Natural Interpretation Research Articles

A Teleological Interpretation of the Definition of DeepFakes in the EU Artificial Intelligence Act—A Purpose‐Based Approach to Potential Problems With the Word “Existing”

ABSTRACTThe EU Artificial Intelligence Act is the world's first attempt to holistically regulate artificial intelligence. It presents an extensive, multi‐faceted definition of deepfakes, and introduces specific safeguards against their misuses. These guardrails have the potential to become a global role model. The AI Act uses concepts that leave room for interpretation, which is important given the constant development of technology and the need for adjustments. However, some solutions raise the problem of vagueness, which in turn may result in a narrower interpretation of a linguistic nature, and reduce the scope of legally permissible countermeasures. The aim of this study is to critically evaluate the definition of deepfakes contained in the AI Act in relation to the word “existing” used. A narrow interpretation could potentially exclude some synthetic media from the scope of transparency obligations due to the non‐classification of these media as deepfakes. Therefore, a teleological interpretation of the provisions is proposed, reinforced with elements of systemicity, so that the safeguards built by the AI Act also include deepfakes that do not depict any identifiable pre‐existing persons, objects, places, entities or events to better reflect goals of the regulation, and complement the value‐based system of the AI Act.

Design and Archaeology for the Communication of Tangible and Intangible Content Between Real and Digital

In the digital transition scenario, a new culture emerges in which the humanities and scientific disciplines merge and are sometimes contiguous and overlap in terms of expertise, thus opening new lines of research that are strongly interdisciplinary. In the complex process of archaeological research, innovative digital tools define new ways of communicating archaeological contexts through the synergy of technologies, languages and creativity. The paper highlights the dialogue between design and archaeology with reference to the relationship between past and present in the physical-digital space of fruition. In this regard, a reflection on the representation and interpretation of the fragmented nature of archaeological knowledge and the restitution of invisible contexts, artifacts and processes is proposed. This is to foster new configurations by linking physically inaccessible real spaces to usable virtual environments that are enduring over time.

Fulminate: Testing CN Separation-Logic Specifications in C

Separation logic has become an important tool for formally capturing and reasoning about the ownership patterns of imperative programs, originally for paper proof, and now the foundation for industrial static analyses and multiple proof tools. However, there has been very little work on program testing of separation-logic specifications in concrete execution. At first sight, separation-logic formulas are hard to evaluate in reasonable time, with their implicit quantification over heap splittings, and other explicit existentials. In this paper we observe that a restricted fragment of separation logic, adopted in the CN proof tool to enable predictable proof automation, also has a natural and readable computational interpretation, that makes it practically usable in runtime testing. We discuss various design issues and develop this as a C+CN source to C source translation, Fulminate. This adds checks – including ownership checks and ownership transfer – for C code annotated with CN pre- and post-conditions; we demonstrate this on nontrivial examples, including the allocator from a production hypervisor. We formalise our runtime ownership testing scheme, showing (and proving) how its reified ghost state correctly captures ownership passing, in a semantics for a small C-like language.

Quality of life in patients with chronic renal failure in several cities of Ecuador

Introduction: Chronic renal failure (CRF) is a pathology in which the loss of normal functioning of the kidneys is evident, once it reaches the advanced stage it causes the accumulation of fluids, electrolytes and waste throughout the body. Objective: To determine the quality of life of patients with chronic renal failure from various health institutions in Ecuador. Methodology: This investigation was carried out under the quantitative approach since it was desired to know the level of quality of life of patients from several cities in Ecuador, in this investigation the descriptive level was used, which includes the registration, analysis and interpretation of the current nature and the composition or processes of the phenomena. It focused on prevailing conclusions and how people, groups, or things might function in the present. The descriptive research focused on concrete realities and was fundamentally characterized by providing a correct interpretation. The population consisted of 18 patients with chronic renal failure from various health institutions in Ecuador. Results: Thanks to the information collected, it was possible to reveal that the majority of the surveyed population has a good level of quality of life, while the rest of it remains between good and not so good. Conclusion: Thanks to this investigation, it was possible to determine that there are still problems with this pathology, and follow-up on these patients should continue

ETiSeg-Net: edge-aware self attention to enhance tissue segmentation in histopathological images

