National Economic Growth Research Articles

National Economic Stimulus Policy to Reduce Non-Performing Loan Risk on Msme Debtors Affected by Covid-19 Disturbing Banking Performance and National Financial System

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of stimulus policies implemented by The Financial Services Authority (OJK) in response to the current pandemic, specifically in aiding MSME debtors impacted by Covid-19 and mitigating the occurrence of bad credit. Method: The research adopts a normative approach combined with both statutory and empirical juridical methodologies to examine the implementation of stimulus policies by OJK, particularly focusing on the provisions outlined in POJK Number: 11/POJK.03/2020. Results and conclusion: The findings reveal that the economic stimulus policy introduced by the government has the potential to assist MSME debtors adversely affected by Covid-19 and alleviate the burden of bad loans. The extension of credit restructuring until March 2022 provided by this policy is identified as a key factor in facilitating increased lending activities and fostering accelerated national economic growth. Research implications: This study contributes to the understanding of the efficacy of stimulus measures in addressing economic challenges posed by the pandemic, particularly in the context of MSMEs. It underscores the importance of timely and targeted interventions in supporting vulnerable sectors and safeguarding financial stability. Originality/value: By combining normative and empirical juridical approaches, this research offers a comprehensive analysis of the implementation of stimulus policies by OJK and their impact on MSME debtors. The identification of specific provisions, such as credit restructuring extensions, provides valuable insights for policymakers, financial regulators, and stakeholders involved in formulating effective economic recovery strategies.

A BRIEF STUDY ON STOCK MARKET

The Indian stock market has undergone a remarkable transformation over its century-long history, emerging as a dynamic and sophisticated financial ecosystem that plays a pivotal role in driving the nation's economic growth. With securities traded on prominent exchanges like the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) and the National Stock Exchange (NSE), the market serves as a vital platform for capital allocation and investment. Regulated by the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI), it exhibits inclusivity, welcoming a diverse spectrum of participants, from retail investors to institutional funds. Despite facing challenges such as volatility and regulatory compliance, the Indian stock market remains resilient, offering ample opportunities for wealth creation and economic development. Through a comprehensive exploration of its historical evolution, regulatory framework, market participants, and performance metrics, this report aims to provide valuable insights for investors and stakeholders, shedding light on emerging trends and opportunities in the Indian financial landscape.

ENHANCING TRUCK FREIGHT MANAGEMENT VIA DIGITAL TRANSPORT AND LOGISTICS ECOSYSTEMS

The Republic of Kazakhstan is prioritizing the digitalization of its transportation and logistics sector as a strategic approach to sustainable economic growth and enhancing the quality of life for its citizens. Guided by the decrees and messages from the President of Kazakhstan, the nation is focusing on developing its transit potential and incorporating modern technologies to streamline transport and logistics processes. The emphasis is on increasing the efficiency of transportation activities, developing transit and multimodal potential, and ensuring the security and stability of transport connectivity. This initiative aims to raise the transportation and logistics sector's contribution to the GDP and establish Kazakhstan as a central transit hub in the region. Recent advancements in digital ecosystems, which include technologies like the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), and blockchain, are set to revolutionize the truck freight transportation industry. These technologies promise enhanced efficiency, improved supply chain visibility, and reduced environmental impacts. Kazakhstan's efforts in digitalizing its transport and logistics complex, including recommendations for implementing digital transport corridors and developing an integrated information and logistics platform, signify a critical step toward realizing these benefits. This approach will not only enhance the transparency and efficiency of management processes but also reduce costs and improve service quality for end-users, contributing significantly to the nation's economic growth and regional integration.

DETERMINING THE DEMAND FOR MSME CREDIT THROUGH MACROPRUDENTIAL INCENTIVE POLICIES AS AN ECONOMIC RECOVERY EFFORT

A bank is a financial institution that plays an important role in maintaining economic stability, supporting economic growth and facilitating financial activities. One of the efforts made by the banking sector is to channel credit to Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) so that they can develop. This study aims to see how the influence of Non Performing Loan (NPL), Lending Interest Rate, Inflation and Macroprudential Incentive Policy on MSME credit demand in Indonesia. The research period is from 2018 to 2022. This research was conducted using secondary data obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics, Bank Indonesia and the Financial Services Authority. The data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression. The results of this study indicate that the Non Performing Loan (NPL) variable has no significant effect on MSME loan demand in Indonesia, while the loan interest rate variable has a negative and significant effect on MSME loan demand in Indonesia and the inflation variable and macroprudential incentive policies have a significant effect on MSME loan demand in Indonesia. The conclusion is that the existence of Macroprudential Incentive Policy can increase the demand for MSME loans in Indonesia, this can have an impact on national economic growth.

