Need For Nutritional Intervention Research Articles

Dietary acculturation of international students in Pune, India: a cross-sectional study.

Dietary acculturation refers to how a migrant group adopts the eating patterns of the host country. It results in changes in dietary behavior, dietary intake, and nutritional status of this vulnerable group. To study dietary acculturation of international students in Pune, India. International students from three Universities in Pune were enrolled. Information on demography, dietary behavior, and dietary intake (using a food frequency questionnaire) was recorded using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. The height and weight of the students were measured using standard, calibrated equipment. The data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistics. A total of 100 international students from Iran, Africa, and South Korea were grouped by nationality. Considerable variation was detected in the daily number of meals consumed, skipping meals, portion size changes, packaged food consumption, and supplement intake following migration between the groups. The intake of non-vegetarian food had declined drastically for all groups. However, the specific non-vegetarian item showing the greatest change differed according to the group's nationality. The intake of biscuits and cake had increased among all groups. African students showed an increase of 3.33 kg in body weight following migration. The intake of protein and micronutrients declined for all groups. This study highlights the changes in dietary behavior, dietary intake, and nutritional status of international students of different nationalities following migration to Pune, India. Thus, it emphasizes the need for nutrition interventions in international students in India.

The prevalence of constipation and its relation to sweet taste preference among patients receiving methadone maintenance treatment

BackgroundPreference for sweet-tasting foods, weight gain, and constipation characterize patients receiving methadone maintenance treatment (MMT). The prevalence of constipation in MMT and its relation to preference for sweet taste and body mass index (BMI) are undetermined. MethodsA random sample of 83 patients was interviewed for constipation with the Patient Assessment Constipation Quality of Life (PAC-QOL) questionnaire. They rated taste intensity and reward of sweet, salty, and sour solutions by means of a nine-point Likert scale. Data on their BMI, drugs in urine, methadone dose, and serum levels were analyzed. ResultsForty-two patients reported minimum to severe constipation. They characterized as having longer durations of opioid usage before MMT and worse sleep quality than non-constipated patients (logistic regression). Constipation intensity was inversely correlated with duration in MMT and linearly correlated with the Patient Assessment Constipation Quality of Life score. Patients with constipation rated reward to sweet taste significantly higher with no differences in taste intensity compared to non-constipated patients. Patients with high methadone serum levels (≥750 ng/mL) rated taste intensity significantly lower compared to those with normal methadone serum levels (<750 ng/mL), and the lowest rates were reported among patients with no constipation and high methadone serum levels. ConclusionsConstipation was highly prevalent among MMT patients and associated with poor sleep and lower quality of life. The relation to preference for sweets, as reflected by higher reward rating, strongly supports the need for nutritional intervention to alleviate constipation symptoms and improve quality of life and sleep.

Association between Ultra-Processed Food Consumption and Excess of Weight in Women with Endometrial Cancer

Obesity is one of major risk factor for endometrial cancer, which is the eighth most incident cancer among women in Brazil. The present study aimed to assess any possible associations between ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption and clinical or sociodemographic characteristics of women diagnosed with endometrial cancer. This is a cross-sectional study with women newly diagnosed with endometrial cancer (EC). The study was conducted between December 2016 and January 2020, at a reference center for gynecological cancer treatment. The nutritional status was assessed by measuring anthropometric parameters and food consumption by the food frequency questionnaire. Multiple logistic regression was performed for the dependent variables overweight and obesity. The analyses were considered statistically significant when p < 0,05. The study population consisted of 318 women, with a mean age of 59.1 ± 6.9 years. The average daily energy intake was 2365.13 kcal/day, with 70.48% of energy consumption from fresh or minimally processed foods and 16.95% from UPF. Women above the highest tertile of UPF intake (19.27%) were more likely to be obese (OR: 1.95; 95% CI: 1.12; 3.41, p < 0.01). Having a partner and systemic arterial hypertension was associated with the outcome. The high intake of UPF was associated with obesity, which indicates the need for nutritional intervention in this population.

ID: 3520715 IS BRANCHED-CHAIN AMINO ACID-ENRICHED ENTERAL NUTRITION EFFECTIVE IN THE ENDOSCOPIC THERAPY OF ESOPHAGEAL VARICES IN ELDERLY PATIENTS?

