Natural Inclination Research Articles

Variation and convergence in the morpho-functional properties of the mammalian neocortex.

Man's natural inclination to classify and hierarchize the living world has prompted neurophysiologists to explore possible differences in brain organisation between mammals, with the aim of understanding the diversity of their behavioural repertoires. But what really distinguishes the human brain from that of a platypus, an opossum or a rodent? In this review, we compare the structural and electrical properties of neocortical neurons in the main mammalian radiations and examine their impact on the functioning of the networks they form. We discuss variations in overall brain size, number of neurons, length of their dendritic trees and density of spines, acknowledging their increase in humans as in most large-brained species. Our comparative analysis also highlights a remarkable consistency, particularly pronounced in marsupial and placental mammals, in the cell typology, intrinsic and synaptic electrical properties of pyramidal neuron subtypes, and in their organisation into functional circuits. These shared cellular and network characteristics contribute to the emergence of strikingly similar large-scale physiological and pathological brain dynamics across a wide range of species. These findings support the existence of a core set of neural principles and processes conserved throughout mammalian evolution, from which a number of species-specific adaptations appear, likely allowing distinct functional needs to be met in a variety of environmental contexts.

Unlocking the Universe’s Secrets: Preschool Teachers' Awareness of Astronomy and Its Influence on Early Childhood Education

This study investigates preschool teachers' awareness and comprehension of adding astronomy into their curriculum. Astronomy, with its captivating cosmic wonders, is an excellent medium for sparking curiosity and cultivating a fascination with the mysteries of the cosmos. The study takes a multifaceted approach, starting with an examination of the cognitive and emotional benefits of early exposure to astronomical concepts. Astronomy, with its captivating cosmic wonders, is an excellent medium for sparking curiosity and cultivating a fascination with the mysteries of the cosmos. The study takes a multifaceted approach, starting with an examination of the cognitive and emotional benefits of early exposure to astronomical concepts. Throughout these early years, young learners exhibit a natural inclination for inquisitiveness, making astronomy an enticing medium for sparking the fires of inquiry. The study stresses the significance of preschool teachers, depicting them not only as educators but also as architects of wonder and exploration. Teachers' knowledge and understanding of science concepts, particularly astronomy, emerge as crucial in providing high-quality early science education. However, the study reveals awareness gaps among preschool teachers, which, if not addressed, may result in missed opportunities for children to connect with cosmic wonders. As a result, the study delves into strategies for enhancing teachers' knowledge and confidence in astronomy training, such as professional development programs, workshops, and the availability of high-quality educational materials. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the necessity of age-appropriate teaching methods, such as encouraging hands-on activities, appealing graphics, and interactive games as effective tools for imparting astronomical concepts to young children. Finally, this research paper underlines the importance of introducing astronomy into preschool education, as well as the critical role of preschool teachers in this endeavour. By increasing preschool teachers' awareness of astronomy education, the article hopes to arouse interest, foster a love of learning, and build the framework for a lifelong journey of discovery and scientific inquiry among the young learners who hold the keys to our future understanding of the cosmos.

عصرحاضرکےجدت پسند سکالرجاویداحمدغامدی کےفقہی اُصول اوربعض آراءکاجائزہ

God has endowed Sharia with the adaptability required for deduction of solutions for the evolving issues according to the changing circumstances. The Basic sources, unanimously acknowledged by the major Sunni schools of thought, include the Qurān, Ḥadīth (Prophet's sayings), consensus of the Muslim community (Ijmā), and analogical reasoning (Qiyās), serving as the basis for deriving legal rulings in Sharia. Nevertheless, in contemporary times, some scholars have engaged in discussions on jurisprudential matters based on self-invented principles that deviate from the established consensus of the Muslim community. Javed Aḥmad Ghāmidī is among the scholars who have introduced four principles: Fitrah (natural disposition), the Sunnah of Prophet Ibraḥīm (Abraham), pre-Islamic scriptures and the Qurān as the final source. This article endeavors to explore these four principles, elucidating their concepts and details in a descriptive manner. The significance of this exploration is underscored by the influence Ghamidī holds, particularly among the majority of young Muslims who articulate his arguments. Consequently, it is deemed imperative to undertake this in-depth Study.

