Negative Life Research Articles

The College Orientation Workshop as an Experiential, Positive Youth Development Program

Background: The 4-week-long College Orientation Workshop (COW) is an experiential education program that combines physical and mental challenges with classroom instruction to promote self-confidence, self-control, wellness, and life success in promising male youth facing challenges to reaching their full potential. Purpose: This was an exploratory study to assess whether young men who completed the program manifested psychological and/or physical changes. Methodology/Approach: Sixteen young men were assessed at the beginning and end of the program. Physical measures included fitness test scores (pull-ups, sit-ups, push-ups, 1.5 mile run time), resting blood pressure, and pulse rate. Psychological variables included positive and negative affect, life satisfaction, self-esteem, self-efficacy, perceived control, self-control, impulsivity, social support, and subjective socioeconomic status. Findings/Conclusions: From pre- to post-COW, there were significant increases in self-esteem, positive affect, and sit-ups completed as well as significant decreases in run times, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and heart rate. Several nonsignificant trends were also detected. Associations of psychological variables with fitness/health measures suggest that changes in the latter may be partly due to changes in the former. Implications: The COW Program may be an effective experiential education program. Follow-up studies with program participants are currently underway to determine longer term outcomes.

Fear of Negative Evaluation, Loneliness and Life Orientation of Never Married Men and Women

The purpose of the present study was to assess the relationship among fear of negative evaluation, loneliness and life orientation among never married men and women. It was hypothesized that there would be a significant relationship among these variables and there would be gender differences among the participants. Correlational research design was used. The sample size of the study was 200 including 100 males and 100 females selected using purposive sampling. Correlation, regression, independent sample t test and mediation analysis were used. Findings showed that fear of negative evaluation is significantly and positively related with loneliness and negatively related with optimistic life orientation. In addition, loneliness significantly predicted optimistic and pessimistic life orientation. There were also significant gender differences among participants on loneliness and optimistic life orientation. In addition, it was found that loneliness significantly mediated the relationship between fear of negative evaluation and life orientation. Keywords: Fear of negative evaluation, loneliness, life orientation, optimism, pessimism. DOI: 10.7176/JHMN/71-05 Publication date: February 29 th 2020

Childhood traumas, difficulty in emotion regulation and coping strategies in adult patients with nonsuicidal self-injury

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the possible risk factors of non-suicidal self injury (NSSI). Meth-ods: The study group consisted of 156 patients who were admitted to our outpatient clinic with NSSI or diagnosed with NSSI within the past year. In the control group, we included 156 patients with no NSSI from our outpatient clinic. The participants were administered to the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-28), COPE Inventory (COPE), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale-Brief Form (DERS-16), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Results: Differences in terms of gender, marital status, working status and history of psychiatric treatment were not detected. The total CTQ-28 score and all subscale scores; DERS-16, BAI, and BDI scores of the patients with NSSI were significantly higher than the control group. In logistic regression analysis; suicide history, alcohol use, physical neglect and sexual abuse, increase in emotion regulation difficulty, ‘substance use’ as a COPE subscale were found to be independent risk factors of NSSI whereas ‘acceptance’ was found to be a protective factor. Conclusion: The findings of our study support the multifaceted and complex relationship between NSSI and childhood trauma, difficulty in emotion regulation, and coping strategies. According to our results people with NSSI have difficulty tolerating their negative internal lives and have less effective and less adaptive coping strategies. Acceptance-oriented psychotherapy interventions can be effective in reducing self-harm behavior in these individuals

