Necmettin Erbakan University Research Articles

Investigating seropositivitiy of Rubella IgG among women of childbearing age in Konya province /Konya bolgesinde dogurganlik cagindaki kadinlarda Rubella IgG antikor seroprevelansinin incelenmesi

Objective: Rubella virus causes intrauterin infections in pregnant women and it is teratogenic for fetus. Detecting sensitivity for Rubella virus by screening tests before or during pregnancy is important for preventing unwanted fetal and perinatal infections. In this study, women of childbearing age who admitted to Necmettin Erbakan University Meram Medical Faculty were analyzed retrospectively for rubella seropositivity according to the distribution of age groups. Material and Methods: Materials and methods: Rubella IgG antibody levels of 2151 women who were admitted to various clinics in our hospital between 1 January 2013- 31 December 2015 were determined by ELFA method and investigated by separating into age groups. Results: Of the women, 567 were (26.3%) found to be in 18-25 age group, 1143 (53.6%) were in 26-35 age group and 441 were (20.5%) in 36-45 age group. In women 's age groups of 18-25, 26-35 and 36-45 years, the number of rubella IgG positivity and the rates were detected as 551 (97.1%), 1075 (94.0%) and 394 (89.4%) respectively. Of the total 2151 samples, 2020 (93.9%) were found to be positive for rubella IgG antibody. 1259 samples were sent from pregnancy clinics and 1169 (92.8%) of the samples were found to be positive for Rubella IgG. Conclusion: In our study rubella seroprevalence among women of childbearing age in Konya is found to be high. Ensuring immunity to rubella virus by increasing the rate of seropositivity in women of childbearing age before pregnancy will be effective in preventing congenital rubella infection. It is pleasant that there is high immunity in our province but women who are seronegative should be detected and should be vaccinated before pregnancy for preventing congenital infection.

Examination the Digital Competence of Teacher Candidates in Terms of Different Variables

It has been essential to make use of technology in education as a result of the improvements in information and communication technology in the 21st century. Teachers, who are the organizers and the developers of learning environments, need to have a high level of consciousness with regard to digital competence. Thus, students can acquire digital competence only if teachers do it first. The aim of this study is to analyse the digital competence of teacher candidates in terms of different variables. The study group consisted of 200 teacher candidates who study at different departments of Ahmet Kelesoglu Faculty of Education, Necmettin Erbakan University. Screening model was used as the research method in the present study. As data collection tools, a personal data form which was developed by researchers and by which the demographic characteristics of the study group students were obtained, and “The Digital Competence Scale” which was developed by Akkoyunlu, Yilmaz Soylu & Caglar (2010) were used. The scale is 7 Likert type, 45 item and of four dimensions. Cronbach Alpha coefficients were calculated for the results of the scale reliability; and they were 0.86 throughout the scale, 0.94 in the first sub-dimension (Awareness), 0.84 in the second sub-dimension (Motivation), 0.78 in the third sub-dimension (Technical Access) and 0.81 in the fourth sub-dimension (Competence). The computer-aided statistical packaged program, SPSS was used in order to analyse the data collected, and the present study benefited from descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way analysis of variance and correlation methods. The study concluded that - when the digital competence of teacher candidates assessed in terms of gender in sub-dimensions of the scale - the digital competence awareness and the technical access levels of both male and female teacher candidates were high, however, their digital competence and motivation levels were close to low. Also, it has been revealed that overall average scores of teacher candidates from different branches differed significantly. Teacher candidates also differed significantly in having Internet and computers

Spinal cord metastasis of lung neuroendocrine tumor: magnetic resonance imaging findings

A 50-year-old woman with paralysis was admitted to our hospital. She was known to have lung neuroendocrine tumor. She had chemoradiotherapy for neuroendocrine tumor. A magnetic resonance imaging of the whole spine was performed to further evaluate her condition. Magnetic resonance imaging showed multiple hyperintense lesions on T2-weighted sequences at different levels of cervical and thoracic spinal cord (Figs. 1 Left, 2 Left). There was also avid enhancement of lesions on postcontrast T1-weighted images (Figs. 1 Middle, Right and 2 Right). Havva Kalkan, MD Kemal Odev, MD Necdet Poyraz, MD Department of Radiology Necmettin Erbakan University Meram School of Medicine Beysehir Street, Akyokus Meram, 42080, Konya, Turkey

Intoxication from Ferula sumbul leaves in a mother and her infant.

