Nature Of Services Research Articles

Academic, Сommercialization and Societal Effects of Joint Research

The work investigates the effects that a specific science industry collaboration scheme, joint research, generates in three areas, such as: production of academic activities, scientific knowledge commercialization and society at large. It is an in-depth work on joint research in a developing country that covers three different types of effects. The work highlights the specific industrial contributions that make it possible such effects to be verified, with special attention to societal effects, an aspect rarely present in the literature. Based on some dimensions that recent literature has identified and where more empirical evidence is needed, a multiple case study has been carried out through the selection of three public private collaborations in Argentine biopharmaceutical sector responding to joint research characteristics. Among the main findings, the identification of the different ways in which relationship with industry allows science: to intensify its publication activity, by having more resources and identifying new thematic niches to publish; to improve teaching, using co-generated knowledge and shared equipment; to expand its research agenda both towards applied topics and towards more basic ones. Likewise, relationship with industry allows knowledge generation that, in addition to being central in the creation of start-ups and patents, also contribute to perform new services of commercial nature. Finally, joint research generates effects that benefit society in general, through cheaper domestic diagnostic or therapeutic solutions improving public health.

The role of proximity in omnichannel customer experience: a service logic perspective

PurposeThis article proposes a new theoretical background against which to measure customer experience for omnichannel service deliveries and communications based on the concept of proximity. This represents a first step in developing a new measurement approach for omnichannel customer experience.Design/methodology/approachThe methodological approach is based on literature review and theory development. Various streams of literature are integrated on the basis of their interactionist nature (service logic, psychological distance theory, and omnichannel customer experience literature), and theory is developed based thereon.FindingsSuccessful omnichannel service deliveries and communications should build proximity with the customer during interactions at the different touchpoints. Proximity represents the value-in-use for the customer, who is coproducer of value at each interaction. Proximity can be applied to all touchpoints, thus strengthening seamlessness for omnichannel service deliveries and communications.Originality/valueThis research advances knowledge by integrating the concepts of omnichannel and proximity under the lenses of service logic. The author proposes a new theoretical background for the measurement of omnichannel customer experience that contributes to the literature. In modern omnichannel service deliveries and communications, a measurement approach based on proximity fulfills the need to reconcile customer experiences at both remote and physical touchpoints for a holistic and coherent customer experience. Use of the four proximity dimensions (social, temporal, spatial, and hypothetical) gives flexibility to managers to build proximity across remote and physical touchpoints in different industries.

The Absolute Advantage in Foreign Trade at the Stage of 4.0 Globalization

Penetrating into all spheres of human activity at the stage of 4.0 globalization, information technologies not only and not so much lead to structural shifts in the economy, putting the service sector and the information sector onto the first place, and carry more constructive consequences. A new type of society is being formed in which knowledge, information, information and communication technologies, goods and services of an appropriate nature are in great demand. Those economic entities that are able to generate them among the first to receive a huge number of exceptional benefits. And, those who become their main suppliers to the world market get an absolute advantage. The article examines the level of development of the post-industrial and information society in the countries of the G7 group, the Scandinavian Peninsula, the «small» countries of Western Europe, the former colonies of Great Britain, South Korea, Russia and China. The uneven entry of these countries into the post-industrial economy and information society is revealed. It is proved that both the leading post-industrial and information economies cannot act currently as states receiving the maximum increment of utility, both from industrial and foreign trade activities in the context of 4.0 globalization. The exceptional positions in the structure of the modern world order of the USA, their companies and individuals generating unique information products are substantiated. The article proves the strengthening of the role of micro-level subjects in the implementation of the macroeconomic strategy of the state in the conditions of informatization of the economy and society.

