Natural Science Approach Research Articles

The use of web technologies in the transportation of medical waste generated during the treatment of COVID-19 on the territory of the Russian Federation

In this study, explores the use of web technologies as a way to ensure that medical waste transportation is undertaken in a proper and safe way. Insofar as an incorrect waste sorting is regarded as a source of an epidemiological threat within further transportation, is proposed a synthesis of a waste sorting model. The model is based on a natural science approach to managerial decision-making. The model enables to identify and prove violations concerning medical waste sorting. Described four interconnected components of the model: an initial stage, when vaccination processes are not taking place; the vaccination is completed and medical waste is sorted according to the rules; the vaccination is completed, but the rules of medical waste sorting are violated; all the problems related to medical waste sorting are solved, so its transportation is possible.

HUMANITARIAN-ORIENTED TEACHING OF MATHEMATICS AND NATURAL SCIENCES AT SCHOOL

The humanitarian potential of school mathematics and natural science disciplines for the education of a person who has a unified representation of the modern picture of the world, its scope and content require more and more study. The humanities-oriented teaching of mathematics and natural sciences at school is implemented in the learning process within the framework of traditional academic disciplines and has the full means for the comprehensive and harmonious development of the student's personality. The use of components of literature, language, history of the native land in the implementation of programs of mathematical, natural science education contributes to the development of interest in learning, the formation of personal values of students. Cognitive interest is created and maintained through the design of problem situations in the classroom, through the development of the ability to solve, develop plot problems that form functional (mathematical and natural science) literacy. The combination of natural science and humanitarian approaches in the representation and assessment of the world in the process of mastering the content of educational disciplines will spiritually enrich every student.

Natural and social science approaches are both needed to manage bird bycatch in small‐scale fisheries

Abstract Puck Bay is one of the most important resting and wintering places for seabirds in the Baltic Sea. It is also an important, intensively used fishery ground for traditional small‐scale fisheries operating with gillnets. The protection measures proposed in the consultation for the Natura 2000 Puck Bay conservation plan encountered considerable resistance from small‐scale fishermen. The most serious problem was the gap in scientific knowledge and the proposed closure of gillnets in a substantial area of the bay for the period from November to April. The conditions of bird bycatch in Puck Bay for the period from 1 October 2014 to the end of April 2015 are considered from two perspectives: modelling of bycatch data collected during pilot monitoring by direct on‐board observation together with voluntary fishery logbooks and content analysis of fishermen's interviews. The results from both attempts indicate that solutions to minimize bird bycatch should be sought for winter (December–February) and for all net types. Bycatch is also influenced by depth and fishing area. The modelling results indicate that fishing time is also important. The bycatch in Puck Bay between October 2014 and April 2015 was estimated at 1,332 birds (95% confidence interval: 789–2,898). The estimation was subject to additional uncertainty due to quantitative data limitations. In conflicting situations that require fisheries management to protect the environment, the use of fisheries knowledge through social science methods is essential. The barrier to such interdisciplinary research seems to be a lack of trust not only between fishermen and scientists but also between natural and social scientists. Fishery management in Puck Bay should be based on the combination of continuous bird and bird bycatch monitoring with the integration of local fishery knowledge to minimize the scale of bycatch.

Социальная психика и замкнутые коммуникативные потоки как макро- и микрохарактеристики состояния воинского коллектива

In this article, the object of research is the military personnel as a system, and the subject of research is the synergetic property of the system, namely the social psyche. The main objective of the study is to quantitatively describe the system microstatuses (the number of system elements, the maximum number of servicemen included in closed separate communication streams, the total number of these streams). At the macrolevel, a measure of the statistical uncertainty of the social psyche is calculated as a synergistic property of the system. The sociometry method (D.L. Moreno), graph theory and the algorithm for calculating Hamiltonian paths (N. Christophides) are used to identify any military personnel included in closed communication streams. Boltzmann's method of calculating the entropy is used as the initial entropy formula. As a result of the study, recommendations are obtained for restructuring the leadership style, using the tendencies towards organization and disorganization in the personnel making. The novelty of the article lies in formulating the problem of determining the measure of the statistical uncertainty of the social psyche, in proving the significance of the natural scientific approach in describing and identifying the elements of the system (military personnel) and in the quantitative description of the synergetic phenomena of a social group.