Fasting during the endoscopic therapy of esophageal varices may deteriorate the nutritional statuses of patients with cirrhosis, suggesting the need for nutritional intervention to maintain the hepatic functional reserve.

Dietary and behavior changes following RDN-led corporate wellness counseling: A secondary analysis.

Worksite wellness programs have the ability to activate health promotion and stimulate behavior change. To measure longitudinal associations between visits with a Registered Dietitian Nutritionist (RDN), as part of worksite wellness programs, on dietary and lifestyle behavior changes. The study sample included 1,123 employees with 77 different worksite wellness programs across the United States from March to December 2017. Hierarchical linear modeling was used to evaluate the associations of RDN visits with behavior changes. The mean BMI at baseline was 33.48, indicating over half of all employees are considered obese. Employees who attended more than one visit showed an increase in whole grain consumption and corresponding weight loss (t-ratio = 2.41, p = 0.02). Age played a significant factor in the rise of systolic blood pressure; employees who attended more visits showed an increase in whole grain consumption and corresponding blood pressure (t-ratio = -2.11, p = 0.04). RDNs as part of worksite wellness programs, can contribute to improvements in lifestyle behavior changes. These data highlight the need for nutrition intervention at the workplace. Research on nutrition-focused worksite wellness programs is needed to assess the long-term health outcomes related to dietary and lifestyle behavior changes.

Effect of a Low-Glycemic Load Diet Intervention on Maternal and Pregnancy Outcomes in Obese Pregnant Women.

The increased prevalence of obese, pregnant women who have a higher risk of glucose intolerance warrants the need for nutritional interventions to improve maternal glucose homeostasis. In this study, the effect of a low-glycemic load (GL) (n = 28) was compared to a high-GL (n = 34) dietary intervention during the second half of pregnancy in obese women (body mass index (BMI) > 30 or a body fat >35%). Anthropometric and metabolic parameters were assessed at baseline (20 week) and at 28 and 34 weeks gestation. For the primary outcome 3h-glucose-iAUC (3h-incremental area under the curve), mean between-group differences were non-significant at every study timepoint (p = 0.6, 0.3, and 0.8 at 20, 28, and 34 weeks, respectively) and also assessing the mean change over the study period (p = 0.6). Furthermore, there was no statistically significant difference between the two intervention groups for any of the other examined outcomes (p ≥ 0.07). In the pooled cohort, there was no significant effect of dietary GL on any metabolic or anthropometric outcome (p ≥ 0.2). A post hoc analysis comparing the study women to a cohort of overweight or obese pregnant women who received only routine care showed that the non-study women were more likely to gain excess weight (p = 0.046) and to deliver large-for-gestational-age (LGA) (p = 0.01) or macrosomic (p = 0.006) infants. Thus, a low-GL diet consumed during the last half of pregnancy did not improve pregnancy outcomes in obese women, but in comparison to non-study women, dietary counseling reduced the risk of adverse outcomes.

Malnutrition and nutrition impact symptoms (NIS) in surgical patients with cancer.

Background and aimNutrition impact symptoms (NIS) are common in cancer patients and the negative impacts on nutritional status indicate the need for research, diagnosis and nutritional intervention in order to reduce the risk of malnutrition. We aimed to verify the presence of malnutrition, the need for nutritional intervention, NIS and their influence on the nutritional status of surgical patients with cancer.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was carried out in a public tertiary hospital, from March 2017 to October 2019. Nutritional status, the need for nutritional intervention and NIS were assessed through the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) in the first 48 hours of hospital admission.ResultsAmong the 135 patients evaluated, 55.6% were elderly and 51.1% were male; patients had a median age of 62 years and a predominance of cancer located in the lower gastrointestinal tract (35.6%). Malnutrition and the need for nutritional intervention were identified in 60.0% and 90.4% of cases, respectively. The presence of three or more NIS was reported by 51.9% of patients. Significant differences in NIS were observed according to sex, PG-SGA classification and PG-SGA score. After logistic regression analysis, it was determined that the symptoms that increased the chances of malnutrition were anorexia, constipation, strange taste, mouth sores and others (depression, dental or financial problems).ConclusionMalnutrition, the need for nutritional intervention and the presence of three or more NIS were elevated in the patients evaluated. Malnutrition was associated with the presence of NIS, indicating the need for attention and care in antineoplastic treatment.

