Natural Antioxidants Research Articles

DNA-Protective, Antioxidant and Anti-Carcinogenic Potential of Meadowsweet (Filipendula ulmaria) Dry Tincture.

Nowadays, interest in natural antioxidants (especially phenolics) for the prevention of oxidative stress-related diseases is increasing due to their fewer side effects and more potent activity than some of their synthetic analogues. New chemical and pharmacological studies of well-known herbal substances are among the current trends in medicinal plant research. Meadowsweet (Filipendula ulmaria) is a popular herb used in traditional medicine to treat various diseases (including rheumatic-, inflammatory- and tumor-related disease, etc.). The dry tincture of Filipendulae ulmariae herba, collected from the Bulgarian flora, was analyzed using the HPLC method and bioassayed for antioxidant, antiproliferative and DNA-protective activities against oxidative damage. The HPLC phenolic profile showed 12 phenolics, of which salicylic acid (18.84 mg/g dry extract), rutin (9.97 mg/g de), p-coumaric acid (6.80 mg/g de), quercetin (4.47 mg/g de), rosmarinic acid (4.01 mg/g de) and vanillic acid (3.82 mg/g de) were the major components. The high antioxidant potential of the species was confirmed by using four methods, best expressed by the results of the CUPRAC assay (10,605.91 μM TE/g de). The present study reports for the first time the highly protective activities of meadowsweet dry tincture against oxidative DNA damage and its antiproliferative effect against hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2 cell line). Meadowsweet dry tincture possesses great potential to prevent diseases caused by oxidative stress.

Comparison in Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Cheonggukjang Containing Mountain-Cultivated Ginseng Using Two Bacillus Genus.

In this study, the nutrients, phytochemicals (including isoflavone and ginsenoside derivatives), and antioxidant activities of cheonggukjang with different ratios (0%, 2.5%, 5%, and 10%) of mountain-cultivated ginseng (MCG) were compared and analyzed using microorganisms isolated from traditional cheonggukjang. The IDCK 30 and IDCK 40 strains were confirmed as Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis, respectively, based on morphological, biological, biochemical, and molecular genetic identification, as well as cell wall fatty acid composition. The contents of amino acids and fatty acids showed no significant difference in relation to the ratio of MCG. After fermentation, isoflavone glycoside (such as daidzin, glycitin, and genistin) contents decreased, while aglycone (daidzein, glycitein, and genistein) contents increased. However, total ginsenoside contents were higher according to the ratio of MCG. After fermentation, ginsenoside Rg2, F2, and protopanaxadiol contents of cheonggukjang decreased. Conversely, ginsenoside Rg3 (2.5%: 56.51 → 89.43 μg/g, 5.0%: 65.56 → 94.71 μg/g, and 10%: 96.05 → 166.90 μg/g) and compound K (2.5%: 28.54 → 69.43 μg/g, 5.0%: 41.63 → 150.72 μg/g, and 10%: 96.23 → 231.33 μg/g) increased. The total phenolic and total flavonoid contents were higher with increasing ratios of MCG and fermentation (fermented cheonggukjang with 10% MCG: 13.60 GAE and 1.87 RE mg/g). Additionally, radical scavenging activities and ferric reducing/antioxidant power were significantly increased in fermented cheonggukjang. This study demonstrates that the quality of cheonggukjang improved, and cheonggukjang with MCG as natural antioxidants may be useful in food and pharmaceutical applications.

