Nautical Students Research Articles

An enquiry of English learning materials appropriacy for nautical students

Nautical students are required to have communicative competence in English that will be beneficial for their future careers. However, the teaching and learning implemented remain insufficient in terms of sources, learning topics, and learning materials. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate teacher’s and students’ preferences in teaching English for Specific Purposes (ESP) and elaborate the learning needs. This study utilizes a mix-methods approach which involves fifty-three nautical students and an ESP teacher at a maritime polytechnic located in East Java. The needs analysis was conducted by distributing online questionnaires containing three sections, such as (1) students’ current level of English competency, (2) skills priorities, and (3) learning topics needs. The semi-structured interview was conducted virtually with the teacher. The results of the questionnaire and interview were synthesized and summarized. The findings demonstrate that students’ English proficiency is at beginner to low intermediate level. Furthermore, speaking is stated as the most imperative skill among the students. However, in order to maximize speaking ability, the development of listening topics and sources is required. In addition, some developments for other skills are also required due to the inadequacy and unavailability of learning topics in the syllabus. Future research is worth conducting aiming at developing the ESP syllabus for Nautical students.Kesesuaian materi pembelajaran bahasa Inggris untuk mahasiswa pelayaranSiswa pelayaran dituntut untuk memiliki kompetensi komunikatif dalam bahasa Inggris yang akan bermanfaat untuk karir mereka di masa depan. Namun, pembelajaran yang dilaksanakan masih belum memadai dari segi sumber dan bahan ajar. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyelidiki preferensi guru dan siswa dalam mengajar English for Specific Purposes (ESP) dan mengelaborasi kebutuhan pembelajaran. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan metode campuran yang melibatkan lima puluh tiga mahasiswa pelayaran dan seorang guru ESP di sebuah politeknik pelayaran yang terletak di Jawa Timur. Analisis kebutuhan dilakukan dengan membagikan kuesioner online yang berisi tiga bagian, yaitu (1) tingkat kompetensi bahasa Inggris siswa saat ini, (2) prioritas keterampilan, dan (3) kebutuhan materi pembelajaran. Wawancara semi-terstruktur dilakukan secara daring dengan guru. Hasil kuesioner dan wawancara disintesis dan dirangkum. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa kecakapan bahasa Inggris siswa berada pada tingkat pemula hingga menengah rendah. Selanjutnya, berbicara dinyatakan sebagai keterampilan yang paling penting di kalangan siswa. Namun, untuk memaksimalkan kemampuan berbicara, diperlukan pengembangan bahan dan sumber menyimak. Selain itu, beberapa pengembangan keterampilan lain juga diperlukan karena ketidakcukupan dan tidak tersedianya topik dan materi dalam silabus. Penelitian di masa depan perlu dilakukan dengan tujuan mengembangkan silabus ESP untuk siswa pelayaran.

Research on the Path of Improving Vocational Literacy and Talent Ability of Nautical Students in the Era of Artificial Intelligence

Abstract Nautical talents are the first resource and fundamental guarantee for the development of marine careers, strengthening the construction of nautical talents and realizing the effective supply of nautical talents have become the urgent task of building a strong marine country. This paper combines the basic situation of the current nautical personnel training and the training requirements of nautical personnel, constructs the vocational literacy and ability enhancement path of nautical students based on the integration of post-course, race, and certificate under the guidance of the OBE concept, and constructs the corresponding index system. Subsequently, combining the hierarchical analysis method and entropy weight method, the weights of the indicators in the evaluation system of nautical students’ vocational quality and talent ability are calculated, and the cloud model is utilized to evaluate the vocational quality and talent ability of nautical talents after cultivation. The results of the study show that the comprehensive evaluation level of the vocational quality and talent ability of the maritime students of Jimei University after the implementation of the pathway is “good”. Among the secondary evaluation indexes, the vocational concept evaluation cloud has the highest degree of affiliation, which is 9.31. This indicates that the vocational concept of navigation students is being cultivated at a very high level. The evaluation result of “vocational behavior” also belongs to the “good” level. The cultivation path proposed in this paper provides a reference for the enhancement of the vocational quality and ability of nautical talents, and it can improve the cultivation of nautical talents through the synergistic approach of government, industry, enterprise, and school, and guarantee the enhancement of the vocational ability and career expansion of nautical talents.