BUSINESS INCUBATION SCENE IN THE PANDEMIC THROUGH AN OPEN INNOVATION APPROACH – LATVIA CASE STUDY

INTRODUCTION 
 The concept of Open Innovation (OI) is recognised by researchers and practitioners internationally, but research on business incubation and incubators as OI partners promoting co-creation, collaboration, co-petition is missing the explanation of how OI in a pandemic transforms business incubation. Business incubators (BIs) are defined as a tool “to help small start-ups overcome liabilities of newness and smallness” (Vanderstraeten et al.,2020). The research aims to investigate the actual business incubation situation in Latvia in the pandemic with the focus on the OI approach. What is the business incubation scene in a pandemic? This remains the research question, addressing the hypothesis - the pandemic facilitated changes in national incubation promoting online co-creation, co-petition and collaboration.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS
 The Latvian business incubation scene was the main research field of the postdoctoral research project “Open Innovation”. Descriptive analyses of various incubator types in Latvia were performed, identifying the types of incubators including the University, industry and state-run incubators, incubation services and requirements. The content analyses of the co-occurrence of key services were conducted by mapping the incubation service area. The research period was during the pandemic time of 2021, when several socialisation restrictions came into force in Latvia, thus, shifting incubation online.
 RESULTS 
 The pandemic facilitated changes in the national incubation system, promoting online co-creation, co-petition and collaboration in the business incubation field offering online nature services to tenants. External online expertise, as well as online mentoring support, were the OI outside-in strategy activities offered to tenants.
 DISCUSSION
 The incubation requirements regarding tenants’ recruitment still differ in Latvia, offering the incubation from the idea stage to real time performance, and work in business incubators was on-going even in the pandemic. The nature of services switched to on-line and distance incubation, addressing the basic needs of tenants. The future research could focus on the further elaboration of measurement between the impact of on-site and on-line services on tenants’ performance.
 CONCLUSION
 The description of the national incubation scene during the pandemic is both a theoretical and practical novelty of this research, as this was the first time in the Latvia business incubation field when on-site services were restricted due to the pandemic. This research proved the importance of the business incubation function in entrepreneurship support and the ability of incubators to provide this function on-line.

Pedagogical Foundations of Creating a Digital Service for Future Substitute Parents

The problem and the goal. The policy of family placement of orphaned children and children left without parental care has actualized the problem of finding the most resourceful substitute families. The goal is to ensure the quality of life of a child in a substitute family, the coincidence of the interests of the family and the child, the prevention of the return of children to social institutions. The way is to create digital services for finding a resource family for a child. The purpose of the article. Scientific substantiation of the theoretical and methodological foundations of creating a digital service for future substitute parents. Methodology. Digitalization is increasingly being introducing into social relations. The figure brings considerable convenience in the process of receiving social services, individualization of social security, inclusion in the social life of people with health restrictions, expansion of social interpersonal contacts. At the same time, it is precisely social relations that, during the transition to digitalization, are most exposed to the risks of escaping from reality, disrupting socialization, and deforming interpersonal relationships. When developing digital services of a social nature. It is necessary to take into account strict scientific approach in the selection of information, to maintain the orientation of the service to a person, his development and humanism, to focus on public goals and values, to take into account the risks of using digital technologies in the process of organizing public life. In conclusion, it is concluding that these theoretical and methodological guidelines were fully taking into account by the developers of the digital platform for future substitute parents. The digital service was developed by specialists of the Sunny City Charitable Foundation in Novosibirsk and included a set of tools with which future substitute parents could assess their parental potential, get acquainted with the socio-psychological characteristics of the future foster child and find common ground between the interests of the child and the family. The service was aiming at developing social participation of citizens in solving the problem of orphanhood.

A System Model of Fault Tolerance Technique in the Distributed and Scalable System: A Review

Fault tolerance is one of the most crucial concerns in distributed systems. Flout tolerance system is very difficult to implement due to its dynamic nature and complex services. Several research efforts consare istently being made to implement that tolerance in a distributed system. Some recent surveys try to incorporate the several fault tolerance architectures and methodologies proposed for a distributed system. This paper gives a systematic and comprehensive interpretation of different fault types, their causes, and various fault-tolerance approaches used in a distributed system. The paper presents a broad survey of various fault tolerance frameworks in the context of their basic approaches, fault applicability, and other key features. we investigate the different techniques of fault tolerance which is used in a distributed and scalable system. Scalability is an important factor in distributed Systems. It describes the ability of the system to dynamically adjust its own computing performance by changing available computing resources and scheduling methods. The focus of this paper is on types of faults occurring in the system and fault detection techniques. A fault can occur in the system due to the link failure or for any other reason. An appropriate fault detection technique can avoid a loss and save from system failure. The main objective of the fault-tolerant computer system is to continue operating uninterrupted despite the failure of one or more of its components. In the early day’s computer systems were not distributed and they also did not share resources. Now, most of the computers are distributed. They work independently on a common task. So, if one system gets any fault then the other systems will take over the computation of the fault system. The user will not get any issues with his tasks.