Перспективы комплексной переработки ягод черной смородины

Black currant (Ribes nigrum L.) is one of the most popular berries in Russia. Its biochemical properties make it part of a healthy diet. This review describes the role of black currant and its by-products in the food industry and defines its nutritional value, i.e., vitamin C, anthocyanins, and dietary fiber. It covered original Russian and English research articles and reviews published in 2015-2023 and indexed in the Russian Research Citation Index or Pubmed databases. The keywords were black currant in Russian and English. Black currant berries are rich in dietary fiber, polyphenolic compounds, anthocyanins, vitamin C, and potassium. They cover human needs for these nutrients. Added to fermented dairy and grain foods at 5-20%, fresh or processed berries fortify them with dietary fiber, vitamin C, and anthocyanins while reducing energy value. As ingredients with color, taste, and aromatic compounds, black currant berries and their secondary products can be introduced into the formulations of various alcoholic beverages. Berry pomace is a technologically functional ingredient with a moisture-retaining ability that increases the antioxidant capacity of the final product. Juice and aqueous extracts of black currant pomace are used as picklers for fish and meat products to increase their microbiological safety and shelf-life. Complex processing of black currant berries is feasible as they are a valuable source of dietary fiber, vitamin C, and anthocyanins. Products of their processing provide a concentrate of dietary fiber with natural antioxidants. However, functional foods as sources of biologically active substances need to follow special criteria for fortified products. Black currant and its by-products are a potential source of valuable biologically active substances. In small quantities, they can expand the range of food products but fail to satisfy human diet with biologically active substances or reduce the overall energy value.

Tetra aniline-based polymers ameliorate BPA-induced cardiotoxicity in Sprague Dawley rats, in silico and in vivo analysis

AimsBisphenol A (BPA), xenoestrogen, is an environmental toxicant, that generates oxidative stress leading to cardiotoxicity. The oxidative stress can be neutralized by natural and synthetic antioxidants. The present study elucidates the highly selective antioxidative potential of synthetic tetra aniline polymers Es-37 and L-37 against Bisphenol A-induced cardiac cellular impairments and the role of miRNA-15a-5p in the regulation of different apoptotic proteins. Materials and methodsThe molecular docking of L-37 and Es-37 with three proteins (p53, Cytochrome c, and Bcl-2) were performed. The dose of 1 mg/kg BW of BPA, 1 mg/kg BW Es-37 and L-37 and 50 mg/kg BW N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) was administered to Sprague Dawley rats. The miRNA and target gene expression were confirmed by qRt-PCR and Immunoblotting. Key findingsIn our results, BPA administration significantly elevated the reactive oxygen species (ROS), p53, cytochrome c, and particularly miRNA-15a-5p expression; however: these changes were notably reversed by Es-37 and L-37 treatment. Additionally, molecular docking of synthetic polymers validated that L-37 has a greater binding affinity with the target proteins compared to Es-37, with the highest binding values reported for the enzymatic protein cytochrome c. SignificanceThese results suggest that both synthetic polymers Es-37 and L-37 have the potential to scavenge free radicals, boost-up antioxidant enzyme activities, and avert (BPA-induced) toxicity, thus, may serve as cardioprotective agents. Moreover, this study first time proposes that miRNA-15a-5p overexpression is associated with oxidative stress and coincides with BPA induced cardiotoxicity, thus may serve as potential therapeutic target in future.

Stabilization of PE with the natural antioxidant t-resveratrol: Interaction of the primary and the secondary antioxidant

The study focuses on the possibility of using resveratrol, a stilbenoid-type natural antioxidant, as a stabilizer in polyethylene. The experiments were carried out in two stages. First, the efficiency of the natural antioxidant was compared to that of a commercial product, and then polymer properties were determined as a function of additive content. Stabilization efficiency was determined by multiple extrusion experiments. Resveratrol proved a very efficient stabilizer, more efficient than the commercial hindered phenolic antioxidant. Resveratrol provides excellent processing stability and the residual stability of PE containing it is exceptional. Because of its large efficiency, 400–500 ppm additive is sufficient to achieve adequate stability for practice. Resveratrol interacts with the secondary phosphorous stabilizer used in the study, and the effect is antagonistic; resveratrol performs better alone than in combination with PEPQ. Accordingly, this unusual effect must be taken into account during formulation and the construction of the actual additive package. Resveratrol is used in other industries, thus it is available in large quantities and relatively cheap. Besides its advantages, the natural antioxidant has some drawbacks, like its high melting temperature, limited solubility in polyethylene, and strong color of its reaction products. Nevertheless, resveratrol has great potential as a stabilizer in certain products.