The effects of Augmented Reality on operator Situation Awareness and Head-Down Time

A lack of navigator's Situation Awareness (SA) is one of the leading causes of maritime accidents. Visually observing the area surrounding a vessel continues to be a critical aspect and best practice of safe navigation to establish and maintain SA. Augmented Reality (AR) allows the placement of information in a user's field of view, which can encourage navigators to spend more time looking up at their external environment whilst still having access to operational data. However, empirical evidence on the impact of AR on maritime operations is limited. This paper investigates the effects of AR on navigator SA & Head-Down Time (HDT) using a within-group quasi-experimental design. Seventeen licensed navigators and nautical students analysed twelve navigation scenarios: six non-AR (control) and six AR (experimental) scenarios using a maritime training simulator. SA was measured via SAGAT scores for each scenario and the SA-SWORD to compare preferences. Each scenario was video recorded and analysed for participant's total amount of HDT and head-down occurrences in each scenario. Results found that the addition of AR significantly reduced participant HDT (by a factor of 2.67) and head-down occurrences (by 62%) in comparison to navigation scenarios without AR. Furthermore, AR did not significantly improve mean SA. This study contributes to the limited empirical data on the effects of AR on operator performance, demonstrating the potential value of AR for improving SA and facilitating increased head-up time during maritime navigation, which in turn could improve safety at sea.

TEACHING COLREGS AT MARITIME ENGLISH LESSONS

The article substantiates the necessity of teaching the Collision regulations at the Maritime English lessons in higher maritime educational institutions in order to increase nautical students’ knowledge and ability to apply Colregs in required circumstances and as the final result it could help to decrease the number of collisions at sea. The paper demonstrates the sequence of activities for thorough study of the Colregs at the Maritime English lessons. It is recommended that each lesson devoted to Colregs study is organized in accordance with communicative and contentbased approaches and the requirements of IMO Model Course 3.17. The structural parts of the lesson are starter, presentation, practice and production, each of with includes different types of activities for practicing Colregs. The interactive tasks are aimed to engage students emotionally in the material, to activate their knowledge, to practice using the new language accurately, to integrate the new language items in communication activities. The activities are based on authentic documents, real-life scenarios and official maritime accident reports. Internet resources and information technologies should also be implemented in classroom and independent Colregs study in order to increase students’ interest and motivation, and give them opportunity to improve their Colregs knowledge and English skills even while on the voyage. The essential competency which students will be able to demonstrate is to summarise the necessary and appropriate actions of the bridge team members in manoeuvers and collision avoidance situations according to Colregs. The findings of this paper can be used by Maritime English teachers in lessons planning and will aid students in learning and understanding Colregs through language learning in compliance with the STCW requirements and the Model course Maritime English.

Needs Analysis of Oral and Written Communication in English for Nautical Students At Grade XII in SMKN 4 Bengkulu City

The design of this research is quantitative-qualitative descriptive research. The purpose of this research are first to analyze the needs of oral and written communication in English of nautical students in SMKN 4 Bengkulu and second to analyze the implementation of the students’ need. The subjects of this research are students of SMKN 4 Bengkulu 12th grade, English teachers in SMKN 4 Bengkulu, graduates of Nautical Study Program, and the stakeholders in the field of maritime. In this study, researcher used the needs analysis to find what are the need of oral and written of English for nautical students grade XII in SMKN 4 Bengkulu. The instruments that used in this study are questionnaires and interview. The result of the needs of oral and written of English for nautical students grade XII in SMKN 4 Bengkulu is the materials, topics, and activities that support their activities especially speaking and writing to work in the maritime field with simplified material that is suitable for beginner level and the needs can be implemented in lesson plan through the activity like monologue, watching film about cruise ship, and singing, but it will not appropriate with the curriculum set by the government.

