Natural Compounds Research Articles

Targeting PPARα/γ by icariside II to rescue GalN/LPS-induced acute liver injury in mice: Involvement of SIRT6/NF-κB signaling pathway

BackgroundPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α and-γ (PPARα/γ) are known to play crucial roles in acute liver injury (ALI). Icariside II (ICS II), a natural flavonoid compound derived from Herba EpimedII, confers neuroprotection with PPARα/γ induction potency. PurposeThis study was aimed to explore whether ICS II has the capacity to protect against ALI, and the role of PPARα/γ in the beneficial effect of ICS II on ALI. MethodsMice challenged by D-galactosamine (GalN)/lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and Kupffer cells (KCs) upon LPS insult were used as ALI models in vivo and in vitro. PPARα/γ-deficient mice were treated with ICS II to validate the potential targets of ICS II on ALI. ResultsWe found that ICS II (5, 10, 20 mg/kg) dose-dependently improved the survival rate and liver histology, decreased ALT and AST in GalN/LPS-treated mice. Furthermore, ICS II directly bound to PPARα/γ and increased their activities. The protective properties of ICS II were counteracted when PPARα/γ were knocked out in GalN/LPS-induced mice and LPS-induced KCs, respectively. Mechanistically, ICS II restored mitochondrial function, reduced oxidative stress and inflammation through activating PPARα/γ, which activated Sirt6 and inhibited NF-κB nuclear translocation. ConclusionOur findings not only highlight PPARα/γ-SIRT6 signaling as a vital therapeutic target to combat ALI, but also reveal ICS II may serve as a novel dual PPARα/γ agonist to safeguard ALI from the oxidation-inflammation vicious circle by mediating SIRT6/NF-κB.

Electrospun Polycaprolactone-Curcumin Scaffolds: Optimization of fiber production for enhanced Nanotopography and improved biological cell adhesion

Curcumin, a natural polyphenolic compound with well-documented anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer properties, has gained attention for its potential in tissue regeneration and other biomedical applications. Despite this, the integration of curcumin into polymeric scaffolds remains challenging due to its hydrophobic nature and stability concerns. This study aims to overcome these limitations by developing and characterizing curcumin-loaded polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds through electrospinning, a technique selected based on a comprehensive review of recent advances in the field. In this work, PCL scaffolds were fabricated with curcumin concentrations of 5, 10, and 15 mg and analyzed using advanced microscopy, spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, mechanical testing, and biological assays. Microscopy revealed that increasing curcumin concentrations improved fiber diameter uniformity and distribution. Raman spectroscopy confirmed the homogeneous incorporation of curcumin within the scaffolds, showing that up to 10 mg, the electrospinning process induces a transition of curcumin from its di-keto to its more reactive keto-enol form. This transformation facilitates hydrogen bonding with the PCL matrix, enhancing the scaffolds’ mechanical properties.In vitro cytotoxicity assays demonstrated high cell viability across all scaffolds after 24 and 72 h. Furthermore, adhesion studies with fibroblast BJ-1 cells indicated significantly improved cell adhesion on curcumin-loaded scaffolds compared to pure PCL. These findings highlight the biocompatibility and bioactivity of curcumin-loaded PCL scaffolds.This study examines the possible use of curcumin’s controlled integration into PCL scaffolds for tissue regeneration applications. The innovative approach detailed here offers a scalable and effective pathway for the development of biomaterials that combine mechanical strength, bioactivity, and biocompatibility, addressing a critical need in tissue engineering.

The Miraculous of Rhizopus arrhizus in the Structural Modifications of Steroidal Skeleton

Many natural and synthetic steroidal compounds have been converted by biotransformation to get highly valuable products for pharmaceuticals or chemical intermediates for the production of drugs. This review summarizes the biotransformation of sixty-six steroids 1-66 (ten of pregnane 1-10, fifty of androstane 11-60 while six steroids of estrane series 61-66) by using different strains of <i>Rhizopus arrhizus</i>, a well-known fungus of the zygomycetes group, used in food, dairy, pharmaceutical and numerous biotechnological processes. <i>R. arrhizus</i> transformed only fifty-four compounds 1-51 and 61-63, whereas nine compounds of androstane 52-60 and three compounds of estrane series 64-66 remained unchanged. <i>R. arrhizus</i> brought various structural modifications in steroids, including hydroxylation, epoxidation, epoxide hydrolysis, reduction of double bonds and ketonic group, dechlorination and defluorination, deacetylation, oxidation of various functional groups and isomerization.

