Negative Strains Research Articles

Isoleucine with secondary sulfonamide functionality as anticancer, antibacterial and antifungal agents

Isoleucine substituted analogues with secondary sulfonamide group (I1–I6) have been synthesized. Structures of synthesized analogues have been confirmed by Fourier Transform-Infrared Red, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H and 13C) and ESI-MS spectroscopic tools. Cytotoxic screenings of synthesized analogues have been done on MCF-7 (breast), Prostate Cancer-3 (PC-3) and A549 (lung) cancer cell lines. N-(1-isobutyl-2-oxo-2-anilinoethyl) p-toluene sulfonamide (I5) screened to be better cytotoxic agent on MCF-7 and A549 cell lines whereas N-(1-isobutyl-2-oxo-2-p-chloroanilino ethyl) benzene sulfonamide (I3) against PC-3 cell line. Cell cycle analysis of N-(1-isobutyl-2-oxo-2-anilinoethyl) p-toluene sulfonamide (I5) analogue has been carried out on A549 cell line in comparison to control and Vinblastine (standard drug). Complete arrest in G0 and G1 phase along with mild disturbance in S-phase of cell cycle has been observed. The screened analogues (I1–I6) also showed good antifungal and antibacterial potential against gram positive as well as gram negative strains. Computer simulation indicated good bioactivity prediction by the ‘Lipinski rule’ and synthesized analogues did not violate this rule. Docking study of isoleucine sulfonamide analogues (I1–I6) were carried out to determine the possible interaction sites of the analogues with p53 tumor suppressor-DNA complex and demonstrate that the analogues confirmed binding and inhibition with the most mutated residues of p53. Density functional theory has been used to correlate the electronic and chemical properties of analogues and they were found to be stable and chemically reactive. Thus the results suggest that isoleucine substituted sulfonamide analogues can serve as a structural model for the design of anticancer agents, antibacterial agents as well as antifungal agents with better inhibitory potential. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma

Synthesis and Characterization of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles by Coprecipitation Method: Electronic and Antimicrobial Properties

Monoclinic Copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles were prepared by simple co-precipitation method. The structural and morphological crystals of CuO nanoparticles were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. To check the bonding between metal and oxide, FTIR was done. In order to study the band gap and optical properties of CuO nanoparticles (NPs), materials were annealed at 200 ℃, 300 ℃ and 400 ℃. Upon calcination of CuO nanoparticles at different temperatures, decrease in the band gap from 2.9-2.5 eV was observed. The CuO nanoparticles were also screened for gram positive (Micrococcus letius) and gram negative (E.Coli) bacterial strains. The results revealed that the synthesized CuO NPs could be used as antibacterial agents.

Chemical profile and antibacterial activity of Mentha viridis L. essential oils and ethanolic extract

Mentha viridis was the model plant for this study to estimate the antibacterial activity and define the essential metabolites' essential chemical compositions. This study was designed to estimate ethanol extract's chemical composition and essential oil isolated from leaves of commercial M. viridis. The essential primary and secondary metabolites were estimated and defined as: total protein (45.29 µg/ml), total alkaloids (0.116 mg/g), total flavonoids (0.9931 mg/g), and total phenolic compounds (0.2326 mg/g). The antibacterial activity of M. viridis ethanol extract was screened against two-gram negative bacterial strains, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli (DH5-α). This work proved that both the ethanol extract and the essential oil extract of M. viridis leave have potent antibacterial activity against tested bacteria. There is a difference in clear zone diameter by comparing the control ethanol treatment to the ethanol extract. The total essential oil obtained by hydro-distillation technique and identified by Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The main compounds of the oil were Cyclohexanone, 5-methyl-2-(1-methylethylidene)- (33.46%), D-Carvone (32.30%), Cyclohexanol, 2-methyl-5-(1-methylethenyl)-, (1.alpha., 2.beta., 5.alpha.) (7.13%), Carveol (5.31%), Dihydrocarvyl acetate (5.30%). All these characterizations enable M. viridis to have antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticarcinogenic effects. Keywords: Antibacterial activity, essential oils, ethanol extract, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), Mentha Viridis.