PARTICIPANTS’ PERSPECTIVES ON RECEIVING RESULTS USING FOUND POETRY: A MIXED-METHODS STUDY

Abstract Few researchers share study results with participants, often citing a lack of knowledge regarding how to do so. This study explored the dissemination preferences of study participants receiving results in the form of found poetry, developed from dyadic interviews with sexual and gender minority (SGM) and non-SGM couples’ regarding their experiences with cancer. Participants (N=24) completed demographic and health questionnaires, a pre-posttraumatic growth-inventory-expanded (PTGI-X), and were randomized to receive the found poem as text, text and audio, audio, or video formats. Participants completed a post-PTGI-X, reported dissemination preferences, and emotions experienced. Open-ended responses demonstrated that using found poetry to disseminate results communicated that participant experiences were understood, fostered introspection, and renewed appreciation for their partner. Only SGM participants (n=3) reported preferring a format other than the one to which they were randomized. The text-only and combined text and audio formats evoked the greatest number of emotions (n=13 each) followed by video (n=4), and audio-only (n=3). Across randomization groups, interest (n=11) was most frequently reported, followed by sadness (n=8), and joy (n=6). Quantitatively, there were no significant changes in participants’ PTG—a small sample size may have reduced statistical power—which might be seen as a failure. However, the open-ended responses indicate that innovative approaches to dissemination are acceptable and multiple options may increase accessibility. Only SGM participants preferred an alternate format, potentially reflecting a natural inclination to question the status quo. Including minority perspectives (positive/negative) illuminates the need to offer study participants choices in how and when they receive findings.

EMBRACING THE QUEER ART OF FAILURE IN GERONTOLOGICAL RESEARCH AND EDUCATION

Abstract Halberstam describes the queer art of failure as a performance of dissidence in which lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer plus (LGBTQ+) people willing reject traditional conceptualizations of success. Yet, dominant theoretical frameworks in gerontology are predicated upon notions of success and productivity which may be problematic for understanding the life trajectories of LGBTQ+ people. The use of such heteronormative frameworks has implications for gerontological research in two important ways: 1) Research methods and researchers themselves may be constrained by the normative expectations placed on LGBTQ+ people and 2) Heteronormative frameworks obscure the nuance of LGBTQ+ older adults’ lived experiences and may limit important contributions to gerontological knowledge. This symposium applies the queer art of failure to examine LGBTQ+ aging scholarship that deviates from traditional research and education. Speaker one shares experiences from LGBTQ+ individuals facing dementia, using concepts that counter framing dementia as pathology and decline. Speaker two discusses how participants’ preferences for receiving research results via found poetry may reflect LGBTQ+ participants’ natural inclination to question hegemonic norms. Speaker three describes collaborating with a coalition of LGBTQ+ older adults of color on a participatory action research study, detailing how epistemic tensions shaped the research in unexpected ways. Speaker four discusses how institutional failure led to enthusiasm for LGBTQ+ curriculum development, student mentoring, and knowledge production. These presentations suggest that the inclusion of diverse conceptualizations of success and productivity should inform future aging scholarship, as they may center the experiences of historically marginalized populations such as LGBTQ+ older adults.

Языковая репрезентация черт национального менталитета в сопоставительном аспекте (русско-немецкие параллели)

The aim of the research is to investigate whether the lexicon of the Russian language reflects a national trait, as perceived by Europeans, of a natural inclination of Russians towards subordination. The paper conducts a comparative lexico-semantic analysis of the main expressions denoting the situation of subordination in Russian and German. The analysis aims to identify similarities and differences in semantic features, as well as the denotative potential of the selected lexemes. The results show that the idea of subordination is more deeply ingrained in the semantics of German lexemes than in that of Russian lexemes. The interpretation of the comparative results draws on the principles of linguoculturology, imagology and the contemporary theory of archetypes. Taking these principles into account leads to the preliminary conclusion that the common European opinion about the natural inclination of Russians towards subordination is a false stereotype. The research is novel in that it is the first to examine from a comparative perspective the linguistic representation of a national stereotype that reflects the perception of a nation from an external perspective rather than self-perception. The work is the first to provide evidence that linguistic data does not correspond to the stereotype. Scientific novelty lies also in the fact that the proposed approach expands the scope of research in linguoculturology, which has traditionally focused on the linguistic representation of cultural concepts rather than national mentality.

