Natural Surfactant Research Articles

CUSTARD APPLE PEELS CONTAINING SAPONIN: ISOLATION AND FORMULATION OF HERBAL SHAMPOO

Presently, the cosmetics sector is among the fastest-expanding sectors of the economy. Plenty of researchers have reported that natural surfactants could prominently replace synthetic surfactants considering the superiority in safety and effectiveness. This research aimed to isolate surfactants from custard apple peel and formulate an herbal shampoo. Initially, isolation of the saponin was accomplished followed by the formulation of herbal shampoo. Interestingly, optimized batch A demonstrated the optimum synthetic pH and high foaming capacity of shampoo for upto 4 mins. Moreover, herbal shampoo showed good cleansing properties and detergency. Additionally, it exhibited superior smoothing, no skin irritation, and a shining effect with the respect to the marketed formulation. Hence, it can be prominently used as a substitute for chemical surfactants in designing shampoo and other cosmetics.

Glyceryl Laurate Tablets: Effect of the Excipients and Granule Size on the Tablet Quality

Abstract Glyceryl laurate (GL) is a natural or synthetic surfactant with antiviral and antimicrobial activity and is not only effective in common colds or flu, but also against swine flu, herpes simplex, shingles, or chronic fatigue. The study aimed to formulate the GL granules as a semi-product for the compression of tablets and evaluate the influence of the substitution of sucrose laurate (Ryoto®) with sucrose ester (Sisterna®) in the composition of the granules and the effect of granule size on the quality of the compressed tablets. Four types of granules, varying in grain size and the type of additional surfactant, were prepared by melt granulation. The traditional pharmacopoeia tests were used to assess tablets’ quality. The granule size significantly affected all evaluated parameters: hardness, uniformity of mass, friability, and disintegration. The replacement of sucrose laurate with sucrose ester caused a slight decrease in tablet strength and a shortening of disintegration. However, it did not significantly impact friability and uniformity of mass. For this reason, the excipient, sucrose ester, can be evaluated as an adequate replacement in the composition of GL tablets.

Cyclopentane hydrate wettability measurements used to evaluate the efficacy of oil natural surfactants using ultra-low volume samples

Hydrate surface wettability is a fundamental aspect to better understand agglomeration present in oil bearing petroleum pipelines. Coupling these measurements with hydrate film growth gives further information on kinetic effects that may also be present from natural surfactants in different oils. In situ measurements of wettability (quantified by the contact angle) and film growth rates were performed on cyclopentane hydrate surfaces at atmospheric pressure and subcooling of 4 °C. Contact angle and film growth results were obtained for the baseline system (pure cyclopentane), one model oil, and seventeen natural oils (diluted to 0.02 vol% in cyclopentane). Results showed a wide variety of contact angles and film growth values where higher asphaltene contents in the oils corresponded to higher contact angles and lower film growth rates, thought to be from better alignment of natural surfactant molecules at the hydrate/hydrocarbon interface. It was also shown for select oils that increasing the oil concentration in the cyclopentane increases the contact angle and decreases the film growth rate compared to the baseline system. For select oils that had higher contact angles, increasing the water content of the system decreases their contact angle and film growth compared to the baseline system. Isolating different oil fractions for select oils also shows which fractions tend to play a larger role in wettability behavior. Typically, the fractions with more surface active components (asphaltene and resins) are shown to contribute to the higher contact angle and slower film growth rates for select oils. Evidence of the competition between film growth and capillary suction of water into the hydrate has been shown, and a mechanistic breakdown of three different transient scenarios has been proposed. Each of these observed interfacial behaviors gives information on what can be expected from larger scale phenomena, including hydrate agglomeration, with very small oil samples.

Zingiber zerumbet: A green and ecofriendly natural surfactant for the synthesis of Bis(indolyl)methane, tris-indoline and spirooxindole derivatives

The present study aimed to the greener and eco-friendly synthesis of bis(indolyl)methane, tris-indoline, and spirooxindole derivatives in the natural surfactant of Zingiber zerumbet under ultrasonic irradiation. This synthetic protocol has a green aspect that avoids the use of toxic catalysts, solvents, and harsh reaction conditions. In addition, ultrasonication improves the yield of reactions and also shortens the reaction time. The reaction proceeds smoothly with a natural extract of Z. zerumbet at room temperature. Eventually, the present method is a green, environmentally sound alternative to the existing protocols in terms of sustainability and economics. Moreover, the extract of Z. zerumbet can be reused many times with a slight decrease in product yields.