Enhancing the Announcement Text Writing Skills of Nautical Science Students’ by Employing Scaffolding Approach

The aim of the study is to improve the announcement text writing skills of Nautical Science students by employing scaffolding technique. Participants of the study were Diploma Nautical Science (DNS), B.Sc. Nautical science students, and General Purpose rating students from Southern Academy of Maritime Studies (SAMS), Panapakkam. Essay writing was given to collect data for a sample size of fifty (50) Nautical Science students. The problem statement of the study is that the nautical students are weak in marine vocabularies and unable to understand the announcement text. Announcement text is very important in ship. They are unable to frame an announcement text with complete meaning. The hypothesis of the study is to enhance the announcement text writing skills of nautical science students by employing scaffolding approach. The objectives of the study are i) To improve the announcement text writing skills of maritime students ii) To learn the importance of standard marine navigational vocabulary iii) To bring awareness on marine English. The research questions are i) Can marine students develop their announcement text writing skills through scaffolding technique? ii) Can students learn standard marine navigational vocabulary? iii) Will students improve their language proficiency through learning announcement text? The co-operative theory is utilized in this study. The findings of the study are that students improved the announcement text writing skills of maritime students by employing scaffolding approach.

Enhancing the Announcement Text Writing Skills of Nautical Science Students’ by Employing Scaffolding Approach

The aim of the study is to improve the announcement text writing skills of Nautical Science students by employing scaffolding technique. Participants of the study were Diploma Nautical Science (DNS), B.Sc. Nautical science students, and General Purpose rating students from Southern Academy of Maritime Studies (SAMS), Panapakkam. Essay writing was given to collect data for a sample size of fifty (50) Nautical Science students. The problem statement of the study is that the nautical students are weak in marine vocabularies and unable to understand the announcement text. Announcement text is very important in ship. They are unable to frame an announcement text with complete meaning. The hypothesis of the study is to enhance the announcement text writing skills of nautical science students by employing scaffolding approach. The objectives of the study are i) To improve the announcement text writing skills of maritime students ii) To learn the importance of standard marine navigational vocabulary iii) To bring awareness on marine English. The research questions are i) Can marine students develop their announcement text writing skills through scaffolding technique? ii) Can students learn standard marine navigational vocabulary? iii) Will students improve their language proficiency through learning announcement text? The co-operative theory is utilized in this study. The findings of the study are that students improved the announcement text writing skills of maritime students by employing scaffolding approach.

Psychological Problems Faced by Nautical Students of Politeknik Bumi Akpelni Semarang in Speaking Maritime English

This study aimed to explain: (1) psychological problems faced by nautical students in speaking maritime English and it causes, (2) the effects of psychological problems to speaking maritime English, and (3) the class situation that expected by the students. This study employs a qualitative case study. In order to collect the data, the researchers used classroom observation, questionnaire, and semi-structured interview. This study revealed that: (1) There were only four of five prominents pychological problems faced by nautical students in speaking maritime English, they were; fear of mistakes because most of the students were afraid if they could not deliver the message clearly, mispronounced, and then being laughed by their friends; shyness because they felt that their friends had better ability rather than themselves; anxiety because they did not understand English well and some of them were lacking of vocabularies, grammar, and they were afraid of being negatively evaluated by their friends or lecturers; lack of confidence because they felt that their English were bad and other friends were better than themselves, so they did not believe in themselves and felt insecure. However, they did not have problems regarding their motivation because they really wanted to sail abroad. (2) There were effects of psychological problems because it made the students’ performance was not maximal yet. (3) Most of students wanted a relaxed, happy, and supportive speaking class situation, while some of them expected that speaking class was not too relaxed because they have to be forced in learning.

