Native Cotton Research Articles

Socioeconomic and Cultural Impacts of Native Cotton Cultivation in the Amazonian Communities of Alto Urubamba, La Convencion-Cusco Province, Peru

In the native Amazonian communities, there is a significant biodiversity of cotton varieties, where traditional agricultural practices are preserved, crucial for cultural identity and local economic livelihood. This study examines the socioeconomic and cultural impacts of native cotton cultivation in the Amazonian communities of Alto Urubamba, La Convención-Cusco, Peru. Through a structured survey encompassing eight dimensions—general data, family and household, housing and services, education, economy and work, perspectives and challenges, and community participation—data was collected from residents of the Koribeni, Poyentimari, and Chacopishiato communities, particularly artisans involved in cotton-related activities. The analysis revealed agriculture as the primary income source, with 94.1% of Chacopishiato, 100% of Koribeni, and 61.1% of Poyentimari respondents depending on it. Participation in native cotton activities varied, with 52.9% in Chacopishiato, 88.2% in Koribeni, and 33.3% in Poyentimari. Common challenges include limited access to quality seeds (68.8% in Chacopishiato) and a need for technical knowledge (100% in Koribeni and Poyentimari). Correlation analysis showed significant associations between the study’s dimensions. Variations in community perceptions and knowledge about cotton cultivation suggest the need for targeted interventions. This research underscores the importance of sustainable development strategies that integrate traditional agricultural practices, preserve biodiversity, and enhance community resilience in the region.

Deciphering the fiber quality of Gossypium barbadense L. var. brasiliensis in La Convención, Cusco, Perú

BackgroundThe quality of cotton fiber determines its value in the textile market, influencing agricultural profitability and the efficiency of textile processing. The selection of genotypes with superior fibers is a key factor for genetic improvement programs seeking adaptability and sustainability in the face of climate change. This demonstrates the strategic importance of this plant for sustainable agriculture and the global textile industry. The objective of this research was to decipher the fiber quality of Gossypium barbadense var. brasiliensis in the native Amazonian communities of La Convención, Cusco-Perú, and to evaluate other critical aspects of native cotton that have not yet been identified. The methodology included non-probability sampling for accessibility, qualitative and quantitative analyses, and multivariate analyses. The fiber length (mm), micronaire index (maturity/fineness), fiber strength (gf/tex), length uniformity index (%), fiber elongation (%), maturation index (%), and short fiber index (%) were the fiber characteristics evaluated using the HVI method in cotton genotypes.ResultsCotton accessions collected from Koribeni (Gossypium spp.) and Shivankoreni (Gossypium barbadense var. brasiliensis) stood out for their fiber quality properties, especially length, strength, and uniformity, which highlights their relevance for advanced textile applications and potential for use in plant genetic improvement programs.ConclusionThese findings reinforce the need to conserve and study these native cotton accessions from the Peruvian Amazon region, which can offer promising perspectives for the textile industry and agricultural biodiversity.

Digital Skills for the Entrepreneurship of Artisan Women Linked to the Native Cotton Line from Mórrope - 2022

Tourism as a social, cultural and economic phenomenon, nowadays in the 21st century, has an impact on the economy of the places that have tourist attractions and that manage to develop platforms of digital tourist services, according to the situation, for the benefit of visitors in such a way that allows a better experience of the visit and a growth of the influx of visitors. This research, which aims to strengthen digital skills for entrepreneurship of women artisans, will be framed in a descriptive type of research, non-experimental design, and the population will be made up of artisan women linked to the native cotton line from Mórrope. In the research it was concluded that, according to the evaluation of digital skills, in their different dimensions, there was evidence of a low qualification of artisan women entrepreneurs in Mórrope in general. They showed little initiative to undertake projects related to information technologies because of the little knowledge they had about them. Therefore, digital skills are considered essential for success in entrepreneurship and it is important that women have access to education and training in technology to develop those skills.
 