AbstractDigital pathology employing Whole Slide Images (WSIs) plays a pivotal role in cancer detection. Nevertheless, the manual examination of WSIs for the identification of various tissue regions presents formidable challenges due to its labor-intensive nature and subjective interpretation. Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) based semantic segmentation algorithms have emerged as valuable tools for assisting in this task by automating ROI delineation. The incorporation of attention modules and carefully designed loss functions has shown promise in further augmenting the performance of these algorithms. However, there exists a notable gap in research regarding the utilization of attention modules specifically for tissue segmentation, thereby constraining our comprehension and application of these modules in this context. This study introduces ETiSeg-Net (Edge-aware self attention to enhance Tissue Segmentation), a CNN-based semantic segmentation model that uses a novel edge-based attention module to achieve effective delineation of class boundaries. In addition, an innovative iterative training strategy is devised to efficiently optimize the model parameters. The study also conducts a comprehensive investigation into the impact of attention modules and loss functions on the efficacy of semantic segmentation models. Qualitative and quantitative evaluations of these semantic segmentation models are conducted using publicly available datasets. The findings underscore the potential of attention modules in enhancing the accuracy and effectiveness of tissue semantic segmentation.

And the wolf said: "How a tasty pig!":

The study investigates the linguistic and natural interpreting competence of two balanced Slovak-English bilingual children (siblings) while comparing the lexical and morphosyntactic production of The Three Little Pigs story through an interpreting activity in both language directions. Our research lies on the assumption that bilingual children are also natural interpreters who possess a bi-directional third competence (Harris 1976). The main objectives are to examine how children perform interpreting tasks, what types of errors they commit and what instances of cross-linguistic influence occur during these activities. From a broader perspective, the results of our research confirm that bilingual children can faithfully interpret the story in both language directions from Slovak to English and from English to Slovak. Both respondents demonstrated a high level of linguistic (lexical and morphosyntactic) and pragmatic competence in interpreting, which was done without any additions or omissions that would alter the meaning of the source message in the target language. Errors occurred mainly on the structural level, most of them were developmental errors and errors resulting from cross-linguistic influence. The presented data shed more light on the nature of bilingual language acquisition in children and their interpreting skills which constitute a natural part of this process. The findingsmove the field forward through building a better understanding of the capabilities of simultaneous bilinguals, to support the hypothesis that in an encouraging environment they can become proficient communicators and successful interpreters.

A New Lexicon for the Anthropocene: The Words of the Pandemic

The term “Anthropocene”, introduced by Crutzen and Stoermer in 2000, describes the massive impact of human activities able to influence geological processes: humans are a force of nature in a geological sense. The recognition of a close interdependence between man and nature has been consciously elaborated only since the late 1960s and early 1970s, thanks to publications in scientific environmentalism. It is indeed valuable to note that literary texts discuss these issues much earlier. Henry David Thoreau (1817–1862), in his essay Walking back in 1861 introduces the idea of preserving nature when it was unknown and unpredictable. A few years later, another author, John Muir (1838–1914), supports the interpretation of nature as worthy of intrinsic value and contributes to the creation of the Yosemite Park in California. What these texts have in common is that they belong to the genre “nature writing”, which is capable of putting itself at the service of the natural environment and to which Spillover: Animal Infections and the Next Human Pandemic (2012) by American nature writer, David Quammen, also belongs. Spillover fits perfectly into this literary tradition, embodying the main characteristics of the genre. Moreover, it shows some optimism towards the future, offering the possibility of redemption to our species. The redemption of literature in the context of environmental narration is solidified not only through nature writing. Spillover proves to be prophetic like its classical ancestors, also through the introduction of a new terminology that contributes to developing a new lexicon, that of the Anthropocene.

Complex symplectic contractions and 3d mirrors

We propose magnetic quivers for the complex-symplectic contraction spaces, which are related to implosions and have a natural interpretation in terms of the Moore-Tachikawa category. We use 3-d mirrors to provide computational checks.

A style guide for the structuralist

AbstractOntic structuralists claim that there are no individual objects, and that reality should instead be thought of as a “web of relations”. It is difficult to make this metaphysical picture precise, however, since languages usually characterize the world by describing the objects that exist in it. This paper proposes a solution to the problem; I argue that when discourse is reformulated in the language of the calculus of relations ‐ an algebraic logic developed by Alfred Tarski ‐ it can be interpreted without presupposing the existence of objects. What is distinctive about the language of the calculus is that it contains no operator that resembles a quantifier, and yet it can be used to paraphrase any sentence expressible in first‐order logic. Since the use of a first‐order quantifier (or some similar operator) is usually what establishes commitment to an ontology of objects, and since the calculus of relations eschews the quantifier in favor of a composition operator that can be given a natural interpretation consistent with structuralist metaphysics, the calculus is an ideal language for the structuralist to use to describe the world.