Diet Quality and Associations with Food Security among Women Eligible for Indiana Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program-Education

The diet quality among adults receiving nutrition education lessons through Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program-Education (SNAP-Ed) is currently unknown. The objectives of this study were to characterize the diet quality of Indiana SNAP-Ed-eligible women; estimate their mean usual intake of fruits, vegetables, dairy, and whole grains compared to Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) recommendations; and determine if these dietary outcomes differed by food security status. SNAP-Ed paraprofessionals recruited participants from August 2015 to May 2016 for this secondary analysis of cross-sectional data collected as the baseline assessment for a randomized controlled trial. Participants were SNAP-Ed-eligible women aged ≥18 y interested in nutrition education lessons. Dietary outcomes were assessed by one or two 24-h dietary recalls. The Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2010 was used to characterize diet quality. Mean usual intake of food groups was estimated using the National Cancer Institute Method. Food security status was classified using the US Household Food Security Survey Module. Data were analyzed in October 2019. Mean±SEM HEI-2010 total score was 42±0.9 for the study sample. Mean±SE usual intake of servings of fruits (0.61±0.08 cups [144.32 ± 18.93 mL]), vegetables [1.4±0.10 cups (331.2 ± 23.66 mL)], dairy [1.5±0.11 cups (354.88 ± 26.02 mL)], and whole grains [0.48±0.06 ounces (13.61 ± 1.70 g)] did not differ by food security subgroup. Mean HEI-2010 total score was significantly higher by 4.8±2.0 points for the food-secure than for the food-insecure subgroup (P=0.01). Mean HEI-2010 component scores were 1.1±0.5 points higher for whole grain (P=0.01) and 1.0±0.5 points higher for dairy (P=0.05) in the food-secure than in the food-insecure subgroup. The proportions of the study sample not meeting the DGA recommendations for food group intake were ≥85% for both food-secure and -insecure subgroups. Indiana SNAP-Ed-eligible women reported poor diet quality, highlighting their need for nutrition interventions aiming to improve food security and diet as per DGA recommendations in low-income populations.

P119 Examining Predictors for Diet Quality: A Needs Assessment of Rural Versus Urban Older Adults

<h3>Background</h3> Diet and lifestyle are vital in maintaining good health and independence for older adults. Older adults living in rural areas are at risk for chronic disease, poor diet quality, and limited accessibility to healthy foods, compared to their urban counterparts. <h3>Objective</h3> To assess rural and urban older adults' diet quality, food insecurity, and self-efficacy for overcoming barriers to making informed nutrition-related decisions. <h3>Study Design, Setting, Participants</h3> From April-August 2019, a cross-sectional design was used to administer a self-reported survey to adults ≥50 years, in Maryland, participating at senior/community sites. Using convenience sampling, 475 participants (Urban, n = 215; Rural n = 260) were recruited prior to a nutrition education program (44 sites, 19 counties). <h3>Measurable Outcome/Analysis</h3> Participants completed a self-administered survey (41 items). Measurable constructs included diet quality assessed by the validated Dietary Screening Tool (DST), which evaluates nutritional risk in older adults. Perceived self-efficacy for healthy eating behaviors, food insecurity, and sociodemographic factors were also measured. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 24.0 (t-test, chi-square, and multiple linear regression). <h3>Results</h3> Participants were predominantly women (83.6%), white (54.0%), who lived alone (53.6%), with a median age of 74.5 (SD ± 8.5), and reported their health as somewhat good/very good (53.1%). Those in rural areas had significantly lower DST scores (<i>P</i> = .024), higher average number of chronic diseases (<i>P</i> = .004), and lower self-efficacy for changing health behaviors (<i>P</i> = .001) compared to urban/suburban counterparts. After controlling for other variables, rural and urban dwelling was not a significant predictor of diet quality. However, DST scores were significant predictors of food insecurity (B = −3.097, <i>P</i> < .05) and perceived self-efficacy (B = 1.145, <i>P</i> < .001) among older adults. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Although previous research reported rural dwellers were more at risk for poor diet quality than urban dwellers, our findings did not support this. However, our results did support the need for nutrition interventions addressing food insecurity and barriers to self-efficacy for improving diet quality of all older adults.

