Nature Of Art Research Articles

‘We Will Teach Them How to Use This Building’: Acts of Accountability from South African Artists

On 3 March 2021, almost a full year after South Africa's theatres were closed due to Covid-19 restrictions, renowned opera soprano Sibongile Mngoma walked into the Johannesburg offices of the South African National Arts Council (NAC) to meet with senior department officials. She was there to demand accountability over their non-payment of promised Covid-19 artist relief funds to the tune of R300 million (roughly USD 16.6 million). When it became apparent that no official would honour the meeting, Mngoma announced her intention to wait. She did not leave the building for another sixty days.

Development of The Arts in China and Belarus in the Context of State Policy

In the history of international relations, cooperation in the field of art is closely connected with the foreign policy aspect of the development of interstate relations. As Belarusian-Chinese interaction deepens, the cultural factor has become one of the important aspects influencing bilateral relations. This article notes that over the 30 years since the establishment of diplomatic relations between Belarus and China, cultural cooperation has gone through different periods. The history of the development of contacts in the field of art between the two countries is examined, the achievements and current problems faced by both countries in this area are analyzed. An example of cooperation between Belarus and China in the field of art represented by the National Gallery of Belarus and the National Art Museum of China is noted.

Haiku and Country: The connect between First Nations Country and Bashō's enduring principles for the writing of Haiku

Examining the sense of embodiment in the art and culture of Australian First Nations and Country and how this is paralleled in the poetics and practice of writing haiku as it originated in Japan.

Exploring Cross-Cultural Representations: French Children's Literature and Australian Indigenous Culture

Duncan’s article complements the work of Castejon with its analysis of the representation of Aboriginal art and culture in a selection of French books for children which often still reinforce colonial stereotypes.

Изобразительное искусство Китая конца ХХ века: новые имена, концепции, культурные институции

The article analyzes the historical and cultural prerequisites for the development of visual art of the 1990s of the XX century in the People’s Republic of China as different from the traditional national art. The first part of the article gives a preliminary overview of the development of the artistic process in the 1990s for the first time. The artists of the new generation were influenced by the culture of socialist realism. The second part analyzes the reasons for the emergence of the phenomenon of new generation artists in the 1990s, which were formed under the influence of the market system. Market mechanisms stimulated the arrival of new artists and the for-mation of the commercial sector of the art market. The article describes the motives, socio-cultural and mental grounds for the success of new artists in the situation of the creative industries market. It is proved that the driv-ing force of changes in Chinese art culture was the formation of the system of art process facilitation, institu-tionalization and commercialization of exhibition and exposition spaces, (genesis of symbiotic institute of pro-fessional curatorship, art criticism and art dealership), as well as the experience of borrowing and cultural diffu-sion of mainland China with its island partners – Hong Kong, Macau. Around the 1990s, many small or private galleries were gradually established in China. The emergence of curators increased the number of artists of a new generation, outlook and new concepts.

From Kabylia to Marrakech: art, orientalism, and the transcolonial career of Azouaou Mammeri

ABSTRACT Over his lifetime (c. 1890–1954), the Algerian painter and administrator Azouaou Mammeri traced an impressive transcolonial geography that simultaneously revealed the limits and possibilities for colonised subjects to enact agency within a colonial system. Mammeri’s physical and figurative movements between Algeria, Morocco, and France, between ‘fine arts’ and ‘native arts’ worlds, and between colonised subject and colonial administrator also indicated a transgression of boundaries of identity, race, and power. This was something that contemporary French colonial officials and arts critics observed and commented upon, often with deep ambivalence: how to accommodate someone like Mammeri in ways that did not fundamentally trouble or upend the rigid and hierarchical categories of the French Empire? In this article, I take Mammeri’s mobility as a case study for liminal subjects who alternately challenged or were absorbed into colonial systems predicated on European supremacy, and consider the ways in which Mammeri’s agency, racial positioning, and personal ‘merit’ shaped the dynamic of his movements.