Ethical opportunities in deep-sea collection of polymetallic nodules from the Clarion-Clipperton Zone.

Infrastructure supporting the transition of human societies from fossil fuels to renewable energy will require hundreds of millions of tons of metals. Polymetallic nodules on the abyssal seabed of the Clarion‐Clipperton Zone (CCZ), eastern North Pacific Ocean, could provide them. We focus on ethical considerations and opportunities available to the novel CCZ nodule‐collection industry, integrating robust science with strong pillars of social and environmental responsibility. Ethical considerations include harm to sea life and recovery time, but also the value of human life, indigenous rights, rights of nature, animal rights, intrinsic values, and intangible ecosystem services. A “planetary perspective” considers the biosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere, extends beyond mineral extraction to a life‐cycle view of impacts, and includes local, national, and global impacts and stakeholders. Stakeholders include direct nodule‐collection actors, ocean conservationists, companies, communities, interest groups, nations, and citizens globally, plus counterfactual stakeholders involved with or affected by intensification of terrestrial mining if ocean metals are not used. Nodule collection would harm species and portions of ecosystems, but could have lower life‐cycle impacts than terrestrial mining expansion, especially if nodule‐metal producers explicitly design for it and stakeholders hold them accountable. Participants across the value chain can elevate the role of ethics in strategic objective setting, engineering design optimization, commitments to stakeholders, democratization of governance, and fostering of circular economies. The International Seabed Authority is called to establish equitable and transparent distribution of royalties and gains, and continue engaging scientists, economists, and experts from all spheres in optimizing deep‐sea mineral extraction for humans and nature. Nodule collection presents a unique opportunity for an ambitious reset of ecological norms in a nascent industry. Embracing ethical opportunities can set an example for industrial‐scale activities on land and sea, accelerate environmental gains through environmental competition with land ores, and hasten civilization's progress toward a sustainable future. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2022;18:634–654. © 2021 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).

Racionalidad y Justicia Ambiental: La Elusiva Injusticia de la Vida

Law is not justice, says the Manifesto for Life. The justice system established in modernity (the legality of a positive law) does not manage to contain the will to dominate exercised by the ontological regime of modernity over the degradation of life and to adjust human behavior within the conditions of life. . Environmental justice transcends the order of the economy (even of the ecological economy) as a mechanism of the social distribution of human justice of environmental goods and services of nature, to institute another idea of ​​fairness under the principles of human dignity and in the immanence of life. Environmental justice seeks to establish a criterion of fairness for the construction of other possible worlds based on the principles that sustain the disjunctive category of environmental rationality: an ontology of the diversity of life, a politics of difference, and ethics of otherness.

Segmenting the Chinese Tourist in Long-Haul Travel toward Coastal and Marine Destinations: A Case of Ecuador

ABSTRACT The present study tries to understand tourist satisfaction by conducting an empirical study in the province of Santa Elena, located on the central coast of Ecuador. The study sets the following objectives in coastal and marine tourism related to the demand of Chinese tourists: (i) Identify the factors related to the satisfaction of the Chinese tourist demand; (ii) Establish the chinese tourist segments based on the satisfaction and sociodemographic characteristics of the demand; and (iii) Identify the relationship between segments of Chinese tourist demand and return visit intentions, recommendation, and speaking positive things about the destination. The study was carried out on Chinese tourists who had visited the central coast of Ecuador. It was conducted on a sample of 377 individuals. For data analysis, exploratory factor analysis and a cluster analysis were performed. This work identified three underlying dimensions that interpret the satisfaction of the Chinese tourist in marine and coastal environments: General attributes satisfaction, Nature Environmental satisfaction and Service satisfaction. A segmentation procedure based on destination dimensions produced three clusters: ´Higher-satisfied´, ´Low-satisfied´ and ´Satisfied´. The conclusions and implications of the study suggest improvements in terms of promotion and commercialization of the different attributes of the tourist destination.