Positioning zoonotic disease research in forced migration: A systematic literature review of theoretical frameworks and approaches.

BackgroundThe emergence and transmission of zoonotic diseases are driven by complex interactions between health, environmental, and socio-political systems. Human movement is considered a significant and increasing factor in these processes, yet forced migration remains an understudied area of zoonotic research–due in part to the complexity of conducting interdisciplinary research in these settings.ObjectivesWe conducted a systematic review to identify and analyze theoretical frameworks and approaches used to study linkages between forced migration and zoonotic diseases.MethodsWe searched within eight electronic databases: ProQuest, SCOPUS, Web of Science, PubMed, PLoSOne, Science Direct, JSTOR, and Google Scholar, to identify a) research articles focusing on zoonoses considering forced migrants in their study populations, and b) forced migration literature which engaged with zoonotic disease. Both authors conducted a full-text review, evaluating the quality of literature reviews and primary data using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) model, while theoretical papers were evaluated for quality using a theory synthesis adapted from Bonell et al. (2013). Qualitative data were synthesized thematically according to the method suggested by Noblit and Hare (1988).ResultsAnalyses of the 23 included articles showed the increasing use of interdisciplinary frameworks and approaches over time, the majority of which stemmed from political ecology. Approaches such as EcoHealth and One Health were increasingly popular, but were more often linked to program implementation and development than broader contextual research. The majority of research failed to acknowledge the heterogeneity of migrant populations, lacked contextual depth, and insufficient acknowledgments of migrant agency in responding to zoonotic threats.ConclusionsAddressing the emergence and spread of zoonoses in forced migration contexts requires more careful consideration and use of interdisciplinary research to integrate the contributions of social and natural science approaches. Robust interdisciplinary theoretical frameworks are an important step for better understanding the complex health, environment, and socio-political drivers of zoonotic diseases in forced migration. Lessons can be learned from the application of these approaches in other hard-to-reach or seldom-heard populations.

Sequence of discussion on the “Psychology of Art” by L. S. Vygotsky (analysis and Interpretation of literary works)

  This article reviews the polemic of the author with a number of well-known psychologists who consider L. S. Vygotsky a humanities scholar, and that the book “Psychology of Art” introduces psychologists to the humanities. The author clarifies his position, trying to show that in his methodological projects L. S. Vygotsky adheres to the natural scientific approach; however, in some works he actually does think as a humanist. The author also casts doubt on Vygotsky's concept of art, demonstrating that the offered mechanisms of aesthetic response and interpretation of literary works are problematic or unsatisfactory. In this regard, analysis is conducted on the position of V. Sobkin, which differs significantly from the views of L. S. Vygotsky. The author offers the original interpretation of art, which implies the three aspect: sociocultural that analyzes artistic communication; related to the philosophy of subjectivity (life from the perspective of an artist, viewer, or reader); and analysis of artistic reality, which includes consideration of the literary language and events. The author elucidates the corresponding concepts and problems that appear in such art task. For better understanding of the proposed ideas, the author reviews the examples from the “Psychology of Art” by L. S. Vygotsky, and cites a case from the own works. The discrepancy with L. S. Vygotsky he views as an motive to continue his research and the need for their critical reflection.  

Ethno-ornithology of Temuan Community in Ledang, Johor

Ethno-ornithology is the study of the relationship between people and birds. It is a natural scientific approach that explains the relationship between people’s knowledge and the use of birds in their culture. Temuan community is one of the aborigine ethnics in Malaysia. They practice lifestyles that closely associated with nature. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the ethno-ornithology knowledge and practice by Temuan Community lived around the Gunung Ledang National Park, Johor, Malaysia. A set of questionnaires was distributed to 40 respondents from the Temuan community to gather the information of birds used in their daily activities. In addition, the information was also obtained from the interview session with the head of the village (Tok Batin). The identification of the birds obtained from the questionnaire and interview was further confirmed by using reliable resources. A total of 29 bird species was successfully identified. Temuan community used birds in their daily life in many ways such as, food, pet, folklore, entertainment, and many more. Understanding ethno-ornithology between local community and avifauna is good as it helps conservationists to keep track of bird species they use and identify the sustainable ways of this practice that align with the conservation of avifauna species.

