Natural Water Resources Research Articles

Validation Model of Water Crisis Management Policy in Iran

The present study is applied in nature and employs a quantitative, descriptive cross-sectional survey method for data collection. The statistical population comprises all experts and active managers associated with the water industry (national water resources management). According to the latest human resources statistics in national water resources management, the population includes 20,000 technical, engineering, and managerial personnel across the country. The sample size for this study was calculated using the Morgan table, resulting in a sample of 391 respondents. The research instrument consists of a 47-item questionnaire developed by Mahdavi Far et al. (2024). The reliability of the research instrument was assessed using Cronbach's alpha, yielding a value of 0.724. The findings from the study indicate that the highest path coefficient pertains to the relationship between strategies and outcomes, with a path coefficient of 0.947. The second highest is the relationship between causal conditions and the core category, with a path coefficient of 0.923. The relationship between contextual conditions and strategies follows, with a path coefficient of 0.879. The fourth highest path coefficient is between intervening conditions and strategies at 0.851, and finally, the core category and strategies have a path coefficient of 0.844. The results of the research demonstrate that causal conditions have a significant positive effect on the core phenomenon (β = 0.923, t = 49.568, p < 0.0001). Therefore, an increase in causal conditions leads to an increase in the core phenomenon. Additionally, contextual factors significantly and positively affect strategies (β = 0.879, t = 47.632, p < 0.001), suggesting that an increase in contextual factors leads to an enhancement in strategies. Intervening conditions also have a significant positive effect on strategies (β = 0.851, t = 41.937, p < 0.001), indicating that these conditions contribute to the reduction in strategies. Furthermore, the core phenomenon significantly and positively influences strategies (β = 0.844, t = 45.177, p < 0.001), suggesting that an increase in the core phenomenon enhances strategies. Finally, strategies significantly and positively affect outcomes or results (β = 0.947, t = 53.941, p < 0.001), indicating that an increase in strategies leads to improved outcomes or results.

Evaluation of Water Quality of the Surface Water Bodies in Gorakhpur City

Growing population, intensive agriculture, climate change, water pollution and depleting natural water resources are the main factors of water scarcity in India. More than 80 percent of sewage water generated by human activities is discharged into rivers and oceans without any control, resulting in environmental pollution and greatly affecting human health. Eighty percent of diseases and 50 percent of child deaths worldwide are related to polluted water. Water plays an important role for living beings and humans. Therefore, regular water quality monitoring is considered a top priority for all countries in the world. Water quality monitoring not only helps countries assess and predict pollution, but also provides information for planning the sustainable use of water resources. Rivers are an important component of both urban and rural aquatic ecosystems, and rapidly increasing pollution in rivers seriously threatens the safety of these ecosystems. The degradation of surface water quality due to increasing pollution and climate change has become a serious concern worldwide. Such degradation threatens the use of water resources, especially drinking water supplies, and economic development.

Использование водных ресурсов в бассейне реки Барада

The purpose of the research is to study the current problems of water use for the Barada River basin (Syria) based on the analysis of the hydrological characteristics of natural water resources and making forecasts of the use of water resources for the future. To achieve this goal, methods are used to construct a theoretical supply curve based on average long-term data on the flow of the Barada River in Syria, as well as a predictive method based on retrospective data and a balance method for assessing the water management situation and the limiting period for the water content of the river during the year. The assessment of water use conditions and water availability periods was carried out for years of 90% availability of river flow for agriculture based on irrigation and for years of 75% availability of river flow for other industrial water users. The assessment of water resources and the analysis of the peculiarities of the use of the waters of the Barada River, taking into account local conditions, were carried out. Diffuse flows from territories are taken into account in water management balances. The pollution of river runoff by water quality class was also assessed. Recommendations are given for restoring the water quality in the river for different years in terms of water content. The recommendations take into account the use of sorbent meliorants for cleaning diffuse and drainage runoff with an efficiency of up to 90%.

