Nature Of State Research Articles

Regularities of Distribution of Feed Plants in the Vegetation of Gunnut-Kapychik Physical-Geographical Region

Feed plants are dynamically utilized by humans. This leads to a decreasing supply of feed plants. Also, considering that feed plants are eaten by animals, it can be observed that the decrease in the supply of these crops is inevitable. For this purpose, we studied the rare species of feed plants in the vegetation of Gunnut-Kapychik physiographic area where we conducted our research. The list of rare species distributed in the area is given by determining the distribution of feed plants in the area by altitudinal belts. Along with internationally recognized categories for determining the status of some important species, rare and endangered in nature, their relationship with the biome is also recorded. First of all, its past and present state in nature, its limiting factors are clarified and included in one of the relevant categories.

Validation of a Hybrid Domain Overlapping Coupling Between SAM and CFD Against the TALL-3D Transients

The system thermal-hydraulic (STH) code SAM has been coupled to the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code Simcenter STARCCM+ utilizing a hybrid domain overlapping coupling method in space and an explicit coupling in time. The coupling aims to extend the STH code’s applicability to scenarios where local momentum and energy transfers are important yet difficult for STH standalone models to capture, such as three-dimensional (3D) mixing and thermal stratification. The coupling method’s numerical stability was previously verified against multiple test cases including two closed-loop configurations, and it was validated against a double T-junction experiment with 3D scalar mixing. In the present work, the method is validated against the TALL-3D STH/CFD coupling benchmark facility. TALL-3D is a liquid-metal facility with a large, pool-type enclosure (test section) that exhibits 3D flow effects to be modeled by a CFD code. The rest of the system exhibits approximately one-dimensional behavior that is well predicted by a STH code. First, a STAR-CCM+ CFD model of the 3D test section is validated against experimental temperature data. Then a SAM-STARCCM+ coupled model is validated against six different TALL-3D steady states and includes SAM standalone results for comparison. Last, the coupled model is validated against two TALL-3D transients: one exhibiting flow reversal in the test section and one exhibiting nonlinear, limit cycle oscillations (LCOs). For the first transient, the SAM-STARCCM+ coupled model properly predicts an increase in the test section’s inlet temperature during flow reversal, and this increase is not predicted by the SAM standalone model. The coupled model also better predicts initial flow recovery and subsequent oscillations as the system approaches a final natural circulation state. For the second transient, no true final steady state is observed due to LCOs. Neither the SAM-STARCCM+ coupled model nor the SAM standalone model can perfectly capture the experiment’s changing oscillation frequency during the transient. Nevertheless, the coupled model does reproduce the general oscillatory feedback observed. This is a significant achievement because the present coupling only uses an explicit coupling in time, as opposed to a tighter, semi-implicit coupling. In comparison, STH/CFD coupling efforts previously performed by other authors required a semi-implicit coupling to obtain similar results to this work. The strengths of the novel coupling scheme validated in the present paper lie in the superior convergence characteristics and the much simpler, nonintrusive implementation.

Application of Remote Sensing Technologies for Nature Reserves Monitoring

The scientific article is devoted to the urgent problem of conservation of natural resources and ecosystems through the effective use of information technologies, especially methods of remote sensing of the Earth. Examples of the use of Landsat 8, Sentinel-2 and Resurs-P satellite systems for monitoring the state of nature, including the detection and analysis of wildfires, are given. Attention is also paid to the use of vegetation indices, such as the normalized vegetation index, to assess the consequences of fires in nature reserves.

„Dopieszczeni przez pana”. Czy istnieje alternatywa dla „zwrotu ludowego”?