Improving humanitarian health responses for children through nurturing care

Children are disproportionately impacted by humanitarian disasters, which cause toxic stress. When a crisis overwhelms the capacity of health and social systems to meet the needs of a population, external crisis response teams working in a range of sectors may offer support to save lives and meet the affected populations' basic needs. Gaps have been identified in health sector interventions for children in humanitarian contexts, including lack of routine interventions to protect and promote early child development (ECD). To address this gap and improve the quality of humanitarian responses for girls and boys, the Global Health Cluster, Child Health Task Force, and the Inter-Agency Network for Education in Emergencies held a webinar series on Strengthening Nurturing Care in Humanitarian Response. It concluded that incorporating interventions to support nurturing care for ECD into health responses in acute phase emergencies is lifesaving. In crisis contexts, even simple interventions can be the difference between life and death, and when systematically applied, they can dramatically improve a child's life opportunities as well as national recovery and economic growth.

The Impact of Islamic Financial Deepening on Economic Growth in Indonesia

Indonesia is starting to pay attention to this trending issue to boost national economic growth because Indonesia is still below other countries regarding the development of its financial sector, especially in Islamic finance. This study employs a quantitative research approach, utilizing multiple linear regression analysis, to investigate the influence of various aspects of Islamic finance on Gross Domestic Product (GDP) as an indicator of economic growth in Indonesia. This research is expected to be able to examine in more detail the role model of Islamic financial deepening in Indonesia and how it affects economic growth. Through a comprehensive discussion, we examine the potential impact of Islamic financial instruments, including Murabahah, Mudharabah (Islamic deposit), total assets of Islamic banking, Islamic stock market capitalization, and Islamic stock transaction volume, on economic growth. Findings suggest that while certain components, such as government bonds (sukuk), have a significant positive influence on GDP through infrastructure financing and investor confidence, others, like corporate bonds (sukuk), may have limited direct impact due to their focus on specific corporations rather than broad-based economic growth. This research contributes to the understanding of the role of Islamic finance in Indonesia's economic development and informs policymakers, practitioners, and academics on optimizing its contributions while ensuring financial stability and inclusion.

Problems and strategies to maintain the existence of domestic registered patents in Indonesia to promote the economic growth

AbstractThe number of acquisitions of Indonesian domestic patents is still low, while Article 130 letter d of Law Number 13 of 2016 concerning Patents regulates the abolition of patents due to the patent holder not fulfilling the obligation to pay the annual fee. This provision causes the loss of registered patent rights that have been hard to obtain, while the legal protection is still long, and there is still potential for commercialization value. It is feared that this will become one of the obstacles in the effort to increase the acquisition of domestic patents which in the end will also hamper Indonesia's economic growth. This article seeks to formulate the problems and strategies in maintaining the existence of domestically registered patents to be able to provide adequate protection for the exclusive rights of inventors while at the same time being able to support national economic growth.

Novel embedding model predicting the credit card's default using neural network optimized by harmony search algorithm and vortex search algorithm