Effect of Biokos, a natural lipopeptide surfactant extracted from a bacterium of the Pseudomonas genus, on infection of Cryptocaryon irritans.

Cryptocaryoniasis (marine white spot disease), caused by Cryptocaryon irritans, is a major threat to marine fish cultures in tropical and subtropical waters, and a serious nuisance to hobbyists with saltwater fish tanks. With only classical treatment schedules such as copper salts or hyposaline baths being available, control of the disease remains a challenge. In this study, we investigated the effect of Biokos, a viscosin-like lipopeptide surfactant extracted from a bacterium of the Pseudomonas genus, on the external life stages of C. irritans, including theronts, protomonts and tomonts. The present study demonstrated that the compound has an antiparasitic effect on all tested external stages of the parasite. In particular, when Biokos was used at 48 mg/L, it was able to kill almost all theronts and protomonts within 1 h in in vitro experiments, and using the same concentration in an in vivo challenge experiment, the parasitic load was reduced by more than 95% compared to the control group with no Biokos. Additionally, cultured fish cells were able to proliferate, and fish showed no adverse signs at Biokos concentrations that were effective in killing the parasite. Thus, Biokos may be a promising way for preventing or reducing the burden of this parasitic disease in the future.

Application of Saponins from Ambon Banana Petiole (Musa paradisiaca var. sapientum L.) as Natural Surfactants in Bio-Hand Soap

Surfactants are commonly use as a foaming agents contained in soap products. Consequently, the type of surfactant used is a synthetic product that is difficult to degrade by nature fate. In addition to environmental problems, prolonged use of these products can cause health problems, such as irritation in the form of dry, scaly, itchy skin, to red rashes. Synthetic surfactants used in industry are also petroleum derivatives. This fact makes the sustainability of the industry threatened due to the increasingly critical oil reserves. Based on these problems, it is important to study alternative synthetic surfactants that are more environmentally friendly, safe for health, and abundantly available in nature. In this study, the potential of saponins from the petiole of the Ambon banana (Musa paradisiaca var. sapientum L.) was studied as a natural surfactant in hand soap (bio-hand soap). The purpose of this study was to study the effect of the variable concentration of ethanol solvent and immersion time on the amount of saponin extract yield and the formulation of bio-hand soap. The results showed that the highest extract yield of Ambon banana petiole extract could be achieved using ethanol solvent at a concentration of 80% and a maceration time of 48 hours. Based on the quality tests on bio-hand soap products that have been carried out, formula 1 (20% saponins), 2 (30% saponins), and 3 (40% saponins) have color, shape, anti-bacterial agent, and pH values that are following SNI 2588:2017. The formula that is considered the most optimum for the production of bio-hand soap is Formula 2. This is based on the highest foam stability value, which is 67.56%.

Enhanced solubilization of strongly adsorbed organic pollutants using synthetic and natural surfactants in soil flushing: Column experiment simulation

This study investigates the performance of two non-ionic sugar-based surfactants, belonging to the families of synthetic alkylpoliglucosides and biological rhamnolipids, for enhancing the solubilization and mass transfer of strongly adsorbed hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) in porous media. Using toluene and perchloroethylene (PCE) as reference pollutants, a continuous configuration test (column experiment) was performed to simulate a soil flushing process under controlled laboratory conditions. The potential applicability of the selected surfactants in remediation processes was evaluated within the context of Surfactant Enhanced Aquifer Remediation (SEAR) technology. Experimental results showed that both surfactants effectively increased the solubilization of contaminants adsorbed on porous media. Compared to H2O flushing, synthetic surfactant increased the solubilization of toluene by 52% and the solubilization of PCE by 81%, while biosurfactant increased solubilization ability by 73% and 92% for toluene and PCE, respectively. Biosurfactant exhibited the greatest solubilization ability, with 92% of adsorbed toluene and 98% of adsorbed PCE solubilized. This research highlights the potential of green surfactants as efficient candidates for remediation processes due to their excellent solubilization ability and environmentally friendly nature.

Investigation of the Passiflora Plant as a Promising Natural Surfactant for Enhanced Oil Recovery: Insights into Crude Oil–Water–Rock Interaction

Investigation of the Passiflora Plant as a Promising Natural Surfactant for Enhanced Oil Recovery: Insights into Crude Oil–Water–Rock Interaction

Fabrication and Biological Activities of All-in-One Composite Nanoemulsion Based on Blumea balsamifera Oil-Tea Tree Oil.

