Nellore Coast Research Articles

Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals in Commercial Marine Fish Species of Nellore Coast, Andhra Pradesh, India

Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals in Commercial Marine Fish Species of Nellore Coast, Andhra Pradesh, India

Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in edible marine fish from coastal areas of Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India

The worldwide increase in population, urbanization, and industrialization was affecting the natural aquatic environment in the form of pollution. The consumption of fishes as food has immense therapeutic and nutritional benefits. Heavy metal pollution of marine aquatic ecosystem occurring due to urban and industrial waste discharge, agricultural runoff and accidental spills of toxic chemicals is globally a rising concern and possesses a dangerous threat for human health due to their regular feeding habits. Humans consume fish as a dietary uptake without knowing the heavy metal accumulated from the polluted areas and are vulnerable to certain health risks. An attempt was made in the present investigation to monitor heavy metals concentration in coastal waters and edible marine fish Indian mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta) namely Arsenic (As), Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd), Mercury (Hg), Iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn) in water and fish tissues (Gills and Liver) of Nelaturu, Krishnapatnam coastal areas. The extent of metal concentrations in the water and levels of heavy metals varied among the various tissues in the fish species studied and the concentrations of the metals found in fish gill, liver tissues were high. At this rate, consumption of marine fish from Nelaturu, Krishnapatnam may lead to heavy toxicity and other related health problems to human and other animals. Control measures are required to reduce aquatic heavy metal pollution in the Nellore coast.

Assessment of Heavy Metals in Water of Selected Places of Nellore coast of Andhra Pradesh through Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy

Assessment of Heavy Metals in Water of Selected Places of Nellore coast of Andhra Pradesh through Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy

Metazoan Parasite Infracommunities of Rhizoprionodon acutus from Nellore Coast off Bay of Bengal Andhra Pradesh, India

Metazoan Parasite Infracommunities of Rhizoprionodon acutus from Nellore Coast off Bay of Bengal Andhra Pradesh, India

Evaluation of trace metals in seawater, sediments, and bivalves of Nellore, southeast coast of India, by using multivariate and ecological tool

Urbanization in recent years has driven us to investigate metal contamination on Nellore coast by collecting seawater, sediment, and bivalve samples monthly at five stations from 2015 to 2017. Non-metric multidimensional scaling and cluster analysis indicated that open sea (OS) samples were markedly different from the samples collected at other stations. Strong factor loadings of Al (0.76), Mn (0.79), and Cd (0.78) showed variability in seawater, while those for Fe (0.76), Ni (0.77), Zn (0.85), and Pb (0.81) showed variability in sediment. The mean values of Fe (346 ppm) and Mn (21 ppm) were high in bivalves compared to the mean values of other metals. A higher contamination factor was observed for Cd at Buckingham Canal, while the lowest was observed for sediment in OS. The order of trace metals in sediments according to risk index was Cd > Pb > Cu > Cr > Zn. The results obtained are essential to establish a reference for better comparison of tropical environments.

Population Dynamics of Metazoan Parasites of Rhizoprionodon acutus from the Nellore Coast off Bay of Bengal

Population Dynamics of Metazoan Parasites of Rhizoprionodon acutus from the Nellore Coast off Bay of Bengal

Investigation of in vitro cytotoxic activity of pigment extracted from Salinicoccus sp. isolated from Nellore sea coast

Objective: To investigate the in vitro cytotoxic activity of pigment extracted from Salinicoccus sp. isolated from Nellore sea coast. Materials and Methods: In the present study, pigment-forming bacteria were isolated from samples collected from Nellore coast, Andhra Pradesh. Among different pigmented isolates obtained on Zobell agar medium, the pinkish orange bacterium was selected for the study. The bacterium was cultured in Zobell broth medium and incubated in an orbital shaker at 120 rpm for 6 days at 25°C. After incubation, the culture broth was centrifuged at 10,000 rpm for 10 min to obtain a pellet, and the pellet was extracted using the solvent methanol and acetone (5:1). The crude pigment extract was evaluated for cytotoxic potential and was found to exhibit cytotoxic effect on A549 (human lung cancer) and MCF-7 (breast cancer) cell lines. The cell lines A549 cells, MCF-7, were cultured in Dulbecco's Modified of Eagle medium with L-glutamine and 1000 mg/L glucose supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, penicillin G (100 units/ml), and streptomycin sulphate (0.1 mg/ml) in a humidified atmosphere consisting of 5% CO2at 37°C. Results: The results of the present study revealed that the crude pigment extract has a strong anticancer potential, especially toward the A549 (Lung cancer cell lines) and MCF-7 (Breast cancer cell lines), respectively. Conclusion: This study clearly indicated that the pigment extract of marine Salinicoccus sp. has a strong cytotoxic activity against A549 (lung) and MCF-7 (breast) cancer cell lines which may be utilized for the drug development.

