Need For Housing Research Articles

Socio-spatial insights into evictions governance and tenant movements during the COVID-19 pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic and related economic effects have served to thrust rental housing insecurity into the public spotlight. Documenting the extent of pandemic displacement in the City of Ottawa and province of Ontario, Canada, this article provides insight on evictions governance, urban marginality, and social struggle. The socio-legal developments surrounding pandemic evictions offer a compelling case in which to analyze the governance of urban marginality in its various intricacies. During the pandemic, the Ontario government passed legislation to protect tenants from eviction, yet also passed legislation that criminalized tenants organizing against evictions. Tenants engaged in informal actions to stop evictions were met with the threat of formal legal sanctions; evictions moratoria—as a mechanism of care—were coupled with punitive forms of urban marginality governance, such as through evictions tribunals and the criminalization of dissent. Using a mixed-methods approach, we temporally and spatially map the scale and measure the impact of pre- and post-pandemic evictions—documenting that evictions tend to occur in areas with high core housing need and racialized neighbourhoods. We also examine the emergence of new social movements to fight displacement and assess the varied government and landlord responses—including evictions moratoria, tribunal eviction blocks, and the criminalization of tenant organizing.

Socio-cultural transformations in modernity and household patterns: a study on local traditions housing and the impact and evolution of vernacular architecture in Yazd, Iran

The study investigates the impact of vernacular architecture in Yazd, Iran, focusing on traditional housing and its influence on the socio-physical aspects of homes. The central challenge lies in balancing cultural heritage preservation with the need for modern housing that promotes environmental sustainability and social well-being. Employing a qualitative approach, the study compares four historical houses to four modern homes in Yazd city. Its novelty lies in highlighting the importance of incorporating traditional elements into new developments. The research offers practical recommendations for achieving compatibility between house form and lifestyle, designing spaces for communication and social contact, and integrating cultural continuity with change. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of considering architectural elements and environmental conditions during residential unit design and planning. The study reveals the negative effects of modernization on residential transformation, particularly in historical areas where rapid construction neglects cultural heritage. It recommends incorporating traditional architectural elements while adapting to current needs to achieve sustainable urban living. This contribution to the discourse on urban development provides nuanced insights into the complex dynamics shaping residential landscapes in the modern era. The study's findings suggest that traditional houses offer essential benefits often missing in modern homes, such as improved well-being, privacy, stability, and a stronger sense of community. This can lead to feelings of alienation, physical discontinuity, and socio-economic inequality in modern developments. The study concludes by recommending a reevaluation of housing dynamics and emphasizes the need for further research comparing traditional and modern houses.

Kepemilikan Rumah Hunian Oleh Orang Asing Diatas Hak Milik

The need for residential housing for foreigners who reside is a basic right that should be considered. Foreigners who have competencies in the field of tourism, managers, and other expertise for the Indonesian state are very realistic because the knowledge of foreigners' work skills for progress is mostly owned by foreigners. Indonesia as a country that will lead to progress is in dire need of knowledge and skills in various fields of technology, management and increasing resources both human and natural resources. The research method is carried out with the type of normative legal research method, with the source of primary legal material Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 103 of 2015 concerning Ownership of Residential Houses or Occupancy by Foreigners Residing in Indonesia, and other laws and regulations related to the issues discussed. While secondary legal materials are library books, journal articles on line journal system, scientific papers, and reviews in the mass media and others. The results of the study indicate that there is conformity between the Republic of Indonesia Government Regulation Number 103 and the Republic of Indonesia Government Regulation in Article 4 letter a and number 1 of Number 10 of 1996 concerning Cultivation Rights, Building Rights and Land Rights Article 39 letter e and land objects Article 40 letter c, as well as the Republic of Indonesia Government Regulation Number 18 of 2021 concerning Land Management Rights, Land Rights, Flat Housing Units and Land Registration Article 49 paragraph (1).

