Nation's History Research Articles

EDUCATION FOR YOUNG CITIZENS TO STRENGTHEN CITIZEN CHARACTER

This research is motivated by issues of national and state life, especially the younger generation. Among the problems in the younger generation are the lack of a spirit of patriotism, idealism and nationalism as well as the younger generation's uncertainty about the future, moral, mental and social degradation of the younger generation, opportunities to access work, underage marriage, promiscuity and including the abuse of narcotics and drugs. forbidden. In fact, the active role of youth or the younger generation in the history of the Indonesian nation's struggle has played an extraordinary role. Developing the potential and role of youth through empowerment, awareness and development in national development which has a role and is part of a very strategic function and role. Citizenship education for the younger generation is important, not only in schools but also in society. This research aims to study and develop the character of the younger generation based on Pancasila values. This research was carried out in Kedaton II Village, Batang Hari Nuban District, East Lampung. The data in this research is through documentation studies, observations and interviews. The method in this research uses descriptive qualitative. The results of the research show that there is an influence on young citizens when they receive guidance based on Pancasila values. Education for the younger generation can strengthen the character of citizens.

Interior design concept of Ukrainian brands clothing store

The issue of retail establishments design and planning is considered based on the example of clothing store interior conceptual development. The relevance of finding new forms of expression of Ukrainian identity in design is justified, in particular, clothing stores of Ukrainian brands, which today are not only trade establishments, but also the popularizes of Ukrainian culture. Based on the results of the analysis of literary sources and design experience, trends regarding the formation of the interior space and content of modern clothing stores were revealed, including: versatility; combination of various functions; a new interpretation of mannequins; change of exposure according to the principle of the gallery. A separate direction of form creation is the combination of national iconic elements of culture and modern requirements for arranging space. The purpose of the research is to develop a concept of a modern, multifunctional retail space, a color and style model that combines modern European trends and a new look at Ukrainian culture and its origins. The main theses of the concept are modeled on the example of the design development of the interior of a clothing store of Ukrainian brands. It is proposed to organize the store space as an exhibition platform for local artists with a new interpretation of elements of Ukrainian culture. Means of expression of the defined task are: space zoning, color model, use of ornament, design of decorative and compositional element. The purpose of the conceptual composition of stylized mannequins is to allegorically and abstractly depict the national idea and peculiarities of the history of the Ukrainian nation with the help of images, shapes, poses, and colors. The color model is based on the connection between Ukrainian culture and the culture of Northern Europe, and the placement of the figures refers to the ancient Slavic understanding of the sides of the world and their symbolism. Stylized ornaments with unconventional presentation are offered as decor on architectural and structural elements. It was concluded that the interior of a Ukrainian clothing store should be formed as an exhibition and presentation platform for Ukrainian designers, combining a recognizable identity with modernity; to represent Ukraine in a new way for Ukrainians and foreigners. The means of expressing the formulated demands should influence the historical national consciousness through indirect associations and symbols, which are based on historical and cultural artifacts.

NATIONALCULTURALCONNOTATIONOFREGULAREXPRESSIONSAND NATIONAL CODE IN KAZAKH AND ENGLISH LANGUAGES

Phraseologisms are one of the language units that provide a lot of information about the history, culture, spiritual values, worldview and lifestyle of a certain nation. The phraseological fund of any language includes the culture, mentality, knowledge and traditions of the nation as much as possible. One of the urgent problems in modern linguistics is to determine the characteristic features of each nation based on the information stored in its language. In particular, the study of languages that are not closely related by genealogy, based on the position of new trends in linguistics, opens the way to great opportunities. Systematizing phraseological units in Kazakh and German, Kazakh and Romanian languages and conducting a comparative study of them is becoming the main object of domestic linguistics today. In the course of the research, methods such as collection, comparison, analysis, summarization, and conclusion were widely used. Phraseological phrases in Kazakh and English languages were analyzed from the semantic, linguisticand cultural aspects. The main features of idiomatic phrases in the Kazakh and English languages were determined, and the history of the origin of English idioms was considered. The results of the research made it possible to determine the connection of phraseological units defining the unique characteristics of each nation with national knowledge and national culture. In the article, it was concluded that regular expressions are the source of the lexical fund of every nation, that they have been formed over centuries and that the people observe the unique worldview of each nation, that it is the language wealth of the nation. In the article, it was determined that regular phrases are sources of ethno- cultural data, a unique linguistic basis for determining the national code.