Fenomena Eyelash extension: Tinjauan Hukum Kesehatan dan Islam

This article examines the eyelash extension phenomenon from Islamic's perspective and health perspective. Eyelash extension or installing false eyelashes has become a popular beauty trend among women. From a health perspective, eyelash extensions also cause various potential problems. Eyelash extension can damage natural eyelashes, causing eye irritation and infection if not managed properly. In the context of Islamic law, there are discussions regarding the legality of this practice, with some scholars viewing it as a haram act because it involves changing one's natural disposition. However, another view holds that eyelash extensions are acceptable if they do not violate Islamic principles. This article will discuss the health risks associated with eyelash extension. By combining Islamic law and health perspectives, this article aims to provide a better understanding of the eyelash extension phenomenon. Thus, readers can make decisions based on knowledge and careful consideration before deciding whether to do it or leave it.

The Mimamoru Approach: Supporting Young Children’s Problem-Solving Skills in Japan

Minimal adult intervention in preschool encourages children’s autonomy, problem-solving skills, and self-regulation, fostering independence and a natural inclination for exploration and learning.

The tendency of the schematic structure to maintain stability can be interpreted as mental inertia.

This paper incorporates schematic concepts related to mental inertia and provides an avenue for interpreting psychology using the principles of classical mechanics. Schemas find wide application in diverse fields, ranging from ergonomics to psychotherapy. Nonetheless, it is crucial to incorporate schemas themselves into a more unified and comprehensive theoretical framework. Drawing upon the free energy principle (FEP) and the second law of thermodynamics, it is evident that humans possess a natural inclination to construct and maintain consistent cognitive structures. This characteristic contributes to the stability of schemas within a defined range. The particular scope of the model is closely intertwined with its structure, leading to variations among individuals in diverse environments. The coherence of the schema within a defined range can be perceived as the magnitude of mental inertia. This psychological analogy emphasizes the importance of considering the influences exerted by the external environment and their effects on mental inertia when predicting the human mind and behavior.

THE IMPORTANCE OF ORGANIZED LEISURE FOR THE SOCIALIZATION OF CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES

The article reveals the peculiarities of social work with children with disabilities through leisure activities, focusing on the educational and recreational potential of leisure communication. The purpose of the article and the views of representatives of the scientific research school on the importance of the role of leisure in a child’s life, in adapting children to a new environment through inclusion in leisure activities and communication by interests are defined. The author of the article highlights and analyzes the problem of the importance of organized leisure, organized leisure activities in the development of social activity and creative potential of a child with a disability. The role of the leisure sphere in the socialization of children with disabilities is determined, which is based on the principles of taking into account and satisfying the interests of visitors to leisure facilities. The role of state support and the importance of assisting children with disabilities in entering the environment and society is determined.The factor of leisure as a component of free time, which captures the child with positive opportunities and inherent cognitive activity of various activities that contribute to the development of the child's personality and his or her free entry into society, is indicated. Leisure is revealed as a factor that can help restore the physical, mental and psychological strength of a child with health complications.The article reveals the leading role of the organizer of leisure activities with children with disabilities, which are focused on the disclosure of children’s natural inclinations, development and stimulation of creative initiative of children themselves. Attention is drawn to and the use of leisure activities that ensure child development and contribute to the emotional enrichment of the child is substantiated: game activities, staging of works of children's literature, various types of artistic and applied activities. It has been determined that leisure and leisure activities are one of the essential resources for optimizing the social activity of children with disabilities, have the ability to stimulate the process of their socialization, inculturation and self-realization; create conditions for the realization of the interests and needs of children, the development of their activity, creative initiative, promote the formation of a desire to find new value orientations through free choice of leisure activities.