The Film Music of D. Shostakovich: the Analysis of “Chronometric” Data

The article is devoted to an issue that seems to have a structural and technological rather than artistic nature. However, upon closer examination, it turns out that the minutes and seconds that make up the course of fi lm music can very seriously affect the overall drama of a fi lm as an action unfolding in time in terms of the ratio of fragments with musical arrangement and episodes without music. Especially when it comes to the work of such masters as D. Shostakovich.

Показники динамічної рівноваги за методикою Star Excursion Balance Test у спортсменів різної кваліфікації з Кіокушин карате

Purpose: to test and compare the indicators of dynamic balance by the method of star excursion balance test in sportsmen of different qualification in Kyokushin karate. Material and methods. The results of the research were obtained at the Lviv State University of Physical Culture named after Ivan Boberskyi at the department of «Fencing, boxing and national martial arts» in the period October-November 2023. Qualified male Kyokushin karate fighters aged 18-22 years old in the amount of 21 people took part in the collection of experimental material, among which there were 13 representatives with a level of training 1-2 Dan, and 8 representatives with a level (student belts) not higher than 1 Kyu. Among the participants of the research there are champions and prize-winners of national and international competitions in Kyokushin karate. Methods of the research: the analysis of literary sources and materials from the Internet; measurement of basic anthropometrical indicators of sportsmen (height, weight, length of arms and legs); measurement of indicators of Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT); methods of mathematical statistics (calculation of statistical indicators of the arithmetic mean (Mean), standard deviation of the arithmetic mean (Std.Dev.), comparison of results by the statistical method Mann-Whitney U-test with the help of the standard package Statistica-7). Results: the advantage of anthropometrical indicators of group № 2 over group № 1 was established: 8 sportsmen with a level of fitness up to 1 Kyu have on average a little higher height, more body weight, longer arms and legs than 13 athletes with a level of 1-2 Dan. Highly skilled Kyokushin karate athletes with 1-2 Dan level of training outperform athletes with up to 1 Kyu level of training in most SEBT positions. The dominating advantage on average group indicators of SEBT of sportsmen of Kyokushin karate with a level of preparation 1-2 Dan over sportsmen with a level of preparation not higher than 1 Kyu testifies to regularity, and not accident of the received results. Conclusions. On the basis of objectively received indicators of Star Excursion Balance Test and anthropometrical data, it is possible to conclude that sportsmen of Kyokushin karate with a level of fitness 1-2 Dan at smaller anthropometrical indicators (height, weight, length of arms and legs) show better indicators of SEBT, than sportsmen with a level of fitness up to 1 Kyu. The Star Excursion Balance Test indicators reflect the amplitude characteristics of athletes' movements along with dynamic balance and are related to the skill level of athletes. Keywords: Kyokushin karate, qualification, single combat, Star Excursion Balance Test, dynamic balance.

Architectural Heritage and Archetypal Landscape Approaches Facing Environmental Hazards

The research question in this paper concerns elements of nature, such as earth, water, fire, and air, as they have a dual meaning, indicating both hazard and heritage. The relationship of cities with blue–green infrastructure is an example of this. Cities might be surrounded by either water or forest, though the latter has been less investigated as a nature-based solution for climate change adaptation. The connection between water and architecture can also be seen in the seafront type of architectural design, in the architecture of harbours, port facilities, aquariums or thermal baths. This paper aims to present a comprehensive analysis of all of these various architecture programs that were carried out during the first half of the twentieth century. Although the styles of Art Nouveau and Interwar were widely spread, otherness in regional geographical locations drew lessons from the vernacular architecture. Inspiration was drawn mainly from southern Europe in the Cycladic islands for the interwar/international style and towards the east and centre of the continent in Romania and Hungary and up to the north in the Baltic states for the national romantic art nouveau style. A local seismic culture is prevalent in areas that are affected by earthquakes. In the context of the geological conditions related to water and earthquake hazard, the anthropic reshaping of rivers and canals (and alluvial soil deposits) generates liquefaction vulnerability. Significant also is the way in which the urban wildland interface shapes the relationship between wild green space and cities. Urban protected nature parks and urban forests contribute to wellbeing but are also vulnerable to wildfire. This research attempts to find equivalents to the local seismic culture in cases of climate change-induced hazards, such as floods and wildfires, in Romania, Italy and Portugal. As part of the project presented for the case study featured in this paper, significant documentation was achieved through literature reviews and field trips. For the latter, walkscape methodology was used, which was also useful for the first round of results and the mapping required to indicate earthquake hazards near water locations in Bucharest, Romania.

