Negative Behavioral Changes Research Articles

Development of a nomogram to predict negative postoperative behavioral changes based on a prospective cohort

BackgroundIt is believed that negative postoperative behavioral changes (NPOBC) is associated with negative perioperative outcomes in children. The importance of development of a predictive model of NPOBC was noted. This study aims to identify potential risk factors develop a nomogram to predict NPOBC on postoperative day 3 based on a prospective cohort.MethodsA prospective observational study was conducted on children(American Society of Anesthesiologists I ~ III) aged 2 ~ 12 years who underwent selective surgery under general anesthesia between September 2022 and February 2023. The patient’s clinical data were analyzed. The method of measuring NPOBC is with the The Posthospital Behaviour Questionnaire (PHBQ), and all of children remained hospitalized at the time of assessment. The enrolled patients were categorized into the NPOBC group and the non-NPOBC group according to if children developed NPOBC on postoperative day 3. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify independent risk factors and develop the nomogram to predict NPOBC. Internal validation was performed using the parametric bootstrapping method.ResultsOne hundred ninety-two patients were enrolled in the study, 44.8% (86/192 patients) of children developed NPOBC on postoperative day 3. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the Pediatric Anesthesia Behavior (PAB) score (OR: 1.23, 95%CI: 1.14–1.33), cerebral desaturation (OR: 1.16, 95%CI: 1.02–1.32), and postoperative pain score (OR: 1.07, 95%CI: 1.02–1.13) were independent predictors for NPOBC on postoperative day 3 (P < 0.05). They were used to develop the prediction model. The calibration curve demonstrated satisfied discrimination and calibration of the prediction model. The model presented with good discriminative ability (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve: 0.762 [95%CI: 0.691—0.833]). The decision curve analysis also revealed the great clinical utility of the nomogram.ConclusionBased on our prospective observational study, pre-anesthesia patients with higher PAB scores, presence of cerebral desaturation, and higher postoperative pain score were more likely to develop NPOBC on postoperative day 3. We established and validated a nomogram for predicting NPOBC, which could help assess patients individually, identify high-risk groups of NPOBC and improve patient prognosis.Trial registrationChinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR‐2,200,059,776. Registered 11 May 2022.

Incidence and risk factors associated with negative postoperative behavioral changes in children undergoing painless gastroscopy

ObjectiveTo investigate the incidence of and risk factors associated with negative postoperative behavioral changes (NPOBCs) in children undergoing painless gastroscopy.MethodsInclusion criteria: ASA I–II and outpatients aged 6–12 years undergoing painless gastroscopy. Exclusion criteria: history of surgery or anesthesia, children with developmental or intellectual abnormalities, refusal to participate, preoperative abdominal pain score > 3 points, history of chronic abdominal pain of > 3 months duration, and serious intraoperative complications. On the 1st, 14th, and 30th day after the gastroscopy, the Post Hospitalization Behavior Questionnaire for Ambulatory Surgery (PHBQ-AS) was used to assess NPOBCs in children.ResultsA total of 1,670 children were included in this prospective observational cohort study. The incidence rates of NPOBCs were 14.13%, 4.55%, and 2.14% on the 1st, 14th, and 30th day after gastroscopy, respectively. The risk factors for the first day were female sex (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.00–1.79), parental anxiety (OR 2.23, 95% CI 1.75–3.12), and severe anxiety in children (OR 2.83, 95% CI 1.96–4.07). The risk factors on the 14th day were parental anxiety (OR 3.71, 95% CI 2.19–6.29), a parental educational level above high school (OR 1.65, 95% CI 1.00–2.70), and severe anxiety in children (OR 11.87, 95% CI 5.85–24.07). The risk factors on the 30th day were female sex (OR 2.99, 95% CI 1.41–6.34), being an only child (OR 4.42, 95% CI 2.18–8.95), a parental educational level above high school (OR 2.66, 95% CI 1.27 NPOBCs 5.56), and severe anxiety in children (OR 6.84, 95% CI 2.84–16.49).ConclusionIn children undergoing painless gastroscopy, the incidence rates of NPOBCs on the 1st, 14th, and 30th day were 14.13%, 4.55%, and 2.14%, respectively. The risk factors for NPOBCs were severe anxiety in children, female sex, parental anxiety, and a parental educational level above high school. In particular, severe preoperative anxiety in children was a persistent risk factor for NPOBCs within 30 days.