A critical review of antioxidant potential and pharmacological applications of important Ficus species

The Ficus genus is universally recognized for its medicinal properties. This article aims to comprehensively review the antioxidant potential and pharmacological properties of some key Ficus species within the genus, regarding their natural antioxidants and pharmacological properties. An extensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases using keywords such as Ficus species, antioxidant activity, and pharmacological applications. This review revealed notable differences in antioxidant capacity among the selected Ficus species. Comparative studies within the review indicated that factors such as geographical location, extraction method, and specific part of the plant used, significantly influenced the antioxidant activity and phytochemical content. Among these, F. benghalensis, F. carica, and F. krishnae exhibited the highest antioxidant capacities. Regarding overall pharmacological effectiveness, the species that out were F. religiosa, F. carica, and F. elastica. In sum, Ficus species emerge as a promising source of natural antioxidants with substantial pharmacological potential. Future research should focus on clinical trials to validate their medicinal uses, exploring the mechanism of actions, and potential applications in developing novel therapeutic agents.

Biological conversion of red garlic (Allium sativum L) protein to bioactive peptides: ACE- DPP-IV inhibitory, and Techno-functional features

This study explores the impact of enzymolysis on the free amino acid content, techno-functional properties, free-radical scavenging, ACE, DPP-IV inhibition, iron-ion chelation and TBARS production in O/W emulsion stabilized with red garlic protein (RGP) and hydrolysates (RGPHs). The research reveals that enzymolysis time and pH significantly influence the amino acid content (antioxidant, hydrophobic, and essential ones), functional and biological quality of RGP/RGPHs. The study demonstrates that enzymolysis positively correlates with solubility (up to 90 %), health-promoting and antioxidant characteristics like DPPH (74.2 %), ABTS (81.3 %), OH (63.4 %), Reducing power (1.1 Abs700), NO (59.5 %), TAA (1.4 Abs695), ACE (71.9 %), DPP-IV (51.5 %) inhibitory, Fe2+ chelating (46.8 %) activity, and leading to reduced water/oil holding capacities, TBARS (from 0.61 to 0.38) value and lipid oxidation. However, extensive enzymatic hydrolysis (over 90 min) reduced emulsion and foaming abilities. On the other hand, the techno-functional properties of RGP and RGPHs exhibited a significant decline near the isoelectric point. This enhancement suggests that RGP could be used as a natural antioxidant with potential health benefits (antihypertensive and antidiabetic) in food and pharmaceutical formulations.

Evaluating the potential of soy protein isolate /alginate hydrogel as polyphenolic liposome carrier during gastrointestinal tract: A case study on sumac extract

Sumac seed is one of the best sources of polyphenolic compounds and natural antioxidants. This study was conducted to protect the polyphenolic compounds of sumac extract. For this purpose, the chemical composition of sumac extract (SE) was identified using LC-MS technique. Then sumac extract was trapped in liposomal structures and physicochemical properties were evaluated. The results showed that the size and specific surface areas of the liposomes influenced the entrapment efficiency of SE. The zeta potential of liposomes containing SE indicated stability between bioactive substances and liposome bilayers. In the next step, three ratios of soy protein isolate-alginate hydrogel (P1A3, P1A1, and P3A1) were applied to cover the liposome-SE. Furthermore, the flow behavior, surface morphological analysis, texture, and release of phenolic compounds from soy protein isolate-alginate hydrogels containing SE were investigated. Quantitative data showed variations in particle size, sphericity, and loading efficiency according to the SPI to ALG ratio. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the interactions between the components at a molecular level. This study provided valuable insights into the design and optimization of drug delivery systems and functional food ingredients, highlighting the complexities involved in the controlled release of bioactive substances.

Brain mitochondrial damage attenuation by quercetin and N-acetyl cysteine: peripheral and central antiemetic effects.