ARCHITECTURAL ASPECTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF A MANOR HOUSE

During the war, there was an urgent need for new housing in the liberated territories and throughout Ukraine. Most of the funds and investments have been allocated for the reconstruction of private houses. To date, hundreds of families have received the keys to a new house in the communities of Irpen, Gostomel, Buchi. The work is aimed at considering the architectural aspects of the reconstructed housing: area, shape, style. The advantages and disadvantages of various types of reconstructed manor houses are revealed. The main technologies for the construction of manor houses during reconstruction are considered. The importance of taking into account the means of architectural composition in the design of private housing is emphasized. This article can help architects and builders determine the main directions for the reconstruction of manor houses.

Relation between renovation and space density of small-type house in a row house pattern

Small type houses answer the need for residential housing in sub-urban areas. The increasing price of land and the affordability of buyers has encouraged the production of small type residential houses to increase. Small type residential houses have a land area of ≥ 90 m2 and a building area of ≥ 36 m2. However, small type residential houses do not fully answer space needs. Small residential houses tend to undergo renovation to meet space needs. This research uses quantitative descriptive methods. This research aims to formulate a pattern for renovating small residential houses using the case study of the Jasmine Cluster, Sawangan, Depok. This research is necessary considering that during the pandemic, homes are the safest areas for quarantine and as a means of self-isolation for those who are infected. The pandemic event has become a valuable lesson, especially for getting a healthy home. Efforts to fill the space in small type houses in the Jasmine Cluster are carried out by renovating the houses vertically and horizontally. The development was carried out because the existing space does not meet needs. Factors that influence the development of this residence are the number of family members and other rooms that are not provided by developers of small type residences. The density levels before and after renovation show significant changes, and become alternative solutions (quarantine and isolation) as a response to future pandemics.

Implementation of Surakarta City Regional Regulation Number 7 of 2023 towards Fulfillment of the Rights to Housing and Settlement Areas in Surakarta City

This study aims to determine and analyze the implementation of Surakarta City Regional Regulation Number 7 of 2023 concerning the Implementation of Housing and Settlement Areas and to determine and analyze the challenges and obstacles faced by the Surakarta City Government in fulfilling the right to housing and settlement areas in Surakarta City. The research method used is a non-doctrinal research method or empirical research using descriptive research. The approach used is a qualitative approach. The types of data used are primary and secondary data. Primary data collection techniques through interviews with related parties to examine the problems that occur while secondary data through literature studies in the form of official documents or books. The results showed that the implementation of Surakarta City Regional Regulation Number 7 of 2023 concerning the Implementation of Housing and Settlement Areas has not fully reflected the fulfillment of the right to housing and residential areas as evidenced by the fact that there are still illegal settlements whose ownership legality is still not guaranteed. The cause of the unfulfillment of the right to housing and residential areas is the limited land in Surakarta City which is increasingly limited while the need for housing is increasing and the price of land is increasing as well as the limited budget of the Surakarta City Government to meet the housing needs of residents who are still affected by illegal settlements and residents' awareness of maintaining settlements so that they do not return to slums after the instrument from the government. Therefore, there needs to be a deep seriousness given by the Surakarta City Government regarding the implementation of Surakarta City Regional Regulation Number 7 of 2023 concerning the Implementation of Housing and Settlement Areas in order to uphold the fulfillment of rights for low-income people and people affected by illegal settlements.

Implementation Of Green Economy In Apartment Building In Surabaya

Approach to urban green economy to apartment buildings. Surabaya is the largestmetropolitan city in East Java Province and the capital of the province. By population, it isthe second largest city in Indonesia after Jakarta. According to data from the Surabaya CityCentral Statistics Office (BPS), Surabaya's population is currently growing rapidly, and isexpected to have more than 2 million residents by 2021. With faster population growth, theactivity population also becomes more productive. Aside from growing populationactivities, the need for housing is also growing and is becoming a problem, especially inurban areas. The high cost of land and the shrinking number of vacant lots make it hard forimmigrants and local communities to buy houses or land in Surabaya. Therefore, a verticalhousing concept or apartment is needed to solve the expensive and difficult problem ofempty land in Surabaya. The concept of green city development emerged as a result of thisproblem. A network or system of urban green building uses nature to reduce or cope withurban issues and climate change.

