Need For Additional Training Research Articles

Home Learning for Children in Low-Income Contexts during a Pandemic: An Analysis of 2020 Survey Results from Syria and the Democratic Republic of the Congo

Prior to 2020, empirical research and reports on approaches to education during health crises were limited. They focused primarily on reporting local-level response and provided only limited analysis. Various historic epidemics, like SARS, Ebola, and HIV/AIDS, provided important lessons about educational efficacy during major health emergencies. However, the sudden emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic led to an explosion of research on educating during a worldwide health crisis. This integrative literature review (Torraco 2005) uses the INEE Minimum Standards framework to conceptualize the response to pandemics and epidemics from 1990 to 2020. The research analyzes 124 empirical studies, practitioner and governmental reports, and historic accounts of Ebola, SARS, and other epidemics, as well as early responses to COVID-19, in order to understand how education stakeholders continued educating during the spread of highly communicable illnesses. The high-level themes that emerged included the foundational role of context and community support; access to an equitable education in the digital age; the social-emotional wellbeing of teachers and students; teachers' role in adapting curriculum and pedagogy; the need for additional training and support for teachers; and the opportunity for a creative shift in practices and policies in education.

Razmatranje stavova ispitanika o konceptu etičnosti u revizorskoj profesiji

The primary objective of the auditor engaged in the audit of financial statements is to provide a professional and independent opinion on whether the financial statements have been prepared by international accounting standards and relevant legislation. In this way, auditors provide credibility to financial statements. Unreliable financial statements can harm all stakeholders. To this end, professional associations have developed a set of ethical rules that protect the audit profession and ensure that auditors perform their work with high ethical awareness. The subject of the paper is research on whether professional practitioners in the Republic of Serbia who deal with auditing are familiar with ethical standards and whether they apply them in their work, especially in situations where there is a threat to their independence. We also investigated whether there is a difference in knowledge and application of ethical standards between professional practitioners in auditing in the private and public sectors of the Republic of Serbia, as well as whether ethical standards for both sectors are adequately defined. The main conclusion is that audit practitioners in the public sector in the Republic of Serbia have less developed awareness of compliance with ethical rules compared to professional practitioners in the private sector, with the perceived need for additional training for audit practitioners in both sectors.

Educating during a Health Emergency: An Integrative Review of the Literature from 1990 to 2020

Prior to 2020, empirical research and reports on approaches to education during health crises were limited. They focused primarily on reporting local-level response and provided only limited analysis. Various historic epidemics, like SARS, Ebola, and HIV/AIDS, provided important lessons about educational efficacy during major health emergencies. However, the sudden emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic led to an explosion of research on educating during a worldwide health crisis. This integrative literature review (Torraco 2005) uses the INEE Minimum Standards framework to conceptualize the response to pandemics and epidemics from 1990 to 2020. The research analyzes 124 empirical studies, practitioner and governmental reports, and historic accounts of Ebola, SARS, and other epidemics, as well as early responses to COVID-19, in order to understand how education stakeholders continued educating during widespread communicable illnesses. The high-level themes that emerged included the foundational role of context and community support; access to an equitable education in the digital age; the social-emotional wellbeing of teachers and students; teachers' role in adapting curriculum and pedagogy; the need for additional training and support for teachers; and the opportunity for a creative shift in practices and policies in education.