Association between gestational weight gain and birth weight: NISAMI Cohort

Abstract Objectives: this study aims to evaluate the association between gestational weight gain and the weight of newborns from one municipality in Recôncavo Baiano region. Methods: this is a prospective cohort (NISAMI Cohort), conducted with 185 pregnant women living in the urban area of the municipality of Santo Antônio de Jesus, using the prenatal service of the Family Health Units, between April 2012 and June 2013. The pregestationalBMI and the third trimester of pregnancy were used to assess maternal anthropometric status.Birth weight data were collected from the Epidemiological Surveillance of the municipality. Stata 12.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate to assess the association. Results: among the 185 women evaluated, 33.5% presented inadequate weight gain during pregnancy. The prevalence of inadequate birth weight was 20% (birth weight ≤ 2.999g and ≥ 4.000 g). It was observed that inadequate weight gain during pregnancy is considered an embarrassing factor for birth weight (OR= 2.6; CI95%= 1.5-3.5); adjusted for the following variables: alcohol consumption, duration of pregnancy, and gestational complications. Conclusion: the research results suggest that weight gain throughout pregnancy influences the weight of the conceptus, indicating the need for nutritional interventions in all trimesters of pregnancy, promoting a healthy weight gain throughout the gestational cycle.

Social inequalities in low birthweight outcomes in Sri Lanka: evidence from the Demographic and Health Survey 2016

ObjectiveTo investigate social inequalities underlying low birthweight (LBW) outcomes in Sri Lanka.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingThis study used the Sri Lanka Demographic and Health Survey 2016, the first such survey to cover the...

Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages in patients with established atherosclerosis disease.

This study investigated the association between consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and anthropometric and biochemical variables in a cross-sectional study conducted with secondary data from the first visit of the randomized clinical trial of the Brazilian Cardioprotective Nutritional Program (BALANCE Program) (2013-2014). Weight, height, waist circumference, lipid profile and fasting glycemia and a 24-hour diet recall were collected. Differences between consumption and non-consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages were evaluated by Student's t-test. The Chi-square test was employed to analyze the association between consumption and non-consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and biochemical and anthropometric factors. The sample consisted of 2,172 individuals, mostly men (58.5%), elderly (63.6%), C-rated economic class (57.3%), and overweight (62.7%). A statistically significant difference was found between the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and higher BMI values (p=0.029), waist circumference (p=0.004) and triglycerides (p=0.023). These results emphasize the need for nutritional intervention regarding the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages as part of the dietary treatment of this population.

Maternal coffee intake and the risk of bleeding in early pregnancy: a cross-sectional analysis

BackgroundCaffeine can easily cross the placenta, and maternal caffeine intake, thus, has an effect on fetal growth. However, it is still unclear whether coffee consumption is an independent risk factor for bleeding in early pregnancy. The objective of this study was to examine the association between pre-pregnancy coffee consumption patterns and the risk of bleeding in early pregnancy.MethodsA cross-sectional analysis was conducted among 3510 pregnant women from the Korean Pregnancy Outcome Study who underwent baseline examination and for whom the results of the pregnancy were available. Coffee consumption patterns before pregnancy were examined using a questionnaire. The participants were classified according to the frequency of coffee consumption into seldom (< 1 cup/week), light (< 1 cup/day), moderate (1 cup/day), and heavy coffee drinker (≥2 cups/day) groups. Bleeding in early pregnancy was defined as the occurrence of vaginal bleeding in the first 20 weeks of pregnancy. Multiple logistic regression models were applied to examine the association between pre-pregnancy coffee consumption and the risk of bleeding in early pregnancy, after adjusting for age, body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure, cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption behavior, previous and current physical activity levels, stress levels, history of depression, antenatal depressive symptoms during the first trimester, type of emesis, parity, and the number of livebirths, stillbirths, miscarriages, and abortions.ResultsWomen who were light, moderate, and heavy coffee drinkers before pregnancy had adjusted ORs of 1.086, 1.225, and 1.358, respectively, for bleeding in early pregnancy. In a fully adjusted model, heavy coffee drinkers showed a significantly higher risk of bleeding in early pregnancy, even in women aged 35 years and younger (OR 1.680) and in those with a normal body mass index (OR 1.389), who were at relatively low risk for pregnancy-related complications.ConclusionsOur results showed that heavy coffee drinking was independently associated with a higher risk of bleeding in early pregnancy among pregnant Korean women, suggesting that caffeine intake before conception and during pregnancy should be reduced. Our study highlights the need for nutritional interventions for healthy coffee drinking among pregnant women in Korea.