Designing appropriate English learning materials for Nautical Department at Politeknik Ilmu Pelayaran Semarang

This research is aimed to find out the target and learning needs of Nautical students at PIP Semarang and designing the appropriate material for Nautical students at PIP Semarang. This is a Research and Development project. The steps of doing this research are (1) need analysis (2) make syllabus (3) designing materials (4) expert consultation (5) try out material (6) evaluation. The subject of this research is the third-semester students of Nautical department at PIP Semarang. The instruments used are questionnaires for need analysis, interview guide and observation sheets. The data were analyzed by using descriptive quantitative and qualitative. The results of the research recommend three units namely (1) Initial Call (2) Message Marker and (3) On Board Communication Phrases which are developed with communicative approach. The research gives contribution to the teaching and learning English at Nautical Department of Politeknik Ilmu Pelayaran Semarang.

The Need Analysis of Maritime English Learning Materials for Nautical Students of Maritime Academy in Indonesia Based on STCW’2010 Curriculum

This study was aimed to investigate the Maritime English learning materials needed by the students of nautical department of Maritime Academy in Indonesia based in STCW’2010 curriculum. The participants of the research were the seafarers, the port authorities, the shipping business employees, the English lecturers, and the cadets of Maritime Academy. They were totally about 48 participants. They were selected by using purposive random sampling technique. There were three types of instruments for collecting data those were questionaire, documentary sheet, and interview. The results of the study shows that 1) there were three basic leaning materials categories of Maritime English namely a) the nautical contents, b) language skills, and c) languistic features and 2) the level of needs of those materials were different from categories to another categories and within categories.

English Oral Communication Apprehension in Students of Indonesian Maritime

Oral communication is essential for people’s workplace performance as well as for university students learning English. Speaking fluently is also crucial for maritime academy students prepared to work in industries abroad. Students need to believe in their ability to speak English. For this reason, sound communication skills are necessary for maritime students so they can compete with seafarer or sailor from other countries. The purpose of this research was to identify the level of oral communication apprehension of nautical students of Akademi Maritim Indonesia (Indonesian Maritime Academy) AIPI Makassar. The sample consisted of 10 first year students at nautical of AMI AIPI Makassar. Data was gathered through questionnaires adapted from Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Class Scale (FLCAS). The findings indicated that students were generally apprehensive in EFL oral communication. The students showed the highest apprehension for public speaking. The level of nautical students’ apprehension based on observation and supported by the modified FLCAS were 20% in the low category, 60% in the moderate category, and 20% in the high category. Students in the high apprehension category showed more symptoms than students in the moderate and low apprehension categories.

The Language Learning Strategies Used by Students of Merchant Marine Studies Polytechnics Makassar

This thesis aims to (1) to investigate the kinds of language learning strategies the merchant marine polytechnics students use in learning English, (2) to investigate the most dominant language learning strategies used by successful and unsuccessful students, and (3) to find out whether or not the successful students employ different language learning strategies from the unsuccessful students. The researcher applied descriptive quantitative method. The population of this research was the students of merchant marine polytechnics of Makassar in academic year 2014/2015. The sample was the fourth semester students of nautical study program, class C which consisted of 30 students. This research used cluster random sampling technique. This research used 2 kinds of instruments; they were English skill tests and questionnaire. The research data was collected by using English skill tests and SILL questionnaire which were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistic through SPSS 20.0 for windows program.The result of the descriptive quantitative data showed that (1) the nautical students of merchant marine polytechnics used six kinds of language learning strategies namely metacognitive, compensation, social, memory, cognitive, and affective strategy (2) the most dominantly used language learning strategies among the successful students is metacognitive strategy and the most frequently used language learning strategies among unsuccessful students is social strategy (3) there is a difference in using language learning strategies between successful students and unsuccessful students. The six language learning strategies were employed by the students in learning English. The successful students employed two kinds of language learning strategies; metacognitive and compensation strategy while the unsuccessful students employed four kinds of language learning strategies namely social, memory, cognitive, and affective strategy. Keywords: Language Learning Strategies, Successsful/Unsuccessful Students, Metacognitive, Compensation, Social, Memory, Cognitive, And Affective Strategy

