National Political Parties Research Articles

East Prussia 2.0: Persistent regions, rising nations

In this study, we examine the political effects of the breakup of East Prussia into what is today Poland, Russia, and Lithuania. We expect that East Prussian legacies of nationalist and conservative political preferences persist in the respective partitions of Poland, Russia, and Lithuania. We find that there is no pattern of persistence in the Polish partition of former East Prussia, whereas East Prussian persistence appears to be robust in the Lithuanian and Russian partitions. In the context of forced migration, comparative human capital between outgoing refugees (Germans) and incoming settlers (Soviets, Poles) predicts patterns of long-run political development. Hence, higher literacy rates of incoming settlers in the Russian partition (Kaliningrad) predict higher levels of support for conservative and nationalist political parties. The opposite is observed in the Polish partition. The persistence of East Prussian legacies in Eastern Europe relates to settler literacy.

Restrictions and limitations on the freedom to establish political parties - Focusing on the decision to adjudicate the constitutionality of the ‘national political party clause’ in the Political Parties Act -

Restrictions and limitations on the freedom to establish political parties - Focusing on the decision to adjudicate the constitutionality of the ‘national political party clause’ in the Political Parties Act -

‘Development Has Gone Crazy’: The Gujarat Model of ‘Unequal’ Development through Neoliberalism and Hindutva

Since the mid 1990s, the western Indian state of Gujarat has been continuously led by the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), a Right-wing Hindu nationalist political party. The BJP has aggressively pursued Right-wing religious ideologies, while, on the economic front, it has taken on board neoliberal policies. The outcome of this mix came to be referred to as the ‘Gujarat model of development’, as the state delivered impressive figures in the economy, although at the cost of human development indices. The article shows that the intensified adoption of Hindutva and neoliberalism has resulted in unequal development across regions, sectors of the economy and industries, as well as across the axes of class, caste and religion. As unequal development is inherent in both the ideologies of neoliberalism and Hindutva, each of them further exacerbates societal inequalities across multiple spheres without addressing these.

The Historical Analysis of National Integration in Pakistan: A Case Study of General Pervez Musharraf Era

National cohesion encapsulates political, social, cultural, and economic Integration. Ever since its creation, Pakistan has been tormented by the problem of national Integration and competing regional demands within the context of nation or State. The relations between the center and the provinces have never been exemplary. During the last 75 years, constitutional and political upheavals have increased misunderstanding amongst the provinces, and an atmosphere of mistrust exists within the center. Various national political parties and leaders have been highlighting widespread dissatisfaction with the affairs of the state institutions, regional disparities, economic exploitation, centralization of authority, and finances in the country. Successive regimes, because of vested agendas, have never succeeded in achieving complete national cohesion. Consequently, the threat to national Integration from within remains alive and has increased manifolds. This case study concludes shortcomings in national cohesion by the historical analysis of National Integration in Pakistan up to General Pervez Musharraf, and it suggests dynamic and viable measures to strengthen the federation and enhance national cohesion, but it further needs to be enhanced by resolving the above-mentioned issue of National Integration on a priority basis. This study also suggests certain recommendations in the light of research findings.

Variations in Social Europe? National political parties' positions on EU‐level social regulations

AbstractHow do national political parties vary in their views on Social Europe? I focus on an aspect that has received less attention despite its growing prevalence—EU regulations with ambitions to diminish social inequality to encourage social convergence among Member States. Since the Juncker Commission, the European Commission has become increasingly active in pursuing this aspect of Social Europe. Thus, understanding parties' positions on this aspect of Social Europe has become more important. However, current literature lacks measures of national party stances towards Social Europe, and explanations for these stances. Here, I use data from the Chapel Hill Expert Survey (2006, 2009, 2014 and 2019) to develop an indirect measure of party positions on Social Europe. Leveraging studies in party politics and EU politics, I propose that party families and national economic conditions may affect parties' positions on Social Europe. The analyses suggest substantial variation in parties' positions on Social Europe both within and across party families. The analyses also demonstrate that socialist and green parties support Social Europe most, whereas radical right parties support it least. Lastly, I do not find systematic evidence that national economic conditions influence parties' support for this aspect of Social Europe.