In today's banking and financial system, using a credit card has become indispensable. The credit card industry has existed due to a shift in consumer preferences and a rise in national economic growth. The number of issuing banks, card issuers, and transaction volumes has increased significantly. Nevertheless, owing to the growth in the number of transactions made with credit cards, both the total amount due and the rate of defaults on credit card loans have become issues that cannot be neglected. This issue must be resolved to ensure the continued and prosperous growth of the banking industry in the years to come. Currently, a few optimization algorithms—Whale optimization algorithm (WOA), Harmony Search (HS), Multi-verse optimization (MVO), and Vortex Search (VS)—have been used to achieve this purpose. However, because credit card default data is volatile and unequal, it is challenging for typical optimization algorithms to offer steady approaches with optimal performance. Studies have indicated that optimizing algorithms with suitable properties can significantly improve performance. To improve performance, some tuning was applied to the ANN. This study will assess twenty-three parameters, and the efficacy of all four approaches will be compared using ROC and AUC evaluations. The suggested model's performance is contrasted with a scenario where the classifiers were trained using original data. In contrast, the AUC values for VS-MLP were 0.7407 and 0.7271, while those for HS-MLP were 0.7074 and 0.6997. In the training and testing phases, AUC values of 0.7469 and 0.7329 from MVO-MLP and 0.72 and 0.7185 from WOA-MLP, respectively. The results show that the training accuracy of HS, VSA, MVO, and WOA are similar; MVO has the highest training accuracy. The credit card industry can benefit significantly from this methodology, which may help resolve default probabilities.

Examining the dynamic impact of carbon emissions, renewable energy and economic growth on healthcare expenditure in Asian countries

This study aims to examine the impact of renewable energy, carbon emissions, and economic growth on healthcare spending in 36 Asian countries during 2000–2019. Fully Modified Ordinary Least Square (FMOLS) and Dynamic Ordinary Least Square (DOLS) models have been applied to the panel data for 36 Asian countries. The study's findings show that CO2 emissions in Asia increased due to public and private health spending, with the commercial health sector having a larger negative influence on CO2 emissions than the public sector. According to FMOLS and DOLS findings, carbon emissions and GDP are positively related to health spending, indicating that high economic growth through energy-intensive production processes leads to increased carbon emissions, but on the contrary, renewable energy consumption has decreased healthcare expenditure. This study advocates new policies to reduce carbon emissions and hospitalisation without jeopardising national economic growth. In order to achieve sustainable health services and an environmentally friendly future in Asia, health administrators must raise state and private healthcare spending while implementing an effective cost-service and energy-efficient management plan.

Research progress of tourism marketing over 30 years: Bibliometrics based on CiteSpace

Tourism marketing is significant to the national economy and industry growth and has been a hot research field. However, current studies usually analyze this field from specific aspects and lack comprehensive views. To solve this problem, we use CiteSpace to analyze tourism marketing research from statistical, collaboration, co-citation, and co-occurrence perspectives, construct a knowledge framework, and pinpoint future research directions to depict its dynamic evolution for 30 years comprehensively. We find that this field has received increasing attention annually with fluctuations; the active collaborating institutions are located globally, whose regions are also active collaborators; besides, this field is multidisciplinary with various topics such as tourism, business, and environment; researchers have paid much attention to the impact, model, and satisfaction of tourism marketing. Future research will focus on sustainability, be aligned with disruptive technologies and information analysis, and explore various alternative marketing approaches in new niche tourism markets. This study is innovative as we analyze literature for 30 years, which is long, precise, and comprehensive to understand this field thoroughly; besides, the comprehensive knowledge framework and future research directions facilitate readers to quickly grasp the overall evolution and inspire them to look for specific topics efficiently and effectively.

GREEN ECONOMY WITH ECONOMIC GROWTH AND PER CAPITA INCOME IN VIETNAM

Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the green economy with economic growth and per capita income in Vietnam, to analyze the quantitative relationship among those factors, and to improve long-term green economic development in Vietnam towards sustainable national economic growth. Theoretical Framework: In this topic, the main concepts and theories that underpin the research are presented. The inverted U-shaped model of Kuznets; Green economy concept and regression model stand out, providing a solid basis for understanding the context of the investigation. Method: The methodology adopted for this research comprises desk research methods to clarify the theoretical basis of green economy, economic growth, and per capita income; qualitative research methods; and quantitative research methods. Data collection was carried out through the collection of time-series data: Real Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Gross Domestic Product per capita (GDPP), and CO2 emissions from 1995 to 2022 from the World Bank website. Results and Discussion: The results obtained revealed the positive relationship between economic growth, CO2 emissions, and per capita income in the short term; however, in the long term, when GDP as well as per capita income reach a certain threshold. The level of waste gradually decreases and environmental quality improves. In the discussion section, these results are contextualized in light of the theoretical framework, highlighting the implications and relationships identified. Possible discrepancies and limitations of the study are also considered in this section. Research Implications: The practical and theoretical implications of this research are discussed, providing insights into how the results can be applied or influence practices in the field of development economics. These implications could encompass many sectors, especially the processing industry. Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature by Simon Kuznets - economic growth is not a threat, but rather a means to improve the environment in the future. The relevance and value of this research are evidenced by contributing one more case in Vietnam which approves Kuznets curve on the environment and thus is the basis for future research on this urgent problem all over the world.