Healthcare and Behavior Changes for Adults With Down Syndrome 1-Year Into COVID-19.

Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) have been disproportionately harmed by the COVID-19 pandemic and may have been more likely to have sacrificed opportunity and activity to avoid potential exposures. Our objective was to describe the experience one to one and half years into the COVID-19 pandemic for adults with DS, as reported by their caregivers in an online survey conducted between April 2021 and September of 2021. In our sample of 438 adults with DS, caregivers reported that adults with DS lost activities, struggled with employment, had negative behavioral changes, lost skills, and developed more mental health conditions. For adults with DS, one in five caregivers reported less healthcare usage, one in four reported delayed routine care, and 86.5% reported lost activities. As the pandemic continues, targeted support for adults with DS is needed to prevent further skill loss and mental health conditions.

The impact of experiencing sexual violence against women in Sidoarjo city

Cases of sexual violence are increasingly widespread and alarming in the era of globalization. Sexual violence is common among women and has reached epidemic levels, affecting more than a third of women worldwide. The problems and consequences of sexual violence can lead to various conditions that interfere with women's mental and physical health. The purpose of this study is to identify the impact experienced by women after experiencing sexual violence. The research method used was a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach. The research was conducted for three months (February-April 2023) in Sidoarjo City, East Java. Data collection techniques used in-depth interviews obtained from 8 informants, including female victims of sexual violence and the Regional Technical Implementation Unit for the Protection of Women and Children (UPTD PPA) of Sidoarjo City. The data analysis technique used thematic analysis consisting of identifying, analyzing, and reporting patterns (themes) found in the data and presenting them in detail and thoroughly. The results showed that the consequences of sexual violence caused women to experience unsafe abortion, unwanted pregnancy, bipolar, anxiety and fear disorders, sleep disorders, symptoms of psychosis, self-harm, and negative behavioral changes such as suicide attempts, smoking and drinking behavior, and sexual intercourse habits. Meanwhile, positive changes experienced include getting closer to God, trying to be productive, and evaluating and improving themselves.

ANALISIS PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN MEDIA SOSIAL TIKTOK PADA PERUBAHAN PERILAKU SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR DI JORONG PASAR SIJUNJUNG NAGARI SIJUNJUNG

Behavior change is a process of change experienced by a person based on what is obtained and learned through various sources such as family, friends, environment or himself. The process of change in a person is determined by his conditions and needs. The use of the tiktok application in elementary school-age children will definitely have an impact on changing children's behavior because basically children have the trait of imitating. The formulation of the problem in this research is how to change the behavior of elementary school-aged children using the tiktok application in Jorong Pasar Sijunjung Nagari Sijunjung, and the purpose of this study is to describe changes in the behavior of elementary school-age children as users of the tiktok application in Jorong Pasar Sijunjung Nagari Sijunjung. The theory used in this study is the social action theory proposed by Max Weber. This research is a qualitative research using descriptive method. Data collection methods are through interviews and observation. Interviews were conducted with 22 informants, the informants in this study were taken using a purposive sampling technique. The data analysis model is through the stages of data collection, data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. From the results of the study it was revealed that elementary school-age children first recognized the tiktok application from their closest environment such as parents, siblings or even peers. The tiktok application has an impact on changing children's behavior, changes that occur in children can be positive and negative changes. The impact of positive behavior changes such as increasing children's creativity in making a work, increasing children's self-confidence, increasing children's interest in learning. Negative behavior changes such as a child's lack of interest in doing homework, changes in speech, and the child's timing is not effective. It can be concluded that the impact of changing the behavior of elementary school-age children in using the tiktok application has not only positive but also negative impacts, so parental supervision is needed.

Systematic review of the development and effectiveness of digital health information interventions, compared with usual care, in supporting patient preparation for paediatric hospital care, and the impact on their health outcomes.