Terai Regionalism in Nepal

The paper examines the changing regional scenario of Terai issue and its political images with the central government in Kathmandu. The obliging role of regional political movements, elites, identity and ethnic groups is also examined in the context of Terai regionalism while focusing on the internal political development. The article also analyzes their quest for autonomy and their consequences on federalism in Nepal. The paper concludes with the remarks that constitutional role of governance and decentralized principles of federalism can perform their role in accommodating Terai civic and constitutional quest with the central government. The institutional role of political elites will count an important position in the present circumstances on their basis with the regional and national political parties.

Prospects and Dynamics of Special Autonomy Post Aceh Government Law No. 11 of 2006 in Aceh

After the birth of the Aceh Government Law a year ago, the prospect of Special Autonomy in implementing and implementing all government system tools in Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam requires high energy. On the other hand, we read that the Unitary State system is in accordance with scientific theory. This research uses qualitative methods to see how individual candidates can survive amidst the onslaught of local and national political parties in Aceh. From the research results, it was found that the existence of individual candidates had caused political tensions in Aceh after the formation of local political parties.The State is also usually called unitary, the form of government is a single structure. It is not composed of several countries like a federation. This means that as a unitary State, there is only one State. Thus, in a unitary state there is only one government, namely the central government which has the highest power or authority in all areas of government.

Potential determinants of voting behaviour of the electors of Assam

The political parties are the backbone of the democratic form of government. The political parties are constituted to capture the power of the state and rule thereof. The composition, nature, and ideology or principle of every party is different but the primary objective is to capture the power of the state is the same. So, in order to capture the power, the political parties initiated different strategies and considered various determinants. The determinants might differ from party to party and place to place. Assam as a state of India is run by a state government following the parliamentary form of government and the party that gets the majority in the Legislative Assembly of Assam is allowed to form the government. Hence, there are many contesting political parties in Assam, and out of that some are national and others are state and regional level parties. During the election, the national, state and regional political parties of Assam considered certain factors to win the confidence of the people. These factors determine the fate of the elections. Thus, this paper is intended to focus on the determining factors in Assam, and by analyzing the factors past experiences of the political parties are analyzed to justify the arguments.

TINJAUAN YURIDIS ORGANISASI SAYAP PARTAI POLITIK LOKAL DI ACEH

The existence of local political party wing organisations in Aceh has not yet received legal legitimacy. This creates legal uncertainty and injustice for local political parties in balancing national political parties so that special rules regarding local political party wing organisations must receive attention from the government. Further review through normative juridical studies by analysing aspects of legal certainty of the rights of local political parties in Aceh in the formation of party wing organisations and their driving factors. The formation of local political party wing organisations in Aceh in terms of statutory rules there is a legal vacuum, namely a situation where there are things that have not been regulated by law. This is in accordance with the adage het recht hink achter de feiten aan, i.e. the law always lags behind reality. Of course, this results in the absence of legal certainty for local political parties regarding the right to establish local political party wing organisations. The driving factor in the formation of local political party wing organisations in Aceh is the urgent need for local political parties to balance national political parties in facing unequal or unbalanced conditions in terms of external support in the form of political machines outside the party.