Analysis of Influencing Factors of Economic Management Decision of Commercial Banks Based on Big Data Intelligent Decision

Since the 1970s, China’s economy has been changing rapidly, especially after joining the World Economic and Trade Organization, and with the increase in multinational enterprises, the development of overseas markets has become more convenient, contributing to the further strengthening of our economic power. The financial industry plays an essential role in the development of a country, and commercial banks are the leaders in the financial sector. They have made significant contributions to national economic growth. Under the background of substantial economic development, the economic management decisions of commercial banks have become more complex, which makes the risks faced by commercial banks increase continuously. The rapid growth of global informatization has effectively boosted the development of all walks of life. Based on the intelligent characteristics of big data, this paper analyzes the influencing factors of economic management decisions of commercial banks based on wise choices of big data, hoping to enable commercial banks to achieve the ideal expectation of financial management of “reducing risk and creating value” to enhance the competitiveness of commercial banks in the whole market.

Efficiency of green and low-carbon coordinated development for mega urban agglomerations: an empirical study

As a critical engine for national economic growth, mega urban agglomerations have significant scale effects and economic and environmental spillover effects. This paper aims to study the green and low-carbon coordinated development of mega urban agglomerations to evaluate the country’s level of ecological civilization and its green and low-carbon development. The traditional research on green and low-carbon urban development tends to homogenize the redistribution theme, leading to significant errors in spatial allocation. This results in a lower accuracy of spatial distribution calculations for green development. Additionally, the research is constrained by data precision and methodology, making it challenging to measure the spatial differences in green and low-carbon development within urban clusters at the block level. This limitation hinders the ability to conduct detailed studies on the efficiency variations of green and low-carbon development in urban clusters. To achieve this aim, the study adopts the DPSR framework of the economic, resource, social, and ecological environment complex system and focuses on the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area in China. The study uses the entropy method, Gini coefficient method, and non-expected output super-efficiency SBM model to analyze the spatial effects and development efficiency of green and low-carbon development in this region from 2006 to 2020. The study results indicate that: (1) the overall level of green and low-carbon development in the Greater Bay Area is on the rise, with Shenzhen, Guangzhou, Foshan, and Zhuhai showing more stable development than other cities. Foreign direct investment and fixed asset investment in science and technology have significantly promoted green and low-carbon development. (2) The spatial differences in the region’s level of green and low-carbon development have narrowed trends, mainly due to differences between regions. However, well-developed cities such as Guangzhou and Shenzhen have taken the initiative to lead the development of other cities, fully leveraging their advantages in science and technology, geographical location, and other resources to promote the improvement of the external orientation of other cities. (3) The overall development efficiency of green and low-carbon in the Greater Bay Area is on the rise, with Guangzhou region showing overall stability, and Shenzhen region and Zhuhai region experiencing multiple ups and downs in their development. The three sub-regions show significant differences, but the balance and coordination of development have significantly improved. Finally, this study provides theoretical support for the future green and low-carbon development of urban clusters. It is advantageous for integrating the mainstream policy analysis framework of environmental economics with the complex adaptive systems of urban clusters. The research expands the boundaries of existing theoretical studies and offers new methodological approaches for interdisciplinary research. The study achieves a balance between the opportunity effects of green and low-carbon development and environmental policy constraints in super large urban clusters, effectively enhancing resource utilization efficiency in these clusters.