Synthesis and characterization of azobenzene derivatives and azobenzene-imidazolium conjugates with selective antimicrobial potential

Five new non-fluorinated and fluorinated azo derivatives, as well as a new series containing five azo-imidazolium conjugates of varying alkyl chain length in the imidazolium head group were prepared and characterized using FTIR and NMR spectroscopy, and elemental microanalysis. Antimicrobial activities of these compounds against pathogenic Gram positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus and Gram negative bacteria Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, as well as yeasts Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were evaluated using the disc diffusion method. The azo derivatives and their imidazolium conjugates were selectively active against the tested microorganisms with zone of inhibition diameters ranging from 10mm-21mm. Their biological efficacy was dependent on the chain length and level of fluorine substitution. The presence of long alkyl chains is essential for the azo derivatives to exhibit microbial efficacy. Active azo-imidazolium conjugates on Staphylococcus aureus contained 16 and 18 carbons in the alkyl chains while Gram negative strains exhibited a cut-off effect at chain length C16. Difference in antimicrobial behavior of the azo derivatives could be due to the different cell wall between the Gram positive and negative bacteria. Fluorination had no effect on the activity against E. coli and Salmonella. However, a clear correlation between the level of fluorine substitution and the antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae was observed.

Study of antimicrobial activity of Unani poly herbal toothpaste “Sunoon Zard”

ObjectiveThe present study was envisioned to develop Sunoon Zard a traditional Unani toothpowder into toothpaste form along with its physicochemical standardization and evaluation of anti microbial activity against oral pathogens by in vitro study. Materials and methodsHerbal extracts based powder was redesigned to toothpaste as per the Pharmacopoeial guidelines and its pharmaceutical evaluation was conceded as per the Indian Government Tooth Paste Specifications. In vitro study was done to evaluate the antibacterial activity by using agar well diffusion method against dental pathogens. Zone of Inhibition was taken as the end parameter against the test pathogens after appropriate incubation period. It was compared with Dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) used as solvent (0.01%) as Negative control whereas Ciprofloxacin 5μg/disk (standard antibiotic for gram positive) and Gentamicin 10μg/disk (standard antibiotic for gram negative) were used as Positive control. All the experiment was done as per the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) Guidelines in triplicates. ResultsSunoon Zard was developed into toothpaste form and its physicochemical values were found to in consonance with the optimum values as mentioned in Bureau of Indian Standard. In vitro study of the Sunoon Zard toothpaste was found to be effective against various dental pathogens with specific sensitivity with good zone of inhibition towards gram negative bacterial strains viz. P.aeruginosa and K.pneuomoniae while among gram positive a significant inhibition was found against C.xerosis and S.viridans. ConclusionThe developed toothpaste from classical Unani herbal tooth powder will provide the better patient compliance. Moreover its scientific screening which exhibited potential antibacterial activity in controlling pathogenic oral microflora compared to the standard drugs also revalidated the claim of Unani Physicians that the Sunoon Zard is quite effective in various oro-dental disorders.

Synthesis, molecular docking and ADME studies of thiazole-thiazolidinedione hybrids as antimicrobial agents

New thiazole-thiazolidinedione hybrids (5a–k) were efficiently synthesized and evaluated for their in-vitro antimicrobial activity against four fungal and bacterial strains. The chemical structures of the compounds were elucidated by FTIR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectral data. Most of the synthesized compounds were sensitive against gram positive, gram negative bacterial and fungal strains. Among the synthesized molecules, compounds 5h, and 5i exhibited promising inhibitory activity against all selected fungal strains and gram positive bacteria namely, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis. The molecular docking results predicted that the thiazole-thiazolidinedione derivatives bind to the active site protein ATP-binding pocket from E. coli, S. aureus and C. albicans with good interaction energy scores. Ct-DNA was used to evaluate the binding interactions of the selected compounds by means of absorption spectroscopy. To further characterize the drug-likeness and ADME properties were calculated using the Qikprop, the result of present study suggests that thiazole-thiazolidinedione hybrid could be an interesting approach for the design of new antimicrobial agents. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma

Enhanced mechanical, UV protection and antimicrobial properties of cotton fabric employing nanochitosan and polyurethane based finishing

In the present investigation, nanochitosan-polyurethane dispersions (NCS-PUs) were prepared via polymerization process and applied on polyester cotton fabric (PCF) as a finishing agent. A prepolymer of PU with NCO functionality was synthesized using isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), polyethylene glycol (PEG) and DMPA (2, 2-dimethylol propionic acid) was extended with NCS. The structural characterization of NCS-PUs was monitored by FTIR analysis. Pad dry cure technique was adopted for the application of NCS-PUs on pre-dyed and printed PCF samples. The PCF samples (dyed and printed) were tested for antibacterial activity, Ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) and tear & tensile strength properties. The UPF values in case of 10% PUB1 to PUB6 application was recorded to be 40.5, 42.30, 44.10, 47.50, 54.30 and 37.80, respectively, whereas the tensile strength improved up to 8.1% in case of 10% NCS-PUs application and these value was increased when 20% NCS-PUs was applied. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated against Gram positive and negative strains (S. aureus and E. coli). The PCF samples finished with NCS-PUs showed higher antimicrobial activity, protection against UV and tensile strength versus unfinished sample with NCS-PUs. Results revealed that the NCS-PUs significantly improved the properties of PCF (both of dyed and printed samples), hence, the NCS-PUs can be applied as finishing agent to enhance the antimicrobial activity along with protection from UV radiation.

Ionized jet deposition of antimicrobial and stem cell friendly silver-substituted tricalcium phosphate nanocoatings on titanium alloy

Orthopedic infections pose severe societal and economic burden and interfere with the capability of the implanted devices to integrate in the host bone, thus significantly increasing implants failure rate. To address infection and promote integration, here nanostructured antibacterial and bioactive thin films are proposed, obtained, for the first time, by Ionized Jet Deposition (IJD) of silver-substituted tricalcium phosphate (Ag-TCP) targets on titanium. Coatings morphology, composition and mechanical properties are characterized and proof-of-concept of biocompatibility is shown. Antimicrobial efficacy is investigated against four Gram positive and Gram negative bacterial strains and against C. albicans fungus, by investigating the modifications in planktonic bacterial growth in the absence and presence of silver. Then, for all bacterial strains, the capability of the film to inhibit bacterial adhesion is also tested. Results indicate that IJD permits a fine control over films composition and morphology and deposition of films with suitable mechanical properties. Biological studies show a good efficacy against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis and against fungus Candida albicans, with evidences of efficacy against planktonic growth and significant reduction of bacterial cell adhesion. No cytotoxic effects are evidenced for equine adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs), as no reductions are caused to cells viability and no interference is assessed in cells differentiation towards osteogenic lineage, in the presence of silver. Instead, thanks to nanostructuration and biomimetic composition, tricalcium phosphate (TCP) coatings favor cells viability, also when silver-substituted. These findings show that silver-substituted nanostructured coatings are promising for orthopedic implant applications.

Gold Nanoparticles and Graphene Oxide Flakes Synergistic Partaking in Cytosolic Bactericidal Augmentation: Role of ROS and NOX2 Activity.

Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) and graphene oxide flakes (GOFs) exerted significantly (p < 0.0001) supportive roles on the phagocytosis bioactivity of the immune cells of phagocytic nature against the Gram-positive and Gram-negative human pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Under experimental conditions, upon bacterial exposure, the combined GNPs and GOFs induced significant clearance of bacteria through phagosome maturation (p < 0.0001) from time-points of 6 to 30 min and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS, p < 0.0001) through the NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2, p < 0.0001)-based feedback mechanism. The effects of the combined presence of GNPs and GOFs on phagocytosis (p < 0.0001) suggested a synergistic action underway, also achieved through elevated signal transduction activity in the bone-marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM, p < 0.0001). The current study demonstrated that GNPs’ and GOFs’ bactericidal assisting potentials could be considered an effective and alternative strategy for treating infections from both positive and negative bacterial strains.

Clinical Analysis of Bloodstream Infections During Agranulocytosis After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.