The genus Ferula comprises approximately 130 species that are distributed from the Mediterranean region to Central Asia. This genus is well documented as a source of biologically active compounds such as coumarins, terpene alcohols and sesquiterpene derivatives (1). Some of the isolated compounds of the dried roots of Ferula sumbul have anti-HIV activity and also demonstrate weak inhibition of cytokine release (1). Powder from F. sumbul roots are mixed with honey and used as aphrodisiac by men in some cultures (2). We report a case of a mother and her infant who over ingested F. sumbul leaves. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report about intoxication with F. sumbul leaves in the literature. A 5-month-old female infant presented to our pediatric emergency department with the chief complaint of vomiting that started 2 hours after breastfeeding. Her mother also presented to the adult emergency department for vomiting. A thorough history revealed that F. sumbul leaves were harvested by mistake instead of green onion from the family garden. The mother, son and husband ate uncooked F. sumbul leaves. The Grandmother realized that the ingested plant was not green onion after the family had already consumed it. The mother began to vomit 2 hours after ingestion. Past medical histories of baby and mother were unremarkable. On physical examination of the baby, the vital findings were normal. Head circumference, body weight and height were within normal limits. No abnormal findings were noted on examination. Laboratory examination showed no abnormalities in complete blood count, serum electrolytes, coagulation parameters, renal and liver function tests. The infant was hospitalized and intravenous fluid was given for 2 hours. No medication was administered. Vomiting improved after a few hours without change in clinical status. Both the mother and infant were discharged home after 5 hours in emergency department. F. sumbul is a rich source of coumarin (1). Hepatotoxicity including elevated serum transaminases and hepatomegaly has been reported following coumarin treatment (4). In our case, there was no evidence of hepatotoxicity. Previous studies have also noted coumarins’MAO inhibiting effect (3). After oral administration coumarin is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and extensively metabolized by hepatic CYP2A6 to 7-hydroxycoumarin, which is excreted in the urine. The half-life for the elimination of coumarin is 1–2 hours in humans (4). We hypothesized that vomiting 2 hours after oral intake of F. sumbul is due to MAO-A inhibition causing high serotonin levels and stimulating 5HT3 receptors. MAO-A inhibition can also cause high norepinephrine and epinephrine levels, but we did not see significant adrenergic side effects in these patients (3). Other family members that ate F. sumbul leaves did not *Corresponding author: Dr. Hatice Derin, MD, Necmettin Erbakan University, Meram Medical Faculty, Department of Pediatrics, 42080 Meram, Konya, Turkey. Tel.: +90 332 223 75 46; Fax: +90 332 223 61 81 and +90 332 223 61 82. E-mail: haticederinkurt@gmail.com. Journal of Pediatric Intensive Care 2 (2013) 193–194 DOI 10.3233/PIC-13066 IOS Press 193

Morphometric Analysis of Styloid Process Using Multidetector Computed Tomography.

Styloid process (SP) is a cylindrical anatomical structure located at the anterior side of stylomastoid foramen. Normally, it is 20 to 25 mm in length and can vary with age and sex. An elongated SP is an unusual source of craniofacial and cervical pain. In this study, the clinical role of morphometric data of SP was discussed. In this study, 64-slice multidetector computed tomography images (Somatom Sensation 64, Siemens, Germany) from Radiology Department's archive of Necmettin Erbakan University were used. The examined images were collected from 100 patients (31 female and 69 male). Length of SP (SPL), SP width (SPW), distance between SP rooths (DBR), SP's angulation, and the distance between SP and internal carotid artery (SP-ICA) were measured. Statistical differences were found regarding to the data of SPL, SPW, DBR, and SP-ICA left between sexes. No statistical significance was detected between right and left side SPL (paired t test; P = 0.989, P > 0.05). SP was observed as mostly type A1 (right %55, left %52). These parameters were also compared with those of previous studies. The present study showed side and sex differences and types of SP. We believe that it was necessary to determine the normal range of values for different populations, and this knowledge will provide guidance to surgeons in the examination of this area.