 Received: 7 September 2023 / Accepted: 20 December 2023 / Published: 5 January 2024

Effect of chemical modification of cotton cellulose by anthranilic acid on the sorption of Cu(II) and Fe(II) ions

The authors modified cotton cellulose with anthranilic acid to obtain a new sorbent capable of efficient extraction of heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions. We conducted the modification in two stages: at the first stage, we obtained dialdehyde cellulose by oxidation of cellulose with sodium metaperiodate; at the second stage, we treated dialdehyde cellulose with anthranilic acid to obtain a ready-made sorbent. The authors determined the optimum conditions for modifying cotton cellulose to achieve maximum sorption of iron(II) and copper(II) ions. We studied the equilibrium-kinetic characteristics of the original and modified cotton cellulose. Also, we have processed the results of the kinetic experiment within the framework of pseudo-first- and pseudo-second-order kinetics models. We selected sorption isotherms, processed them within the framework of the Langmuir model, and determined the values of the ultimate sorption capacity (A∞). The modification of cotton cellulose enables to increase its sorption capacity significantly. According to the results, the A∞ of the modified sorbent is about 4-5 times higher than the ultimate sorption capacity of native cotton cellulose to Cu(II) and Fe(II) ions. In contrast, we obtained and compared the IR spectra of anthranilic acid-modified cellulose and native cellulose. Additionally, we obtained SEM images of the modified sorbent and the native cotton cellulose surface structure.

Virtual Educational Intervention of Craftswomen Working with Native Peruvian Cotton during COVID-19 for Reactivating the Artisian Tourism

The pandemic has significantly affected the tourism sector worldwide; however, craftswomen are a vulnerable group that has been affected economically by this crisis. This research evaluated the level of compliance with preventive measures before and after carrying out the virtual educational intervention for craftswomen working with native cotton in the Lambayeque Region, Peru. The methodology applied was a pilot study, quasi-experimental, without a control group. The population consisted of 30 craftswomen from the populated areas of La Raya–Túcume, Pómac III-Pitipo and Jotoro-Jayanca. SPSS Statistics v25 was used for data processing. The χ2 test was used in order to evaluate the variation before and after the intervention. The correlational findings demonstrate that after applying the virtual educational intervention, it is sufficient to apply specific measures in the first (before) and second stage (during) to obtain a higher result in compliance with the general level of the regulations against COVID-19. It is concluded that the virtual educational intervention for the craftswomen has generated awareness, impacting the care of their personal health, their family and their community, as well as being prepared for the reactivation of tourism.

Gossypium purpurascens genome provides insight into the origin and domestication of upland cotton

IntroductionAllotetraploid upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is native to the Mesoamerican and Caribbean regions, had been improved in the southern United States by the mid-eighteenth century, was then dispersed worldwide. However, a Hainan Island Native Cotton (HIC) has long been grown extensively on Hainan Island, China. ObjectivesExplore HIC’s evolutionary relationship and genomic diversity with other tetraploid cottons, its origin and whether it was used for YAZHOUBU (Yazhou cloth, World Intangible Cultural Heritage) weaving, and the role of structural variations (SVs) in upland cotton domestication. MethodsWe assembled a high-quality genome of one HIC plant. We performed phylogenetic analysis, divergence time estimation, principal component analysis and population differentiation estimation using cotton assemblies and/or resequencing data. SVs were detected by whole-genome comparison. A F2 population was used for linkage analysis and to study effects of SVs. Buoyancy and salt water tolerance tests for seeds were conducted. ResultsWe found that the HIC belongs to G. purpurascens. G. purpurascens is best classified as a primitive race of G. hirsutum. The potential for long range transoceanic dispersal of G. purpurascens seeds was proved. A set of SVs, selective sweep regions between G. hirsutum races and cultivars, and quantitative trait loci (QTLs) of eleven agronomic traits were obtained. SVs, especially large-scale SVs, were found to have important effects on cotton domestication and improvement. Of them, eight large-scale inversions strongly associated with yield and fiber quality have probably undergone artificial selection in domestication. ConclusionG. purpurascens including HIC is a primitive race of G. hirsutum, probably disperse to Hainan from Central America by floating on ocean currents, may have been partly domesticated, planted and was likely used for YAZHOUBU weaving in Hainan much earlier than the Pre-Columbian period. SV plays an important role in cotton domestication and improvement.

Interspecific Competition between Invasive Spodoptera frugiperda and Indigenous Helicoverpa armigera in Maize Fields of China

Since the fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda invaded China, it has coexisted in maize fields with the native cotton bollworm (CBW) Helicoverpa armigera, but the population dynamics and competitive mechanisms between the two pests are not well understood. We evaluated interspecific competition between FAW and CBW by analyzing their bidirectional predation in the laboratory, survival rates when their larvae co-infested the same maize plant, and the population dynamics of both in the same maize field. In the predation tests, FAW and CBW larvae preyed on each other. However, the theoretical maximum predation of sixth-instar FAW larvae preying on first–second-instar CBW larvae was 71.4 and 32.3 individuals, respectively, while that of CBW was 38.5 and 28.6 individuals. The field co-infestation trials showed that the older larvae had a higher survival rate when the two pests co-infested the same maize plants, but young larval survival was higher for FAW than CBW. In the maize field from 2019 to 2021 in southern Yunnan, FAW populations were significantly higher than those of CBW. Our findings suggested that FAW larvae had a predation advantage over CBW, which might be an important reason for its dominance in Chinese maize fields. This result provides a scientific basis for developing a monitoring technology and for the integrated management of pests in invaded habitats of FAW.