Nanoemulsion is a new multi-component drug delivery system; the selection of different oil phases can give it special physiological activity, and play the role of "medicine and pharmaceutical excipients all-in-one". In this paper, we used glycyrrhizic acid as the natural surfactant, and Blumea balsamifera oil (BB) and tea tree oil (TTO) as the mixed oil phase, to obtain a new green functional composite nanoemulsion. Using the average particle size and polydispersion index (PDI) as the evaluation criteria, the effects of the oil ratio, oil content, glycyrrhizic acid concentration, and ultrasonic time on the nanoemulsion were systematically investigated. The stability and physicochemical properties and biological activities of BB-TTO NEs prepared via the optimum formulation were characterized. The optimal prescription was BB: TTO = 1:1, 5% oil phase, 0.7% glycyrrhizic acid, and 5 min ultrasonication time. The mean particle size, PDI, and zeta potential were 160.01 nm, 0.125, and -50.94 mV, respectively. The nanoemulsion showed non-significant changes in stability after centrifugation, dilution, and 120 days storage. These nanoemulsions were found to exhibit potential antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of BB-TTO NEs against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa is 2975 μg/mL, 2975 μg/mL, and 5950 μg/mL, respectively. A lower level of inflammatory cell infiltration and proportion of fibrosis were found in the synovial tissue of AIA rats treated with BB-TTO NEs. These findings demonstrate that the BB-TTO NEs produced in this study have significant potential for usage in antibacterial and anti-inflammatory areas.

A green synthetic approach for the morphological control of ZnO-Ag using β-cyclodextrin and honey for photocatalytic degradation of bromophenol blue

Green synthetic approaches aid control of physicochemical properties of nanoparticles and decrease the environmental footprint of the nanoparticles. Herein, novel synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) using natural surfactants and sequential investigation of their optical, physicochemical and photocatalytic properties are conducted. This work utilizes β-cyclodextrin (βCD) and honey as surfactants during the production process. It is demonstrated that these natural surfactants have the ability to control size, shape, crystalline phase growth and dispersion of NPs (denoted as ZnO-C and ZnO-H). Subsequent coupling of ZnO NPs with Ag to form the binary nanostructures (ZnO-xAg, ZnO-C-xAg and ZnO-H-xAg) further assists controlling their physicochemical properties. With a variation of Ag NPs loading, the 3 wt% Ag loaded nanophotocatalysts were more efficient and their associated properties were revealed by various characterization techniques. Nanoparticles of different shapes were fabricated with a surface area of up to 10 m2.g−1 and crystalline sizes of 9.38 nm. Photoluminescent spectroscopy indicated that Ag nanoparticles enhanced the life span of electron-hole pairs. Thus, photodegradation of bromophenol blue (BPB) indicated enhanced NPs photoactivity upon modification with CD, honey, and Ag NPs. BPB photodegradation was > 99.84% using ZnO-H-3Ag with reaction rates of k0app=518.8×10−2min−1 and up to 75% total organic carbon was removed by ZnO-H-3Ag at a rate of 8.19×10−3min−1.

Nanoemulsions of essential oils stabilized with saponins exhibiting antibacterial and antioxidative properties

Abstract Functional foods, drug delivery systems, and cosmetics are the main areas of application for multiphase systems, where the use of naturally derived compounds is preferred. Hence, this study aimed to assess the possibility of using natural surfactants and saponin-rich extracts to produce emulsions containing antibacterial and antioxidant cinnamon and clove essential oils (EOs). The analyses of nanoparticles using dynamic light scattering showed that the addition of plant extracts to solutions allows one to obtain stable emulsions and decreased zeta potential (< −40 mV) and droplet size (<200 nm). In all investigated emulsions, the increase of antioxidative properties was observed when both EOs and plant extracts were used. The emulsion with clove oil stabilized with Quillaja saponaria bark saponins has the highest combined antioxidative properties (3.55 ± 0.01 μg gallic acid equivalent per g). Additionally, a stronger antibacterial action against Pseudomonas bacteria was observed for clove oil with Quillaja saponaria and cinnamon oil with Glycyrrhiza glabra. In addition, plant extracts did not affect significantly the other properties of the oil emulsions, e.g. wettability, colour, and refractive index. All results show that the proposed emulsions can be helpful in the preparation of multifunctional emulsions, where the co-action of saponins and EOs is especially beneficial.