«ҚЫЗ ЖІБЕК» ЖЫРЫНДАҒЫ ЭТНОЛЕКСИКАНЫҢ ТАНЫМДЫҚ СИПАТЫ

Ethnolexics is a treasure of life, history and culture of theKazakh nation. On the way of formation of the Kazakh people, the history of ethnolexics, which has developed in different epochs and periods, is deep. The study of ethnolexics in Kazakh linguistics originates in the works of A.Kaidar. The scientist considers the language in ideological, cultural and ethnolinguistic directions. Because the language stores a lot of information and helps others to learn information about the ethnic group. The article deals with the grouping of ethnolectic units in the poem «Kyz Zhibek» into subject and lexico-semantic gro ups based on a paradigmaticapproach. In particular, an ethnolinguistic and ethnocultural analysis of the names of jewelry, weapons, and birds was carried out.

The proxy war in Ukraine

Overwhelming empathy with all the civilians and conscripts who have suffered from the ongoing violence in Ukraine, which began years before the Russian invasion of February 2022, must be complemented by analysis and explanation. What can anthropologists contribute? I have been disappointed by one-sided accounts endorsing the government of President Volodymyr Zelensky and the cause of the Ukrainian nation that have dominated in the Western mass media and anglophone academic work, including that of anthropologists. From an anthropological perspective, to invoke international law and sacralize political sovereignty is inadequate (Hann 2023; Malinowski 1944). Instead, we need to scrutinize the complex history of the Ukrainian nation, which is being consummated through the present violence. We need to recognize that Zelensky heads an Atlanticist, market-oriented, nationalist regime of dubious legitimacy. This critical stance does not mean deference to the Kremlin in the spirit of the “realist school” of international relations. It does mean recalling that as late as autumn 2021 President Vladimir Putin was putting forward proposals for a peaceful resolution of the crisis brought about by Western geopolitical and economic ambitions since the end of the Cold War. For the Russian political classes (not just for Putin and his oligarchical allies), when it came to NATO expansion Ukraine was a unique red line. However, too many interest groups in Washington as well as in Kyiv actually wanted the war that began in February 2022 (though this could not be declared publicly).

The proxy war in Ukraine

Overwhelming empathy with all the civilians and conscripts who have suffered from the ongoing violence in Ukraine, which began years before the Russian invasion of February 2022, must be complemented by analysis and explanation. What can anthropologists contribute? I have been disappointed by one-sided accounts endorsing the government of President Volodymyr Zelensky and the cause of the Ukrainian nation that have dominated in the Western mass media and anglophone academic work, including that of anthropologists. From an anthropological perspective, to invoke international law and sacralize political sovereignty is inadequate (Hann 2023; Malinowski 1944). Instead, we need to scrutinize the complex history of the Ukrainian nation, which is being consummated through the present violence. We need to recognize that Zelensky heads an Atlanticist, market-oriented, nationalist regime of dubious legitimacy. This critical stance does not mean deference to the Kremlin in the spirit of the “realist school” of international relations. It does mean recalling that as late as autumn 2021 President Vladimir Putin was putting forward proposals for a peaceful resolution of the crisis brought about by Western geopolitical and economic ambitions since the end of the Cold War. For the Russian political classes (not just for Putin and his oligarchical allies), when it came to NATO expansion Ukraine was a unique red line. However, too many interest groups in Washington as well as in Kyiv actually wanted the war that began in February 2022 (though this could not be declared publicly).