The essay’s author addresses the arguments of critics of the so-called “people’s turn” in historiography, who in their description of relations in rural serfdom in Polish lands emphasise above all their complementary nature and alleged harmony, while also recognising the patriarchal and hierarchical order as the natural state of things, in which there was no need for the peasant to rebel. He shows that identical arguments were put forward by conservative columnists defending the serfdom system in the 19th century. They wrote, for example, about the patrimonial convention in the relations between heir and peasant, they belittled the scale of violence, and they emphasised the alleged timelessness of the peasant’s existence, “rooted in nature”. In addition he points to the selective approach taken by the authors of two reviewed works in regard to sources, along with their omission of key publications in international literature on the subject.

Study on shear surface morphology and failure mechanism of soil-rock mixture under wet-dry cycle action

The present study investigates the failure modes and formation mechanisms of shear surfaces in soil-rock mixtures from various perspectives. Firstly, through in-situ direct shear tests, two main shear failure modes, namely planar and non-planar, are identified. Subsequently, using PFC 2D numerical simulation, an in-depth exploration of the characteristics and causes of these two typical failure modes is conducted. The findings reveal that in the natural state, the material is relatively dry, and the matrix suction within the soil-rock mixture is significant. During shearing, the inter-particle force chains are prone to rupture, exhibiting characteristics akin to brittle failure. This leads to nearly planar shear surfaces, with force chain ruptures primarily localized near the planar regions adjacent to the shear surface. However, after multiple dry-wet cycles, the plastic enhancement of the soil-rock mixture reduces the matrix suction to almost zero. The continuous rupture and reorganization of force chains deepen the shear band under their influence, resulting in non-planar shear surfaces. It is noteworthy that the characteristic point fitting curve of non-planar shear surfaces exhibits a nonlinear trend. In summary, our study elucidates the evolution process and causes of shear surface morphology in soil-rock mixtures, which holds significant implications for understanding their mechanical properties and engineering behavior.

Drought and its ecological risk bundle from the perspective of watershed hydrological cycle

The mechanisms underlying the impacts of climate change and vegetation dynamics on hydrological drought in humid regions are still lacking. In this study, we connected the four components of meteorology-soil-vegetation-runoff to investigate the spatio-temporal response relationship between vegetation growth and different drought types. Based on the Variable Infiltration Capacity model and the Self-organizing Map Algorithm, we proposed ecological risk bundles at the grid scale to characterize the potential impacts of different types and levels of drought on vegetation. Furthermore, we quantified the driving impact of temporal and spatial changes in vegetation coverage on the propagation of meteorological-hydrological drought. The study found that the centers of gravity for the occurrence frequencies of extreme and mild drought shifted towards regions where vegetation growth was influenced by climate change. In certain regions of the watershed, vegetation exhibits significant spatial and temporal heterogeneity in its response to stress caused by different drought types. From 2004 to 2014, the stress on vegetation caused by moderate and mild meteorological droughts weakened, while soil moisture stress intensified after 2014. Simultaneously, the impacts of climate change and vegetation growth on runoff reached 48.25 % and 35.13 % respectively, and their synergistic effects triggered changes in the risk of co-concurrent return periods for hydrological drought events. Under the 100-year design return period, the co-occurrence return period of runoff shifted from its natural state of 162.9 years to 52.8 years, and the joint return period reversed its scenario, becoming shorter than the co-occurrence return period.

Seasonal dynamics and punctuated carbon sink reduction suggest photosynthetic capacity of boreal silver birch is reduced by the accumulation of hexose.

The 'assimilates inhibition hypothesis' posits that accumulation of nonstructural carbohydrates (NSCs) in leaves reduces leaf net photosynthetic rate, thus internally regulating photosynthesis. Experimental work provides equivocal support mostly under controlled conditions without identifying a particular NSC as involved in the regulation. We combined 3-yr in situ leaf gas exchange observations (natural dynamics) in the upper crown of mature Betula pendula simultaneously with measurements of concentrations of sucrose, hexoses (glucose and fructose), and starch, and similar measurements during several one-day shoot girdling (perturbation dynamics). Leaf water potential and water and nitrogen content were measured to account for their possible contribution to photosynthesis regulation. Leaf photosynthetic capacity (A/Ci) was temporally negatively correlated with NSC accumulation under both natural and perturbation states. For developed leaves, leaf hexose concentration explained A/Ci variation better than environmental variables (temperature history and daylength); the opposite was observed for developing leaves. The weaker correlations between NSCs and A/Ci in developing leaves may reflect their strong internal sink strength for carbohydrates. By contrast, the strong decline in photosynthetic capacity with NSCs accumulation in mature leaves, observed most clearly with hexose, and even more tightly with its constituents, provides support for the role of assimilates in regulating photosynthesis under natural conditions.