Digital breakthrough: will public administration be smart enough in a digital state and how smart are the elite and citizens

The digital society is considered as a superintelligent society of a hybrid type, corresponding to the sixth technological order, in which the transgression of virtual relations into the real socio-cultural world is carried out, the hybrid collective mind is accumulated and intelligently used. The article raises the question – is it possible for subject-subject smart public administration in Russia, whether the subjects of management are smart and qualified enough in the context of digitalization, whether they will be able to effectively use smart technologies and smart services. To do this, the author discusses, first, the problem of what is a smart subject of management and how to measure the degree of smartness. In the discourse of digital society, the measurement of the degree of smartness of the subject of management is based on: the ability of an individual to perform managerial functions and on the possession of digital competencies. Secondly, the issue of assessing the current situation in Russia is investigated, i.e. to what extent digitalization creates conditions for the functioning of smart governance in Russia. The model of a centralized ecosystem of an IT-state of a service nature in Russia is implemented on a single architecture with the inclusion of components of state remote control of the objects of supervision, as well as on the principles of “human independence” and interdepartmental interaction. The model includes a set of public services of a consumer nature with multichannel access and the use of “intelligent agents”. Thirdly, to what extent the subjects of government, acting on behalf of the state, use the provided opportunities. It is concluded that modern official documents regulating the processes of building a digital state do not consider digitalization as a mechanism that ensures the humanization and democratization of relations between government and society. Fourthly, discussing the presence of subjects of government acting on behalf of citizens, the author emphasized that the state has provided for the availability of a barrier-free information environment that provides high-quality public, medical and social services, but the issue of citizens as subjects of governance in digitalization processes is not provided. They act as clients and a source of information. The signs of the subject of management among citizens in modern management practice are revealed in terms of the possibilities of expressing their position, recognizing the need for joint actions in collecting critical information and exercising control over the implementation of decisions, the presence of some partnership in the interaction of authorities with the public. It is shown that these processes are at the beginning of their development today, the underdevelopment of services for public participation in managerial decision-making processes is emphasized, while the results of the digitalization are disputable and contradictory both at the theoretical and practical levels.

Organization of provision of administrative services of social character in the territorial community in the conditions of decentralization as a guarantee of constitutional right to social protection

The paper emphasizes the need to provide quality public services to the population by local governments, which is one of the main tasks of the reform of decentralization of public power. The purpose of the paper is to determine the procedure for organizing the provision of administrative services of a social nature in the territorial community in the context of the reform of decentralization of public power and ways to improve it. The legislative changes that took place in the organization of the provision of administrative services of a social nature in the territorial community in the conditions of decentralization are analyzed, namely the mechanism of interaction of authorized officials of executive bodies of local councils, officials of centers of administrative services and social protection bodies on the appointment of various types of social benefits; introduction of a mechanism for providing administrative services of a social nature to residents of all territorial communities with the use of electronic document management. It was emphasized that the conclusion of agreements on cooperation of territorial communities will provide an opportunity to create joint centers for the provision of administrative services and remote workplaces in territorial communities that are not administrative centers. It is concluded that in order to improve the provision of administrative services of a social nature in territorial communities, it is necessary to speed up the process of connecting all territorial communities to the PC "IIS" Social Community "and connect all front and back offices by relying on rural, urban , the mayor of the duty to take appropriate decisions, and it is advisable to further implement the cooperation of territorial communities in the provision of administrative services of a social nature by concluding agreements on the establishment of a joint center for the provision of administrative services.