Construction of the Red Literature Education Model in Libraries from the Perspective of Cultivating Virtue and Talents

In the context of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era, the educational concept of cultivating morality and nurturing talents has been comprehensively and deeply developed, emphasizing the cultivation of students' comprehensive qualities and sense of social responsibility. As a gathering place for knowledge and culture, libraries carry the mission of inheriting and promoting the excellent traditional culture of the Chinese nation. Red literature, as a precious witness to the revolutionary history of the Chinese nation, has extremely high educational value. This article explores the construction of the red literature education model in libraries in the context of the new era. The current situation shows that although some achievements have been made, there are still some challenges, such as insufficient collection and organization of red literature, and a single mode of education. To address these challenges, this article proposes strategies such as strengthening the collection and organization of red literature, innovating educational models, strengthening integration with other disciplinary fields, and establishing a comprehensive evaluation system. Meanwhile, through case analysis, the specific practices and achievements of different libraries in the construction of the red literature education model were demonstrated, providing reference and inspiration for other libraries. These measures help cultivate young people with patriotism and social responsibility in the new era, and promote the healthy development of education in the new era.

Comparing CNN Architecture for Indonesian Speciality Cuisine Classification

Indonesia's diverse and flavorful cuisine is a hidden gem, reflecting the nation's rich history and cultural tapestry. However, many of these culinary treasures remain undiscovered by a wider audience despite the popularity of beef rendang. This study represents a fascinating blend of technology and gastronomy, using smart computers to unravel the secrets of Indonesian flavors. This research employs one of the most popular neural networks methods called Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to shine a light on many citizens' favorite regional specialty cuisine which is Padang cuisine from West Sumatra, Indonesia. Gathering a collection of 993 images from 9 various dishes, the machine is trained to automatically recognize these unique culinary delights. Among several different Convolutional Neural Network models trained and tested, DenseNet-201 emerged as the top performer, showcasing remarkable accuracy, precision, recall and f1-score higher than 0.90. By harnessing the power of advanced neural networks, we not only gain insights into the intricacies of the region's culinary traditions but also pave the way for a deeper appreciation and understanding of the cultural significance embedded in every bite. Beyond this research technological achievements, it also emphasizes the importance of preserving and promoting Indonesia's diverse culinary heritage and rich tapestry of global food heritage.

The Identifikasi Nilai Pendidikan Karakter dalam Bingkai Teks Proklamasi Kemerdekaan Republik Indonesia

The importance of implementing education is an answer to various challenges in the development of science and technology which, either directly or indirectly, influences the morale of the nation's young generation today. The exploration of the value of character education can be traced in the history of the Indonesian nation, especially in the text of the proclamation of independence for the Republic of Indonesia. This research aims to identify the values ​​of national character education based on the text of the proclamation of independence of the Republic of Indonesia. In conducting research, researchers used a qualitative approach to explore in depth what character education values ​​can be taken from the text of the proclamation. The data sources were obtained through literature studies and distributing online questionnaires to UNP Kediri history education students who had completed the lecture material for the sub-chapter of Indonesian independence. Based on the results of data analysis, it can be concluded that the value of national character education based on the text of the proclamation of independence of the Republic of Indonesia includes unity and oneness, devotion to God Almighty, tolerance, struggle/perseverance, patriotism, democracy, human rights, independence, independence, nationalism and justice.

History of Bank Indonesia Museum on Visitor Attraction

Museum Bank Indonesia is a cultural institution that focuses on organizing, maintaining, and exhibiting collections related to Indonesia's economic and banking history. Located in Jakarta, this museum was established to capture the journey and development of the banking sector and economic policies in Indonesia. Understanding a nation's economic history involves not only historical facts, but also a deep understanding of the values, policies, and decisions that have shaped and still shape the economic direction of a nation. This understanding is an important foundation for achieving inclusive, sustainable, and equitable economic development. An understanding of economic history reveals how the distribution of wealth and people's well-being evolved. It can provide an understanding of economic inequality and its impact on daily life. Economic history reflects the role of the banking and financial sector in supporting economic development. This research method uses a qualitative approach

On the Contribution of Bishop Sofron Mudryi to the Development of Theological Education and Science of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church

The purpose of the article is to highlight the personal contribution of Bishop Sofron the Wise to the formation and development of theological education and science institutions during the period of revival and active development of the structures of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church in independent Ukraine. Research methodology: involves the use of the biographical method to reveal the main stages of the life of Bishop Sofron Mudryi, as well as the method of structural and functional analysis to describe the processes of formation of both individual institutions and the integral system of theological education and science of the UGCC in Ukraine. The scientific novelty is that, based on the analysis of the latest research by national historians, the significant role of Bishop Sofron Mudryi in the process of restoring and developing theological education institutions of the UGCC in Ivano-Frankivsk, in the process of establishing the synodal program of theological education of the UGCC, and in the formation of the human resources of the UGCC through the training of specialists in various fields of theological science in Ukraine and abroad is substantiated.