Особливості вияву шкільного лідерства у міській і сільській місцевості

The article reveals characteristic features of school leadership in urban and rural areas. It specifies the notions of the concepts “leadership”, “educational leadership”, “school leadership” and presents the main characteristic features of a leader-teacher in accordance with the policy of The New Ukrainian School. It is argued that school leadership is the joint activity of a large number of leaders within the secondary school which is aimed at creating comfortable and equal learning opportunities for all students. The main part of this activity is performed by a motivated lead teacher, who is an organizer and manager of colleagues, students, and their parents. Among the main characteristics of lead teachers, defined by the authors, there is the ability to motivate colleagues and students, innovativeness in teaching, skillful lesson planning and design, usage of modern technologies, partnership, openness and flexibility. In the light of educational reform The New Ukrainian School, the responsibilities of lead teachers include planning, mentoring, communicating with parents, evaluating, and actively participating in school governance. On the basis of empirical research conducted in urban and rural schools the authors were able to analyze the nature of modern school leadership, to define the barriers to leadership in schools, to reveal the problems that affect the development of leadership skills such as insufficient funding, lack of material and technical equipment, low school governance. It is found that the majority of rural educators do not call themselves “leaders”, although in their activity they use the methods and principles inherent in leaders. Their answers also indicate the need for additional training in educational leadership, community development, and school governance, as they understand school leadership mainly as an activity of the administration. Teachers in both urban and rural schools are equally interested in partnership pedagogy, development of students’ critical thinking and mandatory implementation of agreements. At the same time, the answers revealed the insufficient level of teacher mentoring, mutual support and evaluation, which are the important components of school leadership. Keywords: leader, leadership, school leadership, leader-teachers, urban and rural secondary educational institution, NUS, partnership pedagogy.

797. Infection Prevention and Control Training Needs and Preferences Among Frontline Health Professionals

BackgroundIn 2020, the Nebraska Infection Control Assessment and Promotion program began collaborating with the Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services (NE DHHS) and the CDC to distribute infection prevention and control (IPC) training to frontline healthcare professionals (HCPs), focusing on nursing assistants (NAs), dentists, and other groups not traditionally targeted by IPC training. We conducted a learning needs assessment of these workers to plan high-yield curricula for each group.MethodsWe distributed an online survey to Nebraska’s frontline HCPs via local professional society email lists and the NE DHHS’s weekly newsletter. The survey asked respondents to identify their professional role, practice setting (urban vs suburban vs rural), preferred sources and formats of training, and perceived need for additional training across multiple IPC topics. Results456 HCPs completed our survey, including 177 NAs, 72 nurses, and 59 dentists; most HCPs practiced in a rural setting (62%). HCPs viewed the CDC as the most trustworthy source of IPC training (92% trusted, vs 71% for local health authorities, 64% for professional societies, and 43% for academic institutions); versus other respondents, NAs had substantially lower trust in all groups except the CDC. Respondents were more often interested in self-paced learning (63%) or interactive discussion with experts (53%) versus peer discussions (40%) or lectures (34%). Compared with other respondents, dentists were least interested in peer discussions (27%) and NAs in lectures (15%). Triage and screening was the only IPC training topic a majority of all respondents (51%) requested, though majorities of nurses (58%) and dentists (51%) also wanted training on environmental cleaning. Hand hygiene (12%) and personal protective equipment use (27%) were the least requested IPC topics, especially among NAs (5% and 18%). ConclusionNebraska’s frontline healthcare workers express high confidence in the CDC as a source of IPC training and prefer self-paced and expert discussion learning modalities. Key between-group differences indicate that individualizing curricula for NAs, dentists, and other HCPs may improve IPC training quality. Disclosures M. Salman Ashraf, MBBS, Merck & Co. Inc (Grant/Research Support, I have recieved grant funding for an investigator initiated research project from Merck & Con. Inc. However, I do not see any direct conflict of interest related to the submitted abstract) Nicolas W. Cortes-Penfield, MD, Nothing to disclose

Target Volume Delineation Training in Radiation Oncology in India : A Survey Evaluating Its Status, the Need for Educational Programs and the Utility of Virtual Teaching.