MANAGEMENT, MARKETING AND FINANCIAL APPROACHES TO ASSESSING THE SOCIO-ECOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC EFFECT OF ENTERPRISE INTERACTION IN THE FACE OF CHANGING CONSUMER PREFERENCES

Introduction. Differences in understanding the main sources of effect and benefits that accompany the interaction of SME with each other and with large industrial enterprises indicate the ambiguity of ways to measure and evaluate such interaction and its scope, which in the face of changing consumer preferences requires further study. Methods. The following special methods of scientific cognition were used in the research process: historical-logical method (in the study of the evolution of changes in the value of SMEs under the influence of changes in consumer preferences); method of systematization, classification and theoretical generalization (use of the potential of interaction between SMEs and large enterprises); method of institutional analysis (in the study of the transformation of the SME management process); method of system analysis (in the study of the classification of interactions of small and medium enterprises); method of logical analysis and synthesis (in the construction of forms of interaction between SMEs and large enterprises); method of graphical analysis (in the development of configurations of varieties of the structure of the satellite form of interaction of industrial SMEs and large enterprises). Results. It is proved that one of the directions of development of modern industrial SME in Ukraine is the use of various forms and methods of partnership: from concluding long-term bilateral supply agreements to creating new SME of design and process type to solve new problems. The most promising partners of manufacturing SME in Ukraine are large industrial enterprises, whose growth opportunities due to limited resources, high competition from foreign manufacturers, almost complete lack of state support are almost exhausted. Production SME are characterized by dipole and network interaction with large industrial enterprises - cooperation of their activities, which provides for mutually beneficial counterparty relations: a large enterprise on the basis of contractual relations orders from production SME certain products or services of production nature with definition of their specification or semi-finished products. The function of production SME is to perform a separate operation of the production process or a certain type of production service. Discussion. To study the possibilities of cooperation of industrial SMEs with large industrial enterprises, it is advisable to determine the regional specifics of industrial SMEs, using the method of rating the investment competitiveness of regions by number of manufacturing SMEs, number of employees, sales and financial results. This would make it possible to identify the districts of the region whose small production enterprises need the most support. Keywords: managerial, marketing and financial approaches, evaluation, socio-ecological-economic effect, interaction of enterprises, change of consumer preferences.

INDICATORS AND CRITERIA OF THE PROBLEM OF INVOLVING ADOLESCENTS IN COMMERCIAL SEX

The urgency of studying the problem of involving teenagers in commercial sex is substantiated in the work. The purpose of the article is to define and characterize the indicators and criteria of the problem of attracting adolescents to commercial sex. The research methods used involve the use of general scientific and empirical techniques of socio-pedagogical and social science, based on a systematic approach. In addition, general research methods such as generalization and comparison were used in the process. The concept of «commercial sex» is considered. Socio-psychological criteria and indicators by which a child can be involved in commercial sex are described. The concept of commercial sexual exploitation of children and its forms are defined. The structure of types of sexual services provided by adolescents involved in commercial sex in Ukraine is described. It is stated that the use of minors in the form of commercial sexual exploitation is an aspect of sexual exploitation of minors. The sex industry is considered as a sphere of human activity, which includes the production of goods and services of a sexual nature. A set of pedagogical conditions has been identified that will provide counteraction to prevent the involvement of minors in commercial sex. It is noted that the prospect of further research is to develop ways to implement certain pedagogical conditions and the creation, testing, experimental testing of the effectiveness of technologies for the formation of adolescents’ readiness to counteract involvement in commercial sex. It is determined that the involvement of children in commercial sexual exploitation is a consequence of the general socio-cultural situation in the modern world due to the rejection of traditional human values from man, man from culture, etc., and specific socio-economic, psychological, socio-pedagogical, normative legal reasons that are inherent in Ukrainian society.

CAKE: Compatible Authentication and Key Exchange Protocol for a Smart City in 5G Networks