Resistance to Tyranny versus the Public Good: John Locke and Counter-Terror Law in the United Kingdom

ABSTRACT John Locke was a social contract theorist. He envisaged that individuals had domiciled in a state of nature, enjoying natural rights. But because of the insecurities of the natural state, individuals transitioned to the stability of civil society, guaranteed by a sovereign. There were fetters on the sovereign, however, such as passing laws for the public good. Is modern legislation to counter terrorism for the public good? Locke also expressly granted a right of resistance on the people. But is this right terrorism? Reflecting on these principles, this study examines counter-terror statutes and determines whether Locke would support them.

HUMAN NATURE IN THE VIEW OF THE PHILOSOPHER AL-GHAZALI

This article aims to explain the views of the philosopher Al-Ghazali regarding human nature. Basically humans are born in a state of nature, it's just that as humans grow from infancy, toddlerhood, children to old age. So sometimes they show behavior that is out of their nature. So in this case it is necessary to know what human nature is, which in this article will outline the views of the philosopher Al-Ghazali regarding human nature. In terms of this library research, researchers take from trusted sources such as books, journal articles and documents that discuss human nature in the views of the philosopher Al-Ghazali. In collecting data, the author collected journals or articles that discussed human nature in the views of the philosopher Al-Ghazali. In this research the author uses a descriptive approach which describes human nature in the view of the philosopher Al-Ghazali. By taking action to analyze the data found. The findings in this article: (1) Biography of Imam Al-Ghazali (2) Works of Imam Al-Ghazali; (3) Human Nature in the View of Imam Al-Ghazali

Ambient ionization mass spectrometry provides screening of selective androgen receptor modulators

Ambient ionization mass spectrometry allows for analysis of samples in their natural state, i.e., with no sample pre-treatment. It can be viewed as a fast, simple, and economical analysis, but its main disadvantages include a lower analytical performance due to the presence of complex sample matrix and the lack of chromatographic separation prior to the introduction of the sample into the mass spectrometer. Here we present an application of two ambient ionization mass spectrometry techniques, i.e., Desorption Atmospheric Pressure Photoionization and Dielectric Barrier Discharge Ionization, for the analysis of known Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators, which represent common compounds of abuse in professional and semiprofessional sport. Eight real samples of illegal food supplements, seized by the local law enforcement, were used to test the performance of the ambient mass spectrometry and the results were validated against a newly developed targeted LC-UV-MS/MS method performed in multiple reaction monitoring mode with an external calibration for each analyte. In order to decide whether or not the compound can be declared as present, we proposed a system of rules for the interpretation of the obtained spectra. The criteria are based on mass spectrum matching (5–10 ppm accuracy from the theoretical exact mass and a correct isotopic pattern), duration of the mass signal (three or five consecutive scans, depending on the instrumentation used), and intensity above the background noise (threefold increase in intensity and absolute intensity above 5E4 or 1E5, depending on the instrumentation). When applying these criteria, good agreement was found between the tested methods. Ambient ionization techniques were effective at detecting SARMs at pharmacologically relevant doses, i.e., approximately above 1 mg per capsule, although they may fail to detect lower levels or isomeric species. It is demonstrated that when adhering to a set of clear and consistent rules, ambient mass spectrometry can be employed as a qualitative technique for the screening of illegal SARMs with sufficient confidence and without the necessity to perform a regular LC-MS analysis.