Nausea serves as a protective mechanism in organisms to prevent excessive consumption of toxic substances. Due to the adverse effects of chemical anti-nausea drugs, there is a growing interest in using herbal remedies and natural antioxidants. In this study, we evaluated the neuroprotective effects of quercetin (QU) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) against oxidative damage induced by nausea. Emesis was induced in chickens using ipecac and copper sulfate (600 and 60mg/kg, orally, respectively). QU and NAC (with doses of 50, 100, 200mg/kg), and their combination were administered, along with a standard therapy (metoclopramide; MET 2mg/kg) for one-time. Mitochondrial function, lipid peroxidation (LPO), protein carbonyl (PC), glutathione level (GSH), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) as oxidative damage biomarkers were evaluated in the chicken's brain mitochondria. QU and NAC significantly reduced emesis induced by copper sulfate and ipecac compared to the control group (P<0.001). Significant differences in oxidative damage were observed in the groups received of copper sulfate and ipecac compared with control group. Levels of LPO, ROS, and PC were significantly decreased after the administration of QU and NAC in emesis induced by copper sulfate and ipecac. While, mitochondrial function and GSH levels were increased after the administration of QU and NAC. Combination therapy with QU and NAC yielded the most effective results. This study suggests that QU and NAC possess antiemetic effects through both peripheral and central mechanisms and exhibit neuroprotective effects against oxidative brain damage induced by emesis by increasing plasma antioxidants or scavenging free radicals.

Impact of Pterostilbene on Lens Epithelial Cells from Cataract Model Rats

Lens epithelial cell (lEC) membrane is one of the pathological process of cataract. Sandalwood stilbene is a kind of non-flavonoid polyphenol extracted from blueberries, grapes and other berries. It is considered as a natural antioxidant through various related mechanisms. This study was to investigate the effect and mechanism of Rosewood astragalus on lEC in oxidative cataract rats, and to provide evidence for clinical cataract treatment. Grouping method: normal control group, model group (H2O2 induced cataract) and Zitan astragalus group. Lens turbidity was observed, LECs was isolated and cultured. MTT assay was used to detect LECs proliferation and Caspase-3 activity was used to detect LECs apoptosis. The expression of NF-κB pathway was analyzed. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected. The results showed that H2O2 significantly increased lens turbidity, enhanced Caspase-3 activity, inhibited LECs proliferation, increased NF-κB pathway expression, increased ROS activity, and decreased SOD activity (P &lt;0.05). Dansandalus stilbene had the effects of inhibiting NF-κB pathway expression, promoting LECs proliferation, decreasing Caspase-3 activity, decreasing ROS production and increasing SOD activity (P &lt; 0.05). In this study, it is suggested that Rosewood stilbene delaying the oxidation of traumatic cataract by anti-oxidation and apoptosis of LECs, and regulating cell proliferation, inhibiting the expression of NF-κB.

Anthocyanin Extraction from Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) Calyces: A Microwave-Assisted Approach Using Box-Behnken Design

Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) is a widely consumed edible flower, often utilized as a natural coloring agent. The bright red color of roselle is due to its anthocyanin content. Beyond their role as colorants, anthocyanins are known for their potent antioxidant properties, which have drawn significant interest for their potential health benefits. To fully harness the advantages of roselle's anthocyanins, developing a reliable extraction method is crucial. This study aimed to establish a fast, efficient, and environmentally friendly extraction technique using microwave-assisted extraction (MAE). Key factors, such as temperature (30, 65, and 100 °C), solvent concentration (30%, 50%, and 70% ethanol in water), and solvent-to-solid ratio (10:1, 25:1, 40:1), were optimized using the Box-Behnken design combined with response surface methodology. The extraction time (5-30 minutes) was also evaluated to maximize anthocyanin recovery. Two major anthocyanins, delphinidin-3-sambubioside and cyanidin-3-sambubioside, were identified using UHPLC-PDA-QToF-MS and quantified using a cyanidin-3-glucoside calibration curve. The optimal extraction conditions were found to be 72 °C, using 70% ethanol in water with a 40:1 solvent-to-solid ratio for 15 minutes. This method was validated with high accuracy (>98% recovery) and precision (CV <6%). It was successfully applied to quantify the anthocyanin content in both purple and red roselle varieties. This rapid and effective MAE method offers a more sustainable, energy-efficient, and time-saving alternative to conventional extraction methods, benefiting industries that rely on natural colorants and antioxidants.

Enhancement of ketocarotenoid production using the heterologous orange protein from Ipomoea batatas in indigenous microalga Ettlia sp.

