Need For Additional Training Research Articles

Using a mentorship model to localise the Practical Approach to Care Kit (PACK): from South Africa to Ethiopia

The Federal Ministry of Health, Ethiopia, recognised the potential of the Practical Approach to Care Kit (PACK) programme to promote integrated, comprehensive and evidence-informed primary care as a means to...

Pediatric residents’ perceived barriers to opioid use in sickle cell disease pain management

Current guidelines recommend high-priority treatment of severe sickle cell disease (SCD) pain with opioids; however, patients with SCD have historically been undertreated. We used mixed methods to assess pediatric residents' perceptions toward opioid use in SCD pain management. We distributed a survey to 88 residents at an urban pediatric medical center in a cross-sectional study. Participants responded to questions about perceived barriers to acute SCD pain management and attitudes toward patients with SCD. Responses were examined using bivariate analyses. Five pediatric residents were interviewed, to provide more in-depth understanding of barriers to SCD pain management. Fifty-three residents (60%) completed the survey. Participants were divided into "more experienced" (had seen ≥ 21 patients with SCD; 45.3%) or "less experienced." Both groups reported potential for tolerance and dependence as major barriers to opioid use in SCD. Less experienced residents reported a greater need for additional training in SCD pain management (P<0.05), more concern about addiction, and greater empathy for patients with SCD (P<0.05). Both groups agreed that patients with SCD were "frustrating to care for." Thematic analysis revealed that increased patient and provider barriers led to distrust, ultimately leading to undertreatment of pain and inadequate care. Although more experienced residents reported feeling more comfortable treating acute SCD pain and were less concerned with addiction compared with less experienced residents, certain negative views of patients with SCD were prevalent among all residents. Findings suggest that residency training must address provider attitudes as well as knowledge about SCD.

From didactic to personalized health and nutrition counselling: A mixed-methods review of the GALIDRAA approach in Nepal.

GALIDRAA (greet, ask, listen, identify, discuss, recommend, agree, and appoint), an interpersonal communication method, is used in health and nutrition behaviour change programmes to structure communication between front-line workers (FLWs) and beneficiaries. However, programmatic experiential evidence and monitoring and evaluation of the method are scarce. Suaahara aims to address maternal and child undernutrition, in part by influencing household-level behaviours. Suaahara trained both government and programme FLWs in GALIDRAA for use during counselling. This study investigates their adherence to the GALIDRAA method 2years later, using quantitative and qualitative data from a 2014 process evaluation study. Descriptive and thematic analyses were conducted to assess adherence to GALIDRAA. We found variation in adherence to each of the eight GALIDRAA steps among both Suaahara field supervisors (FSs) and Nepal's female community health volunteers (FCHVs). The prevalence of FLWs identifying a beneficiary's problem, discussing, questioning, and probing for constraints with the beneficiary, and, only then, recommending a doable solution, that is, the process of personalized nutrition counselling, was substantially higher among Suaahara FSs than FCHVs. However, both FCHVs and FSs counselling skills, particularly regarding adherence to each step of the GALIDRAA approach, have room for improvement. This highlights the need for additional training and post-training follow-up including supportive supervision related to appropriate counselling methods such as GALIDRAA and may indicate that there are additional FLWs constraints, beyond knowledge, that programmes need to address.

Transfer of Skills From Simulation Lab to Surgical Services: Impact of a Decade Long Laparoscopic Urology Surgical Course

To investigate the impact of decade-long dedicated laparoscopic urology surgical skills course on the successful implementation of surgical services by the participants. A prospective database was maintained for all the participants in urological laparoscopic courses run by a single dedicated unit between January 2016 and December 2016. Data on various variables were collected using a follow-up validated questionnaire exploring speciality of clinical practice, challenges and need for additional training to establish clinical services, improvement in quality and frequency of laparoscopic courses. A subset of participants reported data of their outcomes in a national database available publically. One hundred sixty one delegates were drawn from 18 countries attended laparoscopic skills courses during the study period of 10 years. Data were available for 154 (95.65%) participants. There were only 20 (20/154; 12.9%) responses to online website questionnaires despite 3 reminders. Further, follow-up through websites/telephonic contact/organizational contacts improved the response rate to 93% (143/154). Of the participants, 95% (135/143) felt that these courses should be continued, and they agreed to recommend them to their trainees in the future. More than 50% (81/143; 56.6%) of the participants performed laparoscopic/robotic surgery at various centers. Sixty two (62/143; 43.3%) did not pursue laparoscopic surgery as a career choice. Fifty six (56/81; 69%) participants were established laparoscopic surgeons were from the UK, and of them, 30 (30/56; 53.57%: 30/81; 37.04%) were established surgeons that contributed to publishing their results through professional organizations with the outcomes of all of these within normal ranges of their peers. A dedicated laparoscopic urological surgery course run over a decade had a significant impact on the skills of participants, and most participants were able to establish clinical practice catering to a large proportion of the UK population as well as a few centers internationally.