Land cover change analysis in Majalengka Regency using the pan-sharpening method and random forest machine learning algorithm

The ever-increasing population has accelerated the need for housing and supporting facilities. Further, this growing number of residences and life support facilities resulted in changes in land cover. For instance, the construction of the West Java International Airport and the increase in the population resulted in land cover changes in Majalengka Regency, Indonesia. This study aims to analyze changes in land cover during 2014, 2018, and 2022 in the Majalengka district using Landsat 8 satellite imagery. We used the pan-sharpening research method, while for the closure classification, we used machine-learning random forest algorithms on the google earth engine platform. The land cover classification classes adopted in this study were natural vegetation, cultivated vegetation, open land, built-up land, and bodies of water. The obtained land cover classification results suggested overall accuracy values of 0.96, 0.94, and 0.93 in 2014, 2018, and 2022 respectively, with kappa index values of 0.950, 0.925, and 0.91667. The results indicate a trend of changes in the land cover in the Majalengka district. From 2014-2022, the trend of increasing land cover area was observed in open land and built-up land, while the decreasing land cover area was found in natural vegetation and cultivated vegetation areas. Using both the pan-sharpening method and the machine learning random forest algorithm, we established images with a more detailed appearance with an outstanding kappa accuracy value (above 0.85). Therefore, the developed algorithm can be used in land cover change mapping analysis.

Identifying 2SLGBTQ+ individuals experiencing homelessness using Point-in-Time counts: Evidence from the 2021 Toronto Street Needs Assessment survey.

The objective of this study was to utilize the data generated by the City of Toronto, Street Needs Assessment conducted in 2021 to explore the prevalence, causes, experiences, and characteristics of 2-spirit, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and questioning (2SLGBTQ+) individuals experiencing homelessness in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Data was collected by the City of Toronto during its Street Needs Assessment in April 2021. The Street Needs Assessment is a needs assessment survey and Point-in-Time count of people experiencing homelessness across the city of Toronto. Homelessness included any individual who was sleeping outdoors or staying in City-administered emergency/transitional shelters and shelter motels/hotels on the night of data collection. The Street Needs Assessment survey was administered to clients by trained shelter and outreach staff using a computer or mobile device. To ensure that survey questions were 2SLGBTQ+ inclusive, questions on sexual orientation, gender identity, and 2SLGBTQ+ identity were included in the survey. Two hundred and eighty-eight 2SLGBTQ+ individuals completed the survey. Compared to non-2SLGBTQ+ individuals experiencing homelessness, 2SLGBTQ+ respondents were younger at the time of survey completion and when they first experienced homelessness, were more likely to have been in foster care or a group home, reported higher rates of conflict with and/or abuse by a parent/guardian as their main pathway into homelessness, and were more likely to experience chronic homelessness. Our study results demonstrate that Street Needs Assessments and Point-in-Time counts can be used to examine homelessness in marginalized populations, including 2SLGBTQ+ individuals and that sexual orientation and gender identity questions need to be included on future government surveys. The consistency of findings from this study and previous research suggests that 2SLGBTQ+ individuals experience a significant need for population-based housing and social support services aimed at meeting the needs of 2SLGBTQ+ populations.

Analysis of Consumer Considerations Regarding Disaster Risk in Making Residential Choice Decisions in Padang City

Considering that the city of Padang is the capital city of West Sumatra province which apart from being the center of government, is also the center for economic activities, education, trade and other informal sectors, the need for housing for the community needs attention. Because proper housing is a basic need for humans to carry out life and daily activities. The geographical condition of the city of Padang is in the area along the earthquake path following the 6,500 km subduction zone to the west of Sumatra Island. Apart from earthquakes, there are many disasters that have the potential to occur in the city of Padang such as tsunamis, landslides, floods, flash floods, tornadoes, and others. These potential disasters must be considered by consumers in making decisions in choosing housing that is appropriate and has a small disaster risk. The purpose of this research is to identify the reasons for consumers in making decisions about choosing housing in the city of Padang and also to analyze consumer considerations regarding disaster risk in making decisions about choosing housing in the city of Padang. The study was conducted on 60 respondents with 33 indicators which were divided into six general variables, namely price, location, building architecture, ease of transportation, environmental facilities and infrastructure and psychology then two disaster risk variables, namely disaster-free locations and building structures. In this study, the most influential variables in consumer decision making in choosing housing in the city of Padang sequentially were disaster-free locations, building structures, building architecture, environmental facilities and infrastructure, psychology, price, location and ease of transportation. And also the six general variables regarding consumer considerations in making decisions on choosing housing in Padang City simultaneously or as a whole have an influence on the two disaster risk variables studied, namely disaster-free locations and building structures.