Introduction:The complexity of modern-day radiotherapy techniques calls for greater accuracy in target volume delineation which requires intensive training and expert guidance. In this study, we intend to evaluate the status of training in target delineation across radiation oncology curriculums in India and utility of webinars in teaching it. Methodology:We organized daily webinars on the topics of radiological anatomy and target volume delineation in common sites of cancer over a period of 2 weeks. At the end of the program, a 35 item survey questionnaire was shared with the participants. The responses were analysed and are reported here. Results:Out of the 797 participants that registered for the course, 356 radiation oncologists responded to the survey questionnaire. Majority (96%) of our respondents believe that there is a need for additional training in target volume delineation. Ninety percent of the participants felt that radiation oncology curriculum requires a formal radiology training but only 6.7% reported that their training consisted of a dedicated rotation and regular lectures in radiological anatomy. Majority (97%) responded that they were likely to incorporate the points learnt from the webinar sessions in their daily practice. Forty eight percent of respondents opted for attending a webinar to an in-person event in the future while 34% would like to have the option to choose between the two. Ninety four percent agreed that online webinars should be conducted routinely even after the pandemic ends. Conclusion:Our survey results suggest that target volume delineation training in India is deficient and virtual teaching programs can be a practical and effective way to improve it.

Assessment of knowledge of drug-food interactions among healthcare professionals in public sector hospitals in eThekwini, KwaZulu-Natal.

BackgroundFoods and the nutrients they contain can interact with drugs and thereby interfere with their therapeutic safety and efficacy. Adequate knowledge of healthcare professionals (HCPs) about drug-food interactions can help in preventing potential drug-food interactions among patients. This study aimed to assess the knowledge of HCPs about common drug-food interactions.MethodsA cross-sectional study was carried out among 459 HCPs from three public hospitals in eThekwini district, KwaZulu-Natal between November 2018, and January 2019. Informed consent was obtained from the HCPs, and a structured questionnaire was thereafter administered. Data were analysed using SPSS® version 25. Factors associated with knowledge of the HCPs were determined using logistic regression analysis.ResultsOf the 459 participants, 22.2% (n = 102) were doctors, 11.3% (n = 52) pharmacists, 63.8% (n = 293) nurses and 2.6% (n = 12) dietitians. Most of the HCPs were females 79.7% (n = 366), the mean age of the HCPs was 38.61±0.48. The knowledge score of the HCPs was 22.66±0.25 out of an overall score of 46. The HCPs poorly identified food types that interact with drugs and correct administration time of drugs relative to meals. Being a pharmacist (OR: 14.212, CI: 4.941–40.879, p<0.001), doctor (OR: 5.223, CI: 2.146–12.711, p<0.001), or a dietitian (OR: 5.476, CI: 1.103–27.191, p = 0.038) was associated with higher knowledge of drug-food interactions.ConclusionThe HCPs in this survey had low drug-food interaction knowledge. These findings suggest the need for additional training and educational courses for the HCPs on drug-food interactions.

Redeployment of psychiatrist trainees during the COVID-19 pandemic: evaluation of attitude and preparedness.

Background: The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has imposed an unprecedented strain on healthcare systems worldwide. In response, psychiatrist trainees were redeployed from their training sites to help manage patients with COVID-19. This study aimed to examine the attitude of psychiatrist trainees toward redeployment to COVID-19 sites and their perceived preparedness for managing physical health conditions during redeployment. Methods: A cross-sectional researcher-developed online survey was administered among psychiatrist trainees in May 2020 at the Department of Psychiatry, Hamad Medical Corporation, Qatar. Results: Of the 45 psychiatrist trainees, 40 (88.9%) responded to the survey. Most trainees reported being comfortable dealing with chronic medical conditions, but less so with acute life-threatening medical conditions. Half reported feeling anxious about redeployment, and most felt the need for additional training. We found that trainees’ perceived redeployment preparedness was significantly associated with their level of postgraduate training and the time since and duration of their last medical or surgical training. Conclusion: Adequate preparation and training of psychiatrist trainees is important before redeployment to COVID-19 sites to ensure that they can effectively and safely manage patients with COVID-19.

