National Literature Research Articles

Strategies for Translating Tatar literature into Turkic languages: History and Current State

The article addresses the reality of artistic translation of Tatar literature into Turkic languages. It is emphasized that for many years, due to external sociopolitical factors, Tatar writers did not have a full-fledged opportunity to present works of national literature in Turkic languages. The relevance of this issue is linked to the practical necessity, as literary translation is one of the areas that serves the cause of rapprochement of peoples, the development of mutual understanding between nations and the dialog of cultures, which is extremely important for the development of the Russian ethno-cultural space, the establishment of cultural interrelations with the Turkic world. The activation of translation activity coincided with cardinal changes in the life of the country, was conditioned by socio-political and ethno-humanitarian attention to the ideology of kinship, linguistic and worldview closeness of the Turks. Based on a large amount of factual material, the main directions of artistic translation are investigated. It is concluded that Tatar literature is most intensively translated into Turkish. The authors of the article identified the works of the most actively translated into Turkish authors, traced the works of Tatar writers, which aroused interest among Turkic-speaking readers. A large number of books by Tatar writers have been published in Turkey. Special attention is paid to the personality of the translator, some historical and cultural contexts of the emergence of Tatar-Turkish translation projects are analyzed.The realities and current state of Tatar-Kazakh and Tatar-Azerbaijani literary translations are also considered. Tatar-Bashkir translations are analyzed as an important aspect of intercultural communication. With all the similarity of two closely related languages and literary traditions, the necessity of cultural interaction of this format is obvious for the national writing community. The conclusions are made that the study of activity, genre diversity of works translated into Turkic languages will allow to build further strategies in the field of literary translation, planning and purposeful development of this direction of creative activity, as well as actualization of the issue of training in this field. It is emphasized that the intensification of artistic translations contributes to a significant renewal of figurative languages of literature, the expansion of its cultural boundaries and aesthetic reference points.

Ralph Ellison Travels to Denmark: Invisible Man/Usynlig Mand and the World Location of American Literature

This essay argues that the Danish translation of Invisible Man (1952), Ralph Ellison’s prize-winning debut novel, offers a set of spatiotemporal coordinates with which the world location of postwar American literature can be mapped. By reconstructing how Invisible Man was received both in the United States and Denmark, I show that the evaluative criteria by which the novel was judged to be a valuable work of art breaks down the geographical delimitation of national literatures. To that effect, the construction of the author figure “Ralph Ellison” was contingent upon his fiction conforming to criteria of evaluation formalized by cultural institutions such as newspapers, universities, and literary prizes. These criteria were often derived from aesthetic principles associated with European modernism, and they come into full view in my reconstruction of Invisible Man’s publication and (Danish) translation history. I conclude that the residue of Invisible Man’s paratextual apparatus which has survived to this day, as well as the global connections this residue signifies, exposes the discursive construction of a nationally specific American literature as an ideological fiction, not a material fact.

ПЕРІОДО-ОРІЄНТОВАНА РЕТРАНСЛЯЦІЯ: ЗМІНИ В МАКРОСТРАТЕГІЇ ПЕРЕКЛАДУ УКРАЇНОМОВНОЇ ПРОЗИ, НАПИСАНОЇ МІЖ 1918 І 1939 РОКАМИ

Tendencies in the macrostrategies (domestication and foreignization) concerning translation receive signifi cant attention from the translation studies scholars. A common assumption is that domestication typically precedes all forms of foreignization during the translation of the same literary texts. The main goal of this article is to analyze theoretical material regarding this topic and off er an analysis of the outlined assumption from the standpoint of English translations of Ukrainian prose aimed at the 1918–1939 period. The analysis of the theoretical and practical materials allows proclaiming that the assumptions regarding the transition from domestication to foreignization with the development of national literature are incorrect. Instead, translation macrostrategies change on the basis of objective factors such as ideology. More importantly, they are visible in the case of diverging prose texts with similar ideological topics. Key words: macrostrategy, censorship, retranslation, culture, domestication, foreignization.