The relationship between anxiety and sleep disturbances in relatives of patients with acute physiological status changes in intensive care unit

The relationship between anxiety and sleep disturbances in relatives of patients with acute physiological status changes in intensive care unit Bekir Opus, Funda Gok, Alper Kilicaslan, Alper Yosunkaya Necmettin Erbakan University, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Turkey Background/Purpose: In relatives of patients staying in intensive care units (ICU), changes such as anxiety, depression, physical dysfunction, sleep disturbances, and social isolation may be constituted (1). We aimed to determine the relationship between the changes seen in the physiological condition of ICU patients and the common symptoms of the anxiety and sleep disorders witnessed in first-degree relatives of these patients and to draw other health professionals' attention to this issue. Methods: Providing information to one 18-year-old and over firstdegree relative of the patient hospitalized for at least 24 hours in ICU about the study, those accepting to givewritten consents were included into the study. Before the questionnaire, demographic data, Glasgow Coma Scale, and APACHE II scores (Acute Physiological and Chronic Health Evaluation) of all patients were recorded. The relatives were informed before participating into the study by the lecturer on patients' status. The first survey was conducted the earliest 24 hours after the hospitalization, and the second survey was done 21 days after the admission. In the first application, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PUKI) and, in the second, only state anxiety scale and PUKI were performed. If the patient was discharged during this moment, the tests were done either during the discharge or within the first 24 hours in the clinic. If the patient was lost, the second part of the survey was completed by inviting the relative to the hospital or in patient's home. Results: After obtaining ethical approval, 47 patients' relatives (26 men and 21 women) were included into the study. No difference was detected between TAI scores of patients' relatives on the 1st day, while an increase was seen on the 21st day as to STI scores, compared to those on admission. However, compared PUKI scores on 1st and 21st days, quality of sleep was determined to be distorted with time (P b .05). Compared to PUKI-APACHE II scores, a positive correlation was detected on the first day. A significant correlation was determined between APACHE II scoring and STI performed in patients' relatives (P b .05). This correlation was more strongly seen on the 21st day (r N 0.50). Conclusions: An increasing relationship was determined between patients' acute physiological condition and anxiety level as the time passed. However, while there was an association between acute physiological status and sleep quality at initial, the association was observed to disappear with time.

Eğitim Fakültesi Öğrencilerinin Okuma Alışkanlıkları Profili

Having the characteristics given in the definition of professional teacher is directly associated with reading habit and culture. In this regard, having reading habit at a good level is important for teacher candidates who are taken as models. The purpose of this research is to determine reading habit profiles of undergraduates of Necmettin Erbakan University Ahmet Kelesoglu Faculty of Education. According to the results of the research; it was detected that most of the teacher candidates read 1-5 books, they selected “Not having reading habit” option principally among the factors preventing their reading; their reading habit did not change as to class levels distinctly; “advice from a friend” took the top place among the factors which were effective on their reading; novel and story took the top place among the genres preferred by them; reading in their department predominantly, the internet and TV lasted less than 1 hour, hanging out with friends took 2-3 hours; the writings on the social networking sites, literary books, newspaper on internet and religious magazines were in the first four among the materials mostly preferred, most widely read Turkish writers included Iskender Pala, Elif Safak, Sinan Yagmur, Canan Tan and Resat Nuri Guntekin; most widely read foreign writers included Khaled Hosseini, Adam Fewer, Cengiz Aytmatov, Dostoyevski and Victor Hugo.

Conceptions of Learning in Light of the MI Theory

The multiple intelligences (MI) theory emphasizes the multiple nature of our brain capacity. The purpose of this study was to examine Turkish primary teacher candidates’ conceptions of learning in light of the MI theory through metaphors. The participants included 87 seniors taking an elective course in the primary education program of Necmettin Erbakan University during the spring term of 2014. They were asked to complete the prompt “Learning in light of the MI theory is similar to … because …” to write their learning images and send their compositions within a week to the researcher's e-mail account. The findings are based on the content analysis of these compositions. Overall, 25 metaphorical images were identified and five themes were developed out of them. The five themes and their representative metaphors include the following: (1) the nature of MI (e.g., rainbow), (2) the functions of MI (e.g., eating healthy), (3) the coherence of MI (e.g., our body systems’ working together), (4) the characteristics of learning (e.g., growing plants) and (5) the attributes of learners (e.g., grafting a fruit tree). It can be argued that the metaphor generating activity helped teacher candidates transform their abstract information of the MI theory into more concrete knowledge.