A comprehensive study on an integrated approach for water hyacinth management to conserve natural water resources in India

The rapid growth of the free-floating invasive weed Water Hyacinth (WH) has caused an environmental and social menace in most water bodies. Its large mat formation not only affects the underlying aquatic species by blocking sunlight and depleting oxygen, but it also interferes with commercial activities such as fishing and transportation. Public health is also affected as it provides shelter for disease-causing mosquitoes. Additionally, it is a bio-indicator of water bodies polluted with heavy metals. Removing and managing this weed is crucial for conserving natural water resources. Various manual, mechanical, chemical, and biological methods have been tried and tested to eradicate this plant. However, each method has its limitations, and the reoccurrence of this weed in a short time calls for an innovative approach to finding sustainable solutions. Recent studies focus on utilizing this weed for commercial purposes rather than eradicating it. The high cellulose and hemicellulose content in the plant make it an excellent source for renewable fuel production. It also finds application in industries that prepare animal food, compost, and bio-fertilizers due to the high nutrient content. Many states in India are utilizing the WH plant to produce eco-friendly and creative products, thus helping in local employment generation. This study's research contribution is evaluating the advantages and drawbacks of weed removal methods, the potential of WH plants in phytoremediation and biofuel production, case studies of successful alternate uses of WH plants, and possible action plans for economically and ecologically sustainable plant management to conserve water resources in India. The specific outcome of the study is that water hyacinth management is not the responsibility of a single body or entity, but rather the responsibility of different stakeholders and their combined efforts to combat this issue at a national level.

A Fusion of Multi-Criteria Decision-Making for Select Recharge Structure

Groundwater recharge is essential in establishing reliable groundwater supplies in a region. Groundwater is a vital natural water resource, but its quantity and quality may vary significantly from one area to another. Growing urbanization and population increase have put a significant demand on groundwater supplies. Using Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM), several studies have identified good areas for recharging groundwater supplies. To help choose between several types of artificial recharge (AR) structures, we have developed an MCDM approach for this research. We used an MCDM fusion methodology to combine various AR criteria with the alternatives. This study collected eight criteria and eight alternatives. We used the average method to compute the weights of the criteria. Then, we used the COCOSO method as an MCDM fusion method to rank the alternatives. The results show that hydrological conditions are the best criteria, and stakeholder engagement is the lowest weight. The sensitivity analysis is performed to show the stability of the results in this study.

Hydrogeochemical characteristic and water quality index of groundwater and streamwater at Nam Mu River basin, Lai Chau province in northwest Vietnam

Assessing the quality of groundwater and upstream water in regions experiencing water scarcity during the dry season, such as the mountainous districts of Northern Vietnam, holds immense significance in the management, utilization, and preservation of natural water resources. In this study, we collected and analyzed 54 samples of groundwater and upstream streamwater within the Nam Mu river basin in Lai Chau province during the dry season. These samples underwent thorough analysis for physicochemical parameters, major ion concentrations, and trace elements. Some results revealed a close relationship between streamwater and groundwater, indicating a similar chemical composition. These waters could be classified based on geological formations, yielding two primary water types in the area. The first type, characterized by Ca2+ - Mg2+ - HCO3 − is prevalent in Triassic terrigenous sediments. The second type is a mixed water type, ranging from Ca2+ - Mg2+ - Cl− to Ca2+ - Na+ - HCO3 −, primarily distributed in Permian felsic volcanic formations. These distinct water types are primarily the result of interactions between water and rock, precipitation processes, and ion exchange phenomena. Geochemical simulation results demonstrated the supersaturation of aragonite, calcite, and dolomite minerals, leading to the precipitation of carbonate minerals. Concurrently, the simulation indicated a tendency to dissolve minerals such as fluorite, gypsum, halite, and sylvite. The assessment of water quality using the WQI indicates that, in accordance with QCVN 01-1:2018/BYT 2018 standards, the majority of groundwater and streamwater are suitable for domestic use. However, exceptions exist in certain sample locations where water quality exceeds permissible standards, primarily due to elevated levels of Fe, Mn, and NO3 − concentration. Hence, it is important to implement water treatment processes for the water sourced from these specific locations before their utilization in daily activities to ensure the safety and well-being of the local population.