THE IMPORTANCE OF EMOTIONAL CAPITAL ACROSS THE LIFESPAN: WHY THE LITTLE MOMENTS IN MARRIAGE MATTER

Throughout a marriage, couples will share countless ordinary moments together, such as laughing together or engaging in leisure activities. Although these moments may seem trivial in isolation, research suggests that accumulating small positive moments together helps couples build emotional capital, which serves as an essential resource for protecting marriages from the harmful consequences of relationship challenges. This study explored whether emotional capital may buffer couples not only from the negative effects of relational stressors, but also from the negative effects of life stressors encountered outside the relationship in a sample of younger (age 30-45) and older (age 60+) married couples. Drawing from theories of socioemotional expertise, we also examined whether the buffering effects of emotional capital may be stronger for older adults. One hundred forty-five couples completed a 21-day daily diary task assessing shared positive experiences with the partner, negative partner behaviors, marital satisfaction, life stress, and mood. Spouses who generally accrued more shared positive moments with their partner across the diary days maintained greater marital satisfaction on days of greater partner negativity compared to spouses who accrued fewer positive moments. Moreover, spouses who generally accrued more shared positive moments with their partner across the diary days also reported lower levels of negative mood on days in which they experienced more life stress compared to spouses who accrued fewer shared positive moments; in both cases, the buffering role of emotional capital was significantly stronger for older adults. All results held when adjusting for relationship length and general marital happiness.

DOES ONSET OF CHRONIC CONDITIONS MODERATE THE IMPACT OF RELATIONAL LIFE EVENTS ON DEPRESSED MOOD?

More than 62% of adults aged 65+ have more than one chronic condition; this number increases to more than 82% for those 85+. Older adults simultaneously experience changes in their relationships due to negative relational life events, including illness, injury, or death of a loved one. Stressors occurring in tandem can overload psychological resources and increase risk for poor mental health. Informed by the stress process model, we assessed the influence of relational life events on depressive symptoms over time and evaluated the moderating effects of chronic condition onset. Self-reports of four stressful life events, five chronic conditions, and depressive symptoms as measured by the CES-D came from 2,948 older adults participating in the ORANJ BOWL panel. Using longitudinal multilevel mixed effect modeling, we examined trajectories of depressive symptoms across three waves. While depressive symptoms increased over time, they were greater for people who experienced more relational life events and the onset of more chronic conditions. Participants who reported experiencing all four relational life events but no chronic conditions had an average CES-D score of 5.28 (p<.0001); average CES-D score increased to 12.72 (p<.0001) for those who reported four life events and the onset of four or more new chronic conditions during the study period. In summary, chronic condition onset moderated the relationship between life events and depressive symptoms. Findings highlight the need for practitioner awareness of increased mental health risks for people experiencing stressors in multiple domains of life.

CHILDHOOD MISFORTUNE PREDICTS LIFESPAN HEALTH INTO LATE ADULTHOOD

Childhood misfortune encompasses a diverse set of negative early life experiences that have damaging effects on lifespan development. We extended this topic by examining how early life misfortunes predicted changes in measures of physical functioning (FUNC) and body mass index (BMI) in adulthood (ages 25-75). We used 3-wave data (N = 6,000) from the Midlife Development in the U.S. study across 20 years. Unconditional latent growth curve models (adjusting for age, sex, education) suggested significant (p < .05) mean-level change and variability in change for FUNC (Int = 1.47; Slope = 0.24) and BMI (Int = 26.71; Slope = 0.90). Higher levels of childhood misfortune (e.g., abuse, financial strain) significantly predicted worse FUNC (Int = 0.05; Slope = 0.02) and higher BMIs (Int = 0.24; Slope = 0.07) at baseline and steeper increases over time. Findings underscore the need to address adult health problems that emerge much earlier in life.

Influence of Gratitude and Materialism on Two Different Conceptualizations of Subjective Well-being

The present investigation examined the influence of materialism and gratitude on subjective well-being under two different conceptualizations of this construct: subjective well-being as a construct with three independent components and subjective well-being as a second other factor with three first order factors. 386 participants from Mexico completed a battery of questionnaires measuring gratitude, materialism, positive and negative affect and life satisfaction. Results showed a negative influence of materialism on positive affect, life satisfaction and overall sense of subjective well-being and a positive influence on negative affect. Gratitude had a positive influence on positive affect, life satisfaction and overall sense of subjective well-being. Results also showed that gratitude did not influence negative affect directly, but indirectly through its influence on overall sense of subjective well-being. The implications of our findings were discussed.