PurposeTo explore the epidemiological characteristics and risk factors of bloodstream infections (BSI) in patients who develop agranulocytosis fever after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). This study also provides a basis for the clinical treatment of BSI.MethodsA retrospective analysis of 397 allo-HSCT patients in the Department of Hematology of our hospital was conducted from January 2013 to December 2017 to analyze the incidence of BSI, the distribution and types of pathogenic bacteria, and drug resistance rates. We also determined whether various parameters are risk factors to BSI, including the patient age, gender, disease type, transplantation method, stem cell source, pre-treatment with anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG), and agranulocytosis time.ResultsAmong the 397 allo-HSCT patients, 294 had a fever during the period of agranulocytosis, and 52 cases were found to have BSI. The incidence of BSI in patients with agranulocytosis fever was 17.7% (52/294). Among the 60 pathogens detected, 43 (71.67%), 10 (16.67%), and 7 (11.67%) were Gram negative strains, Gram positive strains, and fungi, respectively. The most common bacteria were Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The detection rate of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) was 40.0%, and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) accounted for 17.9%. Single-factor and multi-factor analyses showed that pre-treatment with ATG, agranulocytosis time (≥21 days), and stem cell source were risk factors for BSI.ConclusionWe found that in our hospital, BSIs in allo-HSCT patients are mainly caused by Gram-negative bacteria, and the resistance rate to carbapenem drugs is high. Pre-treatment with ATG, agranulocytosis time (≥21 days), and stem cell source are risk factors for BSI.

Synthesis of covalent bonding MWCNT-oligoethylene linezolid conjugates and their antibacterial activity against bacterial strains.

Nowadays, infectious diseases caused by drug-resistant bacteria have become especially important. Linezolid is an antibacterial drug active against clinically important Gram positive strains; however, resistance showed by these bacteria has been reported. Nanotechnology has improved a broad area of science, such as medicine, developing new drug delivery and transport systems. In this work, several covalently bounded conjugated nanomaterials were synthesized from multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), a different length oligoethylene chain (Sn), and two linezolid precursors (4 and 7), and they were evaluated in antibacterial assays. Interestingly, due to the intrinsic antibacterial activity of the amino-oligoethylene linezolid analogues, these conjugated nanomaterials showed significant antibacterial activity against various tested bacterial strains in a radial diffusion assay and microdilution method, including Gram negative strains as Escherichia coli (11 mm, 6.25 μg mL−1) and Salmonella typhi (14 mm, ≤0.78 μg mL−1), which are not inhibited by linezolid. The results show a significant effect of the oligoethylene chain length over the antibacterial activity. Molecular docking of amino-oligoethylene linezolid analogs shows a more favorable interaction of the S2-7 analog in the PTC of E. coli.

Anti-HIV and Antibacterial Activities of Novel 2-(3-Substituted-4-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2-yl)-2,3-dihydrophthalazine-1,4-diones

In the present study, we have synthesized a series of novel 2-(3-substituted-4-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2-yl)-2,3-dihydrophthalazine-1,4-diones by the reaction of 3-(substituted)-2-hydrazino-quinazoline-4(3H)-ones with phthalic anhydride. The starting material 3-(substituted)-2-hydrazino-quinazolin-4(3H)-ones were synthesized from various primary amines. All the synthesized compounds were screened for their antitubercular, anti-HIV and antibacterial activity against different gram positive and gram negative strains by agar dilution method. Among the test compounds, 2-(3-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2-yl)-2,3-dihydrophthalazine-1,4-dione (QCT7) shown most potent antibacterial activity against E. coli, and S. aureus with the MIC of 3 µg/mL. The compound QCT7 exhibited the antitubercular activity with the MIC of 25 µg/mL and anti-HIV activity with the EC50 of 43.68 µM against HIV1 and HIV2 and offers potential lead for further optimization and development to new antitubercular and anti-HIV agents. The results obtained from this study confirm that the synthesized and biologically evaluated quinazolines showed promising antimicrobial, antitubercular and anti-HIV activities and are new scaffolds for antimicrobial activity.