Investigation of groundwater availability and geoelectric analysis to anticipate the scarcity of clean water in urban areas

The need for housing makes suburban areas of Jakarta such as Tangerang Regency, Indonesia, a location that continues to grow. AG Housing is a developer in the area that continues to build housing. In housing development, it is very important to pay attention to the magnitude of water needs, both domestic water needs and non-domestic water needs. A problem that often occurs is that housing developers do not take into account the long-term water needs of their residents, especially in water-scarce areas. Developers often do not check the condition and location of water content in the soil, resulting in water drilling being inefficient and wasteful. The aim of this research is to predict the clean water needs of residents of a housing complex and assess the condition of the water supply below the ground surface using the properties of electric current by flowing DC electric current. The method used in this research is a survey method and geoelectric analysis. This approach involves harnessing the characteristics of electrical current and directing it into the earth. Geoelectric measurements took a sample of 19 Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) measurement points with North South and East West trajectories in the area. The research results show that there will be an increase in population and an increase in water demand in TA Housing in the next 20 years. Geoelectrical analysis shows the type of soil and rock below the ground surface that will be used as a housing location. Geoelectric testing showed 8 potential points as drilled well locations with a sand layer thickness of between 36.26 m – 62.28 m, while the depth from the ground surface was between 1.01 m – 70.00 m.

Pigs in Transplantation Research and Their Potential as Sources of Organs in Clinical Xenotransplantation.

The pig has long been used as a research animal and has now gained importance as a potential source of organs for clinical xenotransplantation. When an organ from a wild-type (i. e., genetically unmodified) pig is transplanted into an immunosuppressed nonhuman primate, a vigorous host immune response causes hyperacute rejection (within minutes or hours). This response has been largely overcome by 1) extensive gene editing of the organ-source pig and 2) the administration to the recipient of novel immunosuppressive therapy based on blockade of the CD40/CD154 T cell costimulation pathway. Gene editing has consisted of 1) deletion of expression of the 3 known carbohydrate xenoantigens against which humans have natural (preformed) antibodies and 2) the introduction of human 'protective' genes. The combination of gene editing and novel immunosuppressive therapy has extended life-supporting pig kidney graft survival to greater than 1 y and of pig heart survival to up to 9 mo. This review briefly describes the techniques of gene editing, the potential risks of transfer of porcine endogenous retroviruses with the organ, and the need for breeding and housing of donor pigs under biosecure conditions.

Addressing the need for both affordable and sustainable housing: a policy analysis on avoiding environmental gentrification

This article focuses on the threat of environmental gentrification in Binghamton and the surrounding municipalities. Given certain risks, including an increasing temporary student renter population, increasing rent prices, high population of renters overall and the need for updates to the housing stock, this area of Broome County is at high risk for environmental gentrification if clean energy upgrades to the housing stock are aggressively pursued. Since clean energy upgrades such as weatherization and clean technology installation will create safer housing and reduce residential greenhouse gas emissions, it is desirable to pursue them. Thus, this article will analyze four policy alternatives on their ability to facilitate the implementation of clean energy upgrades while also mitigating green gentrification. It will find that synthesizing the work of local land trusts and housing organizations with efforts to implement clean energy upgrades will best accomplish this.