Determinants of awareness regarding immunization among parents of children residing in an urban slum of a metro city

Background: Many families lack accurate information and knowledge about need for immunization, the need for subsequent dose(s), and the importance of completing the entire immunization schedule. Considering this fact present study was undertaken to identify the factors influencing knowledge of parents regarding immunization.Methods: It’s a cross sectional study conducted for a period of one year in an urban slum area of Malad, Mumbai. Children aged 12-24 months in the study area were included and their parents interviewed using semi structured questionnaire which was validated with the help of a pilot study.Results: Ninety seven percent respondents had heard about immunization. Only 2.8% of them were not aware about immunization. Total 30.5% of respondents could correctly identify the purpose of immunization i.e. protection of child from disease. Almost 65.2% of them did not know vaccines given under national immunization program. Fever (72.3%) was commonest side effect reported by respondents followed by swelling (38.3%). Reasons for lack of knowledge were ignorance about immunization (31.0%), followed by enough information was not received from health providers (24.1%).Conclusions: Knowledge regarding immunisation is very poor among the residents of urban slums of Mumbai. IEC material regarding immunization should be displayed in waiting areas of immunization clinic and several strategic places in the community. There is a need for additional training or capacity building of health workers to improve their attitudes towards clients, and to strengthen their ability to counsel regarding immunization.

Attitudes of academics to special needs accommodations in Kuwait

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with the perceptions of academics working in Kuwait towards potential accommodations for university students with disabilities. A focus on students with disabilities is relatively new in Kuwait, but this study considered staff within a university with the stated aim to support students with disabilities. An independent, anonymous online questionnaire was distributed to staff (76 respondents). The 13 items were reduced to four factors that related to increasing levels of providing accommodations: (i) Basic, (ii) Alternative, (iii) Individualised/flexible, and (iv) Changes in course materials. Findings indicated that the staff were willing to implement accommodations for students with disabilities. In terms of characteristics influencing perceptions, there were no differences across gender or academic discipline. However, staff with more teaching experience indicated that they were more likely to allow alternative and flexible accommodations. Staff who had taught students with a disability previously were more variable in their views about allowing more flexible accommodations, possibly due to positive/negative prior experiences. These data argue for generally positive attitudes within this relatively inexperienced context, but argue for the need for additional training to support less experienced staff and to ensure previous experiences can enhance positive staff development.

Self-perceived preparedness of final year dental students in a developing country-A multi-institution study.

To evaluate the self-perceived preparedness to practice of final year dental undergraduate students in three dental institutions. Dental undergraduate students in their final year from three dental institutions in Pakistan were invited to participate in an online study to assess self-perceived preparedness using a validated preparedness assessment scale. In total, 134 students responded to the questionnaire yielding a response rate of 72%. Students felt adequately prepared to carry out several clinical procedures including clinical assessment, fillings, tooth extractions and communication skills. However, perceived preparedness was low in the students' ability to undertake intraoral radiographs, treatment planning, crowns, multirooted endodontics, research skills, referral for suspected oral cancer and raising concerns regarding inappropriate behaviour of colleagues. This is the first study which investigates the self-perceived preparedness of final year undergraduate dental students in Pakistan. The results show that the self-perceived preparedness of final year students was satisfactory for a range of clinical and affective skills. However, several areas of weaknesses were identified which underscore the need for additional training and consolidation.