Synthesis, characterization, DFT studies, antibacterial, cytotoxic and molecular docking studies of 3-chloro-1-[(6-nitro-1, 3-benzoxazol-2-yl) amino]-4-phenylazetidin-2-one derivatives

3-chloro-1-[(6-nitro-1, 3-benzoxazol-2-yl) amino] is a novel heterocyclic compound. IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR spectroscopic methods, and chemical analysis were used to discover -4-phenylazetidin-2-one derivatives. The 6-311++G (dp) basis set was used to optimise the molecular geometry of the synthesised compounds utilising the Density Functional Theory (DFT/B3LYP) approach in the ground state. The electrical and charge transport characteristics of synthesised compounds were used to determine the highest occupied Molecular Orbitals (HOMOs) and lowest unoccupied Molecular Orbitals (LUMOs). Frontier molecular orbitals, in addition to molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) (FMOs). On peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), the cytotoxic activity of produced derivatives was examined, and the results were promising. The antioxidant activity of DPPH was investigated in vitro, with promising results. Furthermore, antibacterial assays with gram me positive and gram me negative bacteria strains, in combination with in silico docking interactions, suggest that the inhibitor has a high binding affinity for 2MGN, as evidenced by the ligand-receptor interaction.

Antioxidant, antibacterial and electrochemical activity of (E)-N-(4 (dimethylamino) benzylidene)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-amine ligand and its transition metal complexes

Transition metal complexes of Ni(II) (1), Co(II) (2) and Cu(II) (3) supported by a Schiff base ligand, namely (E)-N-(4 (dimethylamino)benzylidene)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-amine (L) have been synthesized. The ligand has been characterized by various spectral studies (1H NMR, 13C NMR, FTIR, UV–Vis and ESI-MS). The metal complexes have been characterized by FTIR, UV–Vis, ESI-MS and elemental analysis. . Elemental analysis and ESI-MS studies confirmed that metal complexes form at 1:2 (metal:ligand) ratio. The electrochemical behaviors of the metal complexes in acetonitrile have also been studied using cyclic voltammetry and metal complexes have showed by reducing in their metal center. In vitro stable free radical 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging assay was used to estimate the antioxidant activity of ligands and its metal complexes. Complex 3 exhibited most potent scavenging property with IC50 value 1.97 ± 0.08 μg/mL among the tested compounds compared to the standard antioxidant ascorbic acid (IC50 value 1.14 ± 0.17 μg/mL). Antibacterial screening investigated by disc diffusion method against gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus epidermidis) and gram negative (Escherichia coli) bacterial strains. The result has exhibited that the complex 2 had prominent inhibitory property against gram positive bacterial strains at the dose of 250 μg/mL and 500 μg/mL. Moreover, the complex 3 have also showed good antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis at the dose of 500 μg/mL.

DNA Interaction and Biological Activities of Heteroleptic Palladium (II) Complexes

The manuscript describes the binding of DNA as well as biological studies of some mixed ligand dithiocarbamate Palladium (II) complexes (1-5). The observed compounds are of general formulae [PdCl(DT)(PR3)]. The dithiocarbamate “DT” and “PR3” groups are varied among the studied complexes as DT = bis[(2-methoxyethyl) dithiocarbamate)] (1 and 2), dibutyl dithiocarbamate (4 and 5), bis[(2-ethyl) hexyl dithiocarbamate)] (3); PR3 = triphenyl phosphine (1), benzy diphenyl phosphine (2), diphenyl-tert-butyl phpsphine (3), diphenyl-p-tolyl phosphine (4) and diphenyl-2-methoxy phenyl phosphine (5). The synthesized complexes were screened for DNA binding study via (UV Visible spectrophotometry and Viscometery) and biological activities such as anti-bacterial and anti-fungal, Molinspiration calculations and antioxidant potencies stimulated by hydrogen peroxide in human blood lymphocytes. In case of drug DNA interaction, complexes showed some sort of interaction with DNA solution. Almost all the complexes exhibited moderate antifungal and antibacterial behavior (against Gram positive and negative bacterial strains). The Molinspiration calculation study revealed that the said Pd (II) mixed complexes are biologically significant drugs having adequate molecular properties regarding drug likeness, except the log P values of complexes 3-5 because some structural adjustments must be done for enhancement of their bioavailability and hydrophilic nature. Regarding the antioxidant potential of complexes 1, 2 and 4, the H2O2 treatment of complexes violently decreased the action of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase and catalase and enhanced the level of thiobarbituric acid-reacting substances. Under experimental conditions, we conclude that all complexes act as anti-mutagens as they significantly suppress H2O2-induced oxidative damage at non-genotoxic concentrations.