Analisis Kelayakan Investasi pada Proyek Perumahan Sederhana Tipe 31/60 M2

The need for housing is increasing along with the rate of population growth. Simple livable housing is an option for low-income communities in accordance with the regional minimum wage. In making investments to make housing requires a feasibility analysis so that it can assess in accordance with the company's financial capabilities so that the company does not experience losses and make profits after investing large enough funds. This study aims to analyze the feasibility of investing in the MPR 2 Type 31/60 m2 simple housing development project in the Semarang Regency area which is viewed from a financial perspective using the Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Payback Period (PP), and Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) methods. Based on the research that has been done, it can be concluded in terms of the feasibility of investing in the construction of subsidized houses type 31/60 in MPR 2 housing is feasible. This can be seen from the results of the analysis with the positive NPV method of Rp.127,933,335.12 > 1, the results of the analysis with the IRR method of 9.79% > 5% (MARR), the results of the analysis with the PP method, it shows that the period of return on investment occurs for 1 year 4 days, and the results of the analysis with the BCR method of 1.018 > 1.

INTERNATIONAL VIEWS ON HOUSING RELATIONS IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN

This article discusses current issues related to international views on housing relations in Kazakhstan. This topic is quite relevant because housing is a fundamental human right recognized by the United Nations, and all countries have an obligation to ensure their citizens have access to adequate housing. The Constitution of the Republic, the country’s housing legislation and international acts elevate housing to the rank of a vital value, establish the obligations of the state and the rights of citizens in this area that determine their content. These measures are aimed at creating conditions that guarantee an adequate level of housing provision, including through state support for citizens in particular need of housing. An analysis of the current legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan and international documents allows the author to draw a reasoned conclusion about the need to take a number of measures to improve the quality of housing in Kazakhstan, in accordance with international standards. An international perspective on housing law in Kazakhstan can provide valuable insight into the strengths and weaknesses of our country’s housing legal framework, as well as opportunities for cross-border cooperation and learning. Keywords: housing, housing relations, human rights, housing legislation, international standards.

3D printing earth: Local, circular material processing, fabrication methods, and Life Cycle Assessment

Additive manufacturing with earth is an emerging, though largely uncharacterized, approach to fabricating low embodied carbon structures. It is critical to establish methods for processing 3D printed, locally sourced earthen materials in different environments to validate large-scale earthen additive manufacturing as a tool to address a growing global need for housing and climate-resilient architecture. We present a set of reproducible design guidelines for sourcing, processing, and characterizing locally sourced earthen materials. Soil type, moisture and fiber content, particle size distribution, and unconfined compressive strength are determined. Additionally, novel bridging, cantilevering, and hydrostatic pressure (formwork) testing methods are developed to link design constraints for full-scale printed structures to material characteristics. Modular and conformally printed full-scale wall prototypes are printed with a 6-axis robotic system. A Life Cycle Assessment of the prototypical earth printing system is conducted, establishing a point of comparison to the climate impact of other construction systems, including rammed earth, concrete masonry units, and 3D printed mortar. We demonstrate that printing highly functional building elements with repeatable mechanical characteristics is possible using locally sourced earth mixtures. By illustrating a range of reproducible material and geometric possibilities, we expand the design space of additive earth and its applications.

Developing a data-driven filament shape prediction model for 3D concrete printing

With the growing global need for housing and infrastructure, 3D concrete printing (3DCP) has emerged as an innovative construction method offering several potential benefits including design flexibility, speed, and sustainability. However, enhancing the reliability of 3DCP involves managing a variety of parameters that influence various aspects of the 3D printed structure. Process parameters like nozzle velocity, nozzle diameter, nozzle height, and material flow velocity have a major impact on the structural stability and filament shape. This project aimed to develop fast and accurate data-driven models for predicting and classifying filament shape based on process parameters. A print experiment systematically varied process parameters across 144 samples. The resulting filament geometry (width, height, contact width) was measured and classified by quality. Models were trained on this data to predict filament width, contact width, filament height, and classify filaments. These models can be utilized with any buildable material - a material with a high enough yield stress to bear the weight of upper layers without significant deformation. This condition does not restrict this study’s scope as it is a prerequisite for all 3DCP applications. The models’ robustness and generalizability were confirmed through validation on literature data across various printable materials and setups. These data-driven models can aid in optimizing parameters, generating variable width filaments, and printing non-planar layers. By linking print inputs to filament outputs, this comprehensive modeling approach advances 3DCP research for more reliable and versatile concrete printing.