Bridging the Gap between University Accounting Courses and the Market Requirements

&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Recently, there has been a broadening gap between accounting education and market requirements. This research aimed at determining this gap for a more comprehensive view. The researcher adopted the analytical, descriptive approach, utilizing an empirical study. The researcher constructed a questionnaire to be distributed to a population of accounting graduates, who graduated five or less years ago and currently working at audit firms in Lebanon. In addition, the researcher devised another questionnaire for owners and/or managers of audit firms. Moreover, the researcher collected data utilizing interviews with owners of audit firms, examiners at Civil Service Board and the Lebanese Association of Certified Public Accountants in order to evaluate the skills of graduates of the Lebanese University and private universities. The research aimed at finding if a gap exists between what is taught through accounting courses in the Lebanese universities and the qualifications and skills needed from accounting graduates to start their accounting profession. In addition, he wanted to show whether or not the type of the university (public or private) may affect the need for additional training for accounting graduates. The research yielded some important findings, mainly that there is a gap between university accounting courses and market requirements. It also showed that the Lebanese University has some advantages over private universities as well as some disadvantages compared to private education.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Pharmacists' learning needs in the era of expanding scopes of practice: Evolving practices and changing needs.

Continuing professional development fosters advancement in knowledge and skills and can support changes in practice. Research suggests that pharmacists perceive the need for additional training to take on expanded roles. However, the types of professional development and preferred learning methods are unclear. To identify pharmacists' professional learning needs in order to support expanded roles in practice. A mixed-methods approach was used. In focus groups made up of pharmacists and pharmacy students, learning needs associated with their perceptions of pharmacists' roles were examined. A web-based survey of Albertan pharmacists determined the knowledge, experience, and confidence required to engage in professional activities, preferred learning methods, and professional development needed to support pharmacists currently and in future. Analysis of data obtained from 5 focus groups (n = 42) revealed learning needs related to changes in pharmacists' roles. Pharmacists valued the social aspect of learning as well as the role of certification in building confidence. Survey data (n = 416) indicated that a high proportion of pharmacists reported training needs in the areas of physical assessment, interpreting laboratory tests, and making decisions about complex drug therapy. Community pharmacists and those with bachelor degrees were more likely to indicate a need for additional training in various patient care skills. Pharmacists reported a preference for learning with peers and learning at work within teams. Meeting various learning needs will foster pharmacists in their current and future professional roles, including situated learning in the workplace. These findings will be of interest to employers and educators in supporting pharmacists' evolving roles in practice.

Bulgarian physicians and nurses vs. electronic health records as a major issue of e-health

Introduction. Despite the numerous e-health applications, e-health cannot be implemented without the development and implementation of electronic health records (EHRs). The main barriers to the deployment of its systems are the lack of funding, infrastructure, capacity and legal framework, as well as the insufficient computer literacy of medical staff. Aim . The aim of this article is to assess the computer literacy of Bulgarian physicians and nurses, their attitude to e-health, especially EHRs as a major issue of e-health, including the ownership of medical data. Material and Methods . An enquiry comprising 33 questions is used. Respondents of the study are physicians and nurses from five regional and university hospitals in the North-eastern region of Bulgaria. Some of the results are compared to those of a study, carried out in 1999 among the physicians in Bulgaria. Several signs are discussed: self-evaluation of the experience in using computers, general attitude to eHealth, attitude to EHRs, including ownership of medical data. Results . The overall self-evaluation in using computers is 4.16 for physicians and 3.74 for nurses (max=6.00). The greatest need for additional training is in the use of statistical (47.98% of the physicians and 39.24% of the nurses) and specialized software (48.34% of the physicians and 49.65% of the nurses). Only 17.7% of the physicians and 14.89% of the nurses are familiar with the principles of e-health. Only 21.8% of the physicians and 25.8% of the nurses consider that the country is ready for the implementation of e-health. Almost all, 90.4% of the physicians and 82% of the nurses recognize the need for EHRs. About half of the physicians (46.1%) and 22.2% of the nurses would use an EHR system if they have adequate software. Physicians and nurses are not aware of what actually EHRs are. Most (74.5%) of the physicians and 69.3% of the nurses consider the implementation of personal health cards (presumably PHR), as a prerequisite for the implementation of e-health. The two preferred suggestions for the ownership of medical data are general practitioners (preferred by 28.3% of the physicians in 1999, 30.9% - in 2013, and 40.55% of the nurses) and the patient himself, preferred by 10.4% of the physicians in 1999, 29.38% - in 2013 and 26% of the nurses. Conclusions . Bulgarian physicians and nurses need additional education and training in using specialized, graphical and statistical software. The overall computer literacy of Bulgarian physicians and nurses is not adequate for the use of EHRs. They need additional education on the principles of eHealth, including EHRs, i.e. education in health informatics.