Modern approaches towards the study of food culture in foreign scientific discourse

The subject of this research is the modern scientific discourse on food culture, while the object is the foreign approaches towards the study of food culture. Research dedicated to food culture is a crucial part of modern scientific discourse. The goal of this article lies in determination of the key approaches towards the study of food culture. The majority of foreign researchers claim that the modern study of nutrition shifted towards examination of the communicative aspects of food consumption (identity, cultural symbolism, social activity, etc.). From year to year, food and its consumption are explored by mass media and non-specialists as a form of art, leisure, source of social status, as well as method to express social / global differences, which manifests in the growing number of “trendy” food practices, magazine and newspaper publications, video blogs, cooking shows, etc. The author’s special contribution consists in outlining the three main approaches towards the study of nutrition: natural scientific, anthropological, and sociological. The natural scientific approach is associated with the basic principle of vitality of nutrition for people, which at the present stage is turning into a cult of healthy eating. The anthropological approach is based on determination of the anthropic characteristics of nutrition and is ramified and multidisciplinary. A special place is assigned to culturological direction. The sociological approach is focused of revelation of the role of alimentary culture in strengthening of social ties, social differentiation and integration on the micro- and macro levels. However, due to broadening of the research field related to nutrition, such classification can be elaborated.

PROFESSIONAL CONSULTING, PLANNING AND DESIGN OF REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE FACE OF INCREASING UNCERTAINTIES AND RISKS

The article reveals features of the ongoing transformations in the field of consulting, planning and design in the field of regional development in the face of increasing uncertainties and risks, primarily related to climate change and biodiversity loss. It shows that the very basis of such work is significantly changing, as the world-system becomes more complex, during the transition from the concept of an “empty” world to a “full” world. This change includes increasing emphasis on ensuring the resilience of human-dominated ecosystems, a change in decision-making, using behavioral a “responsible” human model that best meets the needs of inclusive sustainable development.The authors define features of consulting, planning and design of regional development in the face of increasing uncertainties and risks, as a special type of thinking activity, in a situation of approaching radical uncertainty. The article shows the necessity of supplementing natural science approaches with the tools and practices of post-normal science and the narrative theory of beliefs, as well as the ideas of K. Friston, implemented within his dynamic causal model.Such an approach is based on a systematic approach to decision-making in regional development and pays special attention to the adaptation of individuals and communities to high risks and uncertainties, primarily climatic and natural. It helps to better reflect the diversity of geographical conditions, to clarify the range of effective solutions for sustainable development of regions and increase the long-term resilience of business.

Двойные загоны — новые памятники бронзового века в Северо-Западном Крыму: предварительные результаты геофизических, геохимических и микробиологических исследований

In the course of systematic exploration in 2007—2020, using natural-scientific approaches, more than 50 new settlements of the Bronze Age were discovered and investigated in North-West Crimea, for which borders, layouts were determined, and individual building complexes were identified. This became possible only with the use of an interdisciplinary methodology that combines the analysis of satellite images, magnetic survey and selective excavation. One of the most impressive results achieved thanks to the large-scale magnetic survey was the identification of double (in rare cases — single) oval stone structures with a maximum diameter of up to 50 m, interpreted as cattle corrals at 25 settlements. On the surface of the soil and on satellite images of a certain period of the year, these corrals appear only in denser grassy vegetation, since the stone fences of the corrals are completely submerged in the ground. Surface material is not found in corrals; it can only be found in burrows of rodents and foxes. This is the first time that such constructions have been revealed entirely. The most probable chronological position of these sites is the Late Bronze Age. The article presents the results of comprehensive studies of one of the characteristic double corrals, identified at the Bronze Age settlement Natashino 1. Based on the results of magnetic surveys, geochemical and microbiological analyzes of the cultural layer, it was possible to draw conclusions about the purpose of the corrals and the functional difference between their small and large parts.