Intercultural Education, a Response to Contemporary Multilingual Societies and a New Challenge for Maritime Education and Training (MET) Institutions

Globalization has made intercultural communication inevitable. Communicating with other cultures characterizes today's workplace, classroom, and community. Intercultural communication is of importance in any career field, but for maritime institutions, especially, this topic has become a ‚must-have’ of education.The teacher faces new challenges while teaching students pertaining to different cultural and ethnic environments. The way of approaching such issues is vital if we aim to achieve a peaceful global unity. On the other hand the onboard training of our nautical students has come in the aid of identifying the features of the challenges they face during their onboard training. Such challenges are the result of a multicultural crew dynamics made up of different people speaking different languages.This is the reason of tackling such a topic in our paper as we are trying to develop methodological and pedagogical strategies for intercultural education adapted both to our own environment and to the cultural diversity that our students must absorb. The results of our research will help us to develop and implement the “Intercultural Communication Onboard Ships” as a course that is to be implemented within marine education curriculum

Analysis of students’ perceptions of seafaring career in China based on artificial neural network and genetic programming

Research indicates that the worldwide shortage of qualified seafarers has been due to the rapidly increasing world merchant fleet on the one hand and the difficulty of attracting and retaining people in the industry on the other. The paper argues that in the context of the Chinese shipping industry, the high “wastage” is one of the major contributors to the shortage. The aims of the research are to examine the motives of students studying nautical courses; identify the key factors affecting nautical students to choose seafaring career, and to predict students’ career choice behavior. The research finds that (a) those who had a clear sense of their future career when enrolled in the nautical studies tend to choose a seafaring career and remain active for a longer period of time; (b) high wage is the most important factor affecting students’ decisions to choose seafaring as a career; (c) prolonged separation from family, job opportunities ashore, and concern about children’s growth and education are among the top three factors for students not to choose a seafaring career or to quit it early; and (d) nautical students’ career choice behaviors can be predicted through the use of artificial neural network (ANN) and genetic programming (GP) with five rules being generated. This novel methodological approach, a combination of ANN and GP, has been proven to be effective in analyzing complex variables and in generating rules.

On the bridge to learn: Analysing the social organization of nautical instruction in a ship simulator

Research on simulator training has rarely focused on the way simulated contexts are constructed collaboratively. This study sheds light on how structuring role-play and fostering social interactions may prove fruitful for designing simulator training. The article reports on a qualitative study of nautical students training in a ship simulator. The study examines how a group of students, together with a professional maritime pilot, enacted professional roles and collaboratively constructed a simulated context for learning to navigate. Their activities on the bridge were framed within the maritime profession’s hierarchical system of captain and officers, and we examine in detail how these institutionally defined positions become important resources for meaning-making during role-play. The article portrays how two competing activity contexts were constructed, and how the role-play provided opportunities for enacting professional roles and work tasks. However, it also shows that it is challenging to pick up on what is significant to learn and to confront this in debriefing. The article concludes that the students’ collaboration and meaning-making is an entity of training that may be more efficiently addressed.

Systemic assessment of the effect of mental stress and strain on performance in a maritime ship-handling simulator

Two studies will be presented as part of a systemic approach for assessing performance in nautical simulators. A mixed-methods quasi-experimental field study (N=6) was conducted, aiming at discerning the systemic causes behind nautical students’ human errors during simulator exercises and to what extent these causes can be related to the layout of a new decision supporting display. Results indicate that all errors occur under the same kind of (demanding) man-machine interaction. Based on this, design requirements were proposed. The second study aims at exploring the impact of situation-related affective arousal on system safety. Anger- and frustration-like situations will be generated and the possible impact of these affect-laden situations on the risk- and error-related performance of simulator ship bridge crews assessed. The studies address different aspects of performance in complex environments and their modularity towards each other will be highlighted in the context of an overall systemic perspective.