Ileosigmoidal knotting, an unusual form of acute intestinal obstruction.

Ileosigmoidal knotting is an unusual form of acute intestinal obstruction characterized by closed-loop obstruction of both ileum and sigmoid colon. We present 36 cases of ileosigmoidal knotting. A retrospective analysis was designed to examine preoperative, operative, and postoperative findings of the 36 patients with ileosigmoidal knotting who were surgically treated in Necmettin Erbakan University's Meram Medical Faculty (Konya, Turkey) throughout a 26-year period. The mean age was 55 (range, 47-61) years. The most common symptoms were abdominal pain, distention, obstipation, and vomiting, and the most common signs were abdominal tenderness and distention. The preoperative diagnosis was acute obstructed bowel in all patients. After resuscitation, all patients underwent emergency laparotomy. The most common type of ileosigmoidal knotting was type IA, in which the active ileum encircled the passive sigmoid in a clockwise manner. There was gangrene in both ileum and sigmoid colon in all patients. All ischemic bowels including ileum and sigmoid colon were resected and the continuity was carried out using primary anastomosis or Hartmann's procedure. Ileosigmoidal knotting is a rare disease but its preoperative diagnosis is difficult. In cases of knotting there is no form of conservative treatment. Resective surgery is absolutely necessary.

Review of our ileal pouch experience in the light of literature.

Retrospective proctocolectomy is a distinguished, sphincter saving treatment used for the treatment of ulcerative colitis and FAP disease. We aimed to evaluate ileal pouch interventions performed at our clinic and their results in the light of literature. Medical records of 35 restorative proctocolectomy and J pouch ileo-anal anastomosis surgeries performed at Necmettin Erbakan University, Meram School of Medicine between the years 2006-2013 were retrospectively examined. The patients were assessed according to their age, gender, length of hospital stay, diagnosis, follow-up duration and pouch-related complications. All patients were contacted by phone and they were scheduled for controls at the outpatient clinic. Nineteen patients were male (54%) and 16 were female (46%). Their mean age was 45 years (21-74). The mean length of hospital stay was 11 (5-20) days. Twenty two (63%) patients were operated on due to FAP, 12 (34%) due to synchronous rectum cancer and colon tumor or polyp, and one (3%) due to ulcerative colitis. All patients received J pouch and protective ileostomy. After the closure of ileostomy, two cases were identified to have J pouch fistulas. The patients were followed up for 6 months to 7 years. They were contacted by phone and they were questioned about their active complaints, number of defecations, urinary and sexual dysfunctions. It was identified that they had 5 (3-8) defecations per day on average and that 4 (11%) cases had one nocturnal defecation. No pouchitis was identified in the follow-up endoscopic examinations. Restorative proctocolectomy and ileo-anal anastomosis technique is a surgical procedure that can be performed with low rates of morbidity and mortality, including the elderly.

The presence of OXA type carbapenemases in Pseudomonas strains: first report from Turkey