OXYGEN THERAPY: NEED FOR ADDITIONAL EDUCATION

TOPIC: Education, Research, and Quality Improvement TYPE: Original Investigations PURPOSE: To evaluate the knowledge and comfort level of internal medicine residents and nursing staff in a community hospital about oxygen therapy. This included inpatient utilization of oxygen therapy, eligibility for home oxygen therapy, insurance documentation, patient education at the time of discharge, and attitudes towards further training. METHODS: Microsoft forms were used to send custom surveys to post-graduation year(PGY) 1, PGY2, PGY3 internal medicine residents (24 questions), and nursing staff (12 questions) at Mercy Catholic Medical Center. The questions were created to assess knowledge, comfort level, discharge process, educational practices on oxygen utilization in the hospital, and discharge. We used PRISM 9 statistical software to compare confidence levels. RESULTS: 42 out of 72 (58%) residents and 41 nurses responded to the survey. The mean level of confidence among the residents on counseling patients at the time of discharge was higher in PGY2 (6.4 vs. 5.3, p 0.046) and PGY3 (7.5 vs. 5.3, p 0.004) compared to the PGY1. A similar pattern observed in PGY2 residents (6.8 vs. 5.3, p 0.006) and PGY3 residents (7.8 vs. 5.3, p 0.001) regarding the transition of the patient from one mode of oxygenation such as a nasal cannula, oximiser, and high flow to another compared to the PGY1 residents. PGY3 residents were more comfortable discussing potential adverse events and hazards due to oxygen use than PGY1 (7 vs. 5.3, p 0.03) and PGY2 (7 vs. 5, p 0.002). Most residents and nurses were able to identify appropriate oxygen use in a given clinical scenario. However, only 16.7% of residents and 2.4% of nurses selected the specific indications for oxygen correctly. 33.3 % of the residents were able to identify the correct timeline to reassess the necessity to continue oxygen use after being discharged. 40.5% of residents were able to identify all limitations to prescribing oxygen to the patients. No resident was able to identify the correct documentation per insurance standards for home oxygen in COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) patients. More than 50% of residents and nurses reported they did not always see clear discharge instructions on using oxygen at home for the patients. 97.6% of residents and 61% of nurses believed there is a need for additional training. Most residents (66.7%) preferred the in-person training (66.7%), while nurses almost equally valued in-person training (41.5%) and online (43.5%) training modules. CONCLUSIONS: The study shows a lack of confidence and knowledge about oxygen use among first-year residents when compared to senior residents, potentially indicating the benefit of additional education. The necessity of additional training is perceived by most internal medicine residents and nursing staff in the form of online modules and in-person training. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: In medical residency training hospitals, residents and nursing staff are most often responsible for testing and counseling patients on oxygen therapy at the time of discharge. Making greater efforts to improve their knowledge and comfort can decrease adverse effects of over-and underutilization of oxygen therapy in patients while also ensuring the practice of safe and cost-effective medicine. DISCLOSURES: No relevant relationships by Utsav Aiya, source=Web Response No relevant relationships by Bohdan Baralo, source=Web Response No relevant relationships by Bhanusowmya Buragamadagu, source=Web Response No relevant relationships by Avijit Deb, source=Web Response No relevant relationships by Richard Herbster, source=Web Response No relevant relationships by Aliza Khanam, source=Web Response No relevant relationships by Michael Korman, source=Web Response No relevant relationships by Ruqqiya Mustaqeem, source=Web Response No relevant relationships by Rakin Rashid, source=Web Response No relevant relationships by Ayman Seifin, source=Web Response

Clinicians as a critical link: Understanding health professionals’ beliefs and attitudes toward anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder

Understanding the perspectives of health professionals remains an understudied issue, yet may help bridge research-practice gaps and pinpoint important areas for education, training, and research. This study investigated attitudes toward anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and binge eating disorder (BED) among Nordic health professionals specialized within the eating disorder (ED) field. Participants (n = 144) completed a modified ED-version of the Illness Perception Questionnaire which assessed attitudes and beliefs toward perceived symptom controllability, severity, treatment effectiveness, and views on the prognosis of AN, BN, and BED. Personal enjoyment and level of comfort working with AN, BN, and BED were also assessed. The majority agreed or strongly agreed that patients with AN, BN, and BED were not responsible for their illness, and viewed the illnesses as psychological rather than medical in etiology. AN was viewed as the most severe and enduring, followed by BN, then BED. Treatment for BN was viewed as being more highly effective than treatments for either AN or BED. Professionals rated significantly less enjoyment and less confidence working with BED. To conclude, both commonalities and differences in attitudes toward AN, BN and BED were found in terms of perceived symptom controllability, views on severity, treatment effectiveness, and anticipated prognosis. In particular, findings emphasized the need for additional training in the management of BED among Nordic healthcare professionals.

Occupational Disruptions during the COVID-19 Pandemic and Their Association with Healthcare Workers' Mental Health.

Background: The COVID-19 crisis has caused prolonged and extreme demands on healthcare services. This study investigates the types and prevalence of occupational disruptions, and associated symptoms of mental illness, among Australian frontline healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A national cross-sectional online survey was conducted between 27 August and 23 October 2020. Frontline healthcare workers were invited to participate via dissemination from major health organisations, professional associations or colleges, universities, government contacts, and national media. Data were collected on demographics, home and work situations, and validated scales of anxiety, depression, PTSD, and burnout. Results: Complete responses were received from 7846 healthcare workers (82.4%). Most respondents were female (80.9%) and resided in the Australian state of Victoria (85.2%). Changes to working conditions were common, with 48.5% reporting altered paid or unpaid hours, and many redeployed (16.8%) or changing work roles (27.3%). Nearly a third (30.8%) had experienced a reduction in household income during the pandemic. Symptoms of mental illness were common, being present in 62.1% of participants. Many respondents felt well supported by their workplaces (68.3%) and believed that workplace communication was timely and useful (74.4%). Participants who felt well supported by their organisation had approximately half the risk of experiencing moderate to severe anxiety, depression, burnout, and PTSD. Half (50.4%) of respondents indicated a need for additional training in using personal protective equipment and/or caring for patients with COVID-19. Conclusions: Occupational disruptions during the COVID-19 pandemic occurred commonly in health organisations and were associated with worse mental health outcomes in the Australian health workforce. Feeling well supported was associated with significantly fewer adverse mental health outcomes. Crisis preparedness focusing on the provision of timely and useful communication and support is essential in current and future crises.

Preparedness of Undergraduate Dental Students: A National Study

Objectives: To evaluate the self-perceived preparedness of final year undergraduate dental students in Malaysia and to compare the difference of preparedness level of final undergraduate student in public and private universities. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire study was conducted using a validated questionnaire, Dental Undergraduates Preparedness Assessment Scale (DU-PAS) and no samplings were involved. The questionnaire was distributed via University presentative of each university from MDSA in the form of online and written questionnaire. The data were analysed using SPSS version 23. Results: 239 students responded to this study. Responses revealed that student felt adequately prepared to carry out simple clinical procedures such as taking consent (88.3%), tooth-coloured fillings (87.4%), non-surgical periodontal treatment (86.6%), do proper history taking (85.8%), bitewing radiograph (84.1%) and communication skills (69.9%). However, low levels of scores were reported on ability to do an amalgam restoration (12.1%), endodontics treatment especially multi-rooted tooth (9.6%), crowns (9.2%), referral for suspected oral cancer (31.8%), research skills (15.1%) and raising concerns regarding inappropriate behaviour of colleagues (7.9%). There was significant difference between the level of preparedness of final undergraduate student in public and private universities. Conclusions: This is the first study of self-perceived preparedness of final year undergraduate students in Malaysia. The results showed that the self-perceived preparedness of final year student was satisfactory for a range of clinical and effective skills. However, several areas of weaknesses were identified which underscore the need for additional training and consolidation.