The fundamental elements of rhethoric and their impact on music art

Relevance. Rhetoric, traditionally associated with effective speech, also deeply influences musical composition and interpretation, particularly in string and plucked instruments which are emblematic of Ukrainian national art. This article explores the significant interplay between rhetorical principles and musical expression, emphasizing its relevance in the context of contemporary performance art.Purpose. The study aims to investigate how rhetorical principles, specifically the inventio techniques, apply to musical expression and performance. It seeks to enrich the theoretical framework of Ukrainian musicology with innovative approaches to the application of rhetorical inventio in music.Methodology. The research is grounded in the linguistic musicology of B. Asafiev�s school and incorporates a detailed examination of the tone-sound specifics of expressive sound production in music. The methodology involves analyzing the inventio principles and their impact on the artistic components of instrumental playing.Results. The study identifies the intensity of the artistic component in instrumental music creation and performance, highlighting the role of rhetorical principles in shaping the expressive sound production and performer�s artistic stance. It also recognizes the theoretical innovation brought about by integrating rhetorical inventio into musicological discourse.Conclusions. The findings demonstrate that rhetorical principles, particularly inventio, significantly enhance musical expression and instrumental performance. This integration not only supports the improvisational skills of musicians but also contributes to a richer and more nuanced understanding of musical composition and its performance in the modern era. The research underscores the potential for further exploration and application of rhetoric in musicology, promising advancements in both theoretical and practical dimensions of musical art.

Hierarchical multi-head attention LSTM for polyphonic symbolic melody generation

Creating symbolic melodies with machine learning is challenging because it requires an understanding of musical structure and the handling of inter-dependencies and long-term dependencies. Learning the relationship between events that occur far apart in time in music poses a considerable challenge for machine learning models. Another notable feature of music is that notes must account for several inter-dependencies, including melodic, harmonic, and rhythmic aspects. Baseline methods, such as RNNs, LSTMs, and GRUs, often struggle to capture these dependencies, resulting in the generation of musically incoherent or repetitive melodies. As such, in this study, a hierarchical multi-head attention LSTM model is proposed for creating polyphonic symbolic melodies. This enables our model to generate more complex and expressive melodies than previous methods, while still being musically coherent. The model allows learning of long-term dependencies at different levels of abstraction, while retaining the ability to form inter-dependencies. The study has been conducted on two major symbolic music datasets, MAESTRO and Classical-Music MIDI, which feature musical content encoded on MIDI. The artistic nature of music poses a challenge to evaluating the generated content and qualitative analysis are often not enough. Thus, human listening tests are conducted to strengthen the evaluation. Qualitative analysis conducted on the generated melodies shows significantly improved loss scores on MSE over baseline methods, and is able to generate melodies that were both musically coherent and expressive. The listening tests conducted using Likert-scale support the qualitative results and provide better statistical scores over baseline methods.