PENGELOLAAN SUMBERDAYA AIR TERPADU BERBASIS GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS) DI KABUPATEN MUSI RAWAS UTARA

North Musi Rawas Regency is a new district that has a wealth of natural resources, one of which is water resources. However, the use of water resources is not maximized and not properly inventoried, especially in disaster activities such as floods and forest fires. This is because the condition of the area is difficult to reach, making it difficult for local governments to map the situation and potential of water resources. The increasing development of science and technology requires local governments to have special data collection systems for natural disaster situations and water resources, especially those that can be accessed by the public. The aim of this research is to identify natural disaster situations and water resource potential based on field data taken and provide information regarding natural disaster data (floods and forest fires) and water resource potential that can be accessed by the government and the public. It is hoped that the results of this research will provide a general overview of information regarding natural disaster situations and water resource potential in North Musi Rawas Regency so that it can become a work reference and decision/policy making for the Government/relevant agencies in disaster emergency response preparedness efforts and the development of sustainable water resource potential development. . The research location is North Musi Rawas Regency. The research method is a field survey. The survey carried out was to collect data and coordinate points for floods and forest fires as well as potential water resources. Next, hydrological system identification and data inventory will be carried out. Then the data was analyzed using a GIS application. The map contains information on disaster point data (floods and forest fires), water facilities and infrastructure as well as water resource potential as part of public information.

Water age modeling as a tool to improve the quality and reduce the costs of water treatment in Polanica-Zdrój

The article contains part of the results of the project Protection of Natural Water Resources in Polanica-Zdrój through Intelligent Water and sewage management. The article presents the research results into the water supply network (WDN). The aim of the research was to improve the quality of water and reduce the cost of its treatment by reducing the age of the water. For this purpose, a model was built that takes into account the time in which water stays in a given section from the moment it flows out of the intake and mixes with the water already present in the network. The research was preceded by the construction of a model based on GIS geodetic data and a digital terrain model. On the basis of the simulations and analyses carried out, a solution was proposed to reduce the average age of water in the investigated WDN.

Main Scientific Principles of a Systematic Approach to the Determination of Negative Factors Affecting Urban Environment

Introduction. With the modern active development of urban areas, the problems in the field of environmental safety are becoming increasingly relevant. These problems cannot be solved without an in-depth analysis of the factors that disrupt the ecological balance and cause negative consequences for the components of the environment. At the same time, construction industry is one of the main elements of human economic activity that forms technogenic loads. This is due, among other things, to the fact that, unlike some other areas, the pace of construction work has increased significantly over the past year. So, as of March 2023, 2,460 developer organizations were registered in the Russian Federation, which was 14 % more than in the previous period, that is, the speed and scale of construction work most of all affect the population of cities from a socio-economic point of view. At the same time, we should not forget about the environmental side of the issue. Many years of research in this area has shown the lack of a structured approach to assessing the environmental safety of urban areas, including the selection of an optimal list of environmental measures. At the same time, scientific approaches based on the ecological characteristics of the totality of natural conditions, determining the maximum permissible anthropogenic loads, identifying environmentally significant environmental parameters, such as the amount of oxygen in the atmospheric air or the availability of natural water resources, require significant time and labor costs, and also, as a rule, are not tied to specific objects of the urban environment. However, urban planning spaces, depending on their functional purpose, contain typical anthropogenic objects, among which capital construction and landscaping facilities predominate. The nature of the negative impact on the environment from such facilities is obviously also typical. In this regard, the aim of the study was to systematize and unify numerous negative factors affecting the territory of a particular object of capital construction and landscaping, depending on the functional purpose of the territory and the types of objects located on it. The authors propose to perform such transformations automatically within the framework of the developed online platform. Materials and Methods. To assess the negative impact on the urban environment, it was proposed to use a methodological approach based on the concept of functional zoning of the territory. According to the Urban Planning Code of the Russian Federation, each functional zone is characterized by the presence of certain capital construction and landscaping facilities. To achieve this goal, we used methods of comparative and system analysis and generalization. Thus, the results were obtained and systematized in the work, which showed the similarity of the nature of the negative impact from the same types of capital construction and landscaping facilities. Results. The assessment of the negative impact of capital construction and landscaping facilities on the environment was part of the research work prepared within the framework of the state program "Priority 2030". A systematic approach in analytical studies of negative factors of urban environment will allow structuring information, significantly speeding up its analysis and making appropriate decisions due to the relationships we have established between the parameters of negative factors, types of objects and functional zones in which they were located. The proposed approach was implemented within the framework of the online platform developed by the authors. At the same time, the main principle that guided us was quick access to the task of ensuring environmental safety of the territory due to accelerated automated assessment of negative factors from a given capital construction object or urban improvement. Discussion and Conclusion. The obtained research results, which include the systematization of negative environmental impact factors on the territories of capital construction and landscaping facilities, depending on the functional zones of their location, are the basis for further development of methods for ensuring environmental safety of the urban environment. The fullest possible identification of all environmentally hazardous factors will ensure an effective assessment of the negative impact on the environment of capital construction projects and urban improvement.