Astaxanthin, one of the most powerful natural antioxidants, is used in high-value industries such as those of cosmetics, nutraceuticals, and food products derived from microalgae. In this study, Ettlia sp. mutants were generated by expressing two types of heterologous orange proteins, IbOr and IbOr-R96H, in which the 96th arginine of IbOr was substituted with histidine derived from Ipomoea batatas to enhance astaxanthin production. The Ett-IbOr-R96H mutant showed a 2.4-fold increase in β-carotene content compared to the wildtype (4.59 mg g−1DCW), reaching 10.82 mg g−1 under high-light conditions via two-phase cultivation. Under the stress treatment combination of high-light intensity and nitrogen deprivation, total carotenoid content increased to 17.24 mg L−1 and 21.94 mg L−1 in Ett-IbOr and Ett-IbOr-R96H, respectively. The astaxanthin and canthaxanthin contents in Ett-IbOr-R96H was 4.89 mg L−1 and 0.47 mg L−1, respectively, which were 1.8- and 1.5-fold higher, respectively, than those in Ett-IbOr. Additionally, photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm) recovered in Ett-IbOr-R96H under dual-stress conditions compared to the wildtype while reactive oxygen species levels decreased throughout the cultivation period. Our findings suggest that the heterologous IbOr expression in Ettlia sp. may be an effective approach for enhancing the production of ketocarotenoids and improving stress resistance for industrial applications.

Quercetin supplementation improved the growth and health of juvenile Chinese mitten crabs (Eriocheir sinensis) fed low-fishmeal diets

The substitution of fishmeal with plant proteins can induce oxidative stress in aquatic animals and impair their growth and health. Quercetin is a potent natural antioxidant, but its specific effects on the growth and health of Chinese mitten crabs, as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms, remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the impact of quercetin on the growth, physiological and biochemical parameters, gut microbiota, and transcriptome of juvenile Chinese mitten crabs (Eriocheir sinensis). Crabs (0.53 ± 0.01 g) were randomly divided into seven groups. One group was fed a diet containing normal fishmeal (35 % fishmeal), whereas the other six groups were fed diets containing low levels of fishmeal (15 % fishmeal) supplemented with different levels of quercetin (0, 250, 500, 1000, 2000, or 4000 mg/kg). Each group had four replicate tanks with 40 crabs per 300 L tank, and the experiment lasted for 56 days. The growth performance of the 35 % fishmeal group was significantly greater than that of the 15 % fishmeal group without quercetin. However, quercetin significantly increased the weight gain rate and specific growth rate of juvenile crabs, especially in the 1000 mg/kg quercetin group, where these rates exceeded those of the normal fishmeal group. The antioxidant capacity and immunity of the 35 % fishmeal group were significantly greater than those of the 15 % fishmeal group. However, quercetin supplementation promoted the antioxidant capacity and immunity of the crabs. Quercetin supplementation at 4000 mg/kg changed the gut microbiota structure by decreasing beneficial bacteria and increasing pathogenic bacteria. Quercetin supplementation enhanced the growth performance and antioxidant capacity of Chinese mitten crabs by increasing glutamate metabolism, pantothenic acid and Coenzyme A biosynthesis, sphingolipid metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, and cysteine and methionine metabolism. This study revealedthat dietary supplementation with quercetin can promote Chinese mitten crab growth, antioxidant capacity, and nonspecific immunity; improve gut morphology; and promote gut microbiota homeostasis. The optimal dietary concentration of 688–695 mg/kg is recommended on the basis of weight gain and specific growth rate analyses.

The SRC/NF-κB-AKT/NOS3 axis as a key mediator of Kaempferol's protective effects against oxidative stress-induced osteoclastogenesis.

