Negative Parental Attitudes Research Articles

The effect of parents attitudes to play in green space on childrens cognitive flexibility during Covid-19 home quarantine

Introduction: In recent years, children have faced limitations in their playing surrounding, that can affect their cognitive operation. Aim: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of all types of attitudes into the outdoor playings on childrens cognitive flexibility during Covid-19 home quarantine. Method: This paper was a cross-sectional observational study. A total of three hundred female students by the mean age of the 9 to 11 were participated in this study voluntarily by sampling method. Participants were selected from a school in Tehrans 19th district in 2020-2021 academic year. An online survey using a structural questionnaire createing by Google forms were used for data collecting. The online questionnaire consisted of three sections: demographic information, Childrens Cognitive Flexibility, and Parents Attitudes into the outdoor and playings and playing in nature. Variance analysing were used to analyze the data and Tukey's post hoc test were used to Locate the differences. SPSS25 were used for data analysing. Results: The analysis of variance resulted in a significant difference between the mean cognitive flexibility of those children whose parents had a positive attitude towards playing in nature compared to a negative attitude towards playing in nature (p=0.001). The results showed a better cognitive flexibility in those children whose parents had a positive attitude towards playing in nature. Conclusion: Positive or negative attitude of parents towards outdoor playings has an effect on childrens cognitive flexibility during home quarantine.

Perceived barriers faced by Chinese adult children in social support of their elderly parents' outbound travels

This study aimed to investigate the perceived barriers faced by Chinese adult children in supporting their parents' outbound travel. Semi-structured in-depth interviews using thematic analysis were conducted with 21 Chinese adult children. From the perspective of support providers (i.e., Chinese adult children), seven barriers of the perceived support barriers were identified: safety and health concerns, fear of disappointing families, unwillingness to scarify their leisure time and travel needs, perceived negative parental attitudes towards travelling abroad, high cost of raising a child, complicated border exit procedures, and lack of time. Filial piety as an important cultural background plays the role of an ‘enabler’ in realising the social support of adult children for their parents' outbound travel. The findings test the leisure constraint theory in Chinese cultural backgrounds and verify the applicability of the hierarchical constraints model to adult children support providers influenced by Confucian cultural values. Both theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

Adverse and Protective Childhood Experiences and Parenting Attitudes: the Role of Cumulative Protection in Understanding Resilience.

Theory and research indicate that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are linked to negative parenting attitudes and behaviors. We posit that protective and compensatory experiences (PACEs) in childhood buffer the negative effects of ACEs on later parenting. To test this premise, the present study examined associations between ACEs, PACEs, and attitudes towards nurturing and harsh parenting in an ethnically diverse sample of parents with children of various ages (N = 109; 65% mothers, 35% fathers; M age = 38). Parents completed a widely used parenting attitudes questionnaire and the ACEs and PACEs surveys. PACEs were negatively correlated with ACEs and positively correlated with nurturing parenting attitudes and parent income and education levels. Linear regression models indicate that higher PACEs, ACEs, and family income and less harsh parenting attitudes predict nurturing parenting attitudes. In contrast, higher ACEs and less nurturing attitudes were correlated with harsh parenting attitudes. As expected, moderation analyses indicated that the association between ACEs and harsh parenting attitudes was conditional upon the level of PACEs. When PACE scores were low (M – 1 SD), but not when PACE scores were average or high (M + 1 SD), ACEs were associated with harsh parenting attitudes, suggesting a buffering effect of PACEs on negative parenting attitudes. These findings support the importance of including protective as well as adverse childhood experiences when assessing the role of childhood experiences on parenting attitudes and practices. Implications of these findings for researchers and practitioners are discussed, as well as new directions for PACEs research using a cumulative protection approach.