Determinants of fake news diffusion on social media: a systematic literature review

Purpose This paper aims to explore the determinants causing fake information proliferation on social media platforms and the challenges to control the diffusion of fake news phenomena. Design/methodology/approach The authors applied the systematic review methodology to conduct a synthetic analysis of 37 articles published in peer-reviewed journals retrieved from 13 scholarly databases. Findings The findings of the study displayed that dissatisfaction, behavior modifications, trending practices to viral fake stories, natural inclination toward negativity and political purposes were the key determinants that led individuals to believe in fake news shared on digital media. The study also identified challenges being faced by people to control the spread of fake news on social networking websites. Key challenges included individual autonomy, the fast-paced social media ecosystem, fake accounts on social media, cutting-edge technologies, disparities and lack of media literacy. Originality/value The study has theoretical contributions through valuable addition to the body of existing literature and practical implications for policymakers to construct such policies that might prove successful antidote to stop the fake news cancer spreading everywhere via digital media. The study has also offered a framework to stop the diffusion of fake news.

Open up to Curiosity

Curiosity is a fundamental impulse which propels human beings to seek, and discover satisfying answers to life’s deep questions. Capturing small but memorable moments of personal discovery, I highlight an element of curiosity within everyone’s control: one’s choices to be open. I provide a series of personal anecdotes and analogies, to illustrate real examples of how choice, experience, and resultant curiosity are interrelated. Often, the most revealing discoveries are those which can be made during one’s routine, daily life. Here, I place emphasis on observations of the moon, previously demonstrated to help develop curiosity in students (Duckworth, 1986). With an understanding that personal experience impacts curiosity as much, if not more, than one’s natural inclinations, individuals can wield their curiosity to find interest in and appreciation for subjects that would otherwise miss their attention. Often, this perspective is best gained when shared by another curious person.

«Мировая революция» в русском анархизме

The purpose of this article is to identify the specifics of the theory of the "world revolution" in the ideological and political heritage of Russian anarchism. Historical, comparative, hermeneutic methods of scientific research were actively used to write the article. The ideologists of Russian anarchism in their interpretation of the "world revolution" competed with Marxist doctrine, with its popular dialectical theory of socio-economic formations and class struggle, where the final stage of historical progress was to be the achievement of global communism. Rejecting the Marxist concept of "dictatorship of the proletariat", the Russian anarchists proceeded from an alternative methodology that emphasizes the primacy of natural, biological factors of social processes. According to anarchists, the basic factor of progress is the natural inclination of people to solidarity and mutual assistance. Hence the Russian anarchists opposed the natural nature of the evolution of mankind to any "forced" forms of social organization. This applied, first of all, to the institution of the state, regardless of its external form – communist, liberal-democratic, despotic. The basic parameters of the social ideal in the theory of Russian anarchism were the principles of anarchy and freedom, the building of social existence on the basis of self-organization, self-government and a global decentralized confederation structured "from the bottom up". The former territorial and political borders were abolished, nations were abolished. The anarchists saw the achievement of this ideal as an exclusively revolutionary way, gradually embracing all new countries, regions, continents. The article emphasizes the constant appeal of Russian anarchists to the arguments of universal morality - "freedom", "justice", "brotherhood", "justice", "equality" in justifying the need for a world anarchist revolution, which in practice turned into political abstractions with destructive consequences for societies. At the same time, the "secondary" ideology of Russian anarchism as an intellectual product is noted in relation to Marxism and natural science theories of the XVIII-XIX centuries, as well as the tendency of anarchists to utopian thinking, to speculative building of their global social ideal.