Elective surgery can be overwhelming for children, leading to pre-operative anxiety, which is associated with adverse clinical and behavioural outcomes. Evidence shows that paediatric preparation digital health interventions (DHIs) can contribute to reduced pre-operative anxiety and negative behavioural changes. However, this evidence does not consider their design and development in the context of behavioural science. This systematic review used the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) to evaluate the design and development of DHIs used to support children up to 14 years of age and their parents, prepare for hospital procedures, and determine any correlation to health outcomes. It also considered whether any behavioural frameworks and co-production were utilised in their design. A search of the MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and HMIC databases was carried out, looking for original, empirical research using digital paediatric preparation technologies to reduce pre-operative anxiety and behavioural changes. Limitations for the period (2000-2022), English language, and age applied. Seventeen studies were included, sixteen randomised control trials and one before and after evaluation study. The results suggest that paediatric preparation DHIs that score highly against the TDF are (1) associated with improved health outcomes, (2) incorporate the use of co-production and behavioural science in their design, (3) are interactive, and (4) are used at home in advance of the planned procedure. Paediatric preparation DHIs that are co-produced and designed in the context of behavioural science are associated with reduced pre-operative anxiety and improved health outcomes and may be more cost-effective than other interventions. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier: CRD42022274182.

The Urgency of Changing Student Behavior in Classroom Learning After the Covid-19 Pandemic

In this study, we wanted to know the urgency of changing student behavior in learning after the Covid-19 pandemic, which has been lived for almost 2 years studying at home or hybrid, and now almost all levels of education have opened face-to-face/offline classes again. There are indications of changes in student behavior when returning to face-to-face learning at school. The purpose of this study was to describe changes in student behavior in face-to-face learning in post-pandemic classes, both in terms of knowledge, attitudes and skills. To answer this, this study used a qualitative descriptive design with interviews conducted with teachers. The result is that there are positive and negative changes in student behavior at the Madrasah Tsanawiyah level. Changes in post-pandemic student behavior must be understood by teachers, parents, and the students themselves so that learning can be carried out better. Technology can indeed facilitate human work, but at least until now technology has not been able to completely replace the teacher's task as face-to-face educators.

Preoperative anxiety level is not associated with postoperative negative behavioral changes in premedicated children.

Anesthesia preinduction anxiety in children can according to some studies lead to long-term anxiety and negative behavioral changes (NBC), while other studies have not found this effect. This secondary analysis from a recent premedication trial comparing clonidine and midazolam aimed to test the relation between preoperative anxiety assessed with modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale (mYPAS) and postoperative NBCs assessed with Post Hospital Behavior Questionnaire (PHBQ), regardless of premedication type. This is a planned secondary analysis from a published premedication comparison trial in an outpatient surgery cohort, children aged 2-7 years. Participant and preoperative factors, particularly preoperative anxiety as mYPAS scores, were assessed for association with development of postoperative NBCs. Fifty-four of the 115 participants had high preinduction anxiety (mYPAS >30), and 19 of 115 developed >3 postoperative NBCs 1 week after surgery. There was no association between preinduction anxiety level as mYPAS scores and the development of postoperative NBCs at 1 week after surgery (10 of 19 had both, p=.62) nor after 4- or 26-weeks post-surgery. Only lower age was associated with development of NBCs postoperatively. Based on the findings from this cohort, high preinduction anxiety does not appear to be associated with NBCs postoperatively in children premedicated with clonidine or midazolam.

The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on emotional and behavioral problems of children with autism spectrum disorder and developmental delay aged 1-6 years in China.

The COVID-19 pandemic outbreak have caused increased levels of emotional and behavioral problems, particularly among people with pre-existing mental health conditions. Young individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and developmental delay (DD) are particularly at risk due to their vulnerability. The purpose of this study was to look into the different effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on 1-6-year-old children with ASD and DD. Parents and guardians of children with ASD completed an online survey that included questions about their children's socio-demographics characteristics, the effects of the COVID-19 outbreak on their health, and what they needed in order to deal with the conditions of the pandemic. This study compared 4,138 children with ASD to 711 children with DD. Children with ASD had a higher risk of having more emotional and behavioral problems than children with DD (OR 1.38, 95% CI 1.12-1.70). Compared to parent-oriented rehabilitation at home, discontinuing rehabilitation had a higher likelihood of negative emotional and behavioral change (OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.41-1.98). Having teachers' online support had a higher likelihood of negative emotional and behavioral change for ASD children (OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.03-1.54). This article provided evidence that children with developmental disabilities, particularly ASD, were at risk for a variety of challenges to their emotional functioning during the COVID-19 period, and that online support was not an ideal way for children with ASD to receive effective educational intervention in China.