Knowledge and conservation of Old-Growth Forests: a key issue to face global changes. The case study of Strâmbu-Băiuț - Maramureş (Eastern Carpathians, Romania)

Over the last three decades, worldwide forests have become increasingly the focus of societal and scientific interest. The critical ecosystem services they provide are considered as key elements to mitigate harmful effects of global changes. Most of recent studies highlighted the highest effectiveness of the so-called ‘primary’, ‘natural’ and ‘old-growth forests’ in this struggle due to their specific features (biodiversity and carbon storage capacity). However, in Europe, these forests which represent less than 1% of total forest cover are threatened by unsustainable human activity. Mainly based on pure ecological investigations, most of recent studies have rarely integrated human dimensions so far. Several outstanding issues remain to be addressed about the real nature of the “remaining natural European forests”. Tackling this issue is crucial to know which forest must be conserved and how. In order to improve (i) knowledge about and (ii) conservation and /or sustainable management of such forests, we carried out an integrative and innovative research combining natural, social and human science approaches on a recently classified UNESCO primary beech forest located in the Maramures county (Eastern Carpathians, Romania). First results highlighted that far from being untouched, this current high-value forest results from a long-term co-evolution with local communities. It implies a deeper understanding of the complex interaction between ecological and anthropogenic legacies is mandatory to improve and grant the preservation and sustainability of old-growth forests.

"Атлантида советского искусства": классика и постнеклассика

The fundamental work of Professor G. G. Dadamyan "Atlantis of Soviet Art" is an interdisciplinary university course. The scientist taught it for many years at the Russian Institute of Theater Arts (GITIS – the largest theater university in Europe, founded in 1878). This course was also a great success in other higher educational institutions. The materials of this unique research are regularly reproduced both at universities and at scientific conferences in memory of Professor Dadamyan, in Moscow. The author of this article has been cooperating with these institutions for many years, as well as with colleagues and students of the outstanding scientist. The article deals with the methodological approaches of the book by G.G. Dadamyan, which are fruitful and relevant for the interdisciplinary analysis of artistic culture. G. G. Dadamyan examines the period between 1917 and 1932 in the book "Atlantis of Soviet Art". He divides it into several paradigms. According to G. G. Dadamyan, each paradigm is based on the unity and interpenetration of political, genre, and space-time matrices. Proposed by G. G. The Dadamian methodology allows you to synchronize different aspects of culture. One of the goals of the proposed article is also to draw attention to the original methodology of G. G. Dadamyan. It allows us to compare the Russian avant-garde and socio-political processes in a multi-layered social time. In this article, the hypothesis is put forward that the paradigms, according to Dadamyan, are comparable with the natural-scientific approaches of post-non-classical studies. The unique concept of Professor G. G. Dadamyan deserves to be promoted on the world scientific podiums.

Qualitative and Quantitative Fisher Perceptions to Complement Natural Science Data for Managing Fisheries

Sustainably managing fisheries for ecological and social objectives in the current era of rapid environmental change requires that managers, scientists, and fishery stakeholders work together to find solutions to complex problems. Recognizing that multiple forms of knowledge generation exist and focusing on the strengths of different ways‐of‐knowing can facilitate a more holistic understanding of these problems. Here, we illustrate the value in both natural and social science‐generated information for informing our understanding of a rapidly changing social–ecological system. Using data collected through an in‐person and online survey, we show that methods for quantifying user perceptions can facilitate the integration of social data with traditional scientific data collection efforts. Specifically, the synthesis of a Bayesian lifecycle model (Cunningham et al. 2018) for Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and quantified fisher perceptions suggests that natural science efforts and resource users largely agree on many of the factors that may be contributing to the observed declines in abundance of Chinook Salmon in Alaska. A qualitative assessment of the perceptions of resource users revealed benefits to incorporating stakeholders in science and management, including the ability to identify regional issues or trends potentially unrealized by natural science approaches. Our study highlights the synergistic value of multiple sources of ecological information for sustainably managing fishery systems.