Osteoclasts are integral to the advancement of osteoporosis (OP), and their generation under conditions of oxidative stress (OS) involves various pathways. However, the specific mechanism through which the natural antioxidant kaempferol (KAE) mitigates the influence of OS on osteoclasts remains somewhat uncertain. This study aims to evaluate the effect of KAE on osteoclast formation under OS and explore its possible mechanism. Zebrafish were used to observe the effects of KAE on OP and OS. OP and OS "double disease targets" network pharmacology were used to predict the action target and mechanism of KAE on OP under OS. The effects of KAE on osteoclast differentiation induced by OS were evaluated using RWA264.7 cells induced by LPS. To elucidate the potential mechanism, we detected the expression of related factors and target genes during induction. The presence of KAE exhibited potential in improving the conditions of OP and OS in zebrafish. KAE can reduce the OS of RAW 264.7 cells stimulated by LPS, inhibit the formation of osteoclasts, and change the level of related factors of OS, and reduce the increase of TRAP. The utilization of network pharmacology and target gene expression assay revealed that KAE exerted a down-regulatory effect on the expression of proto-oncogene tyrosine protein kinase (SRC), nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), Serine/Threonine Kinase-1 (AKT1), Nitric Oxide Synthase 3 (NOS3) and Matrix Metallopeptidase-2 (MMP2). Based on the results of this study, KAE may effectively mitigate OS and impede the formation of osteoclasts through the SRC/NF-κB-AKT/NOS3 axis.

Identification of Bioactive and Anticancer Properties of Bidens Pilosa in-vitro Evidence.

Bidens pilosa and Trianthema portulacastrum are noteworthy weeds with a series of bioactive flavonoid constituents, hence, they can be utilized as potential health supplements and readily available sources of natural antioxidants, as well as effective constituents in medicinal applications. The current study aims to assess the anti-proliferative activity of B. pilosa and T. portulacastrum extracts using the HepG2 cell line. Methods The prepared extracts were evaluated for their cytotoxic influence and their potential CC50 in HepG2 cell lines and normal hepatocytes using the MTT assay. Using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), the relative gene expression of Raf-1, MEK-1, LC3B, and Atg12 was quantified in treated cells to detect the expression levels of cell proliferation factors and autophagy-related genes. The quantification analysis of the released interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) and interleukin-1alpha (IL-1α) was also done using an ELISA assay. The activities of B. pilosa extract showed an anti-proliferative influence on HepG2 cell lines upon treatment as compared to normal cells. It was assessed for cytotoxicity using molecular studies against both Raf-1 and MEK-1 as proposed anticancer mechanisms and showed promising inhibitory activity against Raf-1 and MEK-1 gene expression. Likewise, the reduction of autophagy-related genes, Atg12 and LC3B, in HepG2 cells pre-treated with B. pilosa extract, further confirmed its influence in the induction of programmed cell death (PCD). The ELISA assay revealed a substantial elevation of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1α and IL-1β upon treatment. This study found that B. pilosa extract, without any detectable cytotoxic effects, had potential inhibitory activities against both Raf-1 and MEK-1 gene expression, and a significant reduction in autophagic machinery upon treatment.<br /><br />.

Unlocking the potential of pequi (caryocar brasiliense camb.): Stability of phenolic compounds, carotenoid profile and vitamin a after drying

Among the fruit species of the Brazilian cerrado is pequi (Caryocar brasiliense Camb.), recognized for its nutritional properties and profile of bioactive compounds. However, it is necessary to evaluate techniques that promote its stability, reducing the moisture content without degrading the content of natural antioxidants. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the drying of pequi pulp in an oven at different temperatures (40 °C and 55 °C), as well as determine its kinetics and influence on the content of bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity. The increase in temperature showed a reduction (∼50 %) of the drying time, from 720 min (40 °C) to 360 min (55 °C), with a final moisture content of approximately 39 %, which is the optimized condition of the process. (360 min – 55 °C). Drying at 55 °C showed better retention of carotenoids (β-carotene, α-carotene, and β-cryptoxanthin), especially β-carotene, an important precursor of vitamin A, with retention of approximately 57 %. The results for antioxidant capacity (ABTS and DPPH), total phenolic compounds, total phenolic acids and total flavonoids confirmed that a longer drying time resulted in greater degradation of bioactive compounds, even at lower temperatures. The profile of phenolic compounds of the sample subjected to drying under optimized conditions was identified by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MSn, which showed the presence of six phenolic acids, one isoprenoid plant hormone, nine flavonols, and one flavonoid. Optimizing pequi pulp drying in ovens, and controlling time and temperature, can significantly reduce energy expenditure. This practice not only meets the demands of the food industry but also increases the use of fruits from the cerrado, promoting the diversification and valorization of these products.