Systemic Peacebuilding in Mozambique: MOZ2050 Strategic Plan

Mozambique, a nation with a tumultuous history marked by colonization, civil war, and ongoing socio - economic challenges, stands at a critical juncture in its development trajectory. Since gaining independence from Portugal in 1975, Mozambique has grappled with political transitions, armed conflict, and the exploitation of its abundant natural resources. Despite its mineral wealth, particularly in the Northern region, the country continues to face pervasive issues of poverty, inequality, and social injustice. The signing of the Peace Agreement in 1992, which brought an end to the civil war between the Mozambique Liberation Front (FRELIMO) and the National Resistance of Mozambique (RENAMO), marked a pivotal moment in the nation's history. However, the aftermath of conflict has left deep scars on Mozambican society, exacerbating existing vulnerabilities and fostering conditions conducive to violent extremism. Cabo Delgado Province, renowned for its mineral riches yet plagued by poverty and instability, has become a focal point of violent extremism, notably with the emergence of the self- proclaimed Islamic State. The region has witnessed a wave of terrorist attacks, leading to mass displacement, loss of life, and profound psychological trauma among its inhabitants, particularly women, children, and persons with disabilities. In response to this complex crisis, the Mozambique 2050 (MOZ2050) Strategic Plan has been formulated, representing a holistic and innovative approach to peacebuilding and resilience-building. Grounded in extensive contextual analysis and stakeholder consultations, this multifaceted strategy aims to address the root causes of extremism while fostering social cohesion, economic empowerment, and sustainable development.

Multisectoral approach for the control of cholera outbreak - lessons and challenges from Lusaka district - Zambia, October 2023 - February 2024.

on October 18, 2023, the Ministry of Health declared an outbreak of cholera in the Lusaka district. Public health interventions were implemented using a multisectoral approach in the Lusaka district and other hotspots in the country. We documented the multisectoral response efforts and their impacts on the cholera epidemic in the Lusaka district of Zambia. We highlighted the major challenges and their associated impacts on the epidemiologic patterns of disease in hotspot areas. we conducted a descriptive observational study of cholera response activities in the Lusaka district. We used quantitative and qualitative non-participant techniques using the Centers for Disease Prevention and Control's direct in-person observation tool in healthcare settings. We reviewed surveillance records to estimate the magnitude of the outbreak, and characterized cases by person, place, and time. We documented the response interventions and challenges using situation reports. during the 2023 - 2024 cholera outbreak, Lusaka district was the most affected district with 13,122 cases and 498 deaths as of 12th February 2024. Despite having a well-established system for coordinating technical support and resource mobilization, inadequate sanitation and limited access to clean water remained potential risks for cholera outbreaks in Lusaka district. Lusaka district may have experienced one of the most severe cholera epidemics in the nation's history, as indicated by its rapid spread and increased mortality reported from both the community and treatment centers. A multisectoral coordination for improved sanitary systems, access to clean water, health education strategies, and vaccination campaigns contributed to the decline in cholera cases.

Illustration Design Strategies of Idioms Series Supporting Primary School Language Textbooks in the Context of Artificial Intelligence--Taking “Picture Idioms” as an Example

Abstract Idioms have various compositions and are part of the long history and culture of the Chinese nation, with their unique ways of expression. In this paper, taking “Pictures of Idioms” as an example, we propose a strategy for designing illustrations for a related series of books on idioms using artificial intelligence technology. Using the LSTM model, the description of the given idiom text is realized to generate images. The generated images are processed by a decoder and fed into a neural network model to generate illustrations that match the description of the idiom text. Further, a diffusion model is proposed to improve the quality of illustration generation and diversify the illustrations by continuously adding conditions to the generation process. Taking “Picture Talking Idioms” as an example, we propose a design strategy for the illustrations of the Idioms series accompanying elementary school language textbooks and quantify the effect of practical application in terms of the design effect of the final product, the reading satisfaction, and the effect of the use of “Picture Talking Idioms.” Students were more satisfied with the use of blue-gray and blue colors in the illustrations in “Diagrams to Tell Idioms,” with ratings of 4.9 and 4.6, respectively. 52% of the students used the diagrammatic method of reading “Diagrams to Tell Idioms” and rated the knowledge content of the books in terms of idioms at 9.458, which is a high satisfaction rate of 98%. The use of diagramming idioms has been very effective in assisting with language text.