Unraveling the competition between the oxygen and chlorine evolution reactions in seawater electrolysis: Enhancing selectivity for green hydrogen production

Selective oxidation of water without production of chlorine during the electrolysis of seawater is a critical impediment towards obtaining green hydrogen. Indeed, understanding the complex competitive mechanisms of oxygen and chlorine formation at the anode is an analytic challenge. An argument for direct seawater electrolysis is presented with a dissection of the complications that arise at the anode in the presence of seawater ionic constituents such as the chloride ion. Electrolyser system durability and the impact on the current and voltage efficiencies are discussed. Critical challenges at the anode under the acidic conditions of proton exchange membrane water electrolysis interrelate the thermodynamic and kinetic constraints of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and the chlorine evolution reaction (CER) to elucidate the heterogenous mechanisms of the OER and the CER and the crucial stability predicament under selective OER electrocatalysis. The selectivity circumstances resolved by Density Functional Theory computations shed insight onto the reaction conditions that select for the preferred OER adsorbate chemisorption on the surface and substantiates the observed overpotentials required for the OER and CER; experimental rotating ring disk electrode analysis further indicate competitive adsorption of OER and CER reactants under an assumed Langmuir isotherm model. Identifying the rate determining step and breaking the scaling relationship of the AEM OER pathway may both improve the stability of the catalyst and achieve lower OER overpotentials. Critical insight is given into designing the heterogeneous electrocatalyst structure with selective facets, additional point defects, and augmented active site density through single atom catalysts. An argument for the utilization of ruthenium for its high natural ubiquity and modulable valence states that can facilitate atomic configurations with optimal active site d-band center energies to promote selective adsorbate binding is presented. Studies of in-situ filtration of the chloride ion under acidic conditions highlight the utility of manganese oxide and silica; the augmentation of the conductivity through manipulation of polaronic interactions; and the design of heterogeneous electrocatalysts with self-healing characteristics demonstrated in select molecular catalysts that may decrease the overpotential of the OER and achieve selectivity. It is with the hope that these design strategies provide insights into future research efforts to uncover an electrocatalytic surface selective for OER evolution under the perilous acidic conditions and reveal an effective solution as serendipitous as the abundancy of a natural resource such as seawater.

Digital-SMLM for precisely localizing emitters within the diffraction limit.

Precisely pinpointing the positions of emitters within the diffraction limit is crucial for quantitative analysis or molecular mechanism investigation in biomedical research but has remained challenging unless exploiting single molecule localization microscopy (SMLM). Via integrating experimental spot dataset with deep learning, we develop a new approach, Digital-SMLM, to accurately predict emitter numbers and positions for sub-diffraction-limit spots with an accuracy of up to 98 % and a root mean square error as low as 14 nm. Digital-SMLM can accurately resolve two emitters at a close distance, e.g. 30 nm. Digital-SMLM outperforms Deep-STORM in predicting emitter numbers and positions for sub-diffraction-limited spots and recovering the ground truth distribution of molecules of interest. We have validated the generalization capability of Digital-SMLM using independent experimental data. Furthermore, Digital-SMLM complements SMLM by providing more accurate event number and precise emitter positions, enabling SMLM to closely approximate the natural state of high-density cellular structures.

Biofilms, mobile genetic elements and the persistence of pathogens on environmental surfaces in healthcare and food processing environments.

Biofilms are the natural state for bacterial and fungal species. To achieve surface hygiene in commercial facilities, the presence of biofilms must be adequately considered. However, standard disinfectant and sanitizer efficacy tests required by the US-EPA and the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) do not currently consider the role of environmental biofilms. This selective review will discuss what biofilms are and why they are important. We will also cover where they are commonly found in healthcare and food processing facilities and explore how current antimicrobial test methods required for product registration do not test for the presence of biofilms. Additionally, we will explore how a lack of efficacy against biofilms may play a role in the development of antimicrobial resistance in healthcare facilities due to the exchange of mobile genetic elements that occur readily in a biofilm matrix.