Chemical Composition, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Anacyclus maroccanus Ball. and Anacyclus radiatus Loisel. Essential Oils Against Multidrug Resistant Microbial Pathogens

Objective: The present study aimed to characterize the phytochemical composition, the antioxidant and antimicrobial potencies of two essential oils obtained from the Moroccan ecotypes A. maroccanus and A. radiatus. Methods: The chemical composition of EOs was analysed by means of Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy analysis (GC-MS); moreover, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and reducing power assays ware made to evaluate the antioxidant activity. In addition, disk diffusion method, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were employed to evaluate the antimicrobial activities against some resistant and pathogenic microorganism strains. Results: Results showed that the Anacyclus maroccanus and Anacyclus radiatus EOs were characterized by high amounts of oxygenated monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, along with radical scavenging and reducing properties. Furthermore, EOs exhibited marked antimicrobial effects against all the tested bacterial and fungal strains. Conclusion: The current findings suggest that EOs from Anacyclus maroccanus and Anacyclus radiatus Moroccan ecotypes are a promising source of natural antioxidants that could be used in the pharmaceutical industry, particularly against drug-resistant microbial strains.

Ovothiol-A Mitigates High-Fat Diet-Induced Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Rats

Background: Obesity is frequently linked to multiple comorbid and chronic illnesses, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, type 2 diabetes, cancer, and heart disease. Ovothiol-A is one of the most powerful natural antioxidants found in marine invertebrates like sea urchins. Objective: The current study aimed to investigate ovothiol-A's hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic potential in obese rats. Methods: All groups get a high-fat diet (HFD) for four weeks except for the control group. The control and HFD groups received distilled water, while the Ovothiol-A groups received two doses of Ovothiol-A (200 and 400 mg/kg orally) concurrent with HFD. Results: Weight gain, glucose, insulin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, alkaline phosphatase, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, malondialdehyde, and nitric oxide were all decreased after oral administration of Ovo at either the 200 or 400 mg/kg dose, while levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), glutathionereduced, catalase and glutathione-S-transferase increased. Histopathological alterations were less noticeable in the liver tissue of Ovothiol-A groups, with only a few vacuolated or pyknotic nuclei amongst a few dispersed hepatocytes. Conclusion: The current findings indicate that ovothiol-A protects against high-fat diet-induced fatty liver in rats. The anti-obesity mechanism of Ovothiol-A is associated with its hypolipidemic, hypoglycemic, and antioxidant properties.

Study the Effect of Aqueous Extract of Alfalfa a and Clove as Natural Antioxidant on Some Meat Quality Characteristics in Common Carp Cyprinus carpio

Study the Effect of Aqueous Extract of Alfalfa a and Clove as Natural Antioxidant on Some Meat Quality Characteristics in Common Carp Cyprinus carpio

Qualitative Traits and Antioxidant Properties of Blood Oranges Are Affected by the Genotype and the Climatic Conditions.

Blood oranges are increasingly cultivated worldwide as consumers become more aware of the health benefits of their nutraceutical properties and natural antioxidants, specifically polyphenols and anthocyanins. The amounts of these compounds in the fruit mostly depend on the cultivar, rootstock, maturity stage, and environmental conditions. This work focused on the study of the qualitative features of numerous blood orange cultivars grown in three different environments in Spain and Italy. The aim of the work was to investigate the accumulation of primary and secondary metabolites, including bioactive compounds, and to characterize fruit qualitative traits at the time of harvest. Simple sugars were identified and quantified by liquid chromatography and organic acids, polyphenols, and flavonoids by spectrophotometric analysis. The antioxidant potential of the juice was assessed by ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP assays. Cultivation area affected juice color, with Moro and T. Ippolito being the varieties with the highest pigmentation. The cultivation area also determined the pattern of primary and secondary metabolite accumulation in the Tarocco lines. Furthermore, the antioxidant potential was influenced by the diverse environments. Principal Component Analysis highlighted three clusters, two overlapping clusters for the varieties grown in the two Spanish plots and a third clearly separated cluster for the genotypes grown in Italy. This study provides novel knowledge on primary and secondary metabolite accumulation in blood oranges, elucidating the role of genotype and environmental conditions on fruit quality.