남성 노인의 공간이용경험, 사회적 관계와 매체 기반 문화예술 관람 간 관련성

This study aims to examine whether community space experiences and social networks affect media-based cultural activities among older men, using the data from a sample of 989 older men from the 2022 National Culture and Arts Activities Survey. Main findings are as follows; First, older men with community space experiences, especially community center experience, were more likely to attend media-based cultural activities. Second, presence of a spouse, presence of children living together do not have significant effects. But older men with a spouse were less likely to attend media-based culture and arts viewing on cinema. In terms of control variables, older men who were younger or economically inactive were more likely to attend media-based culture and arts viewing. It is found that older man who have used community centers or older adults welfare centers tend to engage in media-based cultural activities. Social relations formed through cultural space experiences play a facilitating role for the older men.

DEVELOPMENT OF INSTRUMENTAL AND PERFORMING ARTS IN UKRAINE

The study of the development of the national instrumental and performing arts is conditioned by the necessity of modern scientific comprehension of the history of Ukrainian music, a deeper understanding of the poorly studied pages of national musical history. The purpose of the present research is a comprehensive analysis of the historical development of instrumental and performing arts from ancient times to the present, in the context of synergy with the academicization and formation of genre and style specificity of the original repertoire. The phased development of instrumental and performing arts from ancient times to the contemporary period has been described. The features of the process of academicization of folk-instrumental art of Ukraine have been analyzed; the social-cultural evolutionary basis in the historical and chronological context has been identified. The basic stages of the formation of Ukrainian folk-instrumental performance have been highlighted. Its position as an optimal form of national art that shapes Ukrainian music as an original phenomenon and as an integral part of European culture has been emphasized.

Lam in Ubon Style: The Process of Transferring Learning to Inherit the Performing Arts

The objectives of this research were to study (1) the development of knowledge on the aesthetics of Lam in Ubon Style, and (2) the process of transferring knowledge to inherit the performing arts of Molam Morlam-Ruang-Tor-Klon in Ubon style. Data from documents and fieldwork were analyzed and presented using descriptive analysis. The results showed that there are developments and changes according to the eras, divided into the old era before 1937, a few numbers of performers; the changing era into theatrical performance; the modern Morlam era brought popular musical instruments to play; and the current Morlam era, in which light and sound technology is used to help in the performance of three aspects of aesthetics: melody, poetry, and aesthetics of singing techniques. Regarding the process of transferring knowledge, the results indicated that two national artists have provided knowledge by practicing the performing arts in singing, dancing, and poetic gestures. Improvements are made in each area to enhance learners’ skills development. The study provides significant insight and implications for developing learners’ skills in performing arts at home.

Persisting through friction: growing a community driven knowledge infrastructure

Many memory institutions hold heritage items belonging to Indigenous peoples. There are current efforts to share knowledge about these heritage items with their communities; one way this is done is through digital access. This paper examines The Great Lakes Research Alliance for the Study of Aboriginal Arts and Cultures (GRASAC), a network of researchers, museum professionals, and community members who maintain a digital platform that aggregates museum and archival research on Anishinaabe, Haudenosaunee, and Huron-Wendat cultures into a centralized database. The database, known as the GRASAC Knowledge Sharing System (GKS), is at a point of infrastructural growth, moving from a password protected system to one that is open to the public. Rooted in qualitative research from semi-structured interviews with the creators, maintainers, and users of the database, we examine the frictions in this expanding knowledge infrastructure (KI), and how they are eased over time. We find the friction within GRASAC resides in three main categories: collaborative friction, data friction, and our novel contribution: systemic friction.

Musical Art of Kyrgyzstan: Retrospective Analysis

This work is devoted to the field of theory and history of national Kyrgyz art. The purpose of the work is to briefly convey the history of the musical culture of the Kyrgyz as an integral part of the spiritual heritage of this people. The cultural and historical component involves studying the main milestones in the history of musical art in Kyrgyzstan, the features of its formation, as well as the driving forces of cultural progress in the republic. The authors of this work include an analysis of the factors that influenced the development of musical art in Kyrgyzstan and the study of various ways to master the musical and cultural heritage of the Kyrgyz people. The study of national Kyrgyz art from these positions introduces the main features of the national character and culture of the Kyrgyz people, the peculiarities of their worldview, and the richness of the musical language. All this contributes to the formation of national self-awareness, the formation of a value-based attitude towards the national cultural heritage of its people.