A comparison of the behavioral effects of ketamine and propofol sedation in the pediatric endoscopy unit

Introduction: Hospitalization and anesthesia can have a harmful psychological impact on children, leading to behavioral abnormalities. Using the Post Hospitalization Behavior Questionnaire for Ambulatory Surgery (PHBQ-AS) version of the Post Hospitalization Behavior Questionnaire for daycase patients, the objective of this study is to assess the differences between ketamine and propofol and propofol alone use following anesthesia. Materials and methods: After receiving approval from the ethics committee, 84 children ages 2 to 18 who would undergo sedation surgery at the pediatric endoscopy-colonoscopy unit at Ankara City Hospital were enrolled in the study. Group K consisted of 27 patients sedated with ketamine and propofol, while group P consisted of 57 children sedated with propofol. To detect postoperative behavioral alterations in these youngsters, a questionnaire (POBQ-AS) was administered soon prior to the procedure and on the third day following it. Results: Pre-procedural Behavior Assessment Questionnaire Total scores were comparable for both groups. The measures on the third day following the surgery were also comparable. The Post-procedure Behavior Evaluation Questionnaire Total Score increased significantly (p 0.05) in both groups compared to the pre-procedure score. In Group K, the answers to the questions "Is he disconnected to his environment?" and "Does he become depressed when left alone?" increased significantly more than in the other group (p 0.05). Conclusion: Pediatric perioperative behavioral problem may be common. On the third postoperative day, sedative applications involving ketamine and propofol induce detrimental behavioral alterations, according to this study. In our patient group selected from the endoscopy unit to exclude factors such as mask induction, muscle relaxants, inhalation anesthetics, and surgical incision pain, we believe that only the negative behavioral changes of the intravenous anesthetics ketamine and propofol, as well as factors such as inflammation, surgical stress, and neurotoxicity, should be the focus of future research.

Hypnosis as an alternative to general anaesthesia for paediatric superficial surgery: a randomised controlled trial

BackgroundReducing perioperative anxiety and controlling pain in children are essential to optimise recovery and outcomes for both children and their parents. By acting on sensory and affective modulation of anxiety and pain, hypnosis is widely used in medical care, especially in anaesthesia. This randomised controlled clinical trial was designed to compare general anaesthesia and intraoperative hypnosis support for perioperative management of children undergoing superficial surgery. MethodsChildren aged 7–16 yr scheduled for day-case superficial surgery were included and randomly assigned to one of the following two groups: general anaesthesia group or hypnosis group. The primary outcome was length of hospital stay. Child and parent anxiety, child pain, and the occurrence of postoperative negative behavioural changes were also evaluated. ResultsSixty children of mean age 10.3 (standard deviation: 2.6) yr were enrolled in the study. Hypnosis was successful in all but one case. The median (25th–75th percentile) length of hospital stay was shorter in the hypnosis group (120 [95–145] vs 240.5 [218–275] min; P<0.001). The general anaesthesia group was associated with a greater incidence of high levels of preoperative anxiety in children (30 vs 11%; P=0.001) and parents (55 vs 30%; P=0.05). Pain scores did not differ between groups. No negative postoperative behavioural changes were reported. ConclusionsIn children aged 7–16 yr, hypnosis appears to be feasible and accepted. The quality of the perioperative experience and the rapid recovery support the use of hypnosis as an effective and safe alternative to general anaesthesia for paediatric superficial surgery. Clinical trial registrationNCT02505880.

The Impact of the COVID-19 Epidemic on Hospital Admissions for Alcohol-related Liver Disease and Pancreatitis in Western Sydney.

The Impact of the COVID-19 Epidemic on Hospital Admissions for Alcohol-related Liver Disease and Pancreatitis in Western Sydney.