Dispersion Analysis studies in Desi Cotton (Gossypium arboreum L.) based on Wilk’s Criteria and Canonical Vectors

Gossypium arboreum is a native cotton species of India. It is cultivated from extreme north of Punjab to Kanyakumari in the south and Assam in the east to Kutch (Gujarat) in the west of country. G.arboreum genotypes matures in 150 to 180 days and is usually having coarse and short fibred and has high degree of resistance to diseases and insect pests and is very valuable germplasm resources and have great export value. The investigation for fifty-eight desi cotton (Gossypium arboreum L.) genotypes was undertaken to estimate the degree of divergence among the fifty eight genotypes of desi cotton and thereby to identify potential and diverse genotypes for their utilization in hybridization program based on wilk’s criteria and canonical vectors. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences among fifty eight genotypes collected from different cotton growing states in respect of all the twelve morphological characters under study indicating the presence of substantial degree of variability. The canonical root analysis revealed about 80.19 per cent of the total variation was accounted by the first six canonical roots. In root I seed cotton yield per plant, in root II initial plant stand, in root III lint index, in root IV boll weight, in root V number of monopodia per plant and in root VI plant height were important sources of divergence. Among twelve characters studied, seed cotton yield per plant (g) contributed maximum towards divergence followed by initial plant stand, ginning percent, seed index and number of bolls per plant, indicating that yield and yield contributing characters contributed maximum towards divergence. Key words: Canonical roots, D2 analysis, Desi Cotton, Genetic divergence, G. arboreum.

Full ultraviolet shielding potency of highly durable cotton via self- implantation of palladium nanoclusters

AbstractUnique technique is currently demonstrated for preparation of ultraviolet protective cotton fabrics with full shielding effect, via self-implantation of palladium (Pd) nanoclusters. Palladium nanoclusters were in-situ immobilized within native and cationized cotton using two different concentrations of palladium precursor (20 and 60 mM) under strong acidic (pH 2) and basic (pH 11.5) media. Cationization (50 and 100%) of cotton fabrics was performed in order to increase the accessibility of fabric for controllable implantation of palladium nanoclusters. Size distribution of palladium nanoclusters in supernatant solution was estimated via Transmission electron microscopy to be 3.2 nm. The estimated data showed that the sample prepared with the highest cationization percent and highest concentration of palladium precursor in strong alkaline medium exhibited the highest yellowness index, color strength and excellent ultraviolet shielding effects. The yellowness index was significantly increased from 15.67 for cationized cotton to 74.99 for the sample prepared with the highest cationization percent and highest concentration of Pd+2in alkaline medium (Pd-CC (100)4). Tensile strength was insignificantly decreased from 93.2 MPa for cationized cotton to 84.5 MPa for Pd-CC (100)4. Ultraviolet shielding effect was superiorly enhanced with implantation of palladium nanoclusters. The UV protection factor (UPF) was excellency increased from 1.3 (insufficient) for native cotton to 256.6 (excellent) for Pd-CC (100)4. The effect of repetitive washing cycles on the colorimetric data and the results of ultraviolet protection was also studied to affirm the effect of fabric cationization in preparation of highly durable UV-protective fabrics.Graphical abstract

Morphology, composition and structure of the fibers of a Chimu culture textile

In this work we studied the microfibers of a textile (T-shirt) of the Chimú culture. This culture developed on the northern coast of Peru. To determine the raw material and structural quality of the microfibers, the results of the Chimú textile were compared with the corresponding results for the microfibers of cotton from the northern coast of Peru (native cotton). Scanning electron microscopy images revealed that the Chimú textile yarns are composed of a set of interwoven microfibers. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and pulsed laser-induced plasma spectroscopy techniques allowed the identification of characteristic cellulose atoms in the microfibers of Chimú textile and native cotton. Only for the Chimú textile, these spectroscopic techniques allowed the identification of atoms corresponding to natural dyes and powder residues. Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy identified the same molecular bonds for the microfibers of Chimú textile and native cotton. For the microfibers of Chimú textile and native cotton, the X-ray diffractograms showed peaks characteristic of the cellulose Iβ polymorphism of of monoclinic P21 structure. The raw material of the Chimú textile is cotton and the microfibers of this material show significant structural stability.