Probing Faculty Perspectives and Experiences for Framework Development of an Online University- Industry-Government Collaboration Platform

University-industry-government (UIG) collaboration nurtures the innovation ecosystem that sustains competitiveness and drives national economic growth. In the Philippines, however, there is limited collaboration between the UIG, thus resulting in untapped opportunities. An integrated web-based collaboration platform for researcher profiles, tools, and resources in Philippine higher education institutions (HEIs) would help promote and strengthen UIG collaboration. In this light, this study conducted a baseline assessment to gain insights into the faculty members’ perceived motivations, current contexts, and challenges of UIG collaborations. These insights guided the development of a framework that would inform the development of an online collaboration platform. The survey was participated in by 111 faculty members from a university system. Analysis showed that respondents had a wide range of experiences in their collaboration, wherein there was an overall satisfaction rating of 3.99 on their collaboration. Findings revealed that building connections or networks and professional development were the main drivers for faculty members to engage in collaboration. On the other hand, communication- and coordination-related issues were among the top collaboration challenges. Also identified as concerns were the differences in perspectives and the low commitment levels of some collaborators. The respondents expressed the necessity for an integrated platform that can facilitate collaboration activities, including opportunity-matching aligned with their professional experience and research interests. Better project management and streamlining of administrative processes were also cited to further enhance the collaboration experience. These findings underscore the necessity for improvement in strategic planning, resource allocation, enhanced faculty support, and opportunity-matching aligned with faculty expertise that can facilitate more effective collaboration among stakeholders. This research has essential implications for the improvement of the collaboration and similarly could provide important inputs and salient features for the development of a UIG collaboration platform.

Training for Preparation of Business Feasibility for Bantar Sari Village, Distric Rancabungur, Bogor

Micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) have an important role in the Indonesian economy. The Indonesian government also considers the existence of MSME actors important. The proof is that UMKM together with Cooperatives have a special forum under the Ministry of Cooperatives and UKM. MSMEs is a business sector that has quite good business potential where as MSMEs develops, the level of employment also increases. The number of MSMEs in 2018 was recorded at 64.2 million units, while in 2019 it grew 5 percent to 67.4 million units. The development of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) has proven to be the main driver of the real sector that direct effect on national economic growth. MSMEs from 2016-2019 grew by 4.2% annually with an average contribution of MSMEs to Indonesia's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of 50% for the last 3 years. Information owned by the Ministry of Cooperatives and Small and Medium Enterprises in March 2021, the number of MSMEs in Indonesia is at 64.2 million, and has a gross domestic GDP contribution of up to 61.07%. MSMEs can absorb up to 97% of the total workforce and can collect up to 60.42% of the total investment in Indonesia. However, the development of MSMEs generally still experiences various problems and is not fully in accordance with expectations. The problem that is still an obstacle in developing MSME businesses is the limited capital they have and the difficulty for MSMEs to access sources of capital. In order to help access funding, guidance and directions are needed in order to obtain banking funds for these small businesses. For this reason, a program of activities for preparing feasible business planning proposals is needed. This community service method uses descriptive methods, namely through surveys and observations. The initial stage was observation of Bantar Sari Village, Distric Rancabungur, Bogor to identify the business ventures that were currently being carried out. Furthermore, the formulation stage is the identification of the internal and external environment and is continued with the feasibility study stage. Delivery of training for the community, most of whom are MSMEs, is conducted at the Bantar Sari Village, Distric Rancabungur, Bogor, where the participants are quite enthusiastic about participating in the training program, this can be seen from the number of question that were entered.

Exploring Influencing Factors on Capital Adequacy in Commercial Banks

This study estimates the effect of macroeconomic and control factors on the capital adequacy ratio of commercial banks in Vietnam. Using the feasible generalized least squares method (FGLS), the following factors are statistically significant in affecting the capital adequacy ratio: national governance quality, economic growth, COVID-19, bank size, liquidity, and leverage. This study also highlights the role of compliance in maintaining capital adequacy during a global crisis, such as the COVID-19 outbreak, because commercial banks need more capital to absorb shocks in the financial instability period caused by the pandemic. Besides, the author emphasizes that in developing countries, especially Vietnam, the government needs to ensure national governance quality, such as political stability and regulatory quality, to increase additional capital buffers to protect them from losses or bankruptcies. Furthermore, the author conducts robustness tests to enhance the reliability and impartiality of the research findings. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2024-08-02-010 Full Text: PDF

Women Empowerment Through E-Commerce: A Study in Indian Context

Economic progress is significantly impacted by the entrepreneurship of women. Women are gaining economic and social power these days by starting their own businesses. In recent times, there has been a notable upsurge in women-led e-commerce enterprises and their entrepreneurship, with contributing significantly to the growth of both national and global economies. Information technology has made the world much smaller, faster, and easier for people to access it through internet. The internet has completely changed the businesses operation through Online sales and digital marketing. Moreover, the pandemic has proven the value of digital technologies. In recent years, with the use of technology women entrepreneurs can easily enter new markets and having wider range of customer. Web based businesses / E-commerce has given huge opportunities to the business sector. This study is qualitative in nature. The conclusions will inspire more women entrepreneurs to continue thriving in the ever-expanding e-commerce landscape. This present study explains the role of women entrepreneur as a driving force in E-commerce in India.