Toxicological characteristics of the injectable form of copper nanopowder

The toxicological characteristics of the injection form of copper nanopowder are presented. The studied compound was administered in carts of 500 mg /kg (group 2 animals), 1000 mg/kg (group 3 animals), 2000 mg/kg (group 4 animals), 3000 mg/kg (group 5 animals) and 5000 mg/kg (group 6 animals). Animals of the control group (group 1) were injected with an appropriate amount of solvent (propylene glycol). The volume of the injected compound did not exceed 5 ml. It was found that after administration of the studied compound at doses of 500 and 1000 mg/kg, there were no clinical manifestations of intoxication in white rats. With an increase in doses up to 2000 – 5000 mg / kg of body weight, anxiety, difficulty breathing, and tremor were observed. However, according to the results of the experiment, we did not establish a lethal dose of the drug. When studying the chronic toxicity of the drug, negative changes in animal behavior were observed for 14 days. During the whole time of the experiment, for some time there were not coordinated and coordinated movements. There was no paralysis. The mucous membranes were pink in color without pathological changes. Throughout the entire time of the research, the animals reacted to external (sound) stimuli. A decrease or lack of appetite was observed an hour after administration of the drug and lasted for 6 days, then returned to normal. Thus, the studied compound can be attributed to hazard class IV and to the group of low-toxic substances in accordance with GOST 12.1.007-76.

Impact of COVID-19 on health risk behaviors in northern California: A cross-sectional survey

The COVID-19 pandemic has been disruptive, unevenly impacting health behaviors in different geographical regions and population groups. We examined how COVID-19 affected perceived changes in physical activity, sleep, and diet and the impact of socio-demographic variables on a calculated health risk behavior score. In this cross-sectional study, 505 residents of northern California completed a web-based survey from August to November of 2020. Chi-square and multivariable linear regression analyses examined the association between socio-demographic variables and the health risk behavior score. Approximately 84 % of respondents experienced at least one unfavorable behavior change after the pandemic, with 49.5 % indicating a reduction in physical activity, 29.7 % a decrease in sleep, 33.1 % an increase in sugary snack consumption, and 29.3 % a decrease in fruit and vegetable intake. Multivariate analyses indicated a higher health risk behavior score (less favorable) for females compared to males (male beta = -0.815, p < 0.0001) and Hispanics compared to Whites (Hispanics beta = 0.396, p = 0.033). The negative changes in health behavior observed in females could be attributed to a higher reduction in fruit and vegetable consumption, and a larger increase in sugary and salty snacks when compared to males. A higher reduction in exercise, sleep, and fruit and vegetable intake were the main drivers of the unfavorable results seen for Hispanics when compared to Whites. Findings highlight the detrimental behavioral changes during the COVID-19 pandemic and the disproportionate impact on Hispanics and women. These results are valuable to policymakers to identify ways to support those most affected by the pandemic and its potential long-term effects.

Effects of sleep self-monitoring via app on subjective sleep markers in student athletes.

As sleep problems are highly prevalent among university students and competitive athletes, and the application of commercial sleep technologies may be either useful or harmful, this study investigated the effects of a 2-week sleep self-monitoring on the sleep of physically active university students (n = 98, 21 ± 1.7 years). Two intervention groups used a free sleep app (Sleep Score; SleepScore Labs™, Carlsbad, CA, USA: n = 20 or Sleep Cycle; Sleep Cycle AB, Gothenburg, Sweden: n = 24) while answering online sleep diaries. They used the app analysis function in week 1 and the ‘smart alarm’ additionally in week 2. As controls, one group answered the online sleep diary without intervention (n = 21) and another the pre–post questionnaires only (n = 33). Facets of subjective sleep behaviour and the role of bedtime procrastination were analysed. Multilevel models did not show significant interactions, indicating intervention effects equal for both app groups. Sleep Cycle users showed trends toward negative changes in sleep behaviour, while the online sleep diary group showed more, tendentially positive, developments. Bedtime procrastination was a significant predictor of several variables of sleep behaviour and quality. The results indicate neither benefits nor negative effects of app-based sleep self-tracking. Thus, student athletes do not seem to be as susceptible to non-validated sleep technologies as expected. However, bedtime procrastination was correlated with poor sleep quality and should be addressed in sleep intervention programmes.