Improving The Quality Of Television Media Broadcasts In Tackling Free Sex Among Teens

&lt;em&gt;Television media is a means of conveying information and communication to many people or society. The knowledge can be accepted by society quickly. Television Media is a means or tool used as information source, education and entertainment. Teenager is a transition period from children to adults which are 11-24 years old. Adolescence is known for a time full of flaming, indecision, and a great sense of curiosity so need extra control from all of parties, especially their parents and educators. Teenagers today are much influenced by promiscuity such as fee sex. Television media has a variety of programs show that interesting to children and teenagers have a variety of impacts in both positive and negative life especially for teenagers who use television media. Today television shows much of violence contents and promiscuity affect the viewing teenagers and the show intersect with the values and social norms in society. Here are some of the television media roles in tackling free sex in among teenagers, they are: Television is as society education media and used of television in teenager’s life. Television media can be used as one of popular education media of people. Television media can act as an education media by watching the educative show for society. The show that educates be followed by teenagers need getting assisted parents which is able to direct the educative show for their children. The roles of parents, society, education institution have important roles in giving education and directiving so education about sex is not taboo to be learned.Television attracts good interest to adult especially to children and teenagers who like to watch television because it interesting shows and programs and how to present them in a fun way. Television is used by teenagers as entertainment and knowledge media where teenagers can get information quickly and easily.&lt;/em&gt;

A Discrete Emotions Perspective to Negative Autobiographical Recall among Younger and Older Adults

ABSTRACTBackground: The discrete emotions approach predicts differential relevance of anger and sadness experiences to well-being between younger and older adults (anger more relevant in young adulthood, sadness more relevant in old age).Methods: We tested these assumptions within a semi-guided autobiographical recall task among a sample of younger and older adults. Participants recalled a series of 50 negative past life events that were categorized as to the primary emotion elicited. Phenomenological ratings included assessments of event negativity, positivity, vividness, and age at which the event occurred.Results: Contrary to expectations, there were no age differences in the ratio of anger and sadness experiences, as well as perceived negativity and vividness. However, perceived positivity of sadness events was higher among older relative to younger adults.Conclusion: We discuss the present results in terms of how various emotional events maintain their representational nature in old age, while certain events could be particularly unique to divergent age-related well-being outcomes.

The Work-Life Conflict and Satisfaction with Life: Correlates and the Mediating Role of the Work-Family Conflict

The permeable boundary between family life and professional life allows interferences between them which could lead to either positive or negative consequences in both plans of the employees’ lives. Our paper aims to analyse the relationships between the work-family conflict, organizational attachment, positive and negative affectivity, work satisfaction and life satisfaction and last but not least, well-being. The sample consisted of 245 employees. The main hypothesis highlights the mediating role of the work-family conflict in the relationship between affectivity, workplace attachment and job satisfaction and satisfaction with life. Future research could focus on the environmental factors mediating the relationships between life and job satisfaction and on their interaction with the dispositional factors.

Resilience in Cancer Patients.

Background: Being diagnosed with cancer and undergoing its treatment are associated with substantial distress that can cause long-lasting negative psychological outcomes. Resilience is an individual’s ability to maintain or restore relatively stable psychological and physical functioning when confronted with stressful life events and adversities. Posttraumatic growth (PTG) can be defined as positive life changes that result from major life crises or stressful events. Objectives: The aims of this study were to 1) investigate which factors can strengthen or weaken resilience and PTG in cancer patients and survivors; 2) explore the relationship between resilience and PTG, and mental health outcomes; and 3) discuss the impact and clinical implications of resilience and PTG on the process of recovery from cancer. Methods: A literature search was conducted, restricted to PubMed from inception until May 2018, utilizing the following key words: cancer, cancer patients, cancer survivors, resilience, posttraumatic growth, coping, social support, and distress. Results: Biological, personal, and most importantly social factors contribute to cancer patients’ resilience and, consequently, to favorable psychological and treatment-related outcomes. PTG is an important phenomenon in the adjustment to cancer. From the literature included in this review, a model of resilience and PTG in cancer patients and survivors was developed. Conclusions: The cancer experience is associated with positive and negative life changes. Resilience and PTG are quantifiable and can be modified through psychological and pharmacological interventions. Promoting resilience and PTG should be a critical component of cancer care.

Psychological distress and perceived burden in caregivers of persons with autism spectrum disorder.