The relationship between negative parenting attitude and aggressiveness perceived by middle school students: Mediating effect of social withdrawal

The relationship between negative parenting attitude and aggressiveness perceived by middle school students: Mediating effect of social withdrawal

Establishment of the Trends of Access to Basic Education by Primary School Children with Disabilities in Busia County, Kenya

The introduction of Universal Primary Education, accompanied by establishment of Educational Assessment and Resource Centers in the county, was expected that pupils with disabilities would meaningfully access quality integrated education. However, this objective has not been realized as planned due to institutional factors that bar them from obtaining an adequate education and opportunity for full social life. The purpose of the study was to establish the trends of access to basic education by primary school children with disabilities in Busia county. The study adopted the Ex-post facto research design. The survey covered more than 14,000 households in a total of 600 clusters (436 rural and 164 urban). A sample 200 subjects was drawn composed of 155 pupils 2 head teachers, 2 special needs teachers and 41 pupils with physical disabilities. The research adopted a methodology that comprised of mainly literature review and participatory data collection methodologies namely key informant interviews (KII) and focus group discussions (FGDs). A total of 22 KIIs and 10 FGDs were employed in the collection of data across the two counties and at the national level. Descriptive statistics which include frequencies and percentages was used to present the study findings. The study not only establishes international standards and guidelines for the promotion of these rights, but also receives comprehensive domestication at continental, regional and national levels. Attempts have also been made to extend the domestication of these rights further down to the sub national level, although there is not much evidence as yet of county governments in Kenya activating their legislative, executive and policy mandates in response to the basic educational needs of children with disabilities. There are a series of social and community factors that make access to basic education for children with disabilities difficult. These include social stigma and negative parental attitudes to disability which may arise out of religious and cultural beliefs for example where disability may be seen as punishment. Parental resistance to inclusive education for special groups may also be a barrier. Based on the assessment findings, the teachers in the special institutions experience several challenges. To begin with, the teacher/student ratio gap is widening on an annual basis, while there is lack of adequate modern learning and teaching materials in the institutions. Secondly, there are low levels of awareness on parents’ side on education for the children with disabilities. Thirdly, there is lack of funds to facilitate education for children with disabilities at various institutions.

어머니의 스마트폰 중독과 청소년의 스마트폰 중독 간 관계 : 부정적 양육태도, 사회적 위축 및 우울의 다중매개효과 검증

본 연구는 어머니의 스마트폰 중독과 청소년의 스마트폰 중독 간 관계에서 부정적 양육태도, 청소년의 사회적 위축과 우울의 다중매개효과를 살펴보기 위해 수행되었다. 이를 위해 한국아동·청소년패널조사(KCYPS) 2018 중1패널 데이터의 1차년도 자료를 활용하여 분석하였다. 연구결과 첫째, 어머니 스마트폰중독은 부정적 양육태도와 청소년의 스마트폰 중독에 영향을 미치고, 부정적 양육태도는 청소년의 사회적 위축과 우울 및 청소년 스마트폰 중독에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 청소년의 사회적 위축은 우울과 스마트폰 중독에 영향을 미치며, 우울은 청소년의 스마트폰 중독에 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 매개모형 검증 결과, 특히 어머니 스마트폰 중독과 청소년의 스마트폰 중독의 관계에서 부정적 양육태도의 부분 매개효과가 유의하였으며, 부정적 양육태도와 청소년 사회적 위축의 순차적 매개효과가 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 뿐만 아니라, 어머니 스마트폰 중독과 청소년의 스마트폰 중독의 관계에서 부정적 양육태도와 청소년 우울의 순차적 매개효과가 유의하였으며, 부정적 양육태도와 청소년 사회적 위축 및 우울의 순차적 매개효과가 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로, 다집단 동등성 검증 결과, 모든 경로에서 경로동일성이 확보되었으나, 부정적 양육태도에서 우울에 이르는 경로, 사회적 위축에서 우울에 이르는 경로, 사회적 위축에서 청소년 스마트폰 중독에 이르는 경로, 우울에서 청소년 스마트폰중독에 이르는 경로에서 남녀 집단 간 유의한 차이를 보였다. 본 연구는 어머니의 스마트폰 중독, 부정적 양육태도, 청소년의 사회적 위축, 우울 및 청소년의 스마트폰 중독 간 구조적 관계에서 특히 청소년의 스마트폰 중독에 영향을 미치는 가정환경적 변인과 심리사회적 변인을 확인함으로써 청소년의 스마트폰 중독에 대한 개입의 방안으로서 위험요인과 보호요인에 대한 통합적 접근 방안을 마련하였다는 점에서 의의가 크다. 마지막으로 본 연구의 시사점과 제한점이 논의되었다.