Fabrication of rice bran oil nanoemulsion and conventional emulsion with Mustard Protein Isolate as a novel excipient: Focus on shelf-life stability, lipid digestibility and cellular bioavailability

Proteins are one of the many effective biomolecules found in oilseed meals. In order to formulate an oil-in-water nanoemulsion based lipophilic nutraceutical delivery vehicle for Rice Bran oil (RBO) rich in γ-oryzanol, we used mustard seed meal protein isolate (MPI) as a novel natural surfactant together with a small molecular weight co-surfactant Tween 20 in various ratios (3:1, 1:1, 1:3) to stabilize the heterogeneous system. The oxidative stability, physico-chemical characterization in response to pH and ionic strength, shelf-life, and storage of the nanoemulsions containing 1% surfactant in total, comprising different ratios of MPI and Tween 20 were optimised to form an efficient biphasic surfactant system. The oil-in-water nanoemulsions fabricated utilizing high energy approach, i.e. high pressure homogenisation method was found to reduce dispersed phase particles size in the range of 150–160 nm. Minimal non-significant variation in droplet size and surface charge over the 8 weeks storage periods proves their excellent shelf-life stability. The use of MPI as surfactant for the delivery system also increased the lipid fraction digestibility releasing 70% of the fatty acids from dispersed phase oil droplets in simulated intestinal phase of three step in vitro digestion of nanoemulsion as compared to its conventional counterpart. The γ-oryzanol rich nanoemulsions improved prophylactic effectiveness against ROS in terms of overall cell survival and cell membrane integrity. The results will pave new domains to use MPI as surface active agents for delivery system formulation enriched with nutraceuticals and phytochemicals possessing superior functional advantages, bioavailability and antioxidative potentials.

The effect of the gold nanoparticles and gold nano-clusters on the behavior of natural lung surfactant

One of the initial barriers encountered by the airborne nanoparticles (NPs) upon entry into the body is the lung surfactant (LS), which plays a vital role in maintaining the normal respiratory cycle of the lungs. Interaction between gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), which are commonly used in many areas, especially in pharmaceutical applications due to their functional features and LS has been evaluated by combining Langmuir Trough (2D) and Pendant-Drop tensiometer (3D) approaches. AuNPs were synthesized via Turkevich method and AuNP clusters were prepared by using dithiothreitol (DTT) with the different concentrations. Model LS was extracted from a bovine lung and brought into vesicular form after purification. Our results showed that AuNP-DTT clusters are able to penetrate into the LS monolayer and vesicles, change the normal behavior of air-buffer interface, organization of the molecules and phase behavior of the system. In 2D studies, it is seen that the interaction of AuNPs and AuNP-DTT clusters decreases the surface pressure of phase transition region which indicates decreasing the elasticity with a similar manner for first 3 h. In the longer periods, the monolayer presented an increased resistance to compression, indicating the low compressibility of monolayer. After 7 h interaction with AuNP-DTT clusters, at the same surface area (48 cm2), the π of LS films can just reach ∼30 mN·m−1 instead of ∼45 mN·m−1 which proves the induction of the isotherm to form a more disordered structure with lower cohesion between the molecules. In 3D studies, it is found that there becomes a competitive adsorption between LS vesicles and AuNP-DTT clusters in the long-term interaction which may enhance the pulmonary toxicity of the inhaled nanostructure. The ultimate insight provided by this study is to evaluate the toxicity of the interaction of asymmetrical NPs on biological barriers with a realistic approach. As a result of our investigations, it is proved that long-term exposure of anisotropic clusters can cause potential adverse effects on the healthy environment and breathing cycle of lungs more than smaller individual counterparts with the same concentration.

Efficient Synthesis of Chiral Aryl Alcohol with a Novel Kosakonia radicincitans Isolate in Tween 20/L-carnitine: Lysine-Containing Synergistic Reaction System.