Characterization of Natural Flavor Compounds of Five Commercial Anhydrous Milk Fats via GC-TOF-MS, Aroma Recombination, and Omission Models

Characterization of Natural Flavor Compounds of Five Commercial Anhydrous Milk Fats via GC-TOF-MS, Aroma Recombination, and Omission Models

Cold plasma: A nonthermal pretreatment, extraction, and solvent activation technique for obtaining bioactive compounds from agro-food industrial biomass.

The present review provides a comprehensive overview of cold plasma treatment and its applications in solvent activation and bioactive component extraction. The study has summarized the principles, types, uses, and mechanisms of cold plasma treatment in activating various solvents, extracting biomolecules, and affecting the characteristics of the extracted compound. This review also explores the environmental benefits of implementing this sustainable technology, highlighting the influence of key parameters such as gas type, treatment time, voltage, and plasma flow rate on the extraction process, providing insights into optimizing these conditions for maximum efficiency. In addition, future trends and research needs for advancing cold plasma-assisted extraction have also been proposed. All biomolecules exhibit specific characteristics; still, the influence of cold plasma treatment varies depending on treatment parameters and product properties, including the source material utilized in the extraction process. Most research has shown that cold plasma treatment can cause cell disruption due to reactive species generation and enhances solvent penetration; thereby, it helps in improving extraction yield with negligible effects on characteristics. With the growing demand for natural bioactive compounds in the nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, and food sectors, cold plasma offers a promising alternative to conventional thermal and chemical extraction techniques. This review concisely discusses the benefits and challenges of cold plasma treatment and the need for additional research.

Rising above: exploring the therapeutic potential of natural product-based compounds in human cancer treatment

Rising above: exploring the therapeutic potential of natural product-based compounds in human cancer treatment

Sulforaphane regulation autophagy-mediated pyroptosis in autoimmune hepatitis via AMPK/mTOR pathway.

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a liver disease marked by inflammation of unknown origin. If untreated, it can progress to cirrhosis or liver failure, posing a significant health risk. Currently, effective drug therapies are lacking in clinical practice. Sulforaphane (SFN), a natural anti-inflammatory and antioxidant compound found in various cruciferous vegetables, alleviate pyroptosis and improve impaired autophagic flux, both of which contribute to AIH progression. However, whether SFN modulates autophagic flux and pyroptosis in S100-induced EAH through the AMPK/mTOR pathway remains unclear. Therefore, this study aims to investigate whether SFN can regulate AIH and elucidate its potential mechanisms of action. In this study, experimental AIH (EAH) was induced in male C57BL/6 J mice through intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of S100. SFN was administered intraperitoneally every other day. After 28days, the mice were euthanized, and their livers and serum were collected for histological and biochemical analyses. AML12 cells were used for the in vitro studies. The results showed that SFN mitigated pyroptosis by inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome and improving autophagic flux, which alleviates S100-induced EAH. Conversely, the autophagy inhibitor 3-MA negated the protective effects of SFN against inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis. Furthermore, SFN activated the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway, offering protection against S100-induced EAH. Selective inhibition of AMPK suppressed the improvement in autophagic flux and protected against SFN-induced pyroptosis. Overall, SFN significantly ameliorates S100-induced EAH by enhancing autophagic flux and mitigating pyroptosis through activation of the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway.

An effective drug-free hydrogel for accelerating the whole healing process of bacteria-infected wounds.

Wound healing is a dynamic and complex process involving hemostasis, inflammation, fibroblast proliferation, and tissue remodeling. This process is highly susceptible to bacterial infection, which often leads to impaired and delayed wound repair. While antibiotic therapy remains the primary clinical approach for treating bacteria-infected wounds, its widespread use poses a significant risk of developing bacterial resistance. Here, a novel drug-free hydrogel was fabricated using polysaccharides and humic acid (HU) to facilitate the healing of bacteria-infected wounds. Specifically, hyaluronic acid (HA) was modified via oxidation with sodium periodate, introducing aldehyde groups along its main chains. Pectin (PT) was grafted with amino groups on its side chains through an amidation reaction with ethylenediamine. HU, a natural organic compound with hemostatic, antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and photothermal properties, was reduced using sodium borohydride to generate an increased number of phenolic hydroxyl and catechol groups. The resulting hydrogel, called HA-PT/HUOH, was prepared by integrating these three chemically modified biomaterials through dynamic Schiff base cross-linking and hydrogen bonding. The HA-PT/HUOH hydrogel showed excellent injectability, strong bioadhesiveness, rapid self-healing capabilities, and potent photothermal performance. Both in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that HA-PT/HUOH significantly accelerated the healing of bacteria-infected wounds by modulating the entire wound-healing process. This included enhancing hemostasis, bacteriostasis, antioxidation, anti-inflammatory responses, fibroblast proliferation, and tissue remodeling. In summary, this multifunctional drug-free hydrogel presents a highly promising solution as a wound dressing for clinical application.