The Serial Multiple Mediating Effects of Social Withdrawal and Smartphone Dependency and the Influence of Negative Parenting Attitude on Adolescents’ Academic Helplessness

This study examined the effects of negative parenting attitudes on adolescents’ academic helplessness through the mediating effects of social withdrawal and smartphone dependency. Data from the panel study of Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey 2018 (KCYPS 2018) collected by the National Youth Policy Institute (NYPI) was used to examine the research model. The subjects of the study consisted of 2,541 first grade middle school students (1,375 boys and 1,166 girls). Confirmatory factor analysis [CFA], structural equation modeling [SEM], and bootstrapping analysis were conducted by means of SPSS 25.0, AMOS 25.0, and Hayes’s PROCESS programs to examine the serial multiple mediating effects. The study results were as follows. First, negative parenting attitude had a direct effect on adolescents’ academic helplessness. This implies that adolescents who perceive their parents’ attitudes to be high in coercive, rejective, and chaotic levels indicate that they can easily get exhausted in academic settings. Second, negative parenting attitudes had an indirect effect on adolescents’ academic helplessness through social withdrawal and smartphone dependency. The results suggest that a high level of negative parenting attitude leads to higher social withdrawal and smartphone dependency that influences adolescents’ academic helplessness.

Temperament, parenting styles and the intensity of early maladaptive schemas: assessment of correlations in a non-clinical adult group.

Prior research has partially verified the significance of child temperament and styles of upbringing for schema intensity. However, there is still a lack of understanding of the inter-relations between them. The present study examined how temperament (stable and labile) and style of parenting (positive and negative) are related to each other, and to early maladaptive schemas. Participants (395 healthy adults) completed the Young Schema Questionnaire YSQ-S3 and the Retrospective Assessment of Parents' Attitudes and Formal Characteristic of Behaviour - Temperament Inventory (FCB-TI). Structural equation modelling was used to verify hypotheses. Temperament and parental styles together explain more than 59% of the variance of schema intensity. The obtained path coefficients show one-way directions of inter-relations. Stable temperament connects to schemas directly with a negative path coefficient. Labile temperament shows a significant positive association with negative parental attitudes, but not directly with schemas. Negative parenting is positively connected with schemas. A positive style of parenting is not significantly connected with temperament and schemas. Results show evidence that negative style of parenting and labile temperament features are more important for schema developing and may be treated as risk factors. Because temperament seems to be a relatively persistent feature, it may play a similar role in adulthood, reinforcing emotions and feelings in the context of environment, and then maintain the schemas.

ПСИХОЛОГО-ПЕДАГОГІЧНІ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ АКТУАЛЬНИХ ПРОБЛЕМ ВПРОВАДЖЕННЯ ДОШКІЛЬНОЇ ІНКЛЮЗИВНОЇ ОСВІТИ В УКРАЇНІ

The article analyzes the modern psychological and pedagogical studies of the problem of pre-school inclusive education in Ukraine. The key issue is to ensure unlimited access to inclusive education for children with developmental disorders. Consideringing the problems of a pre-school inclusive education in Ukraine, it is noted that inclusive education is a pedagogical innovation, which is under implementation, and consequently has many difficulties in practice. First of all, this is the professional unpreparedness of preschool teachers of kindergarten to work with children with special educational needs, architectural unadaptability of premises, lack of additional financing of inclusive educational institutions, negative attitudes of parents of other children, etc. All these factors significantly complicate the process of implementation of inclusive education for preschoolers.Stresses of the steady tendency of the birth rate of children with special educational needs in Ukraine and the introduction of inclusion into the educational process, objectively determines the need for psychological and pedagogical studies of the problem of reforming the traditional system of special education. Inclusive education in the scientific works of Ukrainian specialists in the field of special pedagogy is regarded as a system of educational services based on the principle of ensuring the right of children with disabilities to education in a general educational institution in his local residential area at the place of residence. This form of education excludes any discrimination, ensuring equality of all members of society, regardless of their nationality, gender, race, culture, social status, religion, individual abilities and skills.Contemporary scholars consider inclusive learning to be such an educational environment that meets the needs and capabilities of each child, regardless of the characteristics of their psychophysical development. Inclusive education is a flexible, individualized system of education for children with special educational needs at the place of residence. The training takes place according to the individual curriculum and is provided by medical-social and psychological-pedagogical support.