In a smart city, there are different types of entities, such as nature persons, IoT devices, and service providers, which have different computational limitations and storage limitations. Unfortunately, all of the existing authentication and key exchange (AKE) protocols are designed for either client–server or client–client authentication, including the ones designed for smart cities. In this paper, we present the idea of a compatible authentication and key exchange (CAKE) protocol which provides cross-species authentication. We propose the first CAKE protocol for a smart city that any two valid entities can authenticate with each other and create a secure session key without the help of any third party, while there is also no password table and no public key issuing problem. The entity can be a natural person having biometrics, an IoT device embedded with a physical unclonable function (PUF), or a service provider. Moreover, we extend the CAKE protocol to an anonymous CAKE (ACAKE) protocol, which provides natural persons an anonymous option to protect their privacy. In addition, both the proposed CAKE and ACAKE protocols can deal with the entity revocation problem. We define the framework and the security model of CAKE and ACAKE protocols. Under the security model, we formally prove that the proposed protocols are secure under the elliptic curve computational Diffie–Hellman (ECCDH) problem, the decisional bilinear Diffie–Hellman (DBDH) problem, and hash function assumptions. Comparisons with the related protocols are conducted to demonstrate the benefits of our protocols. Performance analysis is conducted and the experience results show that the proposed protocols are practical in a smart city.

Agro-tourism in Rajasthan: A way to bring down issues in our surrounding environment

The study attempts to show the impacts of agro tourism in environmental and climatic betterment of the state and nation. The results of this study will tell us that agro-tourism will help to improve environmental and climatic factors and also plays a great role as an additional income source for farmers and government. General public is now-a-day’s facing problem because of environmental instability and this can be cured if we consider agro tourism sector as a solution and incorporate this sector too like other tourism sector. Maharashtra was the first to understand this sectors demand and used this concept very well to improve its GDP and environment. Agro tourism help to create awareness among public about the environment by providing income source and environmental benefits both simultaneously. It creates knowledge about agriculture science.
 A modern style of development proposes rationalexploitation of agricultural resources together with the rediscovery of heritage both historical and naturalistic as a means to reach sustainable development. Agro tourism acts as the contact point between the tourist’s expectations of healthy environment, natural and fresh products, rediscovery of nature and best touristic services with an unforgettable experience. The study assumes the importance of environmental and climatic betterment to neutralize or reduce its harmful effects in near future. It helps to evaluate that how a sustainable development can be reached without causing damage to our environment. This synergy between agriculture and tourism capitalized on the combined benefits of development in agriculture as a primary sector and tourism as a service sector which further boost rural employment generation and environmental benefits. Thus, the paper suggests that agro-tourism has the potential for developing income opportunities and creates new ways for environmental and climatic betterment

Tourists’ before and after experience valuations: A unique choice experiment with policy implications for the nature-based tourism industry

The popularity of nature-based tourism revolves around tourist experiences. Tourism, as an experiential good has the potential to impact on tourists’ awareness, appreciation, and actions concerning the environment and wildlife. User preferences and valuations of nature and wildlife may change because of the experience. Exploring user valuations of environmental goods before and after the experience is, however, an area that has been given little attention in the literature. We use discrete choice experiments (DCEs) to evaluate tourists’ preferences and valuations for nature, wildlife and related services before and after experiencing a nature tour. The results demonstrate how the unfamiliarity of the good consumed (in this case fauna and flora in a hitherto unseen natural environment) affect the non-use valuations of consumers. We find that tourists’ valuations for nature and wildlife significantly improve after experiencing the nature tour.

Decreased cortisol among hikers who preferentially visit and value biodiverse riparian zones

While outdoor recreationists often report increases to their well-being for time spent in nature, the mechanisms through which local ecologies affect human health have been difficult to quantify, and thus to manage. We combine data from pre-post salivary cortisol measures, GPS tracks, visitor photos, and surveys from 88 hikers traversing several types of landscape within peri-urban public lands in southwest Idaho, USA. We find that time in biodiverse riparian areas and areas of perceived aesthetic value correlates with decreases in salivary cortisol and improved well-being for hikers. Wildlife sightings were not associated with changes in salivary cortisol, but were associated with riparian travel and aesthetic preferences, indicating an indirect pathway for ecosystem services. Additionally, wildlife sightings decreased on high-use days, even though hikers did not perceive a negative impact of their recreational activity. These results suggest that cultural and physiological ecosystem services of nature depend on the ecological community of the area. Preferential visitation and high service value of riparian areas by hikers and wildlife alike target shared riparian areas as hot spots for management efforts to promote both ecological and human health within an increasingly urbanizing world.