Synthetic Applications of Amino Acid Derived Aldehydes in Asymmetric Hydroxylation Reactions Using Nitrosobenzene

AbstractThis review highlights the proline-catalyzed asymmetric α-hydroxylation of aldehydes derived from amino acids. This reaction provides a robust method for introducing a hydroxyl group at the α-position of the aldehyde with high stereocontrol. The stereochemical outcome of the hydroxylation is primarily governed by the chiral environment of the proline catalyst and is further influenced by the pre-existing chiral center within the substrate. Post-hydroxylation, the aldehyde intermediates can be readily transformed into alcohols or olefins, depending on the synthetic requirements. We explore the utility of amino acid derived aldehydes, such as those obtained from l-glutamic acid, phenylalanine, proline, and l-aspartic acid, in the context of asymmetric synthesis. The scope of this methodology extends to the efficient construction of various natural products and bioactive compounds, highlighting its significance in modern organic synthesis.1 Introduction2 Mechanistic Overview of the Proline-Catalyzed Asymmetric α-Hydroxylation of Aldehydes3 Review of the Proline-Catalyzed Asymmetric α-Hydroxylation of Aldehydes4 Current Overview and Future Prospective5 Conclusion

Synthesis and discovery of simplified pleurotin analogs bearing tricyclic core as novel thioredoxin reductase inhibitors.

Pleurotin (1) is a benzoquinone meroterpenoid known for its wide-spectrum antitumor and antibiotic activities, notably acting as natural inhibitors of the thioredoxin reductase (TrxR). Pleurotin (1) has been chemically synthesized, but only in milligram quantities through at least 13 longest linear steps with 0.8% overall yield due to its complex structure such as fused hexacyclic core with 8 contiguous stereocenters. Therefore, structural simplification strategy is applied to pleurotin natural products for their structure-activity relationship (SAR) study and further therapeutics development. Herein, we judiciously designed pleurotin analogs of tricyclic A/D/E ring core, retaining the putative pharmacophore of para-quinone moiety D and its supportive A and E rings. Thus 16 simplified analogs of pleurotin bearing tricyclic A/D/E core were readily synthesized in only 2 to 6 steps with up to 50% overall yield from commercially available materials. Significantly, the best analog 14f with benzonitrile substituent exhibited more potent TrxR inhibitory activity with an IC50 of 3.5μM than the positive control micheliolide (IC50=6.23μM). Furthermore, the mechanism study revealed that compound 14f could induce apoptosis of tumor cells by inducing ROS generation and inhibiting TrxR activities. Our study for the first time showed that the tricyclic A/D/E ring scaffold from the natural product pleurotin (1) with proper substitution can maintain or even improve the TrxR inhibitory and antiproliferative activities, with high synthetic accessibility, affording natural product-derived lead compounds for the further development of TrxR inhibitors as anti-tumor therapeutics.

Antimicrobial Efficacy of Teucrium polium L. Extracts for Dental Caries: Green Extraction Techniques and Bioactive Compounds.