Digital natives in the scientific literature: A topic modeling approach

The term “digital natives” was introduced in 2001 to describe a generation that has grown up surrounded by technology and the internet. The accompanying claims of a new way of thinking among digital natives were influential in shaping educational policy. Still, they were challenged by research that found no evidence of generation-wide cognitive changes in learners. Yet, the digital natives narrative persists in popular media and the education discourse. This study set out to investigate the reasons for the persistence of the digital native myth. It analyzed the metadata from 1886 articles related to the term between 2001 and 2022 using bibliometric methods and structural topic modeling. The results show that the concept of “digital native” is still both warmly embraced and fiercely criticized by scholars mostly from western and high income countries, and the volume of research on the topic is growing. However, the results suggest that what appears as the persistence of the idea is actually evolution and complete reinvention: The way the “digital native” concept is operationalized has shifted over time through a series of (metaphorical) mutations. The concept of digital native is one (albeit a highly successful) mutation of the generational gap discourse dating back to the early 1900s. While the initial digital native literature relied on Prensky's unvalidated claims and waned upon facing empirical challenges, subsequent versions have sought more nuanced interpretations. Notably, a burgeoning third mutation now co-opts the “digital native” terminology for diverse purposes, often completely decoupled from the foundational literature and its critiques. This study explains the concept's persistence as dynamic evolution of the digital native discourse in contemporary academic and public spheres.

SOCIAL PROFILES OF TURKISH CHILDREN AND YOUTH LITERATURE AUTHORS

When examined the national and international literature, there are very few studies on the social profiles of the artists working in the fields of children and youth literature. The scarcity of existing studies in the field in terms of quantity has been the starting point for this study. In this study, the profiles of 577 authors in Hasan Latif Sarıyüce's encyclopedia of Turkish children's and youth literature were examined in terms of gender, date and place of birth, educational status, father's profession, own profession, literary genre, the number of awards they received, and foreign expansion variables. The study was qualitative, and the data were analyzed using content analysis technique. According to the results obtained in the study, it is evident that the number of authors who wrote works in the field increased after the Republic period. The gender role of most authors was male. The artists were mainly born in the western provinces of Turkey. The fathers of the artists were mostly soldiers, teachers, and members of parliament. When the professions of the artists are examined, it is seen that they are mostly teachers, authors, and civil servants. It has been seen that artists mostly produce poems, stories, and novels. Few artists in the field have received awards. The number of authors whose works have been translated into foreign languages is also very low. Some suggestions are presented based on the findings obtained from the study.

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF KOREAN LITERATURE

The literature of each nation goes through various processes that affect its stages of formation and development. These factors, of course, reflect the nation's literature. In this article, all stages of the development of Korean literature are studied in detail, and the factors that contributed to it are discussed in detail.

Management Control – a Performance Tool for Trading Entities

In order to ensure efficient management within any entity, it is reasonable to introduce a management and control system covering all its areas of activity. Therefore, management control applied at entity level is not just an important process of knowledge and information, but also, a support in the approach of quick and efficient decision-making. In this study, the concept of management control under performance conditions, its classification and position in the entity’s managerial hierarchy, as well as the research of modern systems of entity performance evaluation were examined. As a methodological support in carrying out the present research, the national and international literature was used, as well as the bibliometric analysis allowing the interpretation of the evolution and impact of scientific research regarding the chosen research topic.

The theory of Chinese narrative prose in the early twentieth century.

The subject of the study is critical articles by Chinese writers and literary theorists of the early twentieth century. They are dedicated to ways of transforming traditional literature. The object of the study is the evolution of the views of Wang Guowei, Lu Xun, Hu Shi, Yu Dafu, who in the process of creating modern Chinese literature (Xiandai Wenxue) set tasks for the national intelligentsia. The article proves that the interpretation of the main constants of modern Chinese literature was based on the ideas of Western, primarily German and English literary criticism and aesthetics. The article pays special attention to the discussion between Lu Xun and Hu Shi on the issue of the ideological position of writers, and Yu Dafu's articles on the role of the reception of Western aesthetics. The research methodology is based on the theoretical principles of historical-literary, historical-cultural, historical-functional, comparative-historical analysis. Elements of intertextual and receptive approaches are used. The main conclusion of the study is that the transition from the literary language of classical Confucian monuments (wenyan) to the spoken language (baihua) has become an important vector for Chinese literary theorists. However, their views on the future of modern national literature differed. Lu Xun insisted that the future of literature depended on the class affiliation of the literati. Yu Dafu believed that writers should use the experience of the best prose writers of classical literature in Western countries, and also take into account the literary inclinations of readers. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that for the first time in Russian Sinology, a comparative analysis of critical articles by prominent Chinese writers and literary theorists becomes the object of study.