The Relevance of Metaphysics to Behavior Analysis

Behavior analysis takes a natural science approach to human and animal behavior. Some basic tenets are widely agreed in the field but it can be argued that some other assumptions are implicit in our approach and, if unexamined, may impair progress. Since the time of David Hume, there has been a strong Western philosophical tradition of naturalism and realism. Although behavior analysis has from the outset embraced pragmatism, features of naturalism are embedded in the metaphysics of science and thus have been imported into behavior analysis. Many versions of naturalism imply dualism, but this can be avoided without abandoning a naturalist–realist position either by adopting the historicist approach of Rorty, which suggests that apparently a priori truths are often merely conventions of a philosophical tradition, or by accepting Wittgenstein’s view that there are hinge statements that are fundamental to our thinking but are not propositional beliefs and do not entail dualism. As an alternative, we can adopt the metaphysical assumptions of monism, possibly starting from William James’s approach of neutral monism. Revising our metaphysical assumptions while retaining the pragmatism that is central to behavior analysis may enable us to engage more effectively with cognitive psychology, to develop stronger links with ecological psychology and other approaches that reject representationalism, and to move beyond the debate about the status of private events.

МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКОЕ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ В СОЦИАЛЬНЫХ И ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИХ СИСТЕМАХ

In the modern rapidly changing world, there are constant changes in all spheres of human activity, including in the social and economic systems, such as education, law, health care. All areas require study for improving management and decision-making mechanisms in order to increase the efficiency of their functioning and further logic of action improving the process of functioning of processes in social and economic systems. The introduction of the sites of educational organizations into educational institutions of higher education (UHE) has led to the need for the person in charge of the site (LOU) of the organization to have a mathematical model of management decisions to counter emerging threats. In this paper, we will consider the process of forming a mathematical model of an administrative decision, which is obtained on the basis of synthesis from the transition states of the system using the Kolmogorov differential equations, by further transforming them into a system of linear algebraic equations (SLAE) and solving them by the Gauss method. Mathematical modeling is based on synthesis processes using the law of preserving the integrity of the object (ZSCO) and the natural science approach (ESA). The use of the synthesis method allows you to achieve the control goal based on the required performance indicators. The proposed mathematical model helps in solving three processes aimed at monitoring the occurrence of a problem in a controlled system, the process of recognizing the problem and the process of implementing a managerial decision to eliminate the problem. The final obtained mathematical solution for modeling the situation in the social and economic system helps to establish a model of LOU behavior depending on the current situation, which will lead to saving time resources and the possibility of its redistribution for solving other problems. The resulting mathematical model can be further complicated by adding new variables and conditions for the implementation of the control process.

Natural Sciences and Narrative Imagination—A Review of Ian Duncan, Human Forms: The Novel in the Age of Evolution

This review-article discusses Ian Duncan's groundbreaking book, which examines nineteenth-century narrative fiction in the light of natural science's approach to the origins of the human species and its place in the world. As Duncan explains, after Linneus and Buffon systematically classified all living species in the eighteenth century, Lamarck and Darwin focused on the specific processes involved in the biological transformation, diversification, and evolution of these species. Similarly, while David Hume and Immanuel Kant described what they assumed to be universal features of humanity, Herder and Hegel's writings emphasized the diversity of human cultures and the progressive movement of history. As Duncan shows, nineteenth-century authors looked beyond general human qualities in literature as well, turning their attention to the striking differences between historical periods, to the multiple links, harmonious or monstrous, between human beings and the organization of society, and to the impact of robust, independent individuals on societal development. Illuminating analyses of novels by Walter Scott, Victor Hugo, Charles Dickens, and George Eliot show the intimate convergence between nineteenth-century biological and historical theories of evolution and the rise of the realist novel.

Collective Learning Method

In modern conditions of the development of education, when the goal of improving the quality ofeducation is set for teachers, it is important to correctly direct the work of the methodologicalassociation of subject teachers.In these conditions, the most important task of the system of post-secondary, higher, and postgraduate,additional professional education is mastering the methodology and theory of new didactics, built onthe natural science (scientific) approach to teaching, and the technology of a collective method oflearning (CLM), i.e. technology of mass and high-quality training and education according to ability. Itis the teacher's living in this whole process that determines his technological literacy. In this regard, thepurpose of our article is to reveal the main way of forming technological literacy of practitioners,mastering CLM technology, the technology of “teaching” a student, its application in teaching practice,which will allow “to include each student in communicative and cognitive activity.”