Medina to House of Wisdom: Islam and Muslim Contribution to Science of History

This paper explores the pivotal role of Islam and Muslim scholars in advancing the science of history from the early days of Medina to the flourishing intellectual center of The House of Wisdom. This study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the evolution of historical methodologies, preservation of historical knowledge, and cultural essence in both pre-Islamic and Islamic realms. Employing a qualitative research approach, the paper analyzes various genres of Islamic historical writing, including Tabaqat, Tarajim, geographical history, and universal history, as well as the methodologies used in documenting and analyzing historical events, such as logical interpretation, natural law interpretation, and speculative interpretation. Through an examination of libraries, scholars, and the transmission of historical knowledge, the paper highlights the enduring legacy of Islamic historiography and its impact on subsequent historiographical traditions. The research findings underscore the significance of Islamic historiography in shaping our understanding of the past and its ongoing relevance in modern academic research, while also suggesting avenues for future research to further explore the rich heritage of Islamic historical scholarship.

Qualitative analysis of fourth-order hyperbolic equations

We investigate the qualitative properties of weak solutions to the boundary value problems for fourth-order linear hyperbolic equations with constant coefficients in a plane bounded domain convex with respect to characteristics. Our main scope is to prove some analog of the maximum principle, solvability, uniqueness and regularity results for weak solutions of initial and boundary value problems in the space L2. The main novelty of this paper is to establish some analog of the maximum principle for fourth-order hyperbolic equations. This question is very important due to natural physical interpretation and helps to establish the qualitative properties for solutions (uniqueness and existence results for weak solutions). The challenge to prove the maximum principle for weak solutions remains more complicated and at that time becomes more interesting in the case of fourth-order hyperbolic equations, especially, in the case of non-classical boundary value problems with data of weak regularity. Unlike second-order equations, qualitative analysis of solutions to fourth-order equations is not a trivial problem, since not only a solution is involved in boundary or initial conditions, but also its high- order derivatives. Other difficulty concerns the concept of weak solution of the boundary value problems with L2 – data. Such solutions do not have usual traces, thus, we have to use a special notion for traces to poss correctly the boundary value problems. This notion is traces associated with operator L or L-traces. We also derive an interesting interpretation (as periodicity of characteristic billiard or the John's mapping) of the Fredholm's property violation. Finally, we discuss some potential challenges in applying the results and proposed methods.

Combined Natural Language Processing and Gpt-4 Pathology Report Interpretation Efficiently Identify a Myelodysplastic Syndrome Cohort for Large Scale Clinical Research Applications

Combined Natural Language Processing and Gpt-4 Pathology Report Interpretation Efficiently Identify a Myelodysplastic Syndrome Cohort for Large Scale Clinical Research Applications

Celestial Lw1+∞ charges from a twistor action

The celestial Lw1+∞ symmetries in asymptotically flat spacetimes have a natural geometric interpretation on twistor space in terms of Poisson diffeomorphisms. Using this framework, we provide a first-principle derivation of the canonical generators associated with these symmetries starting from the Poisson BF twistor action for self-dual gravity. We express these charges as surface integrals over the celestial sphere in terms of spacetime data at null infinity. The connection between twistor space and spacetime expressions at I is achieved via an integral formula for the asymptotic Bianchi identities due to Bramson and Tod. Finally, we clarify how Lw1+∞ transformations are symmetries of gravity from a phase space perspective by showing the invariance of the asymptotic Bianchi identities.

Two Interpretations of Nietzschean Concept of Nature: C. Alamariu and V. Lemm

Nietzsche criticises religious interpretations of nature (Natur) and advocates the ‘naturalisation of humanity’. The various usages of the term ‘nature’ (Natur) have no clear, systematic definition in Nietzsche’s works, which is why the interpretations of this concept in Nietzsche’s studies are controversial. Two opposing perspectives emerge: Vanessa Lemm interprets nature as a Dionysian chaos which promotes an emancipatory rejection of the prevailing ideas, while Costin Alamariu sees it as an aristocratic phusis that fosters higher human types. This article argues that these seemingly contradictory views are compatible. Nietzsche uses the concept of nature as chaos to criticize anthropocentric views, while presenting the possibility of an understanding of nature detached from the human perspective. This paper analyses and criticizes Lemm’s illustration of this concept through sex differences. Finally, it is argued that Alamariu’s interpretation is in line with Nietzsche’s later positive ethico-political aspirations, often ignored in Nietzschean scholarship, concerning the development of higher human types.