How to Deduce Human Rights From Natural Law and Other Disciplines

This research aims to detect the methodologies scholars use to conclude what is a human right or a natural right. For most of them, the mere citation of an article of the constitution or law does not provide enough justification for rights, and they usually resort to other supra-positive elements which are summarized in the “Natural Law Formula”. Commonly, they will appeal to human dignity, some psychological or natural inclinations, the values of society, some important goods, goals and means, and to certain principles coined in different places of the legal system. This Article discuss how authors deal with these starting points in their analysis, which precisely are the main elements of the mentioned formula.
 After showing how the formula works in the human rights field, we consider new possible applications of the versatile formula. It can be used deducing legal conclusions from general principles, ends, values and other elements, and inferring general standards from specific cases, as well. While scholars tend to use the deductive methodology that goes from the general to the particular, courts use the inductive methodology that goes from the case law to the general rules and standards.
 Finally, the Article introduces new applications of the formula in different sciences and arts related to the human being, like anthropology, ethics, and economics. Thus, this study shows how the formula can be used to develop interdisciplinary studies.

Induction and destruction of folding motifs in cyclotides by cyclic cystine knots

Multivariate roles of cyclic cystine knots (CCK) present in cyclotides are well known. More than often this marvellous combination of disulphide linkages embedded in a macrocyclic backbone is seen to induce and stabilize otherwise unfavourable secondary structural motifs in peptides. Partial or complete reduction of the disulphide bonds leads to significant overhauling of the peptide structure and associated dynamics with disappearance of some of the CCK-stabilized local motifs. In this work, we explore structural and dynamical intricacies in two prototypical bracelet and a Möbius cyclotide, respectively cycloviolacin O1 (cyO1), cycloviolacin O2 (cyO2) and kalata B1 (kB1), either in their native (N, with CCK), partially reduced (with either one or two S-S bonds) or completely reduced (D, without CCK) forms using molecular dynamics simulations. The S-S linkage(s) primarily responsible for sustaining a given organized motif in each case is identified from the simulation of the partially reduced forms. Correlation of helix propensity, strand propensity and hydropathicity indices of the amino acids conserved across families of different bracelet/Möbius cyclotides give insight to the natural inclination of the CCK stabilized backbones to exhibit a given motif. Dihedral principal component analysis (dPCA) and normal mode analysis (NMA) help scan through the effect of structural reorganization on peptide dynamics. The relatively restricted dynamical modes in CCK-intact native peptides are replaced with large amplitude dynamical fluctuations in the reduced peptides. Concomitant structural variance is observed across the clusters in the space spanned by the dominant principal components (PCs).

RAPE IS RAPE EVEN IN MATRIMONY: AMENDING THE INDIAN PENAL CODE TO CRIMINALIZE MARITAL RAPE: A CURRENT COMPELLING NECESSITY

Matrimony is a revered union that establishes a holy connection between two individuals and their respective families. However, when matrimony is entered into without the explicit consent of the parties involved or when the individuals participating in the marriage are not satisfied with the arrangement, it can become unpleasant or unfavourable. Throughout history, our civilization has exhibited a proclivity towards a patriarchal system, dating back to the era of hunting and gathering. It is inherent for men to exhibit dominant emotions as a result of their natural disposition. When examining the global context, it becomes evident that establishing and enforcing law and order play a significant role in defining and regulating societal norms and behaviours. The Indian Penal Code of 1860 encompasses a set of laws and corresponding penalties that have been established. However, a common misconception among individuals is the lack of understanding regarding the historical origins of these regulations, which the British established during a bygone era. Marital rape is not criminalized under Indian law, specifically the Indian Penal Code of 1860, which does not acknowledge the act of a husband raping his wife as a punishable offence. The rationales for this phenomenon are diverse and can be identified in numerous publications of the Law Commission, deliberations within the Parliament, and adjudicatory rulings. There are various justifications for this, including the preservation of the sacred nature of marriage and the availability of alternative legal remedies. This paper examines the fallacies underlying the arguments favouring decriminalizing marital rape. The author presents a scholarly examination of Article 14 of the Constitution of India, asserting that the inclusion of a marital rape exception clause within the Indian Penal Code 1860 is fundamentally inconsistent with constitutional principles. Additionally, the author highlights the dearth of available alternative avenues for a woman to seek legal recourse in cases of marital rape. The author asserts that criminalizing marital rape is imperative and presents a comprehensive framework for achieving this objective.