Prevalence, correlates, and experiences of school bullying among adolescents: A national study in Jordan

School bullying is recognized as a global problem and sparks public concerns for students’ safety. While it has recently emerged as a critical concern in the Arab world, particularly in Jordan, no national studies have yet investigated the extent of bullying in Jordanian schools. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence, correlates, and experiences of bullying among a national sample of Jordanian adolescent students. A stratified random sampling procedure was used to select schools that represent the three main regions of Jordan (i.e. north, middle, and south) and a weighted sample of schools was randomly selected using Statistical Analysis System 9.4 based on provinces’ density. A nationally representative sample of 1083 adolescents aged 12 to 17 was included in the study. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires on school bullying and adolescent sociodemographics. The prevalence of bullying among Jordanian adolescents was consistent with international studies; 7% reported their involvement in bullying as a victim, 7.6% as a bully, and 1.7% as both. Verbal bullying was the most common form of bullying among victims and bully-victim, while relational bullying was the most prevalent bullying for bullies. Being a perpetrator was more prevalent among boys than girls. Adolescent students who came from low socioeconomic status or whose fathers were illiterate reported more victimization experience. The majority of students who experienced bullying reported negative attitudes of bystanders, parents, and teachers towards intervening or responding to the bullying experience. Bullying exists among Jordanian students and active steps towards addressing this phenomenon are discussed. This is the first known Jordanian study representing a national sample of adolescent students’ experience of bullying. Findings present valuable information for school professionals, parents, and students regarding bullying and its associated factors. These findings also provide an avenue for the adoption and implementation of available anti-bullying programs to ameliorate bullying behaviors among Jordanian school students.

Exploring factors constraining utilization of contraceptive services among adolescents in Southeast Nigeria: an application of the socio-ecological model

BackgroundHigh rate of teenage pregnancy in Nigeria is potentially an indication of poor access to and utilization of contraceptives among this age group. This paper presents findings from in-depth exploration of perceived barriers to utilization of contraceptive services by adolescents.MethodsA qualitative study was conducted in six communities in Ebonyi state, southeast Nigeria. Eighty-one in-depth interviews and six focus group discussions were conducted. Respondents comprised policy makers, community leaders, health service providers and parents of adolescents. Pre-tested interview guides were used to collect information on perceived barriers to utilization of contraceptive services by adolescents. All interviews were audio recorded and transcribed in English. Data was analysed using thematic framework approach, and the socio-ecological model was adapted for data synthesis.ResultsIndividual level factors that limit access to contraceptives for adolescents include lack of awareness and poor knowledge, fear of side effects, low self-esteem, and inability to afford cost of services. Interpersonal (family-related) barriers to access include poor parent-child communication of sexual and reproductive health matters and negative attitude of parents towards to sexuality education for adolescents. Health systems barriers to accessing contraceptives for adolescents include lack of privacy and confidentiality, stock-out of contraceptive commodities, judgmental attitude of health workers, insufficient staff that are skilled in adolescent sexual and reproductive health. Gendered cultural norms, societal shaming and religious intolerance also preclude adolescents from accessing and using contraceptive services. Wider societal factors such as negative peer and media influence, absence of sexuality education in schools, lack of social networks in communities; and macro level factors such as poor economic conditions were also perceived to limit access to contraceptives for adolescents.ConclusionUtilization of contraception is constrained by an interplay of factors acting at various levels. Addressing these barriers could contribute to improved access to contraceptive services for adolescents, as well as reduction in unwanted teenage pregnancy.