Quantitative Protection Factors for Common Masks and Face Coverings.

The performance of masks, whether intended to protect the community from exhaled infectious aerosol or to protect the wearer from inhaled infectious aerosol, depends on factors such as filtration efficiency, particle size distribution, leakage, and ventilation rate. These factors depend on the activities and facial features of the mask wearer so that the mask performance for real-world applications is difficult to predict. The present work shows how protection factor, a quantity often used to describe mask performance, can be estimated without involving human volunteers. By constraining these factors to known values, mask protection factors can be compared fairly and efficiently following a series of filtration efficiency measurements performed in the laboratory. Protection factors and mask emissions for exhalation and inhalation were evaluated for masks of seven types currently in use around the world and for a hypothetical mask with 99% efficiency on all particles. The performance of reusable masks made from cotton fabric was limited by the size of the native cotton fibers. Masks that utilized finer fibers, particularly electret fibers with relatively small diameters, showed excellent performance with moderate flow resistance. Results from this work, in addition to simple guidance for mask fit and usage, can facilitate risk communication and decision-making efforts during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The yuraq haku, or plain mantle: A long tradition of north-central Perú

The haku is a shawl indispensable for depicting the lives of women and men in several districts of the department of Hunuco, in north central Peru. It is used daily in rural tasks and domestic life, and it shines during public festivals as a clear representation of local identity. The skill of the spinners in achieving an exceptionally fine yarn makes the serene beauty of these handsome cloths of a single, even color stand out. Almost transparent, the four-selvage cloth is woven on a backstrap loom of native cotton or of sheep’s wool diverse in hue. The mark of the presence of Spanish obrajes in this region can be observed in tools and practices which, however, do not discard older technological traditions based in ancestral logics. The long history of textile production in the Andes still poses interesting questions. We look more closely to discern aspects of technological knowledge and design. In addition, we examine the significance of practices and functions of contemporary rituality, which provide rich information regarding the modification of socio-cultural contexts. Today, the weaving community is experiencing new demands which give a new life to the mantle, symbolizing their identity to an outside consumer. This contributes to both spiritual and material satisfaction, confirming the space of their cultural values as a fundamental resource.

Plants in the Tapestry (Literally)

Among our studies of ancient Peruvian textiles created in tapestry technique, we have come across some surprising elements, both in the warp and the weft. Andean textiles created over the past 10,000 years have been preserved in certain locations along the Pacific desert coast. They are usually preserved in the cloth bundles that protect and adorn the dead, and composed of fibers from native cotton varieties of Amazonian ancestry, the hair of highland ancestors of today’s llama and alpaca, maguey leaves from the mid-valley canyons, and reeds from coastal marshes. Garment forms, techniques and imagery can indicate textiles produced in different regions of the coast, or produced in the highlands and later deposited in lowland contexts.

Cellulose\u2013water system\u2019s state analysis by proton nuclear magnetic resonance and sorption measurements

Most cellulose-based materials’ manufacturing processes include processing this biopolymer in an aqueous medium. Sorption properties depend on cellulose supramolecular structure and nature of its change during moistening. Plenty of researchers’ efforts have been directed to the development of scientifically sound and commercially reliable processes over the past decade for the cellulose fibers’ dispersion in an aqueous medium. Therefore, it needs a more detailed study of the cellulose–water system components’ interaction. This study presents the supramolecular structure and sorption properties of native cotton cellulose research results obtained by 1H NMR relaxation, spectroscopy and sorption measurements. Hydrophilic properties of cellulose as an adsorbent are characterized, taking into account a porous system between its structural elements. We examine in detail water adsorption on the active surface of cellulose Iβ. We also demonstrate the approach for determining the entropy change in the first two layers of adsorbed water and estimate this value increased during adsorption. Cellulose moistening is accompanied by the decomposition of macrofibrils into microfibrils and is manifested in a crystallinity decrease and a specific surface area growth.

Chemical Modification of Cotton Cellulose by Carbamation with Urea and Its Dyeability with Reactive Dyes without the Use of Electrolyte

ABSTRACT Dyeing of cotton cellulose is done mostly with reactive dyes which form a strong covalent bond with the substrate. Reactive dyeing process requires a high amount of salt and alkali. Studies have been made to improve the exhaustion and reduce the use of a high amount of salt and alkali by cationization of the substrate. This study focuses on the carbamation of mercerized cotton cellulose for the purpose of preparing an alternative way of dyeing cotton fabric with Reactive dye in the absence of electrolyte. The effect of carbamation was shown by FTIR spectra qualitatively, where the optimal results were with urea concentration of 400 g/l, temperature of 135°C and time of 5 minutes. The carbamated cotton showed lower decomposition temperature than that of native cotton. The color strength, exhaustion, fixation and total dye utilization studies show good results compared to dyeing conventional cotton fabric.