Design Considerations for the Development of Crowdsourcing Systems

We present a case study on factors that affect the usability and User Experience (UX) of a crowdsourcing platform for argumentation. While this particular system is focused on argumentation, we have aimed to abstract our findings such that they are generalizable to other use cases so that others may consider these lessons learned and recommendations for the development of more effective crowdsourcing and collaborative work platforms. Several themes were identified in participant responses about the usability and UX of the crowdsourcing system, including a desire for less structure, the need for additional training, the desire for a streamlined workflow and UI, improved navigation, and the enjoyment of interactions with other users.

Exploring contextual factors influencing the implementation of evidence-based care for hypertension in Rwanda: a cross-sectional study using the COACH questionnaire

ImportanceHypertension is the largest contributor to the Global Burden of Disease. In Rwanda, as in most low-income and middle-income countries, an increasing prevalence of hypertension and its associated morbidity and...

Assessment of ENSO risks to support transportation resilience

Following a description of ENSO (El Niño/La Niña Southern Oscillation) climate patterns and hazards (hurricane, rainfall, flooding, drought, wildfires, high winds, and storm surge), the implications for transportation systems (road, rail, transit, auto, pedestrian, and bicycle) are summarized. Based on data from strong El Niño years, the impacts on California, Hawaii, and the Pacific Islands are quite different, as are the requirements for emergency managers, transportation system operators, and planners concerned with mitigation and adaptation. While the focus of this study is on the Pacific, the implications for other regions are described. With climate change, ENSO effects are expected to increase along with the need to better understand and manage impacts on transportation and other systems. In addition to more research on ENSO and climate change connections, there is a need for additional training and education to support transportation system resilience. ENSO applications provide a middle-ground pathway for connecting discrete, localized weather events to more extensive, longer-term changes in climate and resilience capabilities.

A mixed‐method study of paraprofessional roles, professional development, and needs for training in elementary schools

AbstractParaprofessionals are critical school staff often responsible for students with or at risk for academic, behavioral, and social impairments. However, research on paraprofessional roles, professional development, and training needs is very limited. The present mixed‐method study seeks to fill this gap by examining the student populations served, paraprofessionals' reported work setting, available professional development, and training needs. In a sample of 215 paraprofessionals from 62 schools, results indicated that paraprofessionals deliver interventions and supports to individual and small groups of students, often serve students who exhibit disruptive classroom behavior, and students who are eligible for special education services. Work setting consists primarily of a single classroom (general or special education) with multiple students. Paraprofessionals reported receiving 1–2 h of workshop‐based professional development per year which is not job‐embedded in the classroom settings. Nearly all participants reported the need for additional training in one or more topic areas with behavior management strategies, the most frequently identified are of training need. Implications for practice are discussed.

Attitudes toward offering genetic counseling for psychiatric conditions among genetics healthcare practitioners in the United Kingdom: A qualitative study.

Psychiatric conditions affect a large proportion of the population. High heritability estimates have been reported for commonly diagnosed conditions, suggesting both environmental factors and genetic variation significantly contribute to the chance of psychiatric outcomes. Despite growing interest in the provision and receipt of genetic counseling services for these conditions, such specialized interventions are not routinely available in most healthcare systems, including in the United Kingdom (UK). This study examined the attitudes of fourteen National Health Service employed genetic counselors and clinical geneticists, from seven regional genetic centers, toward offering psychiatric genetic counseling (PGC) in the UK. A qualitative methodology was adopted and individual semi-structured interviews were conducted either by telephone or face-to-face, audio recorded, transcribed in full and analyzed using thematic analysis. Participants' attitudes were organized under three themes: "Demand," "Readiness to Provide Support," and "Patient Experience." Participants cited key informational and resource needs which included increased workforce capacity, access to further psychological support for patients and more knowledge about the following: specific genes involved, available genetic testing, recurrence/occurrence risk figures, clinical manifestations, diagnostic criteria, patient concerns associated with the impact of psychiatric conditions and interpersonal skills. While some participants appreciated the value of PGC, some reported apprehension and raised concerns around a lack of available genetic testing, the perceived utility of current management options, and a potential negative psychological impact of PGC. This study identified important barriers to the delivery of PGC in the UK by genetics healthcare practitioners. Our findings highlight the importance of a collaborative, multidisciplinary approach to delivering this intervention and the need for additional training. Further research is required to better understand demand for, nature of, and barriers to provision of PGC in the UK, particularly in terms of genetic counselors' perceptions of their role.