Assessing the effect of organic amendments on the degradation of profoxydim in paddy soils: Kinetic modeling and identification of degradation products

The fate and behavior of herbicides can be altered in an unpredictable way when organic amendments are added to soil as a beneficial management tool. The objective of this work was to investigate the effect exerted by the addition of two different organic amendments (alperujo compost and biochar) to soil in the degradation of one of the most relevant new generation rice herbicides, profoxydim. In unamended soils, the degradation of profoxydim was quite fast and was governed by both chemical (DT50steril soil = from 1.52 to 9.21 days) and microbial (DT50nonsterile soil = from 0.47 to 0.53 days) processes.Alperujo- and biochar-amended soils significantly increased the persistence of the herbicide in both soils, especially in the presence of biochar, due to the high capacity absorption of this amendment, increasing DT90 from 1.92 to 3.54 days for DT90unamended to 41.02–48.41 days for DT90biochar amended. Different kinetics models applied to fit the observed dissipation datasets showed that a HS biphasic model fits well with the dissipation of profoxydim in amended and unamended soils.For the first time, five degradation products (DPs) were identified by HPLC-QTOF-MS/MS in soil and a degradation pathway was described. Main DP was generated via oxidation of the sulfur atom to give rise to the corresponding sulfoxide derivative, with this DP being more persistent than the active substance.These outcomes can be very useful for the assessment of the environmental risk associated with the use of profoxydim in rice crops and the application of organic amendments as potential measures for minimizing the risk of contamination of natural water resources.

Soil Erosion Risk Assessment Using Corine Model: A Case Study in Shwan Sub basin, Kirkuk, Iraq

Water erosion is one of the most important problems and challenges facing the optimal management of natural resources, especially soil and water resources, because of its impact on soil degradation. This study aimed to classify the risk of soil water erosion and clarify its distribution in the Shwan Basin in Kirkuk Governorate - Iraq based on the Corine model.In the first stage of the work, the soil erodibilty, erosivity and slope factors were determined, classified and mapped according to the degree of their impact on soil erosion.The potential soil erosion risk map was prepared using Arc GIS 10.4.1.In the second stage, the land cover factor was calculated and classified according to the degree of protection. In the last stage, the actual soil erosion risk map was prepared by multiplying the class of land cover with the map of potential soil erosion risk over the entire study area.The study showed that 28.18% of the studied area is classified under a high risk, 39.57% represents as a medium risk and 32.25% is a low risk .The areas of severe soil erosion risk were concentrated in the southwestern part and some northern and central parts, and the areas of medium risk were concentrated in the northern, central and southern parts, while regarding the low actual risk, they were concentrated in the western parts and in random areas in the center and east of the study area.The results also showed that the Corine model for soil water erosion risk mapping is a highly effective and cost-effective approach.