ПСИХОЛОГІЧНІ ДЕТЕРМІНАНТИ ПОВЕДІНКОВИХ ЗМІН У ДІТЕЙ УНАСЛІДОК ТРАВМАТИЧНОГО СТРЕСУ ВІЙНИ В УКРАЇНІ

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of psychological traumatization of children of different age groups as a result of military aggression in Ukraine. A special category that suffers psychotrauma is children, whose stress can be aggravated by the behavior of adults who feel fear, anxiety and helplessness in the realities of war. The author draws attention to the fact that parents can become a source of transmission of psychotrauma to their unborn children due to imperceptible but hereditary shifts in the genome and under the influence of constant anxiety caused by the experience of war. In this way, suffering can be passed down through the generations. Emotional response to military events in the east of the country can be traumatic stress for children and adults. The author identified and described five main types of traumatic events, which are especially often responsible for mental and physical suffering in the future: emotional neglect, emotional and physical violence, sexual aggression and sexual violence. The patterns of early psychological traumatization, negative changes in behavior due to a break in the relationship with a close adult are analyzed. The article highlights the peculiarities of the behavioral manifestations of children who have experienced a traumatic experience, taking into account their age, namely preschool children, children of primary school age and teenagers. The main types of immediate or delayed reactions demonstrated by children as a result of experiencing a traumatic situation are considered: expressive reactions, controlling reactions, shock reactions. Particular attention is paid to psychological defense mechanisms, with the help of which the child tries to cope with the traumatic situation. The results obtained by the author prove the need for further study of resources for overcoming the stress of war in children and adolescents, formation of their stress resistance at different levels: individual, social, cultural. Key words: children and adolescents, war, stress, psychological trauma, traumatic events, early psychological traumatization, psychological defense mechanisms.

Comparison of health behaviors of adult women in Korea before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: secondary analysis of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2019-2020.

This study investigated the changes in the health-related behaviors of adult women in Korea during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Data from the eighth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2019- 2020) were analyzed. The participants were 4,848 women aged 19 to 64 years in 2019 and 2020. Data analysis using the complex sampling design was performed using SPSS 20.1. Positive changes during the pandemic compared to before the pandemic in Korean adult women were found for improved subjective oral health perceptions (odds ratio [OR], 1.77; p&lt;.001), increased moderate-intensity exercise in work and leisure activities (OR, 1.75; p&lt;.001 and OR; 1.29, p=.004), and a decrease in secondhand smoke exposure at the workplace and in public places (OR, 0.64; p=.004 and OR, 0.60; p&lt;.001). However, the following negative health behavior changes were found: decreased frequency of walking 5 days a week (OR, 0.81; p=.011) and an increase in unhealthy daytime sleep durations (OR, 1.40; p=006). Compared to before the COVID-19 pandemic, Korean adult women perceived their subjective dental health more positively during the COVID-19 pandemic, decreased their exposure to secondhand smoke at work and in public places, decreased walking, and increased sleep duration during the week. Since this study only compared data between 1 year before and after the start of the pandemic, it is necessary to investigate a longer period of time in the future. A future study should attempt to identify the factors related to changes in health behaviors caused by the pandemic.

Experiences of parents of children with psychiatric disorder from Covid-19 pandemic and its related quarantine: A qualitative study.

IntroductionOwing to the considerable mortality caused by Covid‐19, different countries have made some decisions for dealing with this virus, one of which was quarantine. It was shown that a range of behavioral and emotional changes may exacerbate in children while staying more at home, and parents may then experience these positive or negative behavioral changes. The present study was conducted to examine the experiences of families with children with psychiatric disorders in a psychiatric outpatient clinic in Iran.MethodThe phenomenological method, which is a qualitative approach, was used in this study. The population was the parents of children with psychiatric disorders referred to the pediatric psychiatric clinic of Imam Hossein Hospital. Sampling was purposeful, which continued until data saturation. Finally, the number of included participants reached 14. As well, the Colaizzi method was used for data analysis.ResultsThe results of this study included 12 secondary codes and 10 tertiary codes, which were divided into three main thematic groups as follows: effective factors for improving behavior, effective factors for worsening behavior, and affective factors on creating a new behavior during quarantine.ConclusionIn conclusion, quarantine, social restrictions, closure of schools, and online classes can affect the mental health status of children and adolescents in different ways, especially in children with a history of psychiatric disorders.