Dental caries is a highly prevalent chronic condition globally. In recent years, scientists have turned to natural compounds such as plant extracts as an alternative to address concerns related to biofilm-mediated disease transmission, increasing bacterial resistance, and the adverse impacts of antibiotics. Consequently, this study investigated the antimicrobial properties of ethanolic, hydroethanolic, and aqueous extracts of Teucrium polium L. (T. polium), which belongs to the Lamiaceae family, at different concentrations (0.1, 1, 10, 100, 500, 1000 ppm) against seven bacteria commonly associated with dental decay. The hydroethanolic extract demonstrated the highest efficacy against S. mutans (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) = 1.24 mg/mL), while the ethanolic extract exhibited the most potent activity against S. sanguinis (MIC = 1.55 mg/mL). For S. sobrinus, the ethanolic extract was the most effective (MIC = 1.52 mg/mL), whereas the hydromethanolic extract displayed the highest efficacy against S. salivarius (MIC = 1.52 mg/mL). S. aureus was most susceptible to the ethanolic extract (MIC = 1.9 mg/mL), whereas the aqueous extract demonstrated the strongest antimicrobial effect against S. epidermidis (MIC = 2.03 mg/mL). Finally, the ethanolic extract exhibited the maximum efficacy against L. fermentum (MIC = 1.36 mg/mL). Overall, the ethanolic extract demonstrated the highest efficacy against all tested bacteria, followed by the hydroethanolic extract, while the aqueous extract showed comparatively lower effectiveness. Therefore, depending on the specific target bacteria, it is suggested to combine the antibacterial extract of T. polium with the most effective solvent to effectively combat the bacteria responsible for dental decay. The study found that mouthwashes containing ethanolic and hydroethanolic extracts, at a concentration of 2.44 mg/L, effectively inhibited the growth of all oral bacteria contributing to dental caries. Future research should explore T. polium extracts' mechanisms of action against oral pathogens, their practical applications, and their efficacy against conventional treatments, paving the way for innovative dental therapies.

In Silico Study and Validation of Natural Compounds Derived from Macleaya cordata as a Potent Inhibitor for BTK

In Silico Study and Validation of Natural Compounds Derived from Macleaya cordata as a Potent Inhibitor for BTK

Natural product extract fractions as potential arthritis treatments: A detailed analysis using in-silico, in-vivo, and in-vitro methods.

Two characteristics of the systemic autoimmune disease rheumatoid arthritis (RA) include extra-articular involvement and inflammatory arthritis. It is a long-term inflammatory condition that mostly affects the synovial joints and is often triggered by a confluence of environmental factors, including tobacco use, and genetics. The review investigates natural products' role in arthritis through three key approaches. In-silico analysis identifies molecular mechanisms and targets of these products, revealing their potential for therapeutic use. In-vivo studies evaluate how well these products work and their safety in reducing joint inflammation. In-vitro studies focus on how these compounds interact at the cellular level and their effects on signaling pathways. Together, these approaches offer a comprehensive understanding of how natural products could benefit arthritis management. This review focuses on translational studies and highlights the possible role of natural compounds as adjunctive therapies to conventional arthritis treatments. In conclusion, this study indicates that natural products have potential advantages in treating osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis based on in-silico analysis which shows anti-inflammatory effects, in-vivo studies that reduce joint inflammation, and in-vitro studies that amplify arthritis management. To improve the therapeutic advantages of natural products utilized for treating arthritis, an all-inclusive examination has been done to give direction for the following research efforts.

Nanostructural Modulation of G-Quadruplex DNA in Neurodegeneration: Orotate Interaction Revealed Through Experimental and Computational Approaches.

The natural compound orotic acid and its anionic form, orotate, play a pivotal role in various biological processes, serving as essential intermediates in pyrimidine de novo synthesis, with demonstrated connections to dietary, supplement, and neurodrug applications. A novel perspective on biomolecular aggregation at the nanoscale, particularly pertinent to neurodegeneration, challenges the established paradigm positing that peptide (amyloid beta) and protein (tau) aggregation mainly govern the molecular events underlying prevalent neuropathologies. Emerging biological evidence indicates a notable role for G-quadruplex (G4) DNA aggregation in neurodegenerative processes affecting neuronal cells, particularly in the presence of extended (G4C2)n repeats in nuclear DNA sequences. Our study concerns d[(GGGGCC)3GGGG], a G4-forming DNA model featuring G4C2 repeats that is in correlation with neurodegeneration. Through different investigations utilizing spectroscopic techniques (CD, UV, and thermal denaturations), PAGE electrophoresis, and molecular docking, the study explores the influence of orotate on the aggregation of this neurodegeneration-associated DNA. A computational approach was employed to construct an in silico model of the DNA aggregate, which involved the docking of multiple G4 units and subsequent integration of the ligand into both the DNA monomer and its in silico aggregated model. The convergence of computational analyses and empirical data collectively supports the hypothesis that orotate possesses the capability to modulate the aggregation of neurodegeneration-related DNA. Notably, the findings suggest the potential utility of orotate as a neurodrug, especially for the therapy of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD), with its current status as a dietary supplement indicating minimal safety concerns. Additionally, orotate demonstrated a slight increase in mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity as assessed by the MTT assay, which is beneficial for a neurodrug as it suggests a potential role in enhancing mitochondrial function and supporting neuronal health.