Pseudomonas spp. that are one of the important nosocomial pathogens worldwide, and carbapenem resistance is observed in an increasing rate. Major factors leading to carbapenem resistance are metallo-beta-lactamases (MBLs) and carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D oxacillinases. MBLs are frequently prevalent in Pseudomonas spp., while carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D oxacillinases has been almost exclusively found in multidrug and carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of OXA-23, OXA-40 and OXA-58 genes that encode carbapenemases, in carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas spp. strains. A total of 184 imipenem and/or meropenem-resistant Pseudomonas spp. strains isolated from different clinical samples (85 bronchoalveolar lavage, 31 wound, 18 tracheal aspirate, 16 urine, 14 blood, 10 sputum, 3 catheter, 3 throat, 2 drainage fluid, 1 abscess, 1 peritoneal fluid) in Medical Microbiology Laboratory of Necmettin Erbakan University Meram Faculty of Medicine, between November 2011 to October 2013, were included in the study. The isolates were identified by conventional methods and an automated system (VITEK-2 Compact, bioMerieux, France), while the antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed with Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method and automated system according to the recommendations of CLSI. The presence of OXA-23, OXA-40 and OXA-58 genes in strains were investigated by a commercial PCR kit (Hyplex CarbOxa ID; Amplex Diagnostics GmbH, Germany). Molecular studies were carried out in three steps, namely extraction of genomic DNA; multiplex PCR amplification and hybridization. In the final step, hybridization was achieved in the ELISA-based system. In our study, 12 (6.5%) out of 184 carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas spp. strains were positive for OXA-23, 1 (0.54%) for OXA-40 and 1 (0.54%) for OXA-58, with a total positive rate of 7.6% (n= 14). Most of the carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas spp. strains (129/184; 70%) were isolated from the samples of patients in intensive-care units, and bronchoalveolar lavage specimens were the most prevalent samples (85/184; 46.2%). This study determined the presence and frequency of OXA type carbapenemases among Pseudomonas strains for the first time in our region and Turkey. These resistance genes demonstrated in Acinetobacter spp. were also detected in this study in Pseudomonas spp. and they may cause carbapenem resistance directly or by affecting the other resistance mechanisms with a synergistic effect. This study is expected to provide a basis for further studies to elucidate resistance mechanisms.

The Attitudes of Prospective Teachers towards Homosexuality: A Case Study in Konya

Sexuality has played a natural and significant role in human life throughout history and the interpretations of the values related with sexuality have varied in time and place (Pınar ve diğ., 2009). Homosexuality is also interpreted in various ways. In the modern Turkey, homosexuals are among the discriminated and marginalised groups (Gelbal ve Duyan, 2006; Oksal, 2008). 
 This study tried to determine the attitudes of prospective teachers towards homosexuality. The aim of the study is to investigate whether the attitudes of the participants vary according to gender, age and domains. Regarding this aim, the following research questions were put forward: 
 Do the attitudes of the participants vary according to gender? 
 Do the attitudes of the participants vary according to age?
 Do the attitudes of the participants vary according to domains?
 The study group was comprised of 488 students who were studying at Ahmet Kelesoglu Education Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University, in Konya, Turkey in the academic year 2011-2012. The number of female participants was 319 and the number of males was 169. The age of participants was between 19 and 22. The Attitudes towards Lesbians and Gay Men Scale (ATLG) and Personal Information Form were used as data gathering instruments.
 As regards the studies into gender variable, males have been found to have more negative attitudes than females. 
 As for the findings related with age variable, 21-22 year old participants were found to have more positive attitude towards homosexuals than other age groups. 
 The findings about the domain of the participants showed that the students with equal-weighted had more positive results towards homosexuality. 

Comparison of total laparoscopic hysterectomy and abdominal hysterectomy.

Objective:The aim of this prospective study is to evaluate and compare to the outcomes of total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH) and total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH) who performed in our clinic.Materials and Methods:We performed surgical procedures at Necmettin Erbakan University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology between January 2013 and April 2014. Forty patients who underwent TLH (group 1) compared to 40 patients who underwent TAH (group 2). The mean age of the cases, body mass index (BMI), duration of operation, the amount of blood loss, rates of complications and post operative hospital stay were compared for two groups.Results:There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups regarding age, body mass index (BMI), specimen weight, pre-operative hemoglobin (Hb) value and rates of the complications. The mean post-operative Hb value was significantly higher in group 1 than group 2 (11.5±0.8 gr/dl vs. 10.8±1.7, p=0.02). The mean time of operation was significantly longer in group 1 than in group 2 (105.4±22.9 minutes vs. 74±18, p<0.001). The mean duration of hospital stay was statistically shorter in group 1 compared to the group 2 (2.48±0.6 days vs. 4.88±1.2, p<0.001).Conclusion:Total laparoscopic hysterectomy is safe and feasible method for gynecological diseases. TLH may offer specific benefits for properly selected patients. Its advantages are lower peri-operative morbidity, improvement of quality of life, shorter hospital stay and faster return to activity.