중학생이 지각한 부정적 부모양육태도가 공격성을 매개로 사이버폭력 가해경험에 미치는 영향: 성별 다중집단분석 적용

본 연구는 중학생이 지각한 부정적 부모양육태도가 사이버폭력 가해경험에 미치는 영향에서 공격성의 매개효과를 확인하고, 그 효과에 대한 성별 차이를 검증하는 것이 목적이다. 이를 위해 한국청소년정책연구원에서 실시한 한국아동·청소년패널조사 2018 중1패널 1차년도 자료를 활용하여 총 2,541명(남학생 1,375명, 여학생 1,166명)을 대상으로 구조방정식모형 분석과 성별 다중집단분석을 실시하였다. 이를 통해 다음과 같은 연구결과를 도출하였다. 첫째, 중학생이 지각한 부정적 부모양육태도가 사이버폭력 가해경험에 미치는 영향을 공격성이 완전매개하였다. 둘째, 중학생이 지각한 부정적 부모양육태도와 사이버폭력 가해경험의 관계에서 공격성의 매개효과는 성별에 따라 차이가 나타났다. 구체적으로 남학생 집단에서는 거부적․강요적․비일관성 부모양육태도가 사이버폭력 가해경험에 미치는 영향을 공격성이 각각 완전매개한 반면, 여학생 집단에서는 거부적․비일관성 부모양육태도가 사이버폭력 가해경험에 미치는 영향에서만 공격성이 각각 완전매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 여학생집단에서는 강요적 부모양육태도가 사이버폭력 가해경험에 미치는 영향을 공격성이 매개하지 못하는 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 성별 다중집단분석에서 집단 간 경로의 차이는 거부적 부모양육태도가 공격성에 미치는 영향만 통계적으로 유의미한 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과를 바탕으로 청소년이 지각한 부정적 부모양육태도와 사이버폭력 가해경험의 관계에서 공격성의 매개효과를 논의하였고, 성별에 따른 차이가 지니는 교육·상담적 함의를 논의하였다.

SCHOOL PRINCIPALS AND 21ST CENTURY LEADERSHIP CHALLENGES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Background and Purpose: This systematic review article focuses on leadership challenges encountered by school principals in the 21st century. International evidence indicates principal leadership affects school and student performance. However, little systematic review has been carried out on the issue. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to analyse the existing literature on leadership challenges faced by school principals in the 21st century.
 
 Methodology: Following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, a systematic review was done on two main databases, Web of Science and Scopus. There were three main stages in the process: identification of keywords, screening of articles, and determination of the articles. This resulted in a final database of 16 eligible documents. 
 
 Findings: The review of these documents resulted in three main themes – personal challenges, school context, and stakeholders, and 11 sub-themes. There were three subthemes for personal challenges such as lack of knowledge and skills, while school context challenges can be divided into six sub-themes such as lack of trained staff and inadequate facilities and resources. The two subthemes for stakeholders challenges are negative attitudes of parents and interventions from the Ministry.
 
 Contributions: This systematic review expands the literature of principalship in the 21st Century by highlighting the challenges faced in the context of North American, African, European, and Australian schools. Further work on the challenges faced by school principals in other continents should be carried out to achieve a better understanding on the issue.
 
 Keywords: 21st century, challenges, principal leadership, school leadership, systematic review.
 