Chemical Modification of Cotton Fabrics by a Bifunctional Cationic Polymer for Salt-Free Reactive Dyeing.

Cotton modification exhibited great potential in the fabric dyeing industry. A bifunctional cationic polymer with a moderate cationic degree and low molecular weight was achieved via free radical polymerization between dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride and allyl glycidyl ether. Then, it was further utilized for the modification of cotton fabrics. The formation of the cationic polymer was identified using Fourier transform infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies. The structure and properties of both treated and untreated cotton were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The modified cotton fabrics could be salt-free dyed with reactive dyes at low temperatures. While obtaining satisfactory color fastness and leveling properties, the dyeability of the modified cotton was improved significantly compared with the conventional dyeing of native cotton. Besides, the prepared cationic polymer has good flocculating properties to avoid secondary pollution, suggesting high potential for achieving an economical and eco-friendly dyeing process.

Caracterización molecular de las variedades de algodón nativo de color en la costa norte del Perú

Caracterización molecular de las variedades de algodón nativo de color en la costa norte del Perú

Friction reduction and viscosity modification of cellulose nanocrystals as biolubricant additives in polyalphaolefin oil

With the increasing requirement of environmental protection, the development of lubricating materials with non-toxicity and good biodegradability becomes more and more significant. As the novel green nanomaterial derived from natural cellulose, cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) in the present work were prepared from native cotton and added into polyalphaolefin (PAO) base oil as the lubricant additive. To improve the compatibility of CNCs with PAO, the surface of CNCs were grafted by stearoyl chains, which entangled with polyolefin chains and led to a good dispersibility and stability of the colloidal solution. This hybrid oil with the elevated viscosity improved the formation of lubricant film in the boundary lubrication regime. Combining with the mending effect of CNC particles on the surface roughness and scars, both the friction and the wear were dramatically reduced. Specifically, the introduction of 2 wt% modified nanocrystals (mCNC) in PAO base oil reduced the coefficient of friction (COF) by 30%. The results of this study suggest that cellulose nanocrystal is a promising ecofriendly and effective lubricant additive.

Green Nanocomposites Made With Polyvinyl Alcohol And Cellulose Nanofibers Isolated From Recycled Paper

This paper reports green nanocomposites made by blending polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with cellulose nanofiber (CNF) isolated from recycled deinked copy/printing paper (DIP). The reinforcement effect of DIPCNF in the nanocomposites is compared with other CNFs isolated from native cotton and hardwood by means of TEMPO-oxidation. The prepared PVA-CNF nanocomposites are characterized in terms of morphology, chemical interaction, structural, thermal and mechanical properties. X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirm the reinforcing ability of cellulose nanofibers into PVA. By blending CNFs into PVA matrix, the thermal stability of the nanocomposites is improved and DIPCNF shows similar enhancement effect with COCNF and HWCNF. The prepared nanocomposites exhibit 50% Young’s modulus improvement by adding 6% of CNF and DIPCNF exhibits similar enhancement of the mechanical properties to COCNF and HWCNF in the nanocomposites. This indicates that the use of DIPCNF is beneficial for environment protection, resource retaining and save energy in comparison with COCNF and HWCNF.

1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride pretreatment of cotton stalk and structure characterization

Abstract Cotton stalk was pretreated with 1-butyl-3-methyimidazolium chloride ([Bmim]Cl) and the effect of pretreatment factors, including liquid/solid ratio, temperature, and pretreatment duration on cotton stalk was investigated. Scanning electronic microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction were used to identify structural changes in native and pretreated biomass. The optimum pretreatment conditions were as follows: liquid/solid ratio of 10:1, reaction temperature of 120 °C and duration of 5 h.The reducing sugar yield was 29.72%, which was significantly higher than that of native cotton stalk. The differences in the reducing sugar yields between [Bmim]Cl-pretreated and untreated biomass suggested that [Bmim]Cl pretreatment was effective to produce reducing sugars. The pretreated cotton stalk showed clear pores and cracks, low crystallinity, and incomplete crystal structure compared with untreated one. [Bmim]Cl could be reused at least four times without significant reduction in the reducing sugar yield.