The elastica with pre-stress due to natural curvature

The axial buckling behavior is determined for an elastic beam or rod which has a uniform curvature in its natural state, is straightened by pure bending, and clamped at its ends. Buckling can be either identical to the classical two-dimensional behavior determined by Euler, or it can be three-dimensional involving twist and deflection out of the plane of natural curvature depending on the bending and torsional stiffnesses and the natural curvature. While the classical two-dimensional buckling behavior of Euler's elastica is stable under applied load, the three-dimensional buckling behavior can be stable or unstable. Theoretical and experimental examples are presented illustrating the full range of possibilities.

The Effectiveness of The Case Manager in Managing Inhaled Patients in Single Schools, Using Indicators from The Network of Patient Service Management

The aim of this research is to find out the effectiveness of case managers in managing patient nursing in JIH Solo Hospital with quality indicators of patient service management. The study employs a variety of data collection techniques, including in-depth interviews, documents, and observations. Through a qualitative descriptive approach, which is research based on post-positivism that studies the state of things and nature, data validation is a very important technique used to determine the validity and reliability of the data obtained in this study. The findings of the study indicate that the role of the case manager in the JIH Solo Hospital's nursing room is adequate in terms of quality control of health services and cost management. The role of the case manager at JIH Solo Hospital is to coordinate, facilitate, and advocate with the PPA and other related management units in carrying out patient care evaluation, planning, management, monitoring, and evaluation to develop the effectiveness, cost efficiency, and quality of hospital services. However, due to some impediments, the case manager at JIH Solo Hospital has not been able to meet all the indicators in the quality management of patient service where in this study found on the structural indicators there are still shortcomings where the Case Manager who should not be PPA is active and serves only in the morning shift, but the facts in the field show 2 of the 3 case managers appointed are active PPA and assigned in 3 shifts, and on the process indicator in the case of screening that should be carried out directly by case manager, but is still implemented by the head of unit and team under the supervision of the nursing care supervisor to then be to Case Manager for follow-up

A visual identification method of the growth posture of young peach fruits in orchards

A network model was proposed for identifying the growth posture of young peach fruits in orchards (YOLON) with the YOLOv5 network model in view of identifying the growth posture of young peach fruits in the natural growth state of orchards. First of all, Coordinate Attention (CA) was added based on the original backbone network due to the influence of peach young fruits on the near-color background to enhance the feature extraction ability of the image. Then, a small-target detection layer was added to the backbone network to optimize the detection effect of smaller young fruits. Finally, the rotating frame was selected to replace the original horizontal frame to detect the young fruits with directional attributes. Experiments showed that proposed YOLON in the visual recognition of the growth posture of multi-directional peach young fruits had the average accuracy rate of the recognition of peach young fruit and the estimation error of its growth angle of 93.04% and ±3.94°, respectively. It has a good recognition effect, which provides a reference for the visual recognition of the growth posture of other young fruits and vegetables.

Quantitative phase imaging techniques for measuring scattering properties of cells and tissues: a review-part I.

Quantitative phase imaging (QPI) techniques offer intrinsic information about the sample of interest in a label-free, noninvasive manner and have an enormous potential for wide biomedical applications with negligible perturbations to the natural state of the sample in vitro. We aim to present an in-depth review of the scattering formulation of light-matter interactions as applied to biological samples such as cells and tissues, discuss the relevant quantitative phase measurement techniques, and present a summary of various reported applications. We start with scattering theory and scattering properties of biological samples followed by an exploration of various microscopy configurations for 2D QPI for measurement of structure and dynamics. We reviewed 157 publications and presented a range of QPI techniques and discussed suitable applications for each. We also presented the theoretical frameworks for phase reconstruction associated with the discussed techniques and highlighted their domains of validity. We provide detailed theoretical as well as system-level information for a wide range of QPI techniques. Our study can serve as a guideline for new researchers looking for an exhaustive literature review of QPI methods and relevant applications.