Regional Bank customer relationship management model through Public Relations functions

The banking industry, in practice, was established as the community's economic foundation that provides financial services expected to restore and enhance national and regional economic growth. Bank BPD DIY has a strategic role as a government partner and a motor accelerator of regional development in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. State civil apparatus (ASN) DIY is required to use Bank BPD DIY; it is necessary for customer relationship management (customer). This study aimed to find a model of customer relationship management of regional banks through public relations functions. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach with a case study method. The results of this study indicate that the customer relationship management model at Bank BPD DIY is carried out through three aspects. The first is to provide excellent service (excellent service), which is implemented by implementing the main values of Bank BPD DIY, namely respect, accuracy, modernity, trust, and reliability (friendly), providing funds and credit services, mobile banking, and customer service, and call center. Second, build customer satisfaction and loyalty through programs that provide promos, giveaways, sweepstakes, birthday greetings, and Corporate Social Responsibility. Third, develop good relationships with consumers through the use of social media such as Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, and WhatsApp broadcasts, organizing events, as well as providing sponsorship assistance in the form of products and cash.

Advertising Effects on Young Minds: Probing into Environmental Awareness, Purchasing Patterns, and Attitudinal Shifts in Children

The research aimed to investigate the impact of advertising on children's attitudes, behaviors, and lifestyles. Data was collected using structured questionnaires from a sample size of 250 participants. Analysis revealed a positive relationship between exposure to television ads and various factors such as environmental awareness, purchasing habits, and attitudes among children. Notably, attitude showed the strongest correlation with a Pearson coefficient of 0.092 and a significance level of 0.000, followed closely by buying behavior with a coefficient of 0.091. In contrast, knowledge about the environment exhibited a negligible correlation coefficient of -0.005 but remained statistically significant. The effectiveness of advertising interventions hinges on several factors including viewing habits, socio-economic status, family influences, and children's perceptions. It's crucial for advertisers to align their campaigns with social responsibilities to contribute positively to national economic growth. Advertising holds the potential to serve as a catalyst for socioeconomic progress, but its impact must be carefully managed and directed towards constructive ends. By understanding the complex interplay between advertising and child development, stakeholders can harness its power to foster positive attitudes, behaviors, and societal outcomes.

Integrated Marketing Communication Strategy of Tourism Awarness Groups in Order to Promote Tourism Village

The tourism industry has an important role as one of the driving forces of national economic growth. One of them is Kelawi Tourism Village in Lampung. The tourism village is managed by tourism awareness groups (Pokdarwis) which are individuals who have an interest and care about the development of local tourism based in rural areas. The purpose of this study is to analyze the integrated marketing communication strategy carried out by Pokdarwis Minang Rua Bahari in an effort to promote Kelawi Tourism Village. This research uses the constructivism paradigm with a qualitative descriptive approach and case studies as the method. Data collection techniques are carried out by in-depth interviews, observation and analysis of related documents. The results showed that in an effort to develop tourism potential in Kelawi Tourism Village, an integrated marketing communication strategy was applied consisting of three stages of the process, namely planning, implementation, and evaluation. The planning phase begins with the identification of the target audience. Pokdarwis Minang Rua Bahari implements various forms of integrated marketing communication in the implementation stage by adopting the concept of 8 promotion mixes using the concept of promotion mix including advertising, personal sales, sales promotion, public relations and publications, interactive marketing, events and experiences, word of mouth marketing, and direct sales. In its implementation, Pokdarwis has not formulated an integrated marketing communication strategy in a comprehensive, integrated, and sustainable manner. This is a form of evaluation carried out periodically as a basis for continuous promotional steps.