Neighborhood Rehabilitation Research Articles

What makes co-production work in sustainable neighborhood rehabilitation in China? A stakeholder structure perspective

Globally, co-production serves as a crucial approach to promote sustainable neighborhood rehabilitation. However, in China, where the governance system is characterized by strong state discourse power and a lack of public participation tradition, neighborhood rehabilitation encounters significant challenges, leading to project postponements or even failures due to unsuccessful co-production activities. To reveal the hidden problems, this paper aims to gain an in-depth understanding of the stakeholders' co-production roles and their participation structure in the co-produced sustainable neighborhood rehabilitation process from multiple dimensions. Using the case in Chongqing, the data was collected through questionnaire surveys and in-depth interviews. Social network analysis was utilized as the research method, and one-mode and two-mode networks were established to depict six relationship types with using diverse network indicators. This study revealed the high complexity of stakeholder structure, the awkward role of grass-rooted government, the dilemma of public voices and perceptions, uneven involvement in the co-production process, and the dynamic path of co-production formation. Drawing upon co-production theory, this paper elucidates the intricate mechanism of co-produced neighborhood rehabilitation in China. It offers valuable implications for policymakers and urban planners for project promotion, and contributes empirical insights to research in similar governance systems across the global context.

Critical factors for effective resident participation in neighborhood rehabilitation in Wuhan, China: From the perspectives of diverse stakeholders

Resident participation is essential for neighborhood rehabilitation. It requires the active involvement of residents and efficient management by organizers. To improve the effectiveness of resident participation, it is necessary to understand the critical success factors (CSFs) underlying it. However, previous research has examined the critical factors from a single-stakeholder perspective, overlooking potential differences in perceptions among stakeholders with diverse roles and rehabilitation experiences. Based on 30 interviews and 255 questionnaires from six stakeholder groups in Wuhan, China, this study explores how the perception of critical factors for effective resident participation varies among local government, community-based organization, designer, contractor, consulting party, and resident. Thirty-seven factors were identified and compared among the stakeholders. Financial Incentive (for participation organizers) was identified as the most critical factor for effective resident participation, followed by Information Disclosure and Transparency, and Trust. Results from the analysis of variance (ANOVA) show that the six groups differed significantly in the importance of most factors (25/37), especially in Participant Education and Prejudice against the Working Group. Interview results indicate that the COVID-19 pandemic and rehabilitation experience changed stakeholders’ perceived importance of some factors. Specifically, in future RP initiatives, extra emphasis could be placed on Trait and Capacity (of the working group) and Participation-assistance Technologies. Stakeholders regarded these two factors as more critical as their rehabilitation experience accumulated. By understanding stakeholders' conflicting and changing perceptions of effective resident participation, suggestions were proposed to each stakeholder group to fulfill their distinct participation objectives and improve the overall effectiveness of participation practices.

Creating Collaborative Environments for the Development of Slum Upgrading and Illegal Settlement Regularization Plans in Brazil

This article describes how slum upgrading comprehensive plans and urban regularization plans are two planning tools which have been used by Brazilian municipalities to promote integrated interventions in slums and illegal settlements. Aimed at urban-environmental improvements, as well as land regularization and socio-economic community development, these plans have been, however, criticized for being too technical, time-consuming, expensive and top-down oriented, lacking sufficient participation and a strategic approach to achieve community consensus on priorities, under severe budget restrictions to face complex problems and fast changing realities. This article discusses the results of a workshop held in Belo Horizonte, Brazil aimed at developing a methodology for the Maria Tereza neighborhood plan, using Geodesign framework and geovisualization strategies to create a collaborative environment and enhance stakeholders' participation. The decision model achieved proved to be a promising support tool for more effective and inclusive neighborhood rehabilitation and land regularization planning policies.