River mouth dynamics of Swarnamukhi estuary, Nellore coast, southeast coast of India

Swarnamukhi is an east flowing river having a total length of 130 km. This is an independent river which rises at an elevation of 300 m in the eastern Ghats ranges near Pakala village in Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh, India. This study was carried out using multitemporal satellite images of IRS P6 LISS-III and Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS data from 2011 to 2015. The subsequent short term river mouth dynamics, coastal erosion and accretion rates have been calculated for the years between 2011 and 2015. Low river inflow, wind, tides, movement of the waves and littoral currents play a key role in the dynamic activities of erosion and accretion. The erosion rate from 2011 to 2015 was slightly decreased from 0.081 to 0.027 km2. The total net rate of accretion was estimated at 0.438 km2. The study shows during last five years (2011–2015) accretion is more than the erosion. High fluctuation of erosion and accretion are characteristics for the short term scale at river mouth.

Heavy metal pollution monitoring with foraminifera in the estuaries of Nellore coast, East coast of India

A total of 112 bottom water and sediment samples collected at fixed stations in pre-monsoon and post-monsoon from four estuaries (Pennar, Uppateru, Swarnamukhi, and Kalangi) showed foraminiferal test abnormalities in heavy metal concentrations (Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, and Pb). Low diversity of fauna was due to the predominance of a limited number of opportunistic species capable of achieving high densities in adverse environmental conditions and the reduction in the number of species intolerant of such conditions. In this study, classification of 54 common species according to their distribution is presented. Approximately 15 species showed quite low diversities at stations 23–27 and 44–51. Because of the effect of heavy metal pollution in these estuaries, drastic changes in the number of species and diversity of foraminifera were observed. These changes in foraminiferal species and the increase in test abnormalities are proxies of environmental stress on the estuarine ecosystem.

Shoreline Change Monitoring in Nellore Coast at East Coast Andhra Pradesh District Using Remote Sensing and GIS

The shoreline is one of the most important features on earth’s surface. They are highly dynamic and ever changing. Changes are over time scales including minutes, hours, decades and Centuries. Spatial scales vary from local to regional to worldwide. Although change is continuously occurring, it doesn’t occur in a constant manner. Many factors influence these changes including the type of shoreline (rocky, sandy), wave activity, tidal variations, storms and human impacts. The shoreline change study is necessary for updating the shoreline change maps and management of natural resources. Shorelines are the key element in coastal GIS and provide the most information on coastal landform dynamics. The frequently monitoring coast only to accesses variation of shoreline changes. In this paper investigate the shoreline changes of Nellore district in Andhra Pradesh coast, as well as find the quantity of the erosion and accretion rate. Using multi-temporal resolution satellite data (TM & LISS III, IV) and Geographic information system (GIS) for past 25 years period i.e., from 1989 to 2015. Nellore having length of coast line is 167 km for this study used. The resultant coastal maps were used to estimate the geomorphologic changes and shifting of the shoreline position. This integrated study is found useful for exploring accretion and erosion processes in the region. About 87.6 km of coastline was found to be accreting nature with average of +1.40 m/yr followed by 38.4 km of coastal line eroding with average of -1.36 m/yr and stable coastline of 41.4 km was found. This study demonstrates that combined use of satellite imagery and statistical method such as linear regression for shoreline change analysis are helpful for erosion monitoring and preventive measure.

Vulnerability Assessment at Village Level Due to Tides, Surges and Wave Setup

An assessment of cyclone risk and vulnerability at the village level has evolved, which is an important component of the information system for local level development action plans for preparedness and mitigation. Here, a case study for the Nellore district along the east coast of India is considered. Using maximum probable surges along the coast, total water level (TWL) due to the combined effect of surge, tide, and wind wave is computed for the most vulnerable coastal villages of the Nellore district due to any tropical cyclones. The computations suggest that the TWL along the Nellore coast varies from 2 m in the south to 4 m in the north.

The response of benthic foraminifera to various pollution sources: A study from Nellore Coast, East Coast of India

A study of benthic foraminiferal species was carried out along Nellore Coast of South India. Analysis of surfacial sediment samples from the study area shows enrichment in heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn). The environment has become so lethal to foraminifera that minimal species number (4-7) can currently preserved in living condition in a depth less than 5-fth contour from coast. Samples from outfalls which receive only agricultural and aquacultural drainage water show heavy metal concentrations slightly higher to natural baseline levels, and yielding, living foraminifera (10-15). The frequent occurrence of deformed and abnormal specimens in Industrial outfalls, comparable to aquacultural and agricultural outlets reveal that (a) benthic foraminifera are more sensitive to industrial wastes containing heavy metals, (b) agricultural and aquacultural wastes do not significantly harm benthic foraminifera, and (c) morphological abnormalities of the foraminiferal tests depend upon the nature of the pollutant.