Synthesis of harmaline N-9 derivatives and investigation of in vitro anticancer activity.

Harmaline as a natural compound possessed a wide range of pharmacological activities. In this study, 22 novel harmaline-based derivatives were synthesized and screened for in vitro anti-proliferation activity against three cancer cell lines, HCT116, MCF7, and MGC803. The modification site was at the position N-9 of harmaline. The 24-hour IC50 of compound HL22 against HCT116, MGC803, and MCF7 was 3.84 ± 0.11 μM, 5.26 ± 0.46 μM, and 8.67 ± 0.13 μM, respectively. Compound HL22 significantly reduced the migratory ability of MGC803 cells. The monoclonal formation of MGC803 cells was also inhibited by HL22. The 1H NMR metabolomics analysis suggested that the antiproliferative mechanism could be associated for the metabolism of glycine, serine and threonine, the metabolism of taurine and hypotaurine, glutathione metabolism, and the metabolism of nicotinic acid and nicotinamide. The significance of this study is that the anti-cancer activity of the modified N-9 derivatives of harmaline has been explored for the first time.

Evaluation of in-vitro antioxidant activity, acute oral toxicity, and pancreatic and hepatic protective effects of Aloe rubroviolacea flowers extract against CCl4 toxicity in a rat model.

Ethnopharmacological relevanceAloe rubroviolacea (Arabian Aloe) was widely cultured and commonly used in traditional medicine. Aloe species was highly recommended in folk medicine for abdominal pain, intestinal infection, intestinal colic, obesity, and gynaecological pain after childbirth. Aim of the workThe present work aimed to conduct chemical profiling, in-vitro antioxidant activity, in-vivo oral acute toxicity study of A. rubroviolacea flowers ethanolic extract (ARFEE) along with exploring pancreatic and hepatic protective effects of ARFEE against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) toxicity in a rat model. Molecular docking study of ARFEE and 3D structure activity relationship was also demonstrated to investigate the proposed antioxidant mechanism. Materials and methodsThe chemical composition was analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and thin layer chromatography (TLC) techniques. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents in ARFEE were estimated by Folin-Ciocalteu and AlCl3 colorimetric methods, respectively. In-vitro antioxidant DPPH assay was performed using ascorbic acid as a reference standard. Moreover, In-vivo acute toxicity study using fixed doses of ARFEE (0.1, 0.5, 1, 2 and 3 g/kg orally) was conducted. CCl4 toxicity was induced by using a single dose of CCl4 (1 ml/kg, i.p.) on 5th day, silymarin (50 mg/kg/day, orally) as a standard and two different doses of ARFEE (250, 500 mg/kg, orally) daily for 5 days before CCl4 injection. ResultsGC-MS analysis displayed the existence of 36 chemical compounds, the majority of which were fatty acids and their esters, in addition to phytosterols. The total phenolic content of ARFEE was 25.09 ± 1.65 mg of gallic acid equivalent/g extract dry weight (mg GAE/g DW), while the total flavonoid content was 17.48 ± 0.64 mg of quercetin equivalent/g extract dry weight (mg QE/g DW). Our results showed that the ARFEE had a potential in-vitro antioxidant activity as strong as ascorbic acid. No mortality or signs of toxicity were observed after ARFEE intake. Additionally, ARFEE ameliorated CCl4 toxicity on hepatic and pancreatic tissues. Molecular docking study resulted in potent promising natural compounds contained in ARFEE with anti-oxidant potential. ConclusionBased on oral safety, good anti-oxidant and pancreato- and hepato-protective activities of ARFEE against CCl4 toxicity, ARFEE is probably a potent agent for treatment of liver ailments.