URBAN REGENERATION FROM AN ANDALUSIAN PERSPECTIVE. THE ARB PROGRAMS (1996-2012)

Since the partial transfer of competencies in the field of housing and land, the Andalusian regional administration has launched various initiatives that can be defined as urban regeneration projects. Among these initiatives, the ARB (neighborhood rehabilitation areas) programs are particularly noteworthy. Through these programs, comprehensive actions focused on specific urban areas have included the rehabilitation of housing and enhancement of the urban environment, as well as other social measures. This article analyses development of this initiative through the analysis of the projects launched between 1996 and 2012. To achieve this, we have used programming documents of the projects and secondary data sources to do a comparative analysis of the starting conditions in the intervened areas, the agendas applied to these areas and governance networks involved in these projects. The aim is to describe the specific Andalusian regeneration model, characterized by a comprehensive agenda and its adaptability to the variety of intervention contexts.

Impactos de lo global en lo local

The global reality now living cities is a restructuring of the socio-spatial relations and traditional patterns of living and consumption. The city takes a decisive role in the political, economic and social to seek their incorporation into the globalizing dynamic, which creates the existence of different areas inside the city. The article discusses in general terms the processes of revitalization of the central areas of two Latin American cities (Santiago and Mexico City) and the socio-spatial changes that are generated. For the Latin American case, the evidence shows that the revaluation and rehabilitation of historic centers and colonial neighborhoods to create better places of transit, leisure and life for their inhabitants, involving heavy transformation thereof, with disparate realities, urban fragmentation and segregation gentrification.

Impactos de lo global en lo local: Gentrificación en ciudades latinoamericanas

The global reality now living cities is a restructuring of the socio-spatial relations and traditional patterns of living and consumption. The city takes a decisive role in the political, economic and social to seek their incorporation into the globalizing dynamic, which creates the existence of different areas inside the city. The article discusses in general terms the processes of revitalization of the central areas of two Latin American cities (Santiago and Mexico City) and the socio-spatial changes that are generated. For the Latin American case, the evidence shows that the revaluation and rehabilitation of historic centers and colonial neighborhoods to create better places of transit, leisure and life for their inhabitants, involving heavy transformation thereof, with disparate realities, urban fragmentation and segregation gentrification.

TATA KELOLA PENANGGULANGAN BENCANA ALAM Suatu Deskripsi Inter-Relasi dan Kesiapan Para Pihak dalam rangka Rehabilitasi-Rekonstruksi Rumah Warga Terdampak Pascagempa di Kabupaten Tanah Datar

At the time of the earthquake affecting substantial losses due to the damage they cause, usually very high expectations of the people to the government for rehabilitation and reconstruction (rehabilitation and reconstruction) of homes affected. Therefore readiness to undertake the rehabilitation of earthquake remains an important concern by the parties in the response to natural disasters, both government and society. This study is a qualitative study to describe the experience of the parties in order to direct the rehabilitation of houses affected by the earthquake of 2007 in Tanah Datar, West Sumatra province. The results of this study found the application of the principles of transparency, participation and accountability in the interrelation between the government and society in the process of preparation and implementation of the rehabilitation of earthquake-affected neighborhoods. Open governance practices have proven quite successful even minimize complaints and public protests or other social conflict that impacts are not uncommon in post-disaster management in the region. Experiences of good practice organizing the rehabilitation of houses affected by the earthquake in Tanah Datar this would even be used as a pilot, and learning resources of many parties in implementing the governance of disaster management in the various regions

Rehabilitation of Residential Neighborhoods and Areas of Old Role in the Affordability of Housing: Some Case Studies from Libya and Saudi Arabia

Rehabilitation of Residential Neighborhoods and Areas of Old Role in the Affordability of Housing: Some Case Studies from Libya and Saudi Arabia

Organización social, trabajo en red y desarrollo comunitario. El caso de Son Gotleu y Pere Garau

Social invigoration and community development appear as a key piece in the processes of rehabilitation and improvement of neighborhoods undergoing socio-urban decay. The organization of groups that act with a common interest reached by a dialogue that allows interaction in shared spaces are what enables participation, coexistence and the fight for the common good with the local population acting as the real protagonist of social change. This work describes and lays out the foundation for community intervention in which the creation of commissions comprised of entities and technical personnel appear as a key piece in the attainment of the proposed goals for improvement.