A comparative study to determine the sport branches that the classroom pre-service teachers want to be engaged in the most in their leisure time

The purpose of the present study is to determine the sports that the university students want to do the most in their leisure which is becoming increasingly important for university students. In this regard, the present study aims to elicit the opinions of the pre-service classroom teachers from elementary education programs about the sports they want to be engaged in the most in their leisure and provide some insights into recreational facilities that should be established in campuses. The sampling of the study consists of 1082 pre-service classroom teachers from the education faculties of Necmettin Erbakan University, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, and Mugla University in 2011-2012 academic year. The participants were selected through random sample selection method. A Likert-type questionnaire developed in line with expert opinions was used to collect data. The questionnaire consists of two parts. First part is personal information form and the second part is a scale aiming to determine the sports that the participants want to perform the most in their leisure. The Cronbach Alpha reliability coefficient of the scale to determine the sports the participants want to perform the most in their leisure was found to be .628. The collected data were analyzed through SPSS 16.0 (Statistical Package for Social Science) and for the analyses, frequencies, t-test and Chi-square were used. The results obtained were presented in tables and interpreted. Out of the participants of the study, 336 are males and 746 are females. A gender-based significant difference was found among the sports the participants want to perform the most (p=.000, p<.05). The male students' attitudes towards sports (mean = 5.631) were found to be more positive than those of the female students. The sports that the students want to do the most are sequenced as follows: most preferred sport by the male students is football (87.5%), then volleyball (63.7%), swimming (60.1%), trekking (50.9%) and basketball (50.5%) and the most preferred sport by female students is volleyball (68.1%), then trekking (54.6%), swimming (53.2%) and folkdances (49.5%).

The evaluation of morphometry of nasal bone and pyriform aperture using multidetector computed tomography.

The aim of this study was to measure nasal bone (NB) and pyriform aperture (PA), morphometrically. Besides, the different types of NB and PA were classified and determined the sexual differences. Our study was performed on 120 (60 women, 60 men) multidetector computed tomography images obtained from patients who underwent radiologic examination in the Department of Radiology of Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University. The right, left, and median heights of NB; the superior and inferior widths of NB; the width of PA; and the distance between rhinion and anterior nasal spine (as the height of PA) were measured. Frontonasal and internasal angles were also determined. All data were analyzed statistically using Student's t-test. The other data of men were higher than of women except for the superior and inferior widths of NB and the frontonasal angle. We also determined the ratio of the height of PA to the height of NB on median plane and the ratio of the height of PA to the width of PA. They were found less than 2.0 in 64.2% and 100% of the cases, respectively. The NB and PA were classified into 8 and 7 different types, respectively. The knowledge of the morphometric data and different types of the NB and PA is essential for sex determination, all surgical procedures related to this area, and nasal reconstructions.

Okul Öncesi Öğretmen Adaylarının Bilim ve Bilim İnsanı Kavramlarına İlişkin Metaforik Algıları

Bu calisma okul oncesi ogretmen adaylarinin “Bilim” ve “Bilim Insani” kavramlarina yonelik sahip olduklari algilari metaforlar araciligiyla ortaya cikarmak amaciyla yapilmistir. Calisma nitel arastirma desenlerinden olgubilim desenine gore yurutulmustur. Arastirmanin verileri 2013-2014 egitim ogretim yili, guz doneminde Necmettin Erbakan Universitesi Okul Oncesi Ogretmenligi Ana Bilim Dali’nda ucuncu sinifta ogrenim gormekte olan 74 kiz, 22 erkek toplam 96 okul oncesi ogretmen adayinin “Bilim/Bilim Insani …... gibidir. Cunku ……” ifadelerini tamamlamasiyla elde edilmistir. Toplanan veriler icerik analizi teknigi ile analiz edilmis ve yorumlanmistir. Elde edilen bulgulara gore ogretmen adaylari “Bilim” kavrami icin 54, “Bilim Insani” kavrami icin 49 gecerli metafor uretmistir. Uretilen bu metaforlar daha sonra ortak ozellikleri ve benzetme yonleri dikkate alinarak kategorilestirilmistir. Bu islem sonucunda “Bilim” kavrami icin dokuz, “Bilim Insani” kavrami icin yedi kategori elde edilmistir. Okul oncesi ogretmen adaylarinin “Bilim” ve “Bilim Insani” kavramlarina yonelik olusturduklari metaforlar icinde olumsuz nitelikte bir metafora rastlanilmamistir. Ogretmen adaylarinin “Bilim” ve “Bilim Insani” algilarinin olumlu yonde oldugu ancak her iki kavrama yonelik gercekci olmayan, geleneksel algilara sahip olduklari gorulmustur.