Faktor-Faktor Pendidikan Dalam Pandangan Al-Qur’an dan Hadis

This paper aims to determine educational factors from the perspective of the Al-Qur'an and Hadith. Several factors in education are Human Factors, Educator Factors, Student Factors, Islamic Education Material and Method Factors, Learning Media Factors. This research uses a library research method. Literature review is a research technique by conducting searches regarding the concept of Islamic Education factors in terms of the Al-Qur'an and Hadith. Literature reviews are an important tool in contact reviews because literature is very useful and helps provide context and meaning to the writing that is being written. One of the educational factors reviewed from the Al-Qur'an is the human factor, which includes; can be caused by a leader, especially because of his leadership style, personnel who try to maintain rigid rules and arise because of individual personality traits, namely egoistic, temperamental, fanatical and authoritarian attitudes. Then the educational factor that is viewed from the Hadith is the parental education factor, where education in the family is the first and main education for children. Meanwhile, parents are the leaders of the family who are responsible for the safety of their children both in this world and in the afterlife, because children are not born but are born in a state of nature. So parents are obliged to educate their children. Children follow the example of their family members, their father, their mother or their siblings, so parents in the family must pay attention to their children and educate them. Parents are interested in the progress and development of their children, people always hope that their sons and daughters will be better than their parents.

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TWO DYNAMIC DECANTERS USED AT THE PASPANGA WATER TREATMENT PLANT IN BURKINA FASO: CASE OF ACCELATOR AND PULSATOR

Water is a basic resource for humans because their survival and some of their activities depend on it. There are several types of water depending on their sources including groundwater and surface water. In its natural state, most water needs to be treated before consumption. The National Water and Sanitation Office (ONEA) is one of the structures responsible at the national level for the purification of this water. The Paspanga water treatment station is an ONEA structure which exploits the water from the Loumbila and Ouaga 3 dams. This raw water follows an entire treatment process which involves the use of hydraulic structures such as decanters before being drinkable. The analysis of turbidity was carried out by nephelometry, pH and conductivity by electrochemistry, and organic matter by titrimetry. The results obtained made it possible to compare the accelator and pulsator decanters. For the same raw water we observed a drop in turbidity ranging from 58 to 83% for the accelator and from 51 to 75% for the pulsator. For a minimum average pH of the raw water of 6.76, the decanted water of the accelator has a minimum average pH of 6.49 and that of the pulsator of 6.46. For the same raw water we observed a drop in organic matter ranging from 22 to 52% for the accelator and from 16 to 41% for the pulsator. From all these results, it appears that the accelator is more efficient than the pulsator.

Stochastic Optimization of the Management Schedule of Korean Pine Plantations

Korean pine is one of the most important tree species in northeastern China, where Korean pine plantations produce timber and edible seeds. Often, seeds create more income than timber. Predicting the timber and cone yields of alternative management schedules of the plantations involves uncertainty because the future climatic conditions for tree growth and cone production are unknown. This study developed a simulation model that generates stochastic variation around the predictions of tree growth and cone yield models, allowing the forest manager to seek cutting schedules that maximize the expected amounts of timber or cones, or the expected economic profit, under uncertain future states of nature. Stochastic analysis also facilitates management optimizations for different risk attitudes. The differential evolution algorithm and the developed stochastic simulation model were used to optimize the management of planted Korean pine. Timber and cone yields of a management schedule were calculated under 100 different scenarios for tree growth and cone production. When the growth and cone yield scenarios were stationary (no temporal trends), the optimal management schedules were similar to those of deterministic optimization. The benefits of stochastic optimization increased when it was assumed that the tree growth scenarios may contain climate-change-induced trends. Non-stationary growth variation led to shorter optimal rotation lengths than stationary growth variation. Increasing risk tolerance shortened optimal rotations.