P.082 An evidence-based supportive and palliative care curriculum for Canadian neurology residents

Background: Graduating residents require general palliative care skills. In Canada, there is no standardized palliative care curriculum for specialty trained residents. The objective of this research is to develop an evidence-based palliative care curriculum designed to provide neurology residents with the general palliative care skills required for providing patient care along the continuum of life. Methods: A needs assessment was performed in Neurology at Western University using qualitative analysis techniques. Residents completed the following:. A curricular outline was developed based on the Kolb learning style inventory (LSI), a knowledge pre-test, the Palliative Medicine Comfort and Confidence Survey and a review of the literature. Two iterations of the curriculum have been developed. Results: Residents identified a need for additional training in supportive and palliative care skills. Based on the Kolb LSI, 9/16 (56.3%) of neurology residents are “accommodators”. General principles identified for inclusion included: symptom management, communication, psychosocial aspects of care, care coordination and access, and myths and pitfalls in palliative care. Conclusions: This project is designed to identify the current palliative educational needs for Neurology residents. The results suggest that specialty trained residents are receptive to embedding training in the principles of palliative care within their training programs.

An Assessment of Basic Patient Safety Skills in Residents Entering the First Year of Clinical Training.

During safety rounds, we observed few residents demonstrating hand hygiene and patient identification as they began their postgraduate clinical training. We assessed baseline performance of these 2 basic safety skills in residents entering the first year of postgraduate clinical training (PGY1). PGY1 residents beginning training on July 1, 2013, and July 1, 2014, at our institution were examined using a simulated scenario testing for hand hygiene and patient identification. Nurse volunteers posed as patients and evaluated each resident using a standardized scoring tool. Residents were observed for the following behaviors when interacting: (1) hand hygiene before or upon entry into the patient's room (HHE); (2) resident introducing himself or herself (INTRO); (3) resident identifying patient (IDNB); (4) resident comparing patient's stated name and date of birth to patient's ID band (IDC); (5) resident explaining procedure to patient (EXP); and (6) resident performing hand hygiene upon exiting patient's room (HHL). A total of 114 residents were examined. Compliance results were as follows: HHE at 66% (75); INTRO at 96% (110); IDNB at 52% (59); IDC at 42% (48); EXP at 90% (103); and HHL at 58% (66). Developing and hardwiring basic patient safety skills is essential for creating an institutional culture of safety. We used a simulated patient scenario to provide a baseline assessment of 2 important safety skills.The results obtained demonstrate poor compliance with hand hygiene and patient identification. Our results suggest that there is a need for additional training and perhaps new methods of training and reinforcement in medical school and beyond, to hardwire these basic patient safety skills.

Teacher knowledge and attitudes towards inclusion: a cross-cultural study in Ghana, Germany and Spain

ABSTRACTMainstream-school teachers are the most important assets for students with special educational needs (or diverse conditions) who hope to achieve real inclusion. However, teaching experience, attitudes, and knowledge can either promote or hinder efforts towards inclusion. A cross-cultural study was conducted to examine perceptions, knowledge, and attitudes towards inclusion in teachers from Ghana, Germany, and Spain, about intervention with special-education students enrolled in their classrooms. The participants comprised 363 teachers – 156 men (43%) and 207 women (57%) – from three countries (Ghana, Germany, and Spain). Of the teachers, 150 (41.3%) were from Ghana, 62 (17.1%) were from Germany, and 151 (41.6%) were from Spain. The results showed that there were significant differences in teachers’ self-confidence and in the amount of personal and material resources they received from administrators and schools. In general, the Spanish teachers reported lower levels for these variables. All the teachers showed adequate levels of knowledge about instructional strategies and students’ characteristics, although those from Ghana demonstrated significantly more knowledge than the others about students’ characteristics. Finally, the teachers differed by country in terms of their attitudes towards inclusion, with the teachers from Spain and Germany demonstrating slightly better attitudes. They all agreed on the need for additional training as a key aspect in this regard.