Maratonda Yarışmak ya da Gizemli Bir Yere Yolculuk Yapmak: Sınıf Öğretmeni Adaylarının Tecrübe Ettikleri ve İdeallerindeki Öğrenme Algıları

AbstractIn this study, Turkish primary teacher candidates' experienced and ideal conceptions of were examined through metaphors. The participants of this phenomenological study included 193 sophomores taking the Principles and Methods of Teaching course at Ahmet Kele?o?lu Education Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University, in the fall of the 2011-2012 academic year. Data were gathered from the compositions written by the participants by using two open-ended prompts (For me, was like because ... and To me, is/should be like because ...) and analyzed using the content analysis technique. According to the findings of the study, participants conceptualized their experienced with 18 metaphorical images and ideal with 25 metaphorical images. The three categories and some of the corresponding metaphors representing the participants' experienced include the following: (1) learning as an involuntary/compulsory activity (racing in the marathon), (2) learning as memorization/ accumulation of (recording with a video camera), and (3) learning as a temporary/momentary activity (putting makeup on). The six categories and some of the corresponding metaphors representing the participants' ideal include the following: (1) learning as exploring (traveling to a mysterious place), (2) learning as active (bees honey), (3) learning as meaning making (putting together the pieces of a puzzle), (4) learning as schema generation (recharging the brain), (5) learning as a social (playing games with friends), and (6) learning as self-actualization (learning how to catch fish). While participants associated their experienced with more negative metaphorical images and more features of surface (knowledge increase, memorization), they paralleled their ideal with more positive metaphorical images and more features of deep (meaning making, self-actualization). In addition, the experienced and ideal conceptions gathered from the participation and views of only one education faculty's pre-service teachers need to be validated by the views of more teacher candidates studying at other teacher training institutions.Key WordsConceptions of Learning, Metaphorical Image, Phenomenology, Prospective Primary Teacher, Qualitative Research.Learning has always been a major phenomenon of interest for researchers in the fields of education and psychology. For example, according to Barber (2012), occurs through the means of (a) establishing a relation/connection, the discovery of a similarity or a common bond between ideas or skills, which themselves remain distinctive; (b) application across different contexts, the transfer of knowledge or skills from one context to another; and (c) synthesis of a new whole, the creation of new knowledge or understanding by combining two or more insights.Likewise, Shuell (1990a) postulates that meaningful is an active and cumulative process that occurs gradually in certain phases. During the initial phase, the learner encounters some isolated pieces of information that he or she needs to memorize and interpret by using his or her pre-existing schema. During the intermediate phase, the learner gradually starts to establish some similarities and relationships among the conceptually isolated pieces of information. During the terminal phase, the knowledge structure and schema formed during the previous phase become better integrated and function more autonomously.Alexander, Schallert and Reynolds (2009) draw attention to nine attributes of learning: (1) Learning is change: a change happens in the learner as a result of learning; (2) Learning is inevitable, essential, and ubiquitous: humans can neither prevent the occurrence of learning, nor can they hope to survive without it; (3) Learning can be resisted: there are instances in which humans resist learning, especially when the effort required by are deemed too great and the rewards as a result of are considered insignificant; (4) Learning may be disadvantageous: may be detrimental, like to smoke; (5) Learning can be tacit and incidental as well as conscious and intentional: can take place formally and informally; (6) Learning is framed by our humanness: our personal characteristics play a critical role in how and what we learn; (7) Learning refers to both a process and a product: as process refers to the way it takes place, while as product refers to the outcome of the process; (8) Learning is different at different points in time: we learn differently at different ages and the accumulation of our experiences affect our process; and (9) Learning is interactive: a continual change occurs not only in learners, but also the context in which takes place. …