The system of comparisons in the works of Even poets

The article is devoted to the issue of the system of comparisons used in the language of Even poetry. The paper provides a list of means of expressing comparisons, distinguished from the positions of "subject", "predicate" and "argument". In order to develop a universal comprehensive model for studying the technique of poetic comparison as a component of the poet's style, we conducted observations on the language of poetic works by Even poets Nikolai Tarabukin, Platon Lamutsky, Andrei Krivoshapkin, Evdokia Bokova and Varvara Arkuk. The obtained material allows, first of all, to clarify the list of means of expressing poetic comparison. Analyzing the material on this topic, we came to the conclusion that comparisons help the poet convey the feeling and mood of the lyrical hero, create a poetic text mainly, such an approach performs such an important function as aesthetic. When classifying examples, we rely on the original Even language and the main research methods are semantic-stylistic, contextual, classification, and also use field methodology. The methodology uses the works of A.N. Veselovsky, A. A. Potebni, B. V. Tomashevsky. The novelty of this article is determined by the fact that Even poetry is one of the young literatures of the national literature of the Russian Federation. The means of enhancing the visual expressiveness of speech, the comparison used by the Even poets, reveal the art of the original culture of the Evens and the wonderful flair of the native Even language. Comparison is a universal cognitive structure where a person learns about the world around them. In Even poetry, the authors, revealing the picture of the world of the North and the Arctic, using a comparison, showed a special artistic perception. The North and the Arctic remain the space that was mastered by the northern peoples and they created a circumpolar culture where the world of people and nature are harmonious. In the poetry of the Even poets, we have identified some noteworthy comparisons that create their own special artistic poetic language.

S.G. Chavain's novel "Elnet": the unity of the Mari language, folklore and traditions

The article contains an analysis of the genre content and poetics of the novel "Elnet" by the classic of Mari literature Sergey Grigoryevich Chavain in the unity of the Mari language, folklore and cultural traditions of the Mari people. The work is considered as a "linguistic metaphor", in the context of ideological issues of the epoch, as an intellectual novel in the Mari national literature. The author's concept associated with the archetypal image of the Elnet River, symbolically placed in the title of the work, is revealed, its connection with the writer's ideological plan, as well as with the Mari national and world cultural tradition, its literary and artistic context is revealed. Considerable attention is paid in the article to the consideration of this image as an expression of the traditional ancestral faith, the core of which is the worship of nature and the cultivation of the human in man in the bosom of the "accommodating and nurturing landscape" (the term of Lev Gumilev). The article is devoted to a comprehensive and interdisciplinary study of the classic novel of Mari literature. The content of the actual literary text of the novel is considered in a broad socio-cultural context, through the prism of the mythological, philosophical, and aesthetic views of the Mari people. 3. The article proves that the name of Sergei Grigoryevich Chavain is one of the most fateful for the Mari nation; the author of the novel "Elnet" was concerned about the state of the intellectual and cultural status of the nation, its world–building horizon; the writer remains today a "singer of the people", a vivid symbol of national life. For the first time in regional science, the question is raised about the main levels of the Mari world created in the novel "Elnet" by Sergei Grigoryevich Chavain, vividly traced in the title image – the image of Elnet; they are defined in the article as follows: 1) Elnet as a tributary of the Volga, one of the most beautiful rivers in the territory of the Mari territory; 2) Elnet as the motherland, the Ecumene; 3) Elnet as the "golden" world of wonderful Mari songs; 4) Elnet as the prophetic Path of the Mari people. The story of Mari, understood by S. Chavain, is a Road leading into the distance behind an open door, at the same time it is a spiritual process fueled by a rich cultural heritage, currents of the present, and a dream of accomplishment.