Urban politics and public policy – Looking back and going forward: “Project Renewal” in one Israeli city

This study examines the interaction between urban politics and public policy in the framework of an urban planning project. Specifically, the study is based on research into decisions that determined which neighborhoods were to be included in Project Renewal – a comprehensive physical and social program in Israel for rehabilitation of neighborhoods. The paper develops two themes: 1. Given a program that publicly lays down specific, measurable criteria for choosing target neighborhoods - how may the inclusion of neighborhoods that do not meet these criteria be explained, especially when more seriously “deprived” neighborhoods were not included? 2. Spatial dimensions of policy actions (i.e. spatial distribution of resources and services shaped according to physical, social and political characteristics of the landscape).The investigation was initially carried out in two development towns, Beit Shemesh and Kiryat Gat, where certain neighborhoods in each city were included in Project Renewal in 1979 and 1982, respectively. With consideration for journal limitations on article length, the study relates only to the latter city.Some 30years have now passed since the start of Project Renewal. It seems a good time to review its various aspects, especially from a political-economic theory that applies the ’rational self-interest’ doctrine to bureaucratic and political behaviour.

Culture-led regeneration of Istanbul waterfront: Golden Horn Cultural Valley Project

The regeneration of declining waterfronts has been one of the crucial tasks of urban policy since the 1970s; whereas culture has become an important theme as means for responding to the socio-economic decline that waterfronts have been facing through the re-functioning of abandoned factories and warehouses, the rehabilitation of historic neighborhoods and the utilization of events and amenities. At the same time, many academics are critical on the attempts to reform post-industrial spaces of consumption in creating privatized spaces and commodified cultures excluding social milieu. Within this context, the research attempts to discuss the contribution of culture-led approaches in the regeneration of Istanbul waterfront by using a case study of the Golden Horn Cultural Valley Project (GHCVP) as empirical evidence. The GHCVP is not only one of the most important indicators of wider governmental emphasis on culture as a way of reviving Istanbul’s waterfront; but also it provides major discussions and claims on the impact of these developments, especially those regarding the historic environment, local community and economy. The results of this research respond to questions about what makes waterfront regeneration a success and what role the culture-led approaches should play in the process of waterfront regeneration.

Sustainability assessment: An integrated approach with inhabitant participation

Our research has led us to develop a method for formulating sustainability strategies for neighborhood rehabilitation. This method is targeted to decision-makers in charge of implementing projects for the regeneration of the built environment at various levels within the urban and building scales. The methods and tools suggested here, which have been tested in collaboration with Comune di Bologna –the Bologna City Council- and ACER Bologna –the local Agency for public housing- make use of both technical/objective parameters and a participative approach to address the environmental and social sustainability requirements of citizens, local policies, and EU indications.

The Politics of Urban Waterfront Regeneration: The Case of Haliç (the Golden Horn), Istanbul