Assessment of wastewater impact on a natural reservoir in Kyrgyzstan

Introduction: Anthropogenic activities artificially increase the concentration of toxic substances in surface reservoirs by discharging polluted water back into the natural environment. Maximum risks for aquatic ecosystems are observed in regions with limited wastewater treatment, which includes Kyrgyzstan. The purpose of the work – research and analysis of factors of pollution of natural reservoirs of Kyrgyzstan by wastewater, consequences for regional aquatic ecosystems and public health, and search for optimal solutions to minimise destructive pollution. Material and Methods: The research was conducted using general scientific methods of cognition, in particular, system analysis, synthesis, generalisation, and concretisation. Results and Discussion: In the course of the research the ecological state of natural water resources of Kyrgyzstan, into which wastewater is discharged, the dynamics of pollution of the aquatic environment depending on various factors of influence is analysed, optimal and feasible to implement measures to reduce the adverse effects of wastewater on the state of natural reservoirs and public health, and improve the overall environmental situation in the region are developed. In addition, the possibilities of applying modern management and technological measures to minimise the content of pollutants in wastewater, based on the synergy of environmental safety and economic efficiency, with the introduction of modern innovative systems of control and monitoring of environmental pollution have been explored. Conclusion: It is established that there is no safe wastewater, therefore, optimisation of the water use and water treatment system in Kyrgyzstan involves the application of an ecosystem approach and the introduction of integrated water resources management.

A Simple Approach for Regenerating Electrolyzed Hydrogen Production Using Non-De-Ionized Water Sources

This research focuses on using natural renewable water resources, filters, and performance recovery systems to reduce the cost of generating pure hydrogen for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs). This study uses de-ionized (DI) water, tap water, and river water from upstream as the water source. Water from these sources passes through 1 μm PP filters, activated carbon, and reverse osmosis for filtering. The filtered water then undergoes hydrogen production experiments for a duration of 6000 min. Performance recovery experiments follow directly after hydrogen production experiments. The hydrogen production experiments show the following: DI water yielded a hydrogen production rate of 27.13 mL/min; unfiltered tap water produced 15.41 mL/min; unfiltered upstream river water resulted in 10.03 mL/min; filtered tap water yielded 19.24 mL/min; and filtered upstream river water generated 18.54 mL/min. Performance recovery experiments conducted by passing DI water into PEMFCs for 15 min show that the hydrogen generation rate of tap water increased to 25.73 mL/min, and the rate of hydrogen generation of upstream river water increased to 22.58 mL/min. In terms of cost-effectiveness, under the same volume of hydrogen production (approximately 600 kg/year), using only DI water costs 1.8-times more than the cost of using filtered tap water in experiments.

Pouring Tea For Therapy To Improve Physical Mobility In Lumbal Back Pain Patients

Old resources are a gift from God Almighty so that they can be used as well as possible for the benefit of many people. It is hoped that natural resources can be used for all levels of society, both those who are healthy and those experiencing health problems/deterioration. Likewise, using raw data sources can increase people's income so the economy rises. It is essential to utilize natural resources with various innovations that are needed for the benefit of the surrounding community, ranging from health, recreation, or culinary. Kebakan Hamlet, Metuk Village, has abundant natural water resources that have yet to be used optimally to improve the residents' economy and health. Residents only use natural resources for bathing, washing, and irrigation. The existing natural resources have made swimming pools for therapy for low back pain sufferers so that visitors who come for treatment can have a more positive impact on the surrounding community by opening food stalls, renting out floats or parking so that the existence of the pool can be beneficial from a health perspective. And economic value for local residents

Availability and access to Livelihood capital assets for development of sustainable Livelihood strategies of fishermen: A case study of Manchar Lake Pakistan