Robot learning of industrial assembly task via human demonstrations

Human–robot collaboration in industrial applications is a challenging robotic task. Human working together with the robot at a workplace to complete a task may create unpredicted events for the robot, as humans can act unpredictably. Humans tend to perform a task in a not fully repetitive manner using their expertise and cognitive capabilities. The traditional robot programming cannot cope with these challenges of human–robot collaboration. In this paper, a framework for robot learning by multiple human demonstrations is introduced. Through the demonstrations, the robot learns the sequence of actions for an assembly task (high-level learning) without the need of pre-programming. Additionally, the robot learns every path as needed for object manipulation (low-level learning). Once the robot has the knowledge of the demonstrated task, it can perform the task in collaboration with the human. However, the need for adaptation of the learned knowledge may arise as the human collaborator could introduce changes in the environment, such as placing an object to be manipulated in a position and orientation different from the demonstrated ones. In this paper, a novel real-time adaptation algorithm to cope with these changes in the environment, introduced by the human factor, is proposed. The proposed algorithm is able to identify the sequence of actions needed to be performed in a new environment. A Gaussian Mixture Model-based modification algorithm is able to adapt the learned path in order to enable robot to successfully complete the task without the need of additional training by demonstration. The proposed framework copes with changes in the position and orientation of the objects to be manipulated and also provides obstacle avoidance. Moreover, the framework enables the human collaborator to suggest different sequence of actions for the learned task, which will be performed by the robot. The proposed algorithm was tested on a dual-arm industrial robot in an assembly scenario and the results are presented. Shown results demonstrate a potential of the proposed robot learning framework to enable continuous human–robot collaboration.

Pediatric Program Leadership's Contribution Toward Resident Wellness

BackgroundResidency program leaders are required to support resident well-being, but often they do not receive training in how to do so. ObjectiveTo determine frequency in which program leadership provides support for resident well-being, comfort in supporting resident well-being, and factors associated with need for additional training in supporting resident well-being. MethodsNational cross-sectional web-based survey in June 2015 of pediatric program directors, associate program directors, and coordinators about their experiences supporting resident well-being. Univariate and bivariate descriptive statistics compared responses between groups. Generalized linear modeling, adjusting for program region, size, program leadership role, and number of years in role determined factors associated with need for additional training. ResultsThe response rate was 39.3% (322/820). Most respondents strongly agreed that supporting resident well-being is an important part of their role, but few reported supporting resident well-being as part of their job description. Most reported supporting residents' clinical, personal, and health issues at least annually, and in some cases weekly, with 72% spending >10%of their time on resident well-being. Most program leaders desired more training. After adjusting for level of comfort in dealing with resident well-being issues, program leaders more frequently exposed to resident well-being issues were more likely to desire additional training (P < .02). ConclusionsProgram leaders spend a significant amount of time supporting resident well-being. Although they think that supporting resident well-being is an important part of their job, opportunities exist for developing program leaders through including resident wellness on job descriptions and training program leaders how to support resident well-being.

Teacher Perspectives on Grief Among Children with Intellectual Disabilities

ABSTRACTThe death of a parent can have a profound impact on a child. However, little is known about how children with intellectual disabilities demonstrate grief or how teachers respond to student grief. Constructivist grounded theory methods were used to analyze data collected from five special education teachers of elementary students with intellectual disabilities. Categories related to grieving, loss, support, coping, and emotion were found. Teachers reported a range of grieving behaviors displayed by children with intellectual disabilities in the classroom and used various strategies to provide support. Grief in surviving caregivers and assistance from other school personnel were also described. The need for additional training of teachers and counselors about grief in children with intellectual disabilities is highlighted.

Impact of an Interprofessional Primary Care Training on Fear of Cancer Recurrence on Clinicians' Knowledge, Self-Efficacy, Anticipated Practice Behaviors, and Attitudes Toward Survivorship Care.

There are an estimated 15.5 million cancer survivors in the United States, with numbers projected to increase. Many cancer survivors are receiving survivorship care in primary care settings, yet primary care providers report a need for additional training on addressing medical and psychosocial concerns of cancer survivors. This paper presents findings from a pilot study on the effectiveness of a novel training for interprofessional primary care providers on the clinically significant issue of fear of cancer recurrence. The on-site training was provided to a total of 46 participants, including physicians (61%), physician assistants (11%), nurse practitioners (7%), nurses (17%), and social workers (4%) in six different primary care practices. The average number of years of professional experience was 18.8, with standard deviation of 10.9. Results of paired-sample t tests indicated that the training increased knowledge and self-efficacy of providers in identifying and addressing FCR. The training was well-received by participants, who had high confidence in implementing practice behavior changes, although they also identified barriers. Results suggest the feasibility of a brief training for continuing education and have implications for models of care delivery in cancer survivorship.