To investigate psychological distress among parents of children with autism spectrum disorder and the associated sociodemographic factors influencing parents' distress. A cross-sectional design with a sample of 123 Jordanian parents providing care to children with autism spectrum disorder was used. A sociodemographic questionnaire, the Oberst Caregiving Burden Scale, the Bakas Caregiving Outcomes Scale, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale were utilized for data collection. Parents reported moderate levels of burden, negative life changes, and borderline depression and anxiety. The perceived burden related to caregiving task difficulty positively correlated with that related to time spent on tasks and negatively correlated with caregivers' caregiving-related outcomes. The perceived burden of caregiving tasks was negatively correlated with depression and anxiety and anxiety levels were positively correlated with depression (P < 0.001). Healthcare providers, advanced practice nurses, and policy makers should be aware of the burden, anxiety, and depression experienced by caregivers of children with autism spectrum disorder.

THE IMPACTS OF ELECTIONS ON ECONOMICS IN INDONESIA

Money politic or vote buying in the election is something hasplagued all the societies that claimed the application ofdemocratic form in governance. The minority is able tomonopolize the votes of the majority in their favor usingfinancial sufficiency, political promises and the issues ofmass media. This phenomenon can lead to bribery, perjuryand treason that have negative impact on the economy ofIndonesia. The researcher used analytical method to explainvarious aspects of the phenomenon of buying electoral votesand its impact on the economic life in Indonesia. Theresearcher finally found two significant results. First, votebuying is a major cause of political and administrativecorruption in Indonesia. It is the main incubator breedingcorrupt leaders, which have negative impact towardseconomic life in Indonesia such as the increase number ofpoverty, unstable economy, enrich among political elites,and arbitrariness in determining economic policies taken bythe authorities pursuing their own interests. Second, votebuying is widely spread and easily found in the life of theIndonesian society, it seems like an established habit that ishard to eradicate.

Lamentation of Ibn Al-Rumi to Abu Al-Husain Yahiya Bin Umar Bin Al Hussein Bin Zaid Bin Ali(May Allah be pleased with him)

Lamentations have formed an important theme throughout the successive periods of Arab poetry, especially the Abbasid period, for the multifaceted and humanistic aspects of this original poetic purpose, on the one hand, and because it transcends merely a positive emotional attitude of the elusive and negative people and life on the other. It is also worthy of research and guidance, and it is important to know the importance of human life and its causes. And its poets deserve attention . It was "the son of Rumi" who lived a life filled with oppression and injustice, one of the most prominent poets of this purpose and notify it, and seems to be overlooked as much as the poet and value this was motivated by the Astitharh carefully study a range of modern researchers, led by "Akkad" who Straighten him a complete study titled " son Abrome his life from his hair, "Abdul Hamid good in his study" Ibn Al-Rumi spelling "and other studies that have tried to explore this Mknunat felt Ahaaraly technical and substantive levels. With regard to the purpose of lamentation, the scholars unanimously agreed on the distinction of Ibn al-Rumi in it, and enabled him to know his data, especially the technical ones, but what is taken on these studies interest in certain poems other than the poet in this regard, especially those inherited by his children without paying attention to other poems The poet sang in religious and social figures that had an impact on changing the behavior of the society by diagnosing its shortcomings and standing up against the oppression and oppression practiced by the ruling authority against some of them, especially the "students" who suffered from the marginalization and persecution of power. and supporter of the family of Ali bin AbiTalib ( The poet of the poems, which included the heat of the passion and honesty, and the high level of artistic which provided the poet these characters, especially their hero, "Hussein bin Yahiya ibn Umar bin Zaid bin Ali" In this regard, because it included the sincerity of emotion, and creativity in the embodiment of poetic images coated with verbal templates, the poet's keenness to choose the most beautiful and plush; to fit the status of the lure and the end of the greatness he chose for himself, not a monk in a moral unit that the impact in the poem that included beyond One hundred percent, the visions of the Poet were gathered Life, time, alarm, and patience, which we tried to study, taking the technical and social approaches to uncover the meanings of the poem artistically and objectively .