AbstractThis article analyzes the efforts to regenerate Istanbul's urban waterfront area of Haliç (the Golden Horn), since the mid‐1980s, from the perspective of the actors involved and their power dynamics. It uses as examples three projects: the Fener‐Balat neighborhood rehabilitation, Feshane Cultural Center, and Rahmi M. Koç Museum initiatives. It argues that the case of Haliç cannot be understood through concepts such as the public‐private partnerships, intense processes of urban entrepreneurialism, gentrification etc., which have often explained the experience of the North American and Western European city. Instead, this process has been shaped by a top‐down initiative on the part of public sector actors initially, and a lack of private sector involvement, ambivalent public sector actors and reluctant local communities subsequently. One needs to highlight the particularities of the institutional arrangements and urban politics at the district, city and national levels in order to explain the case of Haliç. These concern low amounts of self‐generated revenue in district and metropolitan municipalities, the specificities to be found in the local community–municipality relations in Istanbul, the presence of a relatively weak private sector in Turkey and, finally, the unfavorable market position of Haliç more generally and the projects in question more specifically.RésuméLes efforts de régénération du front de mer d'Istanbul entrepris dans sa partie urbaine de Haliç (la Corne d'Or) depuis le milieu des années 1980 sont analysés du point de vue des acteurs impliqués et de leurs dynamiques de pouvoir. Ce travail s'appuie sur trois projets: la réhabilitation du quartier de Fener‐Balat, ainsi que les initiatives du Centre culturel Feshane et du Musée Rahmi M. Koç. Apparemment, le cas de Haliç ne peut être appréhendé dans le cadre de concepts tels que les partenariats public‐privé, les approches d'urbanisme de type entrepreneurial, la gentrification, etc., lesquels ont souvent expliqué l'expérience de la ville nord‐américaine ou ouest‐européenne. Au contraire, le processus est marqué, au départ, par une démarche directive de la part d'acteurs du secteur public, puis par une absence d'implication du secteur privé, par des acteurs indécis du secteur public et par des communautés locales réticentes. Pour expliquer le cas de Haliç, il faut souligner les particularités des dispositifs institutionnels et de la politique urbaine au niveau de l'arrondissement, de la ville et du pays. Celles‐ci concernent le faible niveau des recettes auto‐générées dans les municipalités d'arrondissement ou de la métropole, les spécificités propres aux relations entre municipalité et communauté locale à Istanbul, la présence d'un secteur privé relativement effacé en Turquie et, pour finir, la position défavorable sur le marché propre à Haliç de manière générale, et aux projets en question plus spécifiquement.

Training of Patients with Atopic Dermatitis and Psoriasis vulgaris in an Ambulant Neighborhood Rehabilitation Program: Presentation of a Pilot Project

Background: The structures currently available for the care of patients with chronic inflammatory dermatoses are inadequate to meet the needs and specific problems of patients suffering from these diseases. This work describes an interdisciplinary pilot project carried out for ambulant neighborhood rehabilitation and training of atopic dermatitis and psoriasis vulgaris patients as an alternative to conventional care arrangements. Patients and Methods: From 1997 to 2000, adult patients suffering from atopic dermatitis (n = 36) and psoriasis vulgaris (n = 27) and parents of children with atopic dermatitis (n = 42) took part in an ambulant neighborhood rehabilitation and training program. Questionnaires and scoring systems (SCORAD and PASI) were used to determine the quality of the procedures and the results; the overall rehabilitation program and the training were evaluated separately. Results: The quality of process used in the overall rehabilitation program and in the training course were rated as very good by the patients in all 3 groups, with both SCORAD and PASI showing significant downward trends. Although the training course brought distinct improvement in the patients’ knowledge and understanding of their disease and in their ability to cope with it, it did little to induce behavioral changes. Conclusions: Current experience with training and the ambulant neighborhood rehabilitation program indicates that both can have a valuable place in the care of atopic dermatitis and psoriasis vulgaris patients. It seems reasonable to upgrade the status of these models in the future. This would be helped by the introduction of comparable concepts and the implementation of scientific studies nationwide.

Neighborhood Rehabilitation and Policy Transfer

In the mid-1980s, Britain initiated a new neighborhood regeneration program based on a US model, Neighborhood Housing Services. Both programs are based on a partnership between residents, the private sector, and local governments. The central objective of the British government was to reorient British national housing rehabilitation policy from its traditional public-sector, grant-based programs to the private-sector, loan-based system which characterizes US policy. The British program, Neighbourhood Revitalisation Services (NRS), began as a pilot program in four cities and was expanded to twenty-five more neighborhoods. Data suggest considerable reluctance among British homeowners to tap their own savings or borrow money to make home improvements in the NRS neighborhoods. That reluctance may stem from some disincentives built into the early stages of the new program. Thus, at least in the short term, the data suggest that the transition to the US private-sector model has not been readily embraced by British homeowners. In the long term, the success or failure of the policy transfer effort is likely to hinge on whether British homeowners can be convinced that the private-sector approach is here to stay and that a change of governments will not bring a return of the long-established public-sector model with its grant-based foundation.