IDF21-0636 Effects of COVID-19 lockdown on lifestyle changes and medical challenges in patients with type 1 diabetes in south India

Background: India has become a major epicentre of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. The lockdown imposed by the Indian government during the pandemic of COVID-19 has inflicted changes in diet and lifestyle patterns in patients with diabetes. There are unique challenges in addressing management of type 1 diabetes (T1D) during the lockdown period. Aim: To evaluate the effects of nationwide lockdown due to COVID-19 on lifestyle changes and medical challenges in patients with T1D in south India. Method: Data was collected through telephonic interview (between April 30 and May 15, 2020), from a random list of 154 individuals with T1D, who had visited a large tertiary diabetes care centre during the past year. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information on changes in lifestyle, access and challenges to diabetes care, use of technologies such as telemedicine facilities, self-monitoring of blood glucose, and hypoglycemia. Results: The mean age of the participants was 27.3 ± 10.5 years, and 59.1% of the participants were males. Overall, 27.3% of the participants utilized online information like Youtube, Facebook, WhatsApp for control of diabetes of whom, 76.2% reported watching videos about diabetes. Table 1 presents data on access to diabetes care during the lockdown in T1D individuals. Majority (80%) of the participants monitored their blood glucose at home and 38.3% of them had documented episodes (weekly or monthly once) of hypoglycemia and but were able to treat themselves at home. Of the total participants, 49.3% of them reported that their physical activity pattern has changed (50.6% reported no change in their activity) of whom in 52.5% the activity increased, and in 47.5% it decreased. Over 60% of the participants consumed more vegetables, and 38.7% had consumed more fruits, during the lockdown.Table 1Access to diabetes care during the lockdown in T1D individuals.Access to diabetes careTotal (n=154) n(%)Tried to see a Doctor since lockdown (Yes)20(13.0)The main reason for wanting to see a Doctor Treatment or evaluation of diabetes, blood pressure, or heart disease Treatment or evaluation of other chronic diseases Other reason14(70.0) 1(5.0) 5(25.0)The outcome in trying to see the doctor Yes, in-person Yes, by Telemedicine No, tried but could not be seen16(80.0) 2(10.0) 2(10.0)Had any blood tests done since lockdown? Yes – tried and successful Yes – tried but could not be done No11(7.1) 2(1.3) 141(91.6)Have you run out of any of your medications during lockdown? (Yes)9(5.8)Ran out of insulin9 (100.0)What was the main reason for running out of insulin? Lockdown restrictions in going out to buy medications Unable to afford Pharmacy out of stock Others-Pharmacy closed2(22.2) 1(11.1) 5(55.6) 1(11.1)Have you had access to home delivery of medicines? (Yes)48(31.6)Interested in getting medicines home-delivered even after the current situation eases? (Yes)38(25.0) Open table in a new tab Discussion: Among T1D participants, both positive and negative behavioral changes occurred during lockdown due to COVID-19. More research is needed on the long-term effects of COVID-19 on the health and well-being of persons with T1D.

An overview of effects of COVID-19 on mobility and lifestyle: 18months since the outbreak.

The outbreak of SARS-COV-2 has led to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020 and caused over 4.5 million deaths worldwide by September 2021. Besides the public health crisis, COVID-19 affected the global economy and development significantly. It also led to changes in people’s mobility and lifestyle during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition to short-term changes, the drastic transformation of the world may account for the potentially disruptive long-term impacts. Recognizing the adverse effects of the COVID-19 pandemic is crucial in mitigating the negative behavioral changes that directly relate to people’s psychological and social well-being. It is important to stress that citizens and governments face an uncertain situation since nobody knows exactly how the viruses and cures will develop. Better understanding of uncertainties and evaluating behavioral changes contribute to addressing the future of urban development, public transportation, and behavioral strategies to tackle COVID-19 negative consequences. The major sources of impacts on short-term (route, departure time, mode, teleshopping, and teleworking) and medium and long-term (car ownership, work location, choice of job, and residential location) mobility decisions are mostly reviewed and discussed in this paper.