DNA Interaction and Biological Activities of Heteroleptic Palladium (II) Complexes

The manuscript describes the binding of DNA as well as biological studies of some mixed ligand dithiocarbamate Palladium (II) complexes (1-5). The observed compounds are of general formulae [PdCl(DT)(PR3)]. The dithiocarbamate “DT” and “PR3” groups are varied among the studied complexes as DT = bis[(2-methoxyethyl) dithiocarbamate)] (1 and 2), dibutyl dithiocarbamate (4 and 5), bis[(2-ethyl) hexyl dithiocarbamate)] (3); PR3 = triphenyl phosphine (1), benzy diphenyl phosphine (2), diphenyl-tert-butyl phpsphine (3), diphenyl-p-tolyl phosphine (4) and diphenyl-2-methoxy phenyl phosphine (5). The synthesized complexes were screened for DNA binding study via (UV Visible spectrophotometry and Viscometery) and biological activities such as anti-bacterial and anti-fungal, Molinspiration calculations and antioxidant potencies stimulated by hydrogen peroxide in human blood lymphocytes. In case of drug DNA interaction, complexes showed some sort of interaction with DNA solution. Almost all the complexes exhibited moderate antifungal and antibacterial behavior (against Gram positive and negative bacterial strains). The Molinspiration calculation study revealed that the said Pd (II) mixed complexes are biologically significant drugs having adequate molecular properties regarding drug likeness, except the log P values of complexes 3-5 because some structural adjustments must be done for enhancement of their bioavailability and hydrophilic nature. Regarding the antioxidant potential of complexes 1, 2 and 4, the H2O2 treatment of complexes violently decreased the action of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase and catalase and enhanced the level of thiobarbituric acid-reacting substances. Under experimental conditions, we conclude that all complexes act as anti-mutagens as they significantly suppress H2O2-induced oxidative damage at non-genotoxic concentrations.

Endogenous Antioxidant Cocktail Loaded Hydrogel for Topical Wound Healing of Burns.

The main goal of this work is the study of the skin wound healing efficacy of an antioxidant cocktail consisting of vitamins A, D, E and the endogenous pineal hormone melatonin (MLT), with all of these loaded into a thermosensitive hydrogel delivery system. The resulting formulation was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The antioxidant efficacy and microbiological activity against Gram positive and Gram negative strains were also assayed. The skin healing efficacy was tested using an in vivo model which included histological evaluation. Furthermore, atomic force microscopy was employed to evaluate the wound healing efficacy of rat skin burns through the determination of its elasticity at the nanoscale using force spectroscopy analysis. The resulting hydrogel exhibited sol state at low temperature and turned into a gel at 30 ± 0.2 °C. The hydrogel containing the antioxidant cocktail showed higher scavenging activity than the hydrogel containing vitamins or MLT, separately. The formulation showed optimal antimicrobial activity. It was comparable to a commercial reference. It was also evidenced that the hydrogel containing the antioxidant cocktail exhibited the strongest healing process in the skin burns of rats, similar to the assayed commercial reference containing silver sulfadiazine. Histological studies confirmed the observed results. Finally, atomic force microscopy demonstrated a similar distribution of Young’s modulus values between burned skin treated with the commercial reference and burned skin treated with hydrogel containing the antioxidant cocktail, and all these with healthy skin. The use of an antioxidant cocktail of vitamins and MLT might be a promising treatment for skin wounds for future clinical studies.