Affective Domain as the Main Foundation for Meaningful Learning in the Age of Mediamorphosis

The affective domain is vital for achieving meaningful learning and happiness. However, this domain is difficult to assess due to its complexity and relative measurement. This study seeks to identify the foundation of affective domains to assist educators in creating a meaningful learning experience. Examining the components of this domain, namely values, emotions, motivations, and attitudes, reveals that the foundation of the affective domain consists of true knowledge, the natural inclination and God-consciousness, humanity, focus on the hereafter, and heart purification. These foundations must also be incorporated into the practice of tafakkur and tazakkur to ensure the holistic development of individuals.

A Humanist Reading of Wang Chong’s Defence of Divination

In this article, I present a new perspective on the thought of Wang Chong (王充, 27 CE – ca 97 CE) by drawing on Chung-Ying Cheng’s understanding of inclusive or intrinsic humanism. Specifically, I show how this type of humanism is reflected in Wang’s defence of divination and how his reinterpretation of the concepts of spontaneity (ziran 自然), endowment (ming 命), and natural disposition (xing 性) provide insights into the capabilities, concerns, and role of humans in the universe. Additionally, I describe the importance of ontocosmological humility in divination and inclusive humanism, then discuss how such a disposition or virtue figures in the modern scientific literature. While I offer a humanist reading of Wang’s defence of divination in this article, I also argue that ontocosmological humility can guide humans in making responsible actions and transforming themselves, other creatures, and the universe.

Fakhruddin al-Razi and Sigmund Freud's Perspectives on the Concept of the Human: A Comparative Analysis

The discourse of the human concept is an important theme constantly being studied because humans have a natural disposition to understand and understand themselves. Fakhruddin Ar-Razi and Sigmund Freud are a few who focus on studying the concept of humans. Both are important figures in the development of science. Between ar-Razi and Freud, they had a view on it. The author at least uses a descriptive analysis method with a comparative study of each character’s opinion. This paper at least examines the differences and similarities in their views about the human concept regarding personality structure, the basis of human action and the goals of human behaviour. According to ar-Razi and Sigmund Freud, the results can be seen to what extent the similarities and differences regarding human conception. The conclusion of this research, from the point of view of Islamic worldview represented by Fakhruddin al-Razi’s thoughts, is that humans are seen comprehensively not only to have natural potential (ḥayawāniyah) but also nabatiyyah dan insaniyyah.

Crossmodal correspondences between visual features and tastes in preschoolers: an exploratory study.

Adults possess a natural inclination to associate sensory cues derived from distinct modalities, such as the pairing of sweet with pink. However, studies exploring crossmodal correspondences in children, particularly in the sensory pairing of visual features and tastes, are scant, leaving unanswered questions regarding the developmental trajectory of crossmodal correspondences. The present study investigates whether Japanese preschool children demonstrate specific biases in shape-color, shape-taste, and color-taste associations. In a series of in-person experiments, 92 children between 3 to 6 years of age completed matching tasks utilizing paper stimuli. Children exhibit crossmodal correspondences in shape-color (circle-red and asymmetrical star-yellow), shape-taste (triangle-salty and circle-sweet), and color-taste (yellow-sour, black-bitter, and pink-sweet) associations. Moreover, children's choices are not influenced by their individual preferences. The crossmodal correspondences observed in this study have been observed in previous research on adults from the same (Japanese) culture, although adults showed more crossmodal correspondences than the children in this study (e.g., pink-circle, triangle-sour, and green-bitter). Thus, while some crossmodal correspondences emerge during childhood, others may require additional time to develop, thereby highlighting the importance of understanding the cognitive mechanisms underlying crossmodal correspondences from an ontogenic perspective.