Interpretation of Buddhist Scriptures from the Perspective of Sinicization of Buddhism

The interpretation of Buddhist scriptures from the perspective of Sinicization of Buddhism has undergone a long and fruitful development process. From the initial period of Buddhist transmission with grid-meaning translation, to the elaboration of Buddhist doctrines during the Wei, Jin, Northern, and Southern Dynasties, to the doctrinal taxonomy in the Sui and Tang dynasties, and then to the interpretation of mind and nature during the Song and Ming dynasties, up to the modern trend of humanistic Buddhism, the interpretation of Buddhist scriptures has always interacted with the spirit of Chinese native culture, presenting a unique landscape of integration and innovation. The Sinicized interpretation of Buddhist scriptures not only demonstrates cultural confidence but also provides wisdom and inspiration for modern society. In the future, cross-cultural dialogue with the world, interdisciplinary integration and development, digital humanities research, and innovative communication methods will become new directions and challenges for the Sinicized interpretation of Buddhist scriptures.

Levin-Wen is a Gauge Theory: Entanglement from Topology

We show that the Levin-Wen model of a unitary fusion category C\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${\\mathcal {C}}$$\\end{document} is a gauge theory with gauge symmetry given by the tube algebra Tube(C)\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${\ ext {Tube}}({\\mathcal {C}})$$\\end{document}. In particular, we define a model corresponding to a Tube(C)\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${\ ext {Tube}}({\\mathcal {C}})$$\\end{document} symmetry protected topological phase, and we provide a gauging procedure which results in the corresponding Levin-Wen model. In the case C=Hilb(G,ω)\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${\\mathcal {C}}=\ extsf{Hilb}(G,\\omega )$$\\end{document}, we show how our procedure reduces to the twisted gauging of a trival G-SPT to produce the Twisted Quantum Double. We further provide an example which is outside the bounds of the current literature, the trivial Fibbonacci SPT, whose gauge theory results in the doubled Fibonacci string-net. Our formalism has a natural topological interpretation with string diagrams living on a punctured sphere. We provide diagrams to supplement our mathematical proofs and to give the reader an intuitive understanding of the subject matter.

The Great Loop: From Conformal Cyclic Cosmology to Aeon Monism

AbstractPenrose’s conformal cyclic cosmology describes the cosmos as a collection of successive universes, the so-called aeons. The beginning and ending of our universe are directly connected to two other, anterior and posterior, universes. Penrose considers but rules out a different interpretation of conformal cyclic cosmology: that the beginning of our universe is connected to its own end in a cosmic loop. The paper argues that the view, aeon monism, should be regarded as a natural interpretation of conformal cyclic cosmology and discusses its implications for the concept of eternal return in light of the most popular metaphysics of time.

Bosnia and Herzegovina – From Peace Implementation to Crisis Creation, Legal and Political Problems, Processes and Perspectives

In this paper, the author deals not only and primarily with legal issues, but also with political problems, processes, and perspectives that characterise Bosnia and Herzegovina. One can notice a number of conflicting opinions regarding the understanding and interpretation of the legal nature, international law status, division of jurisdiction, state organisation, and the position of the federal units (hereinafter: Entities) in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Additionally, there are also opposing concepts regarding the methods of institutional responsibilities (jurisdictions), the scope of reforms, and the future of Bosnia and Herzegovina in general. It must not be forgotten that the creation of this internationally-recognised state took place in turbulent social, political, and legal circumstances with the conclusion of the Dayton Peace Agreement. This analysis primarily includes the framework established by this agreement, with special emphasis on its Annex 4 (the Constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina). In this sense, the author examines how the process of peace implementation later turned into a crisis generator that is extant. Also, this issue is analysed with certain indications from the author that could be useful to overcome these impediments, but also to create a positive joint perspective.

Revisiting the time-ordering issue of TMD soft factors: causality, coordinate space analyticity and new equalities

We show that as a result of causality-constrained coordinate space analyticity, the Drell-Yan-shape transverse-momentum dependent soft factor in the exponential regulator allows Euclidean-type parametric representations without cuts, to all orders in perturbation theory. Moreover, it is identical to another soft factor defined with a single time-ordering that has a natural interpretation as a space-like form factor. Furthermore, this relation continues to hold for a larger class of TMD soft factors that interpolate between three different rapidity regulators: the off-light-cone regulator, the finite light-front length regulator, and the exponential regulator.

Constructive holography

We consider the collective field theory description of the singlet sector of a free and massless matrix field in d dimensions. The k-local collective fields are functions of (d − 1)k + 1 coordinates. We provide a map between the collective fields and fields in the dual gravitational theory defined on AdSd+1 spacetime. The coordinates of the collective field have a natural interpretation: the k-local collective field is a field defined on an AdSd+1×Sk−1×S(d−2)(k−2)×Sd−3 spacetime. The modes of a harmonic expansion on the Sk−1×S(d−2)(k−2)×Sd−3 portion of the spacetime leads to the spinning bulk fields of the dual gravity theory.