In developing nations with an abundance of natural water resources, fishing is a major source of income. When distributing resources between fisheries and other sectors, and preserving competitiveness in the fisheries industry, access to livelihood assets continues to be a key factor. However, vulnerability of livelihood assets and other economic and social variables have been severely affecting fishermen's livelihood. This article examines livelihood income vulnerability in the context of capital assets and the effects on local fishermen's livelihood and well-being. A survey sample size of 532 rural households based on a descriptive research design was used. Financial capital, human capital, social capital, and natural capital all made an enormous contribution to the earnings of fishermen and household heads in the Manchar Lake basin. The use of multiple regression analysis enabled new insights into how the livelihood assets characteristics affected their household income choices. The main objective of this investigation is to see whether access of livelihood capital assets affect local fishermen's livelihood income in the Manchar Lake basin. In the coastal belt of the Manchar Lake basin, resource acquisition plays a critical role in eradicating poverty. For the fishermen in the Manchar Lake basin, the current regime could further prioritize investing in fish trading infrastructure and improving essential facilities like social networks, education, skillsets, improved technology, and credit facilities in order to raise the livelihood income of fishermen and either reduce or alleviate poverty. These findings provide insight into fishermen's entry and exit for those who are planning livelihood shifts, and offer recommendations on how to overcome the constraints faced by the fisheries industry. Furthermore, insight into livelihood sustainability in order to improve the quality of life and income of fishermen domestically and nationally is also suggested.

LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR AQUACULTURE IN BRAZIL

The current aquaculture model is given by assigning the use of waterbodies by public administration to the the private sector so that it exploits natural existing resources. It occurs that this economic exploitation generates consequences for the environment. Thus, the present work questions the legal analysis of the attribution of the ownership of use and the regulation necessary to hinder the extrapolation of limits, which may lead to negative ecological impacts, disrupting the natural life in the water course and causing damage to diffuse rights. For this, the dialectical method was used through the observance of Brazilian legal bases that deal with the theme. The methodology used is critical and dialectic. Thus, critical and documental analysis is used to evaluate data and normative criteria related to the practice of aquaculture, according to Brazilian and international data. It was concluded that the assignment of waterbodies should not be understood as a mere territorial assignment, and therefore a regulatory framework for public goods, addressing regulation of impacts, multiple uses and grants based in the national environmental policy (Política Nacional do Meio Ambiente – PNMA) and National Water Resources Policy (Política Nacional de Recursos Hídricos – PNRH) is crucial.

How do environmental flows impact on water availability under climate change scenarios in European basins?

Environmental flows (Qeco) facilitate a good ecological status of fluvial ecosystems, but they usually represent a constraint for water uses. Qeco flow regime should not only be based on the minimum flows, but it should also account their variability. It is expected that climate change impact on some hydrological systems diminishing the natural water resources and stressing the river ecosystems. In this context, the balance between ecosystems conservation and human water needs becomes even more difficult to manage. We performed a comprehensive analysis over European territory to assess the behaviour of basins regarding different criteria for environmental flow determination under climate change scenarios. We used a water allocation model, WAAPA, to estimate the water availability (WA). In this study, WA represents the maximum demand that can be supplied at a certain point of the river network with a given reliability criteria, considering drinking and irrigation water supply. We considered two methods for calculating Qeco, Qeco1 based on mean monthly flow (MMF) and Qeco2 based on mean annual runoff (MAF). We analyzed the current scenario (historical from 1960 to 2000) and 40 future projections, which combine short and long term (from 2020 to 2059, and from 2060 to 2099, respectively), four emission scenarios (RCP2.6 to RCP8.5) and five climate models. Expected changes on MAF due to climate change are not uniform through Europe and also vary regarding the specific climate scenario. >70 % of basins show a trend to reduce their MAF under severe emission scenarios. Conservative values of Qeco represent a heavy constraint for WA and stress the water systems similarly than climate change impacts. The study also highlights that regulation capacity helps on buffering the effects of both climate change and environmental requirements. This study provides a good insight for understanding basin response in terms of WA, regarding environmental criteria and climate change effects.