A chameleonic evolution of a people’s wishes, identity, and aspirations

Abstract Highlanders Football Club is the oldest football club in Zimbabwe. The formation of the club is intertwined with the history of the Ndebele nation. The club has changed names in response to various environments over the years, starting from being called Lions Football Club to acquiring its current name. The football club has always been associated with Ndebele royalty, an issue that excites varied responses to its presence. The supporters of Highlanders Football Club have given it quite a number of nicknames that are, mainly, endearments. The names and nicknames both bear the wishes and aspirations of the football team and its supporters. Highlanders Football Club has become a form of identity, culture, and ideology to its supporters. This chapter discusses messages that are conveyed by the names and nicknames of Zimbabwe’s oldest football club from an onomastic perspective. Bearing in mind the fact that onomastics is an interdisciplinary field, the chapter appreciates the deep-seated social and political issues that these names and nicknames raise and the aim is to bring them to the surface. It is also the aim of the chapter to unravel the myth around the craze that seems to engulf the supporters of this football club by examining the messages carried by its names and nicknames that have kept changing over the years.

사회과교육에서 디지털아카이브 활용 부마민주항쟁 교육 프로그램 개발 및 적용

This study aims to cultivate students' awareness of democracy and civic engagement by incorporating the Bu-ma Democratic Protests as educational material in social studies. Despite the protests' significant role in our nation's democratic history, it has been somewhat overlooked in the curriculum. This study highlights the protests' historical significance and addresses gaps in the current curriculum through a program utilizing digital archives. This program educates elementary students about democracy's fundamental principles, civic responsibility, and social participation. It enables a deeper, more interactive understanding of historical events through the creation of historical maps. The integration of digital archives is anticipated to revolutionize social studies, with historical cartography enabling students to comprehend events in both spatial and chronological contexts. This method fosters a novel exploration of history, enhancing students' engagement in historical learning. The program's implementation has shown a positive effect on students' civic participation. Students began to view the protests not merely as a historical occurrence but as a manifestation of democratic progress through citizen involvement. This innovative approach to social studies deepens students' understanding of the interplay between history and democracy and encourages them to be proactive members of a democratic society. Integrating the Bu-ma Democratic Protests with contemporary teaching methods, this educational approach effectively communicates the value and significance of democracy, preparing students to comprehend and enact democracy as future citizens.

The Actualization of the Value of Religious Moderation Islamic Perspective of Wasatiyah in the Subject of Akidah Aqhlak in MA Al Musdariyah, Cimahi City, West Java

For Indonesians, diversity is believed to be destiny. He was not asked, but a gift from God Who Created, not to be bargained but to be taken for granted. Indonesia is a country with ethnic, ethnic, cultural, linguistic, and religious diversity that is almost unmatched in the world. In addition to the six religions that are most widely embraced by the community, there are hundreds or even thousands of tribes, regional languages and scripts, as well as local beliefs in Indonesia. Indonesia in the course of the nation's history has faced various alarming religious radicalism movements, so that they can be weakened from time to time from one government to government. Religious moderation is reflected in national commitments that uphold diversity, tolerance that respects differences of faith, rejection of all forms of violence in the name of religion, and acceptance and accommodation of cultural wealth and traditions that exist in society. The world of education becomes an agent of the State in the process of forming a paradigm of thinking and behaving of the future generation of the nation. The spirit of religious moderation is widely open to its application in the world of education, especially in the context of learning and socializing school residents. Madrasah Aliyah is a reflection of the implementation of the spirit of religious moderation in the educational environment which can be applied to school policy arrangements and in the classroom, namely learning. Based on this, it is necessary to study the concept of attitudes that can formulate in real and detail about behavior, how and what is the suitability of the concept of religious moderation, the perspective of Wasatiyah Islam in the teaching and learning process in the classroom. Researchers will examine the complementary linearity of the spirit of religious moderation in learning practices and can be a general standard of attitude that reflects religious observance, state obedience without leaving the culture of society.
 