Chiral trifluoromethyl alcohols as vital intermediates are of great interest in fine chemicals and especially in pharmaceutical synthesis. In this work, a novel isolate Kosakonia radicincitans ZJPH202011 was firstly employed as biocatalyst for the synthesis of (R)-1-(4-bromophenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoroethanol ((R)-BPFL) with good enantioselectivity. By optimizing fermentation conditions and bioreduction parameters in aqueous buffer system, the substrate concentration of 1-(4-bromophenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoroethanone (BPFO) was doubled from 10 to 20mM, and the enantiomeric excess (ee) value for (R)-BPFL increased from 88.8 to 96.4%. To improve biocatalytic efficiency by strengthening the mass-transfer rate, natural deep-eutectic solvents, surfactants and cyclodextrins (CDs) were introduced separately in the reaction system as cosolvent. Among them, L-carnitine: lysine (C: Lys, molar ratio 1:2), Tween 20 and γ-CD manifested higher (R)-BPFL yield compared with other same kind of cosolvents. Furthermore, based on the excellent performance of both Tween 20 and C: Lys (1:2) in enhancing BPFO solubility and ameliorating cell permeability, a Tween 20/C: Lys (1:2)-containing integrated reaction system was then established for efficient bioproduction of (R)-BPFL. After optimizing the critical factors involved in BPFO bioreduction in this synergistic reaction system, BPFO loading increased up to 45mM and the yield reached 90.0% within 9h, comparatively only 37.6% yield was acquired in neat aqueous buffer. This is the first report on K. radicincitans cells as new biocatalyst applied in (R)-BPFL preparation, and the developed Tween 20/C: Lys-containing synergistic reaction system has great potential for the synthesis of various chiral alcohols.

Review of the Application of Natural Surfactants in Enhanced Oil Recovery: State-of-the-Art and Perspectives

Review of the Application of Natural Surfactants in Enhanced Oil Recovery: State-of-the-Art and Perspectives

Comparing the clinical and economic efficiency of four natural surfactants in treating infants with respiratory distress syndrome.

Surfactant therapy has revolutionized the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) over the past few decades. Relying on a new method, the current research seeks to compare four common surfactants in the health market of Iran to determine the best surfactant according to the selected criteria. The research was a cross-sectional, retrospective study that used the data of 13,169 infants as recorded on the information system of the Iranian Ministry of Health. To rank the surfactants used, the following indicators were measured: re-dosing rate, average direct treatment cost, average length of stay, disease burden, need for invasive mechanical ventilation, survival at discharge, and medical referrals. The CRITIC (criteria importance through intercriteria correlation) method was used to determine the weight of the indicators, and MABAC (multi-attributive border approximation area comparison) was used to prioritize the surfactants. Based on the seven selected indicators in this research (re-dosing rate, average length of stay, direct medical cost per one prescription, medical referral rate, survival at discharge, disability-adjusted life years, number of newborns in need of invasive mechanical ventilation) and using multi-criteria analysis method, Alveofact was identified as the worst surfactant in infants with either more or less than 32 weeks' gestation. So that some criteria were worse in Alveofact group infants than other groups; for example, in the comparison of the Alveofact group with the average of the total population, it was found that the survival rate at discharge was 57.14% versus 66.43%, and the rate of re-dosing was 1.63 versus 1.39. BLES (bovine lipid extract surfactant) was the best alternative for infants more than 32 weeks' gestation, whereas Survanta was identified as best option for infants with less than 32 weeks' gestation. Curosurf showed an average level of functionality in the ranking. This study advises the policy makers in the field of neonatal health to increase the market share of more effective surfactants based on this study and other similar studies. On the other hand, neonatal health care providers are also advised to prioritize the use of more effective surfactants if possible, depending on the clinical conditions and desired improvements.

Biophysical function of pulmonary surfactant in liquid ventilation

Liquid ventilation is a mechanical ventilation technique in which the entire or part of the lung is filled with oxygenated perfluorocarbon (PFC) liquids rather than air in conventional mechanical ventilation. Despite its many ideal biophysicochemical properties for assisting liquid breathing, a general misconception about PFC is to use it as a replacement for pulmonary surfactant. Because of the high PFC-water interfacial tension (59 mN/m), pulmonary surfactant is indispensable in liquid ventilation to increase lung compliance. However, the biophysical function of pulmonary surfactant in liquid ventilation is still unknown. Here, we have studied the adsorption and dynamic surface activity of a natural surfactant preparation, Infasurf, at the PFC-water interface using constrained drop surfactometry. The constrained drop surfactometry is capable of simulating the intra-alveolar microenvironment of liquid ventilation under physiologically relevant conditions. It was found that Infasurf adsorbed to the PFC-water interface reduces the PFC-water interfacial tension from 59 mN/m to an equilibrium value of 9 mN/m within seconds. Atomic force microscopy revealed that after de novo adsorption, Infasurf forms multilayered structures at the PFC-water interface with an average thickness of 10–20 nm, depending on the adsorbing surfactant concentration. It was found that the adsorbed Infasurf film is capable of regulating the interfacial tension of the PFC-water interface within a narrow range, between ∼12 and ∼1 mN/m, during dynamic compression-expansion cycles that mimic liquid ventilation. These findings have novel implications in understanding the physiological and biophysical functions of the pulmonary surfactant film at the PFC-water interface, and may offer new translational insights into the development of liquid ventilation and liquid breathing techniques.