Neighborhood Rehabilitation Without Relocation or Gentrification

Abstract Project Renewal, Israel's program for social and physical rehabilitation of distressed neighborhoods, is based on lessons from American experience with neighborhood programs in general and with the Model Cities program in particular. A five-year evaluation found that the project has helped to improve living conditions of residents and to prevent deterioration in its target areas, but that those improvements were not enough to overcome the low social and economic status of the neighborhoods and their populations. The major factors that led to the qualified success of Project Renewal were extensive political support, selection of “appropriate” neighborhoods, the opening of some middle class opportunities to lower income populations, and a strategy of public-individual partnership.

Evaluating and redesigning subsidy policies for home rehabilitation

A method is developed for empirically estimating the direct leveraging, indirect leveraging, and externality benefits accruing from home rehabilitation subsidy policies. The method is applied to two single-family home rehabilitation subsidy programs administered by Minneapolis from 1976 to 1980. Multivariate statistical analysis of sampled homeowners reveals that for each dollar of grant and loan received, all else equal, participants spent $1.62 and $0.345 more, respectively, of their own funds on home upkeep, all expressed as annual averages for the period. A tentative finding of indirect effects on proximate homeowners' confidence in the neighborhood and concomitant rehabilitation expenditures is also observed. These home improvements, in turn, created an additional aesthetic externality benefit.

Capital investment in neighborhoods: Theories which inform national urban policy in the United States

This article addresses two fundamental issues in the design and implementation of federal urban policies: (i) the shifting priorities of urban policy characterizing urban renewal, the Community Development Act, and recent neighborhood-oriented redevelopment efforts and (ii) the sociological theories which underlie such priorities. The first part of the article traces the shift in priority of national urban policy from an earlier focus on economic redevelopment and housing assistance for the economically disadvantaged to the more recent thrust toward neighborhood rehabilitation, revitalization, and stabilization. The central role of private sector economic involvement in the new urban strategies is discussed and the triage model of urban development is proposed to explain recent urban policy efforts. In the latter part of the article the sociological theories underlying many of the new urban policies are shown to contain inherent contradictions and inadequacies which were largely ignored by policy-makers. The authors conclude that the articulation between these theories of neighborhood dynamics and the present urban policy focus dooms recent programs, once again, to failure. This article addresses two primary issues: the priorities of urban policy which have characterized urban renewal, the Community Development Act, and Urban Homesteading, and the sociological theories which underlie these priorities. Most of the analysis will focus upon the latter two programs. Previous studies of these programs have focussed upon administrative, legal, or funding arrangements, or have attempted

Housing and Neighborhood Rehabilitation: A New Method to Handle Old Problems

One of the major national goals in the area of urban housing is to stem neighborhood deterioration and to upgrade and conserve America’s housing and neighborhoods. In recent years increased attention and resources have been devoted to rehabilitation at the local government level and increased support has been provided by the Federal Government. The rehabilitation of neighborhoods and housing is, however, a complex and difficult problem which is not subject to easy or quick resolution. This paper describes the nature of the problem and identifies some of the constraints and principles that must be considered when framing strategies to cope with problems. Existing national policies and programs are briefly covered. The paper concludes with a suggested strategic approach which would help cities monitor neighborhood changes and aid in the allocation of community development funds.

Goal Programming and the Goals-Achievement Matrix

The paper describes a hybrid model which combines the goals-achievement matrix approach with goal programming. It allows for the explicit incorporation of the different objectives and values of the partners to the decisionmaking process and other affected parties in the determination of the preferred set of policies. In addition, it can deal with diminishing utility and the lexicographic ordering of objectives. The use of the model is demonstrated with a hypothetical example of a neighbor hood rehabilitation program. The application of sensivity analysis in the decisionmaking process is discussed also.