P019 OPTIMIZING NUTRITION RISK SCREENING AND FOLLOW-UP NUTRITION COUNSELING IN AN OUTPATIENT INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE POPULATION

Abstract Background As management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) advances, the outpatient (OP) population is shifting its fears from risks of malnutrition to those associated with over-nutrition and under-nutrition, lack of diet education, access to resources, mental health implications, and socioeconomic status. Failure to identify a patient at nutrition risk could lead to increased costs of care which can be avoided by proper nutrition screening and counseling with a Registered Dietitian (RD). The integration of nutrition counseling into the interdisciplinary care model for patients with IBD needs to be optimized to identify a broader range of risks to nutrition status in an efficient and objective format that can be applied universally in the OP IBD setting. Aims This study 1) explores a novel approach to nutrition risk screening within the OP IBD setting using an interdisciplinary team approach; and 2) evaluates correlations between an objective scoring method for biological and psychosocial risk with nutrition risk scores reported by an RD. Methods Two objective nutrition risk scoring methods were developed to capture biological (NUTR-OBJ) and lifestyle (NUTR-WELL) nutrition factors on a 0–6 scale (low-severe risk). Scores were determined using review of the electronic health record and a screening tool provided to patients. These scores were compared to the previously established IBD Biopsychosocial Complexity Grid, a tool which organizes this health information into biological and psychological domains and serves as the basis for algorithm-driven treatment plans within an IBD Medical Home. Results Data from 44 patients (mean age:35.2 years;47.7% female;56.8% Crohn’s Disease) were included in this study. BMI ranged from 18.08 to 37.92 kg/m2. BIO-C-PRO (mean=1.95,SD 1.86) and BIO-C-OBJ (mean 1.59, SD 1.76) indicate mild overall disease risk within our sample. NUTR-OBJ scores (mean=2.39, SD 1.28) showed no significant correlations with biological (BIO-C-PRO/OBJ) or psychosocial (PSY-C/H;SOC-SES;MI-C) scores. NUTR-WELL (mean=1.98,SD 1.36) showed strong positive correlations with PSY-C (r=.326, p&amp;lt;.05), PSY-H (r=.386,p&amp;lt;.01), SOC-SES (r=.306,p&amp;lt;.05), and MI-C (r=.473,p&amp;lt;.01). Discussion This study indicates a significant correlation between NUTR-WELL scores and psychosocial scores, suggesting validity for this nutrition screening tool to determine behaviors that may increase nutrition risk. Poor correlations between NUTR-OBJ and biological scores suggests that the need for nutrition intervention may not always be indicated by disease severity. This scoring system can potentially serve as a guide to maximize efficiency of follow-up appointments with an RD and avoid complications of care related to poor nutrition status that may be unidentified by disease risk alone. Further research is needed to confirm findings and extend to a larger sample.

Estado nutricional e consumo alimentar de pacientes em tratamento de câncer

Introduction: Cancer is a disease that causes, annually, 8 million deaths worldwide. The treatment and the disease itself have several adverse effects, which can considerably influence the nutritional status and food intake of the patient. Metabolic, morphological and functional alterations can make the oncologic patient more susceptible to the onset of malnutrition. The assessment of nutritional status and dietary intake are essential for an improvement in the clinical condition of the oncologic patient. The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritional status and dietary intake of cancer patients treated at a private clinic at the Federal District. Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study, carried out at the center of Cancer of Brasília (Cettro), from March to May 2019. The sample consisted of 45 patients diagnosed with cancer, adults and elderly of both sexes, aged 20 years or more, on oncological treatment independent of cancer type. Data were collected from the nutritional assessment carried out by the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) and body mass index (BMI), an adapted questionnaire for food consumption, from the Brazilian Department of Health, and from consultation to patients’ records. The statistical analysis was performed descriptively by means of percentage and frequencies. Results: Malnutrition and the need for nutritional intervention were found in 49% of the oncologic patients by the PG-SGA. Inadequacy was observed regarding the food intake of these patients, especially in relation to fruits, milk and dairy products and meats. Conclusion: The results indicate that the analyzed patients presented some degree of malnutrition and inadequate food intake, thus requiring nutritional monitoring and intervention to improve their prognosis.