THE EXAMINATION OF BAGLAMA INSTRUCTION SUPPORTED BY TRADITIONAL TURKISH ART MUSIC IN THE MUSIC TEACHER TRAINIG INSTITUTIONS

ABSTRACT This research contains the results and the research of baglama instruction supported by Traditional Turkish Art Music in the music teacher training institutions. The necessary data has been obtained by scanning related resources on the subject of the study and three study groups have been established related to the research. The first study group consists of eight expert lecturers who have conducted and are giving baglama lessons in the Faculty of Fine Arts, State Conservatories and Music Teacher Training Departments of the Education Faculty, where structured interviews are carried out. The second study group was created in order to evaluate the process of implementation of courses and examinations and consist of three baglama lecturers. And the third study group consists of four baglama students who are at the second semester of the first grade in the Music Teacher Training Department of Education Faculty of Necmettin Erbakan University, where the experiment was carried out. A 2-student control group and a 2-student experiment group were created in the experimental process of the research. In this 15-week process, the static group comparison which is an experimental design was used. A total of 3 units, to be implemented as a unit for every 5 weeks, were created and baglama teaching – training was applied to the control group without the support of the Traditional Turkish Art Music, while it was applied to experimental group with the support of the Traditional Turkish Art Music. At the end of each 5-week, groups were given a two-part test, including performance and theory. All applied courses and exams were recorded with a video camera to have healthier evaluations. All results of all the tests were evaluated and interpreted with comparisons. Key Words: Music Education, Baglama, Baglama Training, Traditional Turkish Folk Music, Traditional Turkish Art Music.

An Investigation of Sexual/Reproductive Health Issues in Women with a Physical Disability

Women with a physical disability continue to live with many physical, psychological, and social challenges. Long-term disability in women leads to negative consequences on their sexual functions. The study was designed to investigate sexual challenges in women with a physical disability. Employing a qualitative design, the study was conducted with ten married women with a physical disability, who fit into the inclusion criteria and had applied to the Physical Treatment and Rehabilitation Department of the Meram Medical Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University, in Konya, Turkey. The data related to women’s sexual experiences, were analyzed using descriptive and content analysis. All participants were homemakers from middle-income families, with at least one child, and were socially supported by their families since their disorder. In addition to physical disability in all cases, seven participants were diagnosed with concomitant hypertension with diabetes mellitus, and three with concomitant chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with diabetes mellitus. All were found to experience sexual problems. Sexual dysfunction is seen as a frequently encountered health challenge in women with a physical disability and should definitely be evaluated in each patient. In light of our findings, it may be suggested that healthcare professionals should be made aware of the sexual lives of women with a physical disability and should be trained for counseling.

The Attitudes of Prospective Teachers towards Homosexuality: A Case Study in Konya

Sexuality has played a natural and significant role in human life throughout history and the interpretations of the values related with sexuality have varied in time and place Pinar ve dig., 2009 . Homosexuality is also interpreted in various ways. In the modern Turkey, homosexuals are among the discriminated and marginalised groups Gelbal ve Duyan, 2006; Oksal, 2008 . This study tried to determine the attitudes of prospective teachers towards homosexuality. The aim of the study is to investigate whether the attitudes of the participants vary according to gender, age and domains. Regarding this aim, the following research questions were put forward: Do the attitudes of the participants vary according to gender? Do the attitudes of the participants vary according to age? Do the attitudes of the participants vary according to domains? The study group was comprised of 488 students who were studying at Ahmet Kelesoglu Education Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University, in Konya, Turkey in the academic year 2011-2012. The number of female participants was 319 and the number of males was 169. The age of participants was between 19 and 22. The Attitudes towards Lesbians and Gay Men Scale ATLG and Personal Information Form were used as data gathering instruments. As regards the studies into gender variable, males have been found to have more negative attitudes than females. As for the findings related with age variable, 21-22 year old participants were found to have more positive attitude towards homosexuals than other age groups. The findings about the domain of the participants showed that the students with equal-weighted had more positive results towards homosexuality.