INNOVATIVE APPLICATION OF CERAMIC ART IN MODERN PRODUCT DESIGN IN CHINA

With the passage of times, modern product design are getting increased importance to respective cultural connotation. Only products with unique cultural connotation can occupy a place in the market, and ceramic culture is the treasure of traditional culture. Therefore, ceramic materials are used as the carrier of product design, and fashionable elements such as ceramic culture, modelling and decorative patterns are embellished in product design. So it can not only reflect the profound cultural connotation of the product, but also have unique aesthetic characteristics. With the product as the medium, the essence of Chinese tradition continues to the field of modern people's life, gives the product a new connotation, and better reflects The Times, so that the ceramic culture not only has the connotation of national culture and art, but also has the emotion and charm of modern design.

PERSONALITIES OF PAINTERS VILHELMS PURVĪTIS AND IMANTS LANCMANIS IN THE LATVIAN ART FIELD IN THE 20TH AND 21ST CENTURIES

The Latvian National Museum of Art’s 2022 exhibitions “Purvītis” and “The Art of Imants Lancmanis”, one dedicated to the 150th anniversary of Vilhelms Purvītis and the other a retrospective exhibition of works by Imants Lancmanis, are united by their ambition. It is a testimony to its time and to the personality of the artist. The main aim of this article is to use the sociology of art to portray the influence of two artists, painters and leaders of national art institutions, on the formation of national art perception in society. Two personalities, each working in their own time, but both with strong social capital and habitus – the ability to use it to shape the rules of the Latvian art field and construct national identity.

Art Academy of Latvia Graphic Arts Alumnae Who Established the Principles of Latvian National Textile Art, 1931–1943

In the 1920s and 1930s, Latvian magazines featured original textile compositions by renowned male artists. Through my research of textile compositions of the famous Latvian artist and designer Jūlijs Madernieks, it became apparent that during this period, Latvian magazines also showcased textiles by lesser-known artists, particularly graduates of the Graphic Arts Workshop of the Art Academy of Latvia. Despite the significant role played by graphic artists in the formation and promotion of Latvian national textile art, their contributions remain largely unexplored. This research focuses on the popular women’s magazine Zeltene, which presented numerous original textile designs by Elza Druja, Marija Muceniece, Otomija Freiberga, and Kristine Pāvulina. Another focal point of this study is the state of textile crafts education in the third decade of the 20th century and its role in encouraging women to engage in textile art or crafts. The contributions of women to Latvian textile art during the 1920s and 1930s have not received adequate scholarly attention due to the occupation of Latvia by the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany in the 1940s, as well as subsequent constraints imposed on Latvian art historians by the Soviet regime. This paper marks an initial stage in the development of Latvian textile art history, with a particular emphasis on female textile artists.

Precarious careers: A longitudinal study with contemporary visual artists from emerging to established career stages

This paper explores the nature of artists’ careers over eight years. It investigates artists’ career paths including developments, highlights, challenges, and stasis over eight years. This is a longitudinal study that comprises two sets of interviews conducted with the same fifteen artists in 2013 and 2021. It analyses artists’ reflections on their careers as emerging artists in 2013 and as established artists in 2021. It exposes how these artists’ experience changes and shifts along their career paths, yet, how the one continuity throughout their careers is precarity. Together, this longitudinal study uncovers new knowledge on the nature of artists’ careers by exposing how precarity is experienced over the course of their careers. This also develops existing discourse on precarious work and labour. Together, this expands understandings on ‘precarity’ in the creative industries by showing how it is experienced in artists’ careers as something that is tangible and mental, how it is experienced across their careers, and how strategies are found to cope with this precarious career. Addressing this can shed new light on the nature of artists’ careers and the nature of work in the creative industries today.