Nutritional status and cardiovascular risk in women with breast cancer

Objective: To evaluate the nutritional status and the cardiovascular risk in women with breast cancer and identify factors associated with excessive body weight. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional, quantitative study was carried out in an oncology outpatient clinic and, gynecology/oncology wards at the Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, from March to August 2019. The data analyzed was related to sociodemographic, gynecologic, clinic, anthropometric and lifestyle factors. Nutritional status was assessed using Body Mass Index, considering excessive body weight when &gt; 25 kg/m2 for adults and &gt; 27 kg/m2 for elderly. Obesity was considered &gt; 30 kg/m2. Cardiovascular risk was defined by waist circumference (≥ 80 cm), neck circumference (≥ 34 cm) and waist-to-height ratio (&gt; 0.5). Results: A total of 46 patients were included, with a mean age of 51.9 years, and the majority in outpatient follow-up. The population was mostly Caucasian women, who were married or in a civil union, who had had at least one pregnancy, were in menopause, and were sedentary. High frequencies of excessive body weight (76.1%) and obesity (43.5%) were observed, and anthropometric parameters revealed an elevated frequency of cardiovascular risk in this population, waist circumference (97.8%), neck circumference (84.8%), and waist-to-height ratio (95.7%). Unemployment (p = 0.020), and waist (p = 0.001) and neck (p = 0.001) circumferences were statistically associated factors to excessive body weight. Conclusions: The anthropometric profile of women with breast cancer indicated excess body weight and elevated cardiovascular risk, which suggests to the need for nutrition intervention and follow-up after the diagnosis.

Disease Activity, Functional Ability and Nutritional Status in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: An Observational Study in Greece.

Aim:The aim of the present pilot study was to assess differences in the nutritional status, Mediterranean diet (MD) adherence, and functional ability among patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), according to disease activity.Methods:A total of 48 patients with RA, outpatients of a hospital in Athens, Greece were recruited. Disease activity was evaluated with DAS28, functional status with the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), MD adherence with the MedDietScore and malnutrition with the patient-generated subjective global assessment (PG-SGA).Results:A relationship was noted between DAS28 and HAQ, indicating a reduced functional status with increased RA activity. Although MD adherence differed between DAS28 categories, no specific differences were noted in the PG-SGA or the MedDietScore in the post-hoc analyses. According to the PG-SGA, no need for nutritional intervention was noted among participants.Conclusions:The origin of the participants might have reduced the differences between MD adherence and DAS28. In parallel, the PG-SGA does not appear sensitive in detecting muscle-related malnutrition among patients with RA.

Association of Adductor Pollicis Muscle Thickness and Handgrip Strength with nutritional status in cancer patients.

Background and aimMalnutrition is common in patients with cancer, and its early diagnosis can reduce or prevent further complications and improve the clinical and nutritional prognosis. Adductor Pollicis Muscle Thickness (APMT) and Handgrip Strength have been explored in this population to identify a reduction in strength and muscle mass prior to the use of conventional methods. We aimed to correlate APMT and Handgrip Strength with conventional anthropometric variables in cancer patients and verify their association with nutritional status as determined by the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA).MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted with 80 patients diagnosed with cancer who were candidates for surgery. Nutritional status was obtained from the PG-SGA. Conventional anthropometric measurements were taken, as well as APMT and Handgrip Strength. Pearson’s correlation analysis and multivariate linear regression were applied to detect the influence of variables on APMT and HGS. A significance level of 5.0% was considered.ResultsA high prevalence of malnutrition and the need for dietotherapic intervention was found, identified by the PG-SGA. Correlations between APMT and Handgrip Strength with anthropometric variables and with the PG-SGA score were observed. After regression adjustments, the variables that interacted with APMT were TSF and AC, and the PG-SGA score, corrected Muscle Arm Area (CAMA), and age interacted with Handgrip Strength.ConclusionCorrelations between anthropometric measurements and the PG-SGA score with APMT and Handgrip Strength were observed, even after adjusting for age and sex. These associations demonstrate that APMT and Handgrip Strength can be used with criterion in patients with cancer as complementary methods to evaluate nutritional risk and the need for nutritional intervention.