From bad to worse? Effects of multiple adverse life course transitions on mental health

This paper examines whether the simultaneous occurrence of two or more adverse life course transitions has a stronger effect on mental health compared to the effects of the sum of each. The focus is on four life course transitions (partner loss (divorce/separation or death), death of a parent, unemployment, disability) and the data come from a large four-wave longitudinal dataset in the Netherlands (N = 4,192 respondents). There is clear evidence that negative life course transitions tend to cluster. Of the four transitions, partner loss and disability onset have the largest negative impact on mental health but unemployment also has a clear effect. There is not only additive but also interactive accumulation during the life course: one adverse event has a more negative impact on mental health when it occurs simultaneously with another. This provides evidence on the link between ‘turbulent times’ in the life course and negative mental health trajectories. We did not find evidence that effects of adverse transitions depend on education.

Application of mindfulness-based stress reduction in cervical cancer patients with chemoradiotherapy

Objective To explore the effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction on negative emotions, fatigue, sleep quality and life quality in cervical cancer patients with chemoradiotherapy. Methods From May 2016 to May 2017, 96 cervical cancer patients who treated in Dazhou Centeral Hospital of Sichuan Province were selected as subjects by convenience sampling. All of the patients were divided into observation group and control group with the random number table, 48 cases in each group. Patients of control group accepted conventional nursing. On this basis, patients of observation group were treated with mindfulness-based stress reduction. The scores of Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) , Self-Rating Depressive Scale (SDS) , fatigue, sleep quality and life quality were compared before and 8 weeks after intervention. Results There were no significant differences in the scores of SAS, SDS, fatigue, sleep quality and life quality before intervention (P>0.05) . The score of SAS, SDS, fatigue and sleep quality of two groups all decreased after intervention compared with that before intervention, besides, those scores of observation group were lower than those of control group; the scores of dimensions of life quality of two groups all increased after intervention compared with those before intervention, in addition, those scores of observation group were higher than those of control group; all of the differences were significant (P<0.05) . Conclusions Mindfulness-based stress reduction are with strong operability. It can effectively relieve anxiety and depression of cervical cancer patients with chemoradiotherapy, improve the fatigue, sleep quality and life quality. It is worth to be used widely. Key words: Uterine cervical neoplasms; Quality of life; Chemoradiotherapy; Mindfulness-based stress reduction

Rapid socio-economic changes, psychosocial factors and prevalence of hypertension among men and women aged 55 years at baseline in Estonia: a 13-year follow-up study

Background: Hypertension is an important public health problem which causes premature morbidity and mortality. Cardiovascular diseases are responsible for about 55% of deaths in Estonia.The purpose of the study: was to assess, through a follow-up period, the prevalence of hypertension and to observe which risk factors of cardiovascular disease impact the occurrence of the disease. The second aim of the study was to evaluate the role of psychosocial factors and personality traits among individuals with a diagnosis of hypertension.Materials and methods: The 330 subjects from Estonia, aged 55 years at baseline, from among whom 219 participated at follow-up. A cross-sectional study based on a self-reported questionnaire was conducted.Results: Over 13 years, the prevalence of hypertension increased from 4% to 53%. Obese (body mass index ≥30 kg/m2) individuals were four times more likely to belong to the hypertension group (p < .01). Among individuals with hypertension the depressed mood score was ≥4 points (max. 9 points) in 54.3% of participants. Depressed mood was linked with experiencing negative stressful life events (B = 0.047, 95% CI 0.016; 0.079; p < .01). Mastery had a protective impact on depressed mood. The self-rated quality of life score was lower among subjects with hypertension than among those who were not diagnosed with hypertension (p < .05).Conclusions: According to the 13-year follow-up study, rapid socio-economic changes in Estonia have affected psychosocial health factors among 55-year-old individuals with a diagnosis of hypertension. There is a significant relationship between obesity and the development of hypertension.