Natural polyphenols as therapeutic candidates for mitigating neuropsychiatric symptoms in post-traumatic stress disorder: Evidence from preclinical studies.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a challenging mental health condition that affects millions of people worldwide after they experience traumatic events. The current medications often do not fully address the wide range of PTSD symptoms or the underlying brain mechanisms, prompting the need to explore new treatments. Polyphenols, which are natural compounds found in many plant-based foods, have gained interest due to their brain-protective, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant benefits. This review looks at how polyphenols might help treat PTSD by influencing important brain pathways related to the disorder. We explored how polyphenols affect the stress-response system, fear-related memories, brain chemicals, and inflammation. Specifically, we discuss how compounds like resveratrol, curcumin, green tea extract, and quercetin can balance stress hormones, help reduce fear memories, regulate brain chemicals, and decrease brain inflammation. Studies with animals have provided insights into how these compounds might work to ease PTSD symptoms. Based on the preclinical studies, the present review suggests that polyphenols could be a valuable addition or alternative to current PTSD treatments. However, more research is needed to confirm these findings and to determine the best ways to use polyphenols in treating PTSD.

Bone Tissue Engineering With Chitosan, Carbon Nanotubes, and Hydroxyapatite Biomaterials Enriched With Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A Radiographic and Histological Evaluation in a Sheep Model Undergoing Ostectomy (Bone Tissue Engineering in a Sheep Model).

Comminuted fractures associated with tissue loss can adversely affect bone regeneration. Biomaterials enriched with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) employed for supporting osteosynthesis and potentiating osteoconduction are necessary to fill these bone defects. Natural compound biomaterials, similar to bone tissue, have been extensively tested in animal models for clinical use. Bone tissue engineering studies have used critical-size defects in ovine tibia monitored by imaging and histological examinations to evaluate the regenerative process. This study aimed to monitor the regenerative process in ovine tibial defects with or without chitosan, carbon nanotubes, or hydroxyapatite biomaterials, enriched or not enriched with MSCs. A 3-cm ostectomy was performed in 18 female Suffolk sheep. A 10-hole 4.5 mm narrow locking compression plate was used for osteosynthesis. The animals were randomly divided into three groups (n = 6): control (CON); defects filled with chitosan, carbon nanotubes, and hydroxyapatite biomaterial (BIO); and the same biomaterial enriched with bone marrow MSCs (BIO + CELL). The animals were evaluated monthly using radiographic examinations until 90 postoperative days, when they were euthanized. The limbs were subjected to micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), and bone specimens were subjected to histological evaluations. The radiographic examinations revealed construction stability without plate deviation, fracture, or bone lysis. Micro-CT evaluation demonstrated a difference in bone microarchitecture between the CON and biomaterial treatment groups (BIO and BIO + CELL). In the histological evaluations, the CON group did not demonstrate bone formation, and in the treatment groups (BIO and BIO + CELL), biocompatibility with sheep tissue was noted, and bone formation with trabeculae interspersed with remnants of the biomaterial was observed, with no differences between the groups. In conclusion, biomaterials present osteoconduction with beneficial characteristics for filling bone-lost fractures, and MSCs did not interfere with bone formation.

Neochlorogenic acid ameliorates allergic airway inflammation by suppressing type 2 immunity and upregulating HO-1 expression.

Neochlorogenic acid is a natural compound isolated from various fruits and vegetables that has anti-inflammation and anti-oxidative effects in macrophages. Inflammatory immune cells and tracheal epithelial cells can stimulate airway hyperresponsiveness, inflammation, and reactive oxygen species. In this study, we investigated the effect of neochlorogenic acid in ameliorating inflammatory and oxidative responses in asthmatic mice. We used an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced mouse model, treating mice with neochlorogenic acid by intraperitoneal injection. We also treated inflammatory human tracheal epithelial (BEAS-2B) cells with neochlorogenic acid to evaluate inflammatory cytokine levels and oxidative responses. The results demonstrate that neochlorogenic acid attenuated airway hyperresponsiveness, eosinophil infiltration, and goblet cell hyperplasia in the lungs of asthmatic mice. Neochlorogenic acid also reduced type 2 cytokine expression in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and improved oxidative stress in the lung. Neochlorogenic acid effectively blocked monocyte attachment to adherent BEAS-2B cells, and reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine and reactive oxygen species production in inflammatory BEAS-2B cells. These findings suggest that neochlorogenic acid is a potential immunomodulator that can ameliorate airway hyperresponsiveness and airway inflammation in asthmatic mice.

Key epigenetic enzymes modulated by natural compounds contributes to tumorigenicity

Key epigenetic enzymes modulated by natural compounds contributes to tumorigenicity