Najat El Hachmi’s trajectory as a writer

The canons of current national literatures are influenced by new perspectives introduced by the changes taking place in a new transnational world order. The experience of migration in Catalonia implies significant changes in identity, a topic that leads to reflection on the literary identity of a land, the nationality of authors, and gender issues. The aim of this article is to provide a brief outline of the themes in Najat El Hachmi’s works (Nador, Morocco, 1979), underlining the identity problem that affects second-generation migrants to Spain alongside the ongoing struggle for gender equality.

고전문학 대중화를 위한 인문서 출간의 한 방법

The reason for inheriting classics today is because classics are valuable. There has been a great endeavor to inherit classics today, and it will be continued in many different methods. This article specifically examined the methods of spreading classics through publishing of essay books.
 Through this, it was confirmed that the value of classics is the nature of literature itself. So, we should be able to write an classic novel itself. Nevertheless publication has its own commercial viability.
 Therefore, it was clarified that the inheritance of classics should aim for inclusive extension by embracing ourselves and everything around that classics had. We must be focused that classic’s totality more than unessential things such as what is real, what is more valuable and what should we do, or what we would do. Naturally what is important that explanation of classic is needed, learn a lesson through the text are good, intellectual play is inevitable inevitable and so on. But how and what classic novels had been is more important than.
 Thus, the inheritance of classics should be accomplished with the effort to find genuineness of ourselves and the true value of classics in addition to the studies of our classics’ authenticity and endeavor to inherit them.
 Finally we should listen to what classics said. Since this is the proper function of literature and the meaning of its existence.

The Role of INTERPOL in the European Integrated Border Management

Aim: The study focuses on how the cooperation between the EU and INTERPOL fits into the European integrated border management system, how it contributes to the effectiveness of external border management, and what challenges it faces.Methodology: The paper examines cooperation from the perspective of European integrated border management, drawing on relevant international and national literature on the topic.Findings: By examining this cooperation, the author demonstrates that the relationship between INTERPOL and the EU border administration is vital to enhancing the EU’s ability to effectively manage its borders. INTERPOL provides valuable intelligence, training and operational support to EU Member States in the fight against terrorism, organised crime and other transnational threats. Cooperation contributes significantly to improving border management practices, strengthening cross-border cooperation and ensuring the safety and security of EU citizens.Value: The study presents the relationship between INTERPOL and the EU border management agencies through the European integrated border management model and highlights the challenges involved.

THE ROLE OF INVESTMENT FINANCING IN THE OPERATION OF A OIL REFINERY

This paper analyses the comprehensive investment framework for the restructuring of the oil refining sector in Ukraine. The purpose of the study is to identify priority areas, strategies and policies to facilitate structural transformation, increase competitiveness and promote economic growth in the sector. Methodology. The research is based on a comprehensive review of national and international literature on investment strategies in the oil refining industry. It uses a qualitative approach to analyse the critical components of an effective investment framework, including technological, financial, institutional and policy aspects. In addition, the study considers case studies and empirical evidence to validate the proposed strategies. Results. The study outlines a multifaceted approach to investment in the oil refining complex, based on a unified classification of high-tech goods and an industrial development strategy aligned with national interests. It advocates public-private partnerships and the implementation of national projects as key mechanisms for promoting industrial restructuring. Furthermore, the study emphasises the importance of reducing investment risks and optimising depreciation funds by introducing higher depreciation rates and incentives for high-tech enterprises. It recommends preferential financing tailored to the specific characteristics of the industry and structural modernisation. The research also examines alternative sources of investment, such as joint investment institutions and venture funds, and stresses the need for an enabling legal environment and investor protection. It emphasises the role of the foreign trade aspect of government policy in reducing tariffs on high-tech products and providing political and economic support for industry exports. The paper recognises the importance of regional policies in creating a favourable investment climate and advocates the establishment of industrial parks and innovation clusters tailored to regional specificities. This study provides a comprehensive investment framework to support the structural transformation of Ukraine's oil refining complex. By implementing the strategies and principles outlined here, Ukraine can facilitate economic growth, enhance its competitiveness in the global market and ensure the sustainable development of its oil refining industry.