 Cite as: Adams, D., & Muthiah, V. (2020). School principals and 21st century leadership challenges: A systematic review. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 5(1), 189-210. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol5iss1pp189-210

Parental Factors Associated with Smartphone Overuse in Preschoolers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

This study aimed to identify parental factors associated with smartphone overuse in preschoolers. A systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. Relevant studies published in peer-reviewed journals from 2009 to June 2019 were identified through systematic search in 10 electronic databases (PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Central, EMBASE, Web of Science, NDSL, KISS, KMbase, KoreaMed, and RISS). Standardized effect sizes were calculated to quantify the associations of parental factors with smartphone overuse in preschoolers using meta-analysis. A total of 30 cross-sectional studies involving 7,943 participants met the inclusion criteria. The following were negatively correlated with smartphone overuse in preschoolers: mother's parenting self-efficacy (r=-.35), mother-child attachment (r=-.28), mother's positive parenting behavior (r=-.28), mother's positive parenting attitude (r=-.25), and father's parenting involvement (r=-.15). Further, maternal factors such as smartphone addiction tendency (r=.41), parenting stress (r=.40), negative parenting behavior (r=.35), negative parenting attitude (r=.14), smartphone usage time (r=.26), employment status (r=.18), and age (r=.12) were positively correlated with smartphone overuse in preschoolers. Several parental factors influence smartphone overuse in preschoolers. These findings emphasize the need to assess and enhance the parental factors identified in this study to prevent smartphone overuse in preschoolers. Accordingly, we recommend the development of preventive interventions to strengthen parent-related protective factors and mitigate risk factors.

Diagnoza empatii i agresji nastolatków w kontekście postaw rodzicielskich

<p>Celem badań była analiza związku między postawami rodzicielskim a poziomem empatii i agresji dorastających dzieci. W badaniach wzięło udział 201 adolescentów w wieku 16–18 lat wychowywanych w pełnej rodzinie w dużym mieście. Do pomiaru empatii użyto kwestionariusza IRI (Davis 1983), poziom agresji diagnozowano na podstawie wyników kwestionariusza Bussa i Perry’ego (1992), a KPR -Roc (Plopa 2008) użyto do pomiaru retrospektywnych zachowań rodzicielskich pod kątem pięciu postaw: akceptacja/odrzucenie, nadmierne wymagania, autonomia, niekonsekwencja oraz nadmierna ochrona. Wyniki badań własnych potwierdzają istnienie związku między postawami rodzicielskimi a poziomem zachowań empatycznych i agresywnych u dzieci. Umiejętność przyjmowania cudzej perspektywy oraz współodczuwania przez synów i córki zależy w dużym stopniu od postaw rodzica tej samej płci. Dla poziomu empatii dziewcząt predyktorami okazały się postawy matek, zaś poziom empatii chłopców w największym stopniu wyjaśniają postawy ojców. Ponadto, brak pozytywnych postaw ojców i duże nasilenie negatywnych ma związek z nieumiejętnością radzenia sobie z własnymi emocjami przez młodzież obu płci i wzmaga ich personalny dystres. Również diagnoza poziomu agresji młodzieńczej była rozpatrywana w kontekście pozytywnych oraz negatywnych postaw rodzicielskich, które mogą sprzyjać bądź hamować agresję swoich dzieci. Zarówno pozytywne jak i negatywne postawy obojga rodziców miały istotne znaczenie dla nasilenia agresji dzieci w zależności od rodzaju aktu agresywnego. Agresję bezpośrednią dziewcząt najsilniej wyjaśniały negatywne postawy obojga rodziców, zaś agresję pośrednią głównie postawy ojców. U chłopców, dla poziomu agresji fizycznej i werbalnej istotne okazały się postawy matek, zaś dla agresji pośredniej jak gniew i wrogość – głownie postawy ojców. Wyniki badań potwierdzają, że zarówno matka, jak i ojciec odgrywają istotną rolę w kształtowaniu odpowiednich społeczno-emocjonalnych umiejętności swojego dziecka. Dowiodły również istnienia odmiennych wzorców relacji pomiędzy postawami matek i ojców a zachowaniem empatycznym i agresywnym ich dzieci.</p>

A longitudinal study of the effects of negative parental child-rearing attitudes and positive peer relationships on social withdrawal during adolescence: an application of a multivariate latent growth model

ABSTRACT The present study analysed the factors affecting the developmental trajectories of social withdrawal during adolescence. From an ecological human development perspective, we specifically assessed the role of negative parental child-rearing attitudes and positive peer relationships on social withdrawal. First, the findings showed that negative parental child-rearing attitudes promote social withdrawal and that amicable peer relationships help decrease social withdrawal. Second, factors influencing the developmental trajectories of social withdrawal were initial value and the rate of change for peer relationships. In other words, initial value and rate of change for peer relationships significantly reduced the developmental trajectories of social withdrawal in the long term. Third, negative parental child-rearing attitudes did not have a significant influence on the developmental trajectories of social withdrawal. We discuss how important relationship factors affect the developmental trajectory of social competence during adolescence.

POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE PARENTAL ATTITUDES FACING OF CHILD’S DISABILITY

Parental attitudes are considered in a positive or negative context. Parents with correct attitudes have a greater ability to objectively assess the child as a result of an appropriate, moderate attitude towards him and the acceptance of his or her personality. Psychological research on erroneous educational attitudes determines the directions in which the behavior of the child may develop. Negative parental attitudes cause such strong and permanent damage to the child’s moral and social development that the educational methods used by the school are no longer able to remove these distortions

How are counselling and therapeutic services experienced by orthodox Jewish primary schools in North-West London? What are the cultural sensitivities, attitudes and beliefs of senior staff members in these schools?

ABSTRACTThis study investigates how Jewish senior staff at orthodox Jewish primary schools in North-West London experience therapeutic services such as counselling for their students and community. A qualitative approach using semi-structured interviews with seven female orthodox Jewish participants was employed. Thematic analysis was used to analyse data. Results highlighted six broad themes covering the school’s view of counselling and other therapeutic services. Uptake of counselling was often low. Negative parental attitudes, stigma, fear of local authorities and lack of culturally appropriate signposting were some of the factors determining whether counselling services were accessed or not, and why. The importance of the therapist’s own religion and the language used to describe therapy was also significant. Further research into increasing awareness of mental health needs for orthodox Jewish schools and to increase uptake of therapeutic services should be undertaken and has implications cross culturally.

Extent of Depression in Juvenile and Adolescent Patients with Idiopathic Scoliosis During Treatment with Braces

We compared the depression levels of juvenile and adolescent patients with idiopathic scoliosis who had undergone bracing and identified the factors that influenced the extent of depression in these patients. Our study included 112 patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) and 96 patients with juvenile idiopathic scoliosis (JIS). The demographic characteristics and Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale, Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, and Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children scores were evaluated to select the relative factors of depression in patients and parents. Cognitive evaluations, using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised scale, and an independent evaluation using the Functional Independence Measure for Children scale, were conducted. The mean Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children score in the AIS group (38.3 ± 3.0) was greater than that in the JIS group (23.8 ± 4.6), a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). Age at initial bracing, bracing duration, parental depression, Cobb angle at initial bracing, cognitive function, independence, peer problems, prosocial behaviors, emotional symptoms, and total difficulties were significant factors in our regression model for JIS. The AIS patients showed similar results, except for the age at initial bracing, cognitive function, and independence. Patients with AIS and JIS who had undergone bracing showed differences in the extent of depression, and female adolescents were more vulnerable to depressive psychological status. Higher levels of cognitive function and independence and older age at bracing, longer bracing duration, larger Cobb angle, negative parental attitudes, and undesirable Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire scores contributed to greater depression.

Factors Associated with Parent-Child Discrepancies in Reports of Mental Health Disorders in Young Children.

The study compares parent and child reports of child mental health to determine the relationship between parent-child disagreement and parental psychological and attitudinal factors, and to determine how parent-child disagreement is associated with the use of specialized services. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1268 children aged 6-11years using the Dominic Interactive and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Psychological distress and negative parental attitudes were associated with greater reporting of mental health problems, leading to greater parent-child agreement on symptom presence, and to parental over-reporting of symptoms. Parent/child agreement was associated with 43.83% of contact with a mental health provider for externalizing and 33.73% for internalizing problems. The contribution of key parental psychological and attitudinal factors in parent-child disagreement on child mental health status may prove helpful in improving the identification of children in need of specialized services.