Factors of the Environmental Components of the Population Quality of Life

The current complex crisis situation in the world presents the scientific community with the task of developing theoretical and methodological provisions and models that are adequate to describe natural systems, while being sufficiently applicable to assess socio-economic processes. The article attempts to analysis of factors of the environmental component of the quality of life of the population. For more than a hundred years, physical laws and analogies have been used to analyze social and economic systems. An attempt to use the laws of nature in the preparation of solutions for the management of social and economic systems is made by the environmental economy. An analysis of the history of the formation and development of the ecological economy was carried out, as a result of which its new direction was revealed, based on a natural science approach and a systemic energy analysis of socio-economic systems. Consideration of the factors of quality of life is carried out from the point of view of the principle of steady non-equilibrium of E.S. Bauer and the natural science foundations of labor, set forth in the works of S.A. Podolinsky. The main hypothesis of the study, the theoretical and methodological foundations of the natural science approach and systemic energy analysis of socio-economic systems related to the study of the relationship between society and the natural environment, with the laws of the functioning of living systems (works of E.S. Bauer, V.I. Vernadsky, A.L. Chizhevsky, etc.). A system of parameters is proposed that allows solving important applied tasks of modeling the environmental component of quality of life in terms of natural science meters without using monetary measures. The selected parameters were modelled on the example of the federal districts of the Russian Federation with the analysis of the identified features and results. The results confirmed the possibility of applying the principles-criteria proposed in the work for the analysis of the development of socio-economic systems in interaction with the environment

Philippe Pinel and the foundations of modern psychiatric nosology.

Philippe Pinel (1745-1826) played a major role in the foundation of modern psychiatric nosology. Much of his contribution, historically contextualized within the enlightenment generally and post-Revolutionary France more specifically, can be summarized through five themes in his background, education and writings. First, he applied an inductive, enlightenment-informed natural science approach to classification adapted from the biological sciences, which he had studied, and applied this to large samples of mentally ill individuals in Parisian asylums, frequently referring to 'varieties' and 'species' of insanity. Second, Pinel's classificatory approach rejected metaphysical and highly speculative etiologic theories in favor of a Baconian inductive approach utilizing observational data. Third, Pinel advocated repeated assessments of patients over time, feasible given long in-patient stays. Fourth, trained in philosophy, Pinel relied on philosophically informed models of the mind and of insanity. Fifth, Pinel extensively utilized faculty psychology to understand and classify mental illness. He anticipated further developments of nineteenth-century psychiatric nosology by challenging the then-dominant intellectualist models of insanity, adopting a humanistic-informed emphasis on the importance of symptoms alongside signs, arguing that passions could be the primary cause of mental illness, and trying to infer causal inter-relationships in psychiatric patients between disturbances in affect and understanding.

Modern technology for evaluating measures to optimize and improve the working of teacher and staff

The study was conducted using a natural science approach to assessing the working conditions of teachers and staff. Applied methods: system analysis, mathematical modeling, logical generalization of statistical data of a sociological survey. The introduction describes changes in the regulatory framework of the Ministry of labor of Russia. The requirements for the working conditions of the teaching staff during the period of self-isolation COVID-19 are described. Modern technology for evaluating measures to optimize and improve the working conditions of teachers and staff offers new calculation coefficients of criteria and indicators for evaluating the effectiveness of measures to optimize and improve working conditions. The effectiveness of measures is proposed to be evaluated by four groups of indicators: physical, social, economic, and reputational (reputation). For the resulting analysis of the effectiveness of measures, it is proposed to apply a "Generalized criterion". The generalized efficiency criterion is proposed to be calculated as a generalized Harrington desirability function. It is proposed to use regression methods, expert evaluation methods, and Bayesian methods to predict the effectiveness of the assessment. The simulation is performed using the Monte Carlo method, using Markov chains. The identified modern trends in achieving the University’s target indicators and indicators are described. Technologies that reduce time, labor, financial, and material costs are described. Overall satisfaction with the working conditions of teachers and staff was revealed. Modeling and forecasting were performed. New trends in achieving the University’s target indicators and indicators are identified and described. Ways to automate processes are suggested. A new motivational approach is described, which forms a new General vector of the University’s orientation. The practical significance of the research results is proved. In conclusion, the results of a sociological survey of teachers on satisfaction with working conditions are promised. The directions of development of the University that increase satisfaction with the working conditions of teachers and staff are identified.