Analytic Module to Improve Nutrition Screening for Children Under-five Years at Maternal and Child Health (MCH) Facilities

Background: For years, we have been witnessing malnutrition taking the life of almost half of all children under-five years in the world. Additionally, malnutrition has many effects on individuals including mortality and disability, which are temporary ones, and low intellectual ability and low productive performance, which are permanent. National and international organizations have been struggling to combat malnutrition and its effects. Identification of malnourished children and the provision of proper treatment thereafter are important to steps be taken. Various nutrition screening and assessment tools have been developed and are used to facilitate the process of identifying malnourished children. Most tools are developed for specific purposes such as identifying nutritional status or to identify the need for nutrition intervention, and for a specific setting such as community, hospital or home care. Due to the diverse nature of nutrition screening, there has been an unnecessary struggle to develop nutrition screening tools for individual communities. In this paper, we propose and design a generic but reliable and effective nutrition screening system for performing nutrition screening and establish extent. Method: Unified Modelling Language were used for system analysis and design. PhP and MySQL were used for system development. Results: In this paper, the design of the nutrition screening system is described. The system will facilitate nutrition screening and assessment. Nutrition screening and assessment are very essential processes for effective malnutrition management. The design combines nutrition screening and assessment because it is of advantage to have a nutrition screening process combined with nutrition assessment process as it enables identification of not only malnutrition or potential malnutrition risk but also evaluation of nutritional status. Conclusion: When used this system will quicken and perfect nutrition screening process, improve the productivity of nurses, and enhance utilization of anthropometric and other clinical data.

Cardiometabolic Profile after Pediatric Cancer Treatment: Insight into HDL Composition and Nutritional Intake

Few studies have investigated the impact of pediatric cancer treatment on cardiometabolic health, although chemotherapy in children can cause rapid weight gain, transient hypertension, elevated blood glucose and hyperlipidemia. Besides, we have previously shown that young survivors of childhood leukemia are at increased risk of having the metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia, hypertension and altered high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) composition. This study aims to examine the cardiometabolic profile of children after cancer treatment in relation to their diet, as well as HDL2 and HDL3 composition.MethodsPatients were recruited at Sainte‐Justine University Health Center in Montreal as part of the VIE Program (Valorization, Implication, Education). Fasting blood samples were collected and we assessed participants' anthropometric, metabolic, and biochemical profiles. Three day food records were used to evaluate dietary intake. HDL2 and HDL3 fractions were isolated from plasma by ultracentrifugation, and total protein and lipids were measured by colorimetric reactions.ResultsTo date, 63 patients (44.4% boys) were recruited. Mean age was 11.7 ± 5.6 years and 46.0% were treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The time elapsed since the last treatment was 17.0 ± 9.7 months. We found that 25.4% of participants (n=16/63) had hypertension, 22.2% (n=14/63) were obese and 8.9% (n=5/56) were insulin resistant. One third of patients had dyslipidemia (n=21/63), a risk that was increased by age (OR: 1.31, 95%CI: 1.16–1.50, P&lt;0.01). Patients over 10 years old had insufficient intakes of several nutrients (vitamins A and E, folate, magnesium, zinc). Compared to healthy children, the proportion of esterified cholesterol in HDL2 was lower (18.6 ± 1.2% vs. 11.9 ± 1.4%, P&lt;0.01), but protein content was higher (41.1 ± 1.6% vs. 48.8 ± 1.0, P&lt;0.01). The proportion of esterified cholesterol was also lower in HDL3 fractions of patients treated for cancer (12.6 ± 1.3% vs. 10.1 ± 0.7%, P&lt;0.01).ConclusionThese results indicate cardiometabolic disturbances and anomalies in HDL composition in children shortly after cancer treatment. They emphasize the need for nutritional interventions in this high‐risk population.Support or Funding InformationThis work is funded by The Foundation Centre de cancérologie Charles‐Bruneau and The Joy of Eating Better Foundation and the CHU Sainte‐Justine Foundation.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.