Current situation and transformation ways of housing policy in Ukraine

Housing policy is one of the urgent scientific and practical areas within legal research because it has not been updated since 1995, and actual housing relations have already received a new meaning. The purpose of the study is to identify the features of the current situation and propose transformational approaches to housing policy. The study employs formal legal, statistical, and general scientific research methods, considering dialectical, synergistic, and axiological approaches. The main issue with Ukrainian housing policy is the absence of a modern concept guiding housing development and legal regulation. It is observed that the intensification of efforts to develop and adopt the principles of future state housing policy was conducted at the level of state authoritiesʼ activities. Based on the analysis of regulations in housing relations, it was determined that housing policy is part of a broader state policy – social policy. This is because it aims to meet the social interest – the need for housing. It is emphasised that housing policy is divided into national and regional housing policies. Particular attention is paid to the difficulty of restoring the destroyed housing facilities stock as a result of the war; it is suggested that a system of action be implemented to overcome the complicated situation in the housing sector. The study supports the idea of highlighting a specific area of modern housing policy in Ukraine, namely, ensuring the housing rights of vulnerable individuals, particularly those who have been forcibly evicted due to war. The study identifies specific areas of housing policy, including: the restoration of housing facilities (such as constructing new housing, compensating for destroyed housing, and conducting repair and construction works); devising an investment strategy for the housing sector; safeguarding citizensʼ housing rights; and revising housing legislation. These recommendations can be considered by the legislative and executive authorities when formulating a strategy and policy for the reconstruction of the housing stock of the state

Navigating Climate Change Challenges through Smart Resilient Cities: A Comprehensive Assessment Framework

The rapid increase in the global population is contributing to the urgent challenges we face in ensuring the sustainability of our planet. This demographic shift, which gained momentum in the 1990s, is closely linked to a surge in natural disasters, both in terms of their frequency and severity. The quest for resources and improved quality of life, including the need for housing and essential services, has compounded these challenges. With the world’s population projected to double by 2050, and approximately two-thirds of this population expected to reside in urban areas, we are facing a complex web of interconnected issues that will significantly magnify the impacts of climate change-induced disasters. It is imperative that we build resilient cities capable of withstanding and adapting to these changes. However, the growing complexity of urban services and the necessity for integrated management raise questions about the preparedness of these resilient cities to comprehend and address the multifaceted challenges posed by climate change. In response to these critical concerns, this study endeavors to address the intersection of resilience and climate change. We propose the development of a Smart Resilient City Assessment Framework, comprising two core components: resilience re-evaluation and smartness evaluation. Each component consists of eight essential steps. The culmination of these steps results in a semi-quantitative index that accurately reflects the city’s position regarding resilience and smartness in the face of climate change-related disasters. To demonstrate the framework’s practicality and suitability, we present results from a hypothetical scenario focusing on water supply management, a critical aspect of climate change adaptation. The framework equips city managers with the necessary tools to re-evaluate their cities’ resilience, evaluate their capacity to address climate change-induced challenges, and make informed decisions on integrating resilience and smart solutions to pave the way for a more sustainable and climate-resilient future.

Integration of Java Programming-Based Pert and Earned Value Management Methods Based on Residential Precast Case Study to Improve Project Cost Efficiency

The need for residential houses is still high for property and construction commodities. The availability of land and market prices for residential houses continue to increase yearly. Only 45.04% of Jakarta residents had a home ownership status in 2020. 2021 is the precast building mode. It is justified that precast construction structures can save 35% on construction costs and are 27.33% more reliable than ordinary concrete structures. The research examines the integration of the PERT method and earned value management (EVM) based on Java programming in residential precast case studies. The results of this study are that the implementation of the PERT method can increase the efficiency of project duration by 6%, and the implementation of the EVM method can increase project cost efficiency by 7% with the indicators Schedule Performance Index (SPI) = 1.01 (under schedule) and Cost Performance Index = 1, 07 (Under Budget)