СТИМУЛИРОВАНИЕ УСТОЙЧИВОГО РАЗВИТИЯ ЛЕСНОЙ ЭКОСИСТЕМЫ В УСЛОВИЯХ БОРЬБЫ С КЛИМАТИЧЕСКИМИ ИЗМЕНЕНИЯМИ

This article reveals the problems and ways to solve them related to the sustainable development of forestry in the face of climate change. Vector global trends, such as global climate change and the growth of anthropogenic pressure, entail a huge negative impact on the environment, in the form of degradation of natural ecosystems and a reduction in their biological diversity. The processes of depletion of natural mineral resources, water, land, and forest resources increase the likelihood of environmental disasters, as well as lead to hazardous natural phenomena with a subsequent negative effect on the economic and social components of the life of the population in a country or region. The forest ecosystem, as a global natural phenomenon and part of the economy of nature management, not only satisfies the resource needs of mankind, but is also of great importance for maintaining the integrity and maintaining the sustainability of the existence of the biosphere in the processes of sequestration and storage of carbon and, consequently, in reducing the greenhouse effect and mitigating the effects of climate change. Our analysis of the forest ecosystem is based on an indicative in the form of nature-adapted solutions in the field of sustainable development. As part of the study, based on the analysis of literary sources, the main reasons hindering the sustainable development of forestry were identified. The need to create conditions in the form of conceptual foundations for the sustainable development of "nature-like" forestry, such as: sustainable economic development, sustainable development of the environment and culture, is noted.

More river pollution from untreated urban waste due to the Russian-Ukrainian war: a perspective view

ABSTRACT Since 24 February 2022, the Russian-Ukrainian war has impacted Ukrainian water resources including river pollution. In this perspective paper, our proposition is that the Russian-Ukrainian war causes likely more river pollution with untreated urban waste compared to the pre-war period. In order to check this assumption, we synthesize the current knowledge with a focus on the Dnipro Basin, containing 80% of the national water resources. Our synthesis reveals three main arguments. First, water-related infrastructures that were damaged as a result of the Russian-Ukrainian war are the important causes of pollutant release to water systems. These infrastructure damages are estimated, on average, for rural (30% of irrigation systems) and urban (35–40% of treatment plants and sewage connections) areas or both (40–90% of bridges and dams). Second, water pollution sources tend to change towards direct inputs of untreated urban waste with multiple pollutants compared to the pre-war period. Third, our illustrative example for nutrients, a painkiller, an antibacterial agent, and microplastics from urban waste showed an increase of 2–34% in their loadings into the Dnipro River due to damaged sewage pipes and wastewater treatment plants in 2022. In addition, 20–62% of those pollutants are from untreated urban waste (point sources). We propose a framework for future steps including visualizing (V) and integrating (I) the impacts into tools for quantification as well as translating (T) those quantified insights into actionable strategies and assessing (A) their feasibilities for pollution reduction.

Kinetic and equilibrium study of graphene and copper oxides modified nanocomposites for metal ions adsorption from binary metal aqueous solution.

Presently, the main cause of pollution of natural water resources is heavy metal ions. The removal of metal ions such as nickel (Ni2+) and cadmium (Cd2+) has been given considerable attention due to their health and environmental risks. In this regard, for wastewater treatment containing heavy metal ions, graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposites with metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) attained significant importance. In this study, graphene oxide stacked with copper oxide nanocomposites (GO/CuO-NCs) were synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analytical procedures. The prepared GO/CuO-NCs were applied for the removal of Ni2+ and Cd2+ ions from a binary metal ion system in batch and continuous experiments. The obtained results revealed that GO/CuO-NCs exhibited the highest removal efficiencies of Ni2+ (89.60% ± 2.12%) and Cd2+ (97.10% ± 1.91%) at the optimum values of pH: 8, dose: 0.25g, contact time: 60min, and at 50ppm initial metal ion concentration in a batch study. However, 4mL/min flow rate, 50ppm initial concentration, and 2cm bed height were proved to be the suitable conditions for metal ion adsorption in the column study. The kinetic adsorption data exhibited the best fitting with the pseudo-second-order model. The adsorption isotherm provided the best-fitting data in the Langmuir isotherm model. This study suggested that the GO/CuO nanocomposites have proved to be efficient adsorbents for Ni2+ and Cd2+ ions from a binary metal system.