The Official Lithuanian Language in the Interwar Years

The article aims to show the state of the Lithuanian language in the years of the national movement at the turn of the 20th century and its functioning in the restored independent Lithuanian state from 1918 up to 1940 when it was occupied by the USSR.
 Under the rule of the Russian Empire, the Lithuanian language was confined to the domestic setting: the press in the Latin script was banned and the use of Lithuanian in public was prohibited. As a continuation of the Springtime of Nations, the Lithuanian national movement relied on the Lithuanian-speaking society, and the language was perceived as one of the most important components of Lithuanianness. Scientific literature sometimes claims that the Lithuanian identity has been built on the philological foundation. This idea can be found in the history of many European nations, so the emphasis on the native language in Lithuania was nothing out of the ordinary.
 Drawing on national legislation and archival data, the article outlines how the Lithuanian language was taking root in the state that declared its independence in 1918. Reform of the economy, development of culture and education, the choice of the Western way of life, and formalising Lithuanian as the official language in the 1922 Constitution, created favourable conditions for the Lithuanian language and culture to function independently in the entire public life.
 The development of the Lithuanian language in the years of independence is analysed in three dimensions: legal (introducing the official language in all areas of life), structural (conducting research of the language, compiling the great dictionary, etc.), and educational (developing the modern theory of standard language grounded in structuralism and implementing its principles). The ideological basis of the educational work (as part of national upbringing), its implementers (the Lithuanian Language Society, different commissions and organizations), and the results thereof are also discussed.

Depoliticizing the Modern Nation

Taking the case of the interwar Yugoslav Sokol (Sokol Kraljevine Jugoslavije), this article examines the complex relationship between the discourses of organic nationhood and political socialization in what was the largest voluntary association in the country. While Sokol typically projected a vision of itself as an apolitical entity—as it claimed to represent the organic national body—this article will explore the dynamics, as well as contradictions, between such discourses and the socio-political reality they aimed to describe and eventually alter in their pursuit of improving the ‘national body.’ In conversation with scholarship on the conceptual history of modern East Central European nationalisms, including the social history of ideas and movements and political socialization more specifically, this article provides insight into the contextual, conceptual history of nationhood by focusing on selected thinkers engaged in Sokol, against the backdrop of particular mass practices and modes of political socialization in the organization. The tension between the involvement of the masses in the allegedly apolitical formations and the reality of subjecting them to political socialization en masse provides the central axis around which the argument is organized. The article concludes that their concept of nationhood was intimately intertwined with that of democracy and simultaneously posited against (party) politics and statism. Moreover, it demonstrates that Sokol was rooted in notions of civilizational hierarchies and directly linked to producing modern political subjects for the new Yugoslav state by means of the gymnastic and educational practices they promoted and conducted.

Salomon's Sophocracy as a Source of Inspiration for Changing Madagascar's History

In the unfolding narrative of Madagascar's post-independence journey, the troubling paradox of economic regression persists amidst the nation's bountiful natural wealth, coveted by others. Despite the implementation of diverse policies by successive leaders, the pervasive specter of poverty endures. This theological contemplation propels a fervent call for a policy metamorphosis—a conscientious exploration of sophocracy, rooted in the wisdom epitomized by King Solomon, as a transformative catalyst. A historical-critical analysis of Solomon's governance, woven from biblical texts and scholarly discourse, reveals sophocracy's potential to restore equilibrium, necessitate substantive reform, and harmoniously integrate with other forms of power. Yet, the theologian's discerning gaze acknowledges the need for an adapted Malagasy sophocracy, cognizant of human vulnerabilities. The prospect emerges that a locally nuanced sophocracy, grounded in Malagasy wisdom and identity, could redefine the nation's history. However, this journey is tempered by a vigilant consideration of internal and external risks, echoing the delicate interplay between divine guidance and human agency.