Physical Health Care for People with Severe Mental Illness: the Attitudes, Practices, and Training Needs of Nurses in Three Asian Countries.

People with severe mental illness (SMI) have considerable unmet physical health needs and an increased risk of early mortality. This cross-sectional survey utilized the Physical Health Attitude Scale (PHASe) to examine the attitudes, practices, and training needs of nurses towards physical health care of people with SMI in three Asian countries (Hong Kong, Japan, Qatar). Cross-country differences were explored and linear regression was used to investigate if nurses’ attitudes and confidence were associated with their level of involvement in physical health care. A total of 481 questionnaires were returned. Hong Kong nurses were less involved in physical health care than those from Japan and Qatar. Nurses’ attitudes and confidence were significant predictors of their participation in managing physical health. Compared with western countries, more nurses in this study felt that mental illness was a barrier to improving physical health. Three-quarters reported that they needed additional training in promoting cardiometabolic health. The perceived need for additional training in physical health care was held by Mental Health Nurses (MHN) irrespective of their type of nursing registration and nationality. Nurse educators and service providers should reconsider the physical health care training requirements of nurses working in mental health settings in order to improve the physical health of people with SMI.

The New RN and Emergency Patient Care Scenarios: How Simulation Can Help

Failure to rescue a patient that is experiencing deteriorating symptoms is a major cause of mortality in the acute care settings. The nurse is at the fore-front of prevention and recognition of patient distress. Failure to rescue patients that are displaying symptoms of deterioration is becoming a national crisis due to treatment complications and missed signs and symptoms of impending arrest [1]. New nurse graduates must have additional training to assist them in the recognition of the signs of impending crisis. This paper will discuss the need for additional training after nursing school to address this issue and assist the new graduate nurse in their transition to practice. The development of a New Graduate Nurse simulation education program for Littleton Regional Healthcare and their Alliance Hospitals was the primary focus of this project. PICOT: How will the use of simulated emergency scenarios with intermittent audit/feedback impact the knowledge level and clinical reasoning of new nurse graduates in an acute care setting? High Fidelity Simulation patient scenarios of impending crisis were developed for a 4-hour educational workshop. New nurse graduates with under 2.5 years experience attended the training with results showing that high fidelity simulation training scenarios with intermittent audit feedback assisted the new nurses to recognize signs and symptoms of impending crisis, how to develop skills to work as a team member, and gave them more confidence in reporting mistakes and voicing concerns. The literature search completed for this study shows that the new graduate nurse needs to develop clinical reasoning skills and gain experience on how to respond to patients with clinical emergencies and simulation can assist with this knowledge to practice gap [2].

Enabling Histopathological Annotations on Immunofluorescent Images through Virtualization of Hematoxylin and Eosin

Context: Medical diagnosis and clinical decisions rely heavily on the histopathological evaluation of tissue samples, especially in oncology. Historically, classical histopathology has been the gold standard for tissue evaluation and assessment by pathologists. The most widely and commonly used dyes in histopathology are hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) as most malignancies diagnosis is largely based on this protocol. H&E staining has been used for more than a century to identify tissue characteristics and structures morphologies that are needed for tumor diagnosis. In many cases, as tissue is scarce in clinical studies, fluorescence imaging is necessary to allow staining of the same specimen with multiple biomarkers simultaneously. Since fluorescence imaging is a relatively new technology in the pathology landscape, histopathologists are not used to or trained in annotating or interpreting these images. Aims, Settings and Design: To allow pathologists to annotate these images without the need for additional training, we designed an algorithm for the conversion of fluorescence images to brightfield H&E images. Subjects and Methods: In this algorithm, we use fluorescent nuclei staining to reproduce the hematoxylin information and natural tissue autofluorescence to reproduce the eosin information avoiding the necessity to specifically stain the proteins or intracellular structures with an additional fluorescence stain. Statistical Analysis Used: Our method is based on optimizing a transform function from fluorescence to H&E images using least mean square optimization. Results: It results in high quality virtual H&E digital images that can easily and efficiently be analyzed by pathologists. We validated our results with pathologists by making them annotate tumor in real and virtual H&E whole slide images and we obtained promising results. Conclusions: Hence, we provide a solution that enables pathologists to assess tissue and annotate specific structures based on multiplexed fluorescence images.