The unilateral gift economy conjecture

I offer the conjecture that unilateral maternal provisioning constitutes a basic economic model for all with implications and a logic of its own. Market exchange is a derivative of this model, which contradicts it and creates its own area of life. The two models interact without our awareness because we have not taken unilateral gifting seriously. Renaming exploitation as the taking of unilateral gifts reveals another way to connect the dots between unwaged housework, surplus labor and ‘nature services’, and these are also connected to colonialism, corporate globalization and ecological devastation.

СТАНОВЛЕННЯ ФЕНОМЕНУ СОЦІАЛЬНОГО ЛІДЕРСТВА У НАУКОВОМУ ПРОСТОРІ СОЦІАЛЬНОЇ РОБОТИ

The focus is on the relevance of the study of social leadership as a social phenomenon. It is determined that joint organization and management of socially significant activities on initiation of social changes and finding optimal means of their achievement are necessary to solve actual problems of theory and practice of social work within the framework of sustainable development of society. The specifics of the formation of the phenomenon of leadership in the context of different approaches and concepts are revealed, the most important leadership theories are structured and generalized as the need to take them into account in the study of theoretical and methodological principles of social leadership. In the course of covering the main aspects of the researched issue, the author concludes that the most promising direction for further study is the consideration of social leadership as a resource for improving the efficiency of social work in Ukraine. The interpretation of social leadership of social workers as an integrated personal formation is shown in the aspiration and ability of specialists to realize leadership potential in various spheres of social activity to improve the quality of social services provision to vulnerable categories of the population. The value and importance of practical use of the concept of social leadership for the most important key to the success of society. In the context of the study, the existence of the influence on the change of many educational benchmarks of professional training for the formation of social leadership in future specialists is revealed, since the modern practice of social work requires the involvement of social workers in the process of developing effective models of social work, providing innovative social services to vulnerable categories of the population, the introduction of administrative services of a social nature, interaction with the community.

On decentralization of powers to provide administrative services

Introduction. The formation of public administration in Ukraine is simultaneously influenced by many factors. These are both the service view of the state and the development of the doctrine of administrative services, and the implementation of decentralization reform, in particular the consolidation of territorial communities, as well as digitalization. In this context, it becomes an urgent task to assess the effectiveness of policy on decentralization of powers, its positives, risks, prospects. Aim of the article. The purpose of the article is to study the issue of decentralization of powers on the example of administrative services, the reasons for slowing down this policy in recent years, determining the conditions for optimal organization. Tasks: to determine the content of decentralization of powers and its types; to distinguish decentralization of powers with other mechanisms of division of powers; show the factors that motivate Ukraine to the policy of decentralization (delegation) of powers in the field of administrative services; propose the optimal mechanism of delegation of powers; outline the most pressing tasks for the delegation of the following groups of services. Results. Ukraine's experience in delegating powers to local self-governments (LCGs), in particular, in the registration of real estate, business, residence has been successful. Services have become closer to citizens territorially, queues and reasons for domestic corruption have disappeared, the speed of service delivery, their integration into a single office (CNAP) and opportunities for service according to the model of life situations have improved. Delegation of powers of local self-government bodies allows to use motivation and flexibility of local self-government bodies, initiative and responsibility of citizens. Although there are risks of different LCGs capacity and quality of services. But it is better for the state to help local self-government bodies and "insure" them. It is also important to ensure the integrity of the mechanism of delegation of powers, ie to provide for the preservation of centralized state registers, methodological assistance from the state for local self-government, professional departmental control over the implementation of delegated powers. The reasons and peculiarities of decentralization of residence registration powers should be analyzed separately. But this experience is also quite successful. After all, he also improved the service for consumers, promoted electrification in the field. Decentralization of powers is not an alternative or opposition to digitalization. These are two equally important strategic directions of public policy. Conclusions. In a modern democratic and decentralized state, it is necessary to make maximum use of the motivation and flexibility of local self-government bodies, in particular, to delegate to them the authority to provide basic administrative services. It is important to ensure the integrity of the delegation mechanism, and to provide local self-government bodies with resources to perform delegated powers. During 2021, priority in the delegation of powers should be given to the areas of registration of civil status and administrative services of a social nature.