Artistic Aesthetics of English Idioms of Onomastic Nature

The article describes the ethnic and individual impact factors on the formation of conceptually linguistic picture of the world which works as a connecting primary phenomenon of every separate nationality, a marker of a national language, traditions, culture and literature. The subject of the research includes English idioms with an onomastic component, which ethnic identity is genetically determined by different strands: geographic and climate environment (natural landscape, pidsonnia (climate), natural disasters, flora, fauna), historical and social factors (economic activity (farming), occupation, relationship with the neighbours, social and political forms), mentally unique features of a national character. Phraseological units have become the ground for developing a phraseological picture of the world of the English ethnicity as an owner of an original outlook. The structure and semantics of these idioms comprise both the names connected with the England lands, and those that go far beyond its boundaries; it depends on the spreading area of a separate variant of the English language and its world significance. The key phraseological units of the English language contain toponyms (place names, proper names of geographical objects), anthroponyms (proper names of people). Thus, this study presents the other idiom groups as well. Toponyms of mythological, biblical and historical origin are the most spread among them. Sometimes English phraseological units comprise ethnonyms-componets to indicate the names of the nationalities, which representatives have contancted with an English cultural community one way or another. A specific typeof idioms is presented by the phraseological units of literary origin of the works of outstanding creative individuals. Shakespearisms make the largest group. Most of the studied idioms reflect ethnic and psychological peculiarities of a community, its national and cultural specififcs, demonstrate the sample of high artistic aesthetics.

The Successful Replacement of Aortic Valve and Ascending Aorta in Patients with Type A Aortic Dissection in the Postpartum Period. The Analysis of Literature and Demonstration of Own Observations

Abstract. Aortic dissection is a rupture of the inner layer of the aorta with subsequent penetration of blood into the degeneratively altered middle layer with the formation of false lumen and true lumen. Pregnancy is one of the risk factors for the development of aortic dissection. The incidence of aortic dissection during pregnancy is only 0.0004% of cases.Aim of the study. To analyze national and foreign literature, as well as share own clinical observations in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with aortic dissection in the postpartum period.Material and methods. Two patients after successful childbirth, in the late postpartum period, were admitted with a diagnosis of aortic dissection type A according to Stanford.CT angiography confirmed the presence of Stanford type A aortic dissection. After additional examination, surgical treatment was performed to replace the aortic valve and ascending aorta under artificial circulation, with a satisfactory clinical result.Conclusion. The diagnosis of aortic dissection should be considered in all pregnant women with chest pain, as this condition often goes undiagnosed.The pregnancy period is one of the risk factors for the development of aortic dissection with a high mortality rate. The likelihood of developing aortic dissection in women at risk peaks in the third trimester and the first 12 weeks after delivery.The risk group should include women with confirmed syndromic and non-syndromic genetic diseases, bicuspid aortic valve, coarctation of the aorta, or at least one major criterion indicating the presence of aortopathy (ectopia lentis, aortic aneurysm, habitus, genetic testing).If Marfan syndrome is present, surgical intervention should be considered if the maximum aortic diameter is more than 4.5 cm before pregnancy. In women with Marfan syndrome and aortic dissection in the family history, as well as in the presence of more aggressive genetic diseases (Loeys-Dietz syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome), it is possible to consider preventive surgical treatment for an aortic diameter of 4.0 cm or more.The delivery in high-risk patients is recommended to be performed in a hospital that has a cardiac surgery service and an “aortic” team.