Correlates of alcohol consumption among Germans in the second half of life. Results of a population-based observational study

BackgroundSeveral studies have investigated the predictors of alcohol consumption behavior among adolescents and young adults. However, the body of evidence about the relationship between in particular psychological factors and alcohol consumption among individuals in the second half of life is still limited. Hence, we aimed at identifying factors associated with alcohol consumption among individuals aged 40 and above, especially focusing on psychological correlates.MethodsData were derived from a population-based sample of community-dwelling individuals aged 40 to 95 years (n = 7820) in Germany. Alcohol consumption was rated as ‘never’ (never drinkers), ‘rarer than once a month’, ‘one to three times a month’, ‘once a week’, ‘several times a week’ (occasional drinkers), and ‘daily’ (daily drinkers). Socio-economic factors, the illness level and physical activity were considered as possible determinants of alcohol consumption. In addition, positive and negative affect, life satisfaction, optimism, self-esteem, self-efficacy, and self-regulation were included as psychological factors. Multinomial regressions were used to identify factors associated with drinking behavior.Results12.0% of the individuals were daily drinkers, 76.5% were occasional drinkers, and 11.5% of the individuals never drank alcohol. After adjusting for various potential confounders, multinomial logistic regressions revealed that, compared with never drinking, occasional and daily drinking were positively associated with a decreased loneliness, a higher life satisfaction, a higher positive affect, a higher optimism, a higher self-efficacy (occasional drinkers), a higher self-esteem, and less perceived stress. In addition, occasional and daily drinking were positively associated with less physical illnesses, male gender, and income as compared with never drinking.ConclusionsThe current study extends the existing literature on alcohol consumption behavior by new insights of correlates of drinking behavior among individuals in the second half of life. Since interventions are available to address this risk factor, this might help to identify individuals with increased alcohol consumption.

Do past stressful life events and personal control beliefs predict subjective wellbeing in old age? Evidence from a Spanish nationwide representative sample

ABSTRACTIt has been widely corroborated that recent stressful life events could impact wellbeing; nevertheless, it is not clear whether stressful situations experienced in the past and the individual resources used to deal with them influence older adults’ wellbeing. This study aims to analyse the influence of stressful past events and personal control beliefs, or the extent to which people believe they can control or influence their environment in order to achieve desired outcomes, on negative affect and domain-specific life satisfaction in a cross-sectional sample of 1,177 Spanish people age 50 years and older. For this purpose, the measurement of ten stressful past events, perceived control beliefs, negative affect and life satisfaction were obtained. Preliminary analyses showed that domain-specific life satisfaction grouped into two factors: internal and external life satisfaction. The results of the partial least squares structural equation model indicated that stressful events and control beliefs have an impact on both negative affect and life satisfaction in old age. Stressful past events had a negative effect on life satisfaction, while control beliefs were positively associated with negative affect. The model was able to predict the variance of internal life satisfaction at 37.5 per cent.

Mental health service use, depression, panic disorder and life events among Swedish young adults in 2000 and 2010: a repeated cross-sectional population study in Stockholm County, Sweden.

The use of specialised psychiatric services for depression and anxiety has increased steadily among young people in Sweden during recent years. It is not known to what extent this service use is due to an increase in psychiatric morbidity, or whether other adversities explain these trends. The aim of this study is to examine if there is increased use of psychiatric services among young adults in Sweden between 2000 and 2010, and if so, to what extent this increase is associated with differences in depression, anxiety and negative life events. This is a repeated cross-sectional study of 20-30-year old men and women in Stockholm County in 2000 and 2010 (n=2590 and n=1120). Log-binomial regression analyses were conducted to compare the prevalence of service use, depression and panic disorder between the two cohorts. Self-reported life events were entered individually and as a summary index, and entered as potential mediators. Different effects of life events on service use were examined through interaction analysis. We report prevalence proportion ratios (PPR) with 95% confidence intervals. Specialised psychiatric service use, but also depression and panic disorder was more common in the younger cohort (current service use 2.4 and 5.0%). The younger cohort did not report more life events overall or among those with depression or anxiety. Neither depression, panic disorder nor life events could explain the increased use of psychiatric services in the younger cohort (Fully adjusted model PPR=1.70, 1.20-2.40 95% CI). There was no significant interaction between cohort and life events in predicting psychiatric service use. This study provides initial support for an increase in service use among young adults compared with 10 years earlier. The increased service use cannot be explained with increasing worse life situations.