A study on antibacterial property of curcuma longa – herbal and traditional medicine

Objectives: The aim of the study was to study the antibacterial property of Curcuma longa. Human beings are dependent on the use of plants and herbs as a source of drugs for curing ailments since ancient times. Herbs are medicinal plants which are created by nature for curing human diseases. Ayurvedic Materia Medica is a rich repository of herbs and about 2000 plant species mentioned in Ayurveda are used to cure various diseases in human beings. In Veda and Atharvaveda, written around 2000 BC, there are a lot of medical references and prescriptions showing beneficial results in a cure for a number of human chronic diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, neuralgia, jaundice, skin diseases, gout, tumors, encephalitis, and bronchitis. Most of the medicinal plants and herbs have been found to have antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and protective properties. The use of the traditional system of medicines in India and China such as Ayurveda, Unani, and Siddha is around 5000 years old, which recommends management of lifestyle, including diet management, exercise, and meditation along with treatment, including specific herbs to cure several ailments. Curcuma longa a traditional herbal medicine is widely used in India since ancient times to cure several ailments.In the present study, antibacterial property of ethanolic extract, extracted from dried rhizomes of Curcuma longa was studied in microbiology laboratory against different bacterial strains. Materials and Methods: The dried rhizomes of Curcuma longa were purchased from local market in Punjab. The collected roots of Curcuma longa were washed, shade dried, grounded to fine powder and was subjected to soxhlet extraction using ethanol as solvent. Two bacterial strains were used in current study; one was Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Escherichia coli. The method to access antibacterial activity was Cylinder Plate method. Results: 50 gm. of dried powder was subjected to Soxhlet extraction using ethanol solvent to get the extract of curcumin for investigation of antibacterial activity of turmeric against different Gram-positive and Gram negative bacterial strains using cylindrical plate method. A distinguished zones of inhibition 6.5 mm, 7.5 mm, and 11 mm in diameter were seen under plates containing different concentrations of Curcuma longa extract. Conclusion: The potentiality of extract of Curcuma longa to inhibit the growth of microbial strains indicates its broad-spectrum antibacterial property which can be used for the betterment of health of society to treat several infections. Turmeric and its constituents may be included in modern system of medicine for the development of new dosage forms to treat several diseases with natural herbs with lesser adverse effects in comparison to allopathic system of medicine and improve the health and wellness of our society.

Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity of some new azo dyes derived from 4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2-one and its dihydro derivative

A series of new azo disperse dyes was synthesized by coupling 4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2-one (triacetic acid lactone, TAL) or its hydrogenated derivative 4-hydroxy-6-methyl-5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-one (dihydro triacetic acid lactone, DHTAL) with diazonium salts derived from aniline, 4-bromoaniline, 4-nitroaniline, 4-methoxyaniline, 2,4-dimethoxyaniline and 2,5-dimethoxyaniline. Spectroscopic data of these dyes dissolved in five organic solvents were measured. The effects of solvent polarity, nucleophilic component and substituent nature on the visible absorption spectra of the dyes are also reported. The structures of all compounds were confirmed by FT-IR, electronic absorption in UV and visible regions, 1H, 13C and 2D NMR and high resolution mass spectroscopy (HRMS). In addition, in vitro antibacterial activity of the synthesized derivatives against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria, both reference and clinical strains, was evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively by agar diffusion method.

An efficient synthesis of new benzohydrazide and 1, 3-thiazine fused s-triazines as potential antimicrobial agents

As a part of our endeavor toward the synthesis of new heterocyclic bioactive agents, some new substituted 1,3,5 triazine derivatives with 4-nitrobenzohydrazide and 6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-phenyl-6H-1,3-thiazin-2-amine and substituted thiourea were reacted and evaluated for their in vitro antimicrobial activity against Gram positive and Gram negative strains using a micro dilution procedure. Synthesized compounds T1GE to T15GE showed to be effective with MIC (µg/mL), among them T5GE, T8GE, T9GE and T14GE showed excellent activity against a panel of microorganisms. The newly synthesized compounds were characterized using IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, MASS Analysis. Keywords: Cyanuric Chloride, 4-nitrobenzohydrazide, 6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-phenyl-6H-1, 3-thiazin-2-amine, Different thiourea derivatives and antimicrobial activity.