Cone-beam computed tomography

Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is an important source of three‐dimensional volumetric data in clinical orthodontics. Due to the progress in the technology of CBCT, for orthodontic clinical diagnosis, treatment and follow‐up, it supply much more reliable information compared to conventional radiography. But it carries both risks and benefits in orthodontics and the principal risks and limitations include ionizing radiation, the presence of artifacts, higher cost, limited accessibility, and the need for additional training. However, this imaging modality has several recognized indications in orthodontics, such as the assessment of impacted and ectopic teeth, assessment of pharyngeal airway, assessment of mini-implant sites, evaluation of craniofacial abnormalities, evaluation of sinus anatomy or pathology, evaluation of root resorption, evaluation of the cortical bone plate, and orthognathic surgery planning and evaluation. CBCT is particularly justified when it brings a benefit to the patient or changes the outcome of the treatment when compared with conventional imaging techniques.

Educational stakeholders’ attitudes and knowledge about nonsuicidal self-injury among university students: A cross-national study

Objective: Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a commonly occurring, yet historically poorly understood, mental health concern among post-secondary students. The present study sought to identify the current knowledge needs of university stakeholders to inform training efforts around effective NSSI response and student support on university campuses. Participants: Participants were 1,762 university students, staff, and student-staff (77% female) from seven universities in Canada, the USA, New Zealand, and Australia. Methods: Participants completed an online survey about their attitudes and knowledge of both general mental health and NSSI. Results: University stakeholders reported significantly greater stigma toward NSSI than mental illness in general. Student-staff reported greater perceived knowledge and comfort, and demonstrated greater knowledge of NSSI, than students and staff. Conclusions: Findings underscore the need for additional training and resources to reduce stigma and increase knowledge about NSSI on university campuses internationally.

Tailoring Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) for Youth with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: A Survey of Nationally Certified TF- CBT Therapists

ABSTRACT In the United States, approximately one in six youth has an intellectual or other developmental disability (DD). Historically, there have been barriers to providing these youths with trauma treatment, although they are at elevated risk for exposure to traumatic events. The current study sought to characterize and assess the delivery of one of the most strongly supported child trauma treatments, Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT), to youth with DD. In June 2018, 391 TF-CBT therapists completed a self-report survey, sent to all nationally certified TF-CBT therapists, which queried the experience and comfort of using TF-CBT with youth with DD and the types of treatment adjustments made for them. Twenty-five percent of respondents reported having a strong background working with DD and 34% reported comfort treating youth with DD. As expected, there was an association between experience with DD and comfort level doing TF-CBT with youth with DD (X 2 (1, 358) = 70.09, p < .001). Discomfort varied by DD subtype. Consistent with prior recommendations, respondents reported employing a variety of flexible strategies such as adaptations in session/treatment time (e.g., shortening sessions, lengthening course of treatment), treatment content (e.g., simplifying language and/or using visual aids), structure, and increasing caregiver involvement. Experience mattered; of those who reported making an adjustment, 74.1% had some to extensive experience treating youth with DD as compared to 61.2% of those who didn’t report adjustments (X 2 (1, 359) = 6.18, p = .013). Findings highlight the need for additional training and resources for increasing self-efficacy around TF-CBT treatment provision for youth with DD.