Sonoprocessing of oil: Asphaltene declustering behind fine ultrasonic emulsions

Despite the transition toward carbon-free energy carriers, liquid fossil fuels are expected to occupy an important market share in the future. Therefore, it is crucial to develop innovative technology for better combustion reducing the emissions of pollutants associated with their utilization. Water in oil (w/o) emulsions contribute to greener combustion, increasing carbon efficiency and reducing emissions. Water content, emulsions stability, and droplet size distributions are key parameters in targeting the efficient use of emulsions as combustibles. In particular, for fixed water content, the finer the emulsion, the better its beneficial effect on combustion. In this work, two emulsions, mechanically and ultrasonically generated, were compared. Cryogenic scanning electron microscopy (cryo-SEM) allowed the visualization of water droplets inside the oily matrix. No surfactants were added to the oil, due to its high asphaltenic content. Asphaltene molecular aggregates, namely clusters, act as natural surfactants stabilizing the emulsions by arranging at w/o interface and forming a rigid film. The asphaltenic rigid film is clearly visualized in this work and compared for the two emulsions. The results showed finer water droplets in the ultrasonically generated emulsion, together with a reduction in the thickness of the asphaltenic film. Ultrasonically induced cavitation favored the de-clustering (breakage of intermolecular forces) of asphaltene molecules. Thus, smaller clusters allowed to stabilize smaller water droplets resulting in an ultra-fine emulsion, which improves the combustion performances of the fuel.

Examination of a Theoretical Model for Drainage of Foams Prepared from Licorice Root Extract Solution

The root of the licorice plant (Glycyrrhiza glabra) is rich in natural surfactants, called saponins. The beneficial properties of this plant have led to different applications, including its use as a foaming agent. In this research, a theoretical model and its validity are discussed for the liquid drainage of foams made from licorice root extract solutions. After stating the important characteristics in the free drainage of foam, a relationship of the drained liquid volume based on effective parameters was obtained via a simplification of the governing equation. The theoretical model is applied to experimental foam drainage data measured at different concentrations of licorice root extract solutions. A comparison of theoretical and experimental results shows good agreement for the volume of drained liquid as a function of time. The characteristics obtained from the combination of effective parameters allows for a quantification of the drainage rate. In addition, the drainage rate at the beginning of the foam decay process, as a measure of stability, can be estimated using measurable properties.

A new tractable method for generating human alveolar macrophage-like cells in vitro to study lung inflammatory processes and diseases.

Alveolar macrophages (AMs) are unique lung resident cells that contact airborne pathogens and environmental particulates. The contribution of human AMs (HAMs) to pulmonary diseases remains poorly understood due to the difficulty in accessing them from human donors and their rapid phenotypic change during in vitro culture. Thus, there remains an unmet need for cost-effective methods for generating and/or differentiating primary cells into a HAM phenotype, particularly important for translational and clinical studies. We developed cell culture conditions that mimic the lung alveolar environment in humans using lung lipids, that is, Infasurf (calfactant, natural bovine surfactant) and lung-associated cytokines (granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, transforming growth factor-β, and interleukin 10) that facilitate the conversion of blood-obtained monocytes to an AM-like (AML) phenotype and function in tissue culture. Similar to HAM, AML cells are particularly susceptible to both Mycobacterium tuberculosis and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections. This study reveals the importance of alveolar space components in the development and maintenance of HAM phenotype and function and provides a readily accessible model to study HAM in infectious and inflammatory disease processes, as well as therapies and vaccines. IMPORTANCE Millions die annually from respiratory disorders. Lower respiratory track gas-exchanging alveoli maintain a precarious balance between fighting invaders and minimizing tissue damage. Key players herein are resident AMs. However, there are no easily accessible in vitro models of HAMs, presenting a huge scientific challenge. Here, we present a novel model for generating AML cells based on differentiating blood monocytes in a defined lung component cocktail. This model is non-invasive, significantly less costly than performing a bronchoalveolar lavage, yields more AML cells than HAMs per donor, and retains their phenotype in culture. We have applied this model to early studies of M. tuberculosis and SARS-CoV-2. This model will significantly advance respiratory biology research.