Prevalence of Painful Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy Among Saudi Patients With Diabetes in Al Ahsa: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background and aim Diabetic neuropathy is one of the most common long-term complications of diabetes. A frequent presentation of neuropathy is painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy (PDPN), which is associated with morbidity and disability among patients with diabetes. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of PDPN and its associated factors among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) attending primary healthcare (PHC) in Al Ahsa. Methodology A cross-sectional study was conducted on patients with diabetes atNational GuardPHCclinicsin Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.An interview-administeredquestionnaire was usedto collect information about clinicodemographic characteristics, and the Douleur Neuropathique-4 (DN4) questionnaire was used to identify the presence of PDPN. Results A total of 342 patients with T2DM were included. The prevalence of PDPN was 29.8%. Patients' ages ranged from 25-70 years, with a mean age of 48.5 ± 12.3 years. The majority were female (118, 52.6%), with obesity detected among 115 (33.6%) individuals. Significant predictors of PDPN included noncompliance to treatment (odds ratio [OR] = 5.9, P = 0.001), female gender (OR = 3.5, P = 0.001), presence of other comorbidities (OR = 1.7, P = 0.001), and diabetes duration exceeding 15 years (OR = 1.5, P = 0.001). Conclusions This study revealed that PDPNwas frequent among patients with diabetes in Al Ahsa, which was at an intermediate frequency relative to reported national and global literature levels. Identifying patients who are at high risk and implementing timely interventions are crucial.

STUDYING THE VALUE OF CHINESE POETRY OF THE TAY PEOPLE

Tay ethnic minority group has a long and rich treasure of literature in Chinese and Southern characters. Besides the literature written in Southern characters, their literature in Chinese characters is also highly appreciated. Many medieval and modern writers have left behind valuable poems in terms of content as well as art. Nature love, compatriotism, family love, couple love, friendship love, teacher-student love, ethical and humane lifestyle, pride in the nation's traditional culture... are prominent contents in the Tay ethnic minority group’s poetry in Chinese characters. It has developed along with the general development of the national literature and contributed to increasing the value of Vietnamese literature.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0051/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

The Mediating Effect of Filipino Language Orientation toward Language Attitude and Active Learning of the Learners

Aims: This research aims to determine the mediating effect of Filipino Language orientation towards language attitude and active learning of the learners.
 Study Design: Quantitative non-experimental design.
 Place and Duration of the Study: The study was conducted among Senior High School students in HOLY CHILD College of Davao, particularly on 3 campuses: Mintal, Jacinto, and Cabantian during the school year 2022-2023.
 Methodology: The respondents were 261 senior high school students from private schools in Davao City, Region 11, Philippines. The respondents were chosen using stratified sampling. The data was collected using survey questionnaires. The data analysis was done by mean, Pearson correlational coefficient and Path analysis.
 Results: The results revealed that the level of language attitude was high and the level of active learning of the learners was very high. Additionally, the level of Filipino Language orientation is also high. There was a significant relationship between language attitude and active learning, language attitude and Filipino Language orientation, and Filipino Language orientation and active learning.
 Conclusion: Therefore, there is a partial mediation of Filipino Language orientation toward language attitude and active learning of the learners. Therefore, the researcher recommends that to enhance the language attitude and Filipino Language orientation of the students, they can participate in competitions related to Filipino Language like National Language Month and National Literature Month. Additionally, teachers should provide an interactive experience to the students in teaching of Filipino like audiolingual method, community language learning, language scaffolding, Socratic discussion and others.

CRITICAL RACIAL LITERACY AWARENESS THROUGH AMERICAN LITERATURE: APPLYING THE SYNECTICS MODEL

This study is aimed at describing the literature learning process through a Synectics Gordon teaching model in a class of Literary Appreciation. It is projected to promote literacy through implied and embedded values, particularly in regard to critical racial literacy through Asian American literature. This case study involves a lecturer and students in a Literary Appreciation course in an English department. The data were collected through observations and interviews. The implemented stages of the Synectics teaching model are: Describing the topic, Describing personal analogies, Identifying compressed conflicts, and Re-examining the original topic. Due to the time constraint, only one stage—Creating a new direct analogy—was elicited. The results suggest that the reading strategies i.e., shared reading aloud and visualization, enhanced students’ understanding of the story and elicit powerful emotions about the literary work. The findings of the study also imply that Gordon's Synectics model aids in raising students' awareness of racism and other associated social issues by allowing them to put themselves in the shoes of persons from various racial origins. Implementing the same method, this study recommends adapting local/ national literature in varied classrooms.