National projects of the Alash intelligence in the field of education

The article examines the foundations of the statehood of Alash autonomy, defined in the draft program of the national political party ”Alash”. The idea of establishing Kazakh statehood served as the foundation for several politically significant problems pertaining to the interests of the people in the party program. Prosperity was the route that the Alash intelligence suggested for the establishment of a state. The Science-Education agenda of the Alash party, as outlined in Section IX, provides the theoretical framework for the national educational objectives of intellectuals. Alash leaders carried out national projects for the advancement of science and education in the nation even after the Soviet Union came into power. Alash intellectuals focused a lot of attention on educational reform in the 1920s. In an effort to raise educational standards, Alash intellectuals formed new model schools and wrote the requisite manuals for all of the country's schools. The National Intelligence, which linked the new alphabet issue to education, also gave it some thought in the 1920s. It was essential to provide education on a national scale because Kazakh students attend national schools. Thus, the class ideology of the Bolsheviks and the nationalist ideology of the Alash engaged in an unyielding conflict during the early years of the Soviet regime.

Role of Electronic Media in Political Information: A Comparative Analysis of Geo News and ARY News

Political information is the burning issue of the present time. People around the globe seek information about politics from different mediums. Among them Television is one of the most popular medium of information for politics. Television, through its news bulletin spread information to the masses for the purpose of political information. Present research study is based on content analysis technique to investigate and explore role of Pakistani big media groups in political information. This research study is based on content analysis to investigate the prime-time news bulletin headlines of two big media channels. The universe of the study was 1st July 2023 to 31st July 2023. The sample size was the 9 pm headlines of Geo News and ARY News. The empirical analysis of the data reveals that overall, Geo News broadcasted a greater number of stories related to PTI and spared most of the time to PTI as compared with other national parties. The exclusive analysis of the data also reveals that ARY News also supports PTI and broadcasted more stories. The empirical analysis of the data also reveals that all the other national political parties except PMLN were given very limited time to the stories related to them.

Through the looking glass? Lessons from party Europeanisation in Denmark

ABSTRACT The Europeanisation of national political parties is often considered a crucial element in the democratisation of the EU. Yet, party Europeanisation has remained limited. The traditional argument explaining this is that the low political relevance of European affairs creates limited incentives for party organisations to Europeanise. But what happens in a context where Europe ìs politically relevant? Denmark, with its high parliamentary and public scrutiny of European affairs, provides us with such a case, allowing a view through the looking glass on whether and how national political parties Europeanise in a Europeanisation-friendly context. This article finds that Danish parties Europeanise rather differently from what has previously been found elsewhere, focusing strongly on internal cohesion, to the detriment of transnational cooperation. As such, empirically scrutinising a long-standing theoretical argument, this article adds much-needed nuance to the debate on party Europeanisation, its causes and relevance.

The foundation of the independent Republic of Macedonia – A decade of international recognition (1991–2001)

The process of the disintegration of the multinational Yugoslav federation at the end of the 80s and the beginning of the 90s had a strong impact on the process of the constitution of an independent Macedonian state. In those years, the Yugoslav Federation underwent a transition from the one-party rule of the Union of Communists to the establishment of a pluralistic multi-party political system. After the legalization of the possibility to create new political parties in the Socialist Republic of Macedonia, various parties and associations emerged, which brought great diversity to the political life of the republic and laid the foundations of party pluralism in it. The grouping of the parties is based on the attitude towards the future development of Yugoslavia, which divides them into “pro-Yugoslav” and “national”. Along with the Macedonian national parties, political parties and associations on a national and ethno-religious basis are being created in the SR Macedonia. The difficulties in the Republic of Macedonia started parallel to the process of declaring its independence and especially after the breakup of Yugoslavia. Thus, in the early 90s, after the collapse of the multinational federation and the declaration of independence of some of its republics, such as Slovenia and Croatia, the Republic of Macedonia faced serious problems in its own state. Internally - the final independence of the state and liberation from the Yugoslav People's Army, and externally - its international recognition. And while the last decade of the 20th century was mainly related to the international recognition of the Republic of Macedonia, the first decade of the 21st century saw the country face serious international problems and confrontations mainly between the Macedonian and Albanian ethnic groups in the country, as well as the dilemma of further and steps towards membership in the Euro-Atlantic structures - in the EU and NATO.

Political competition and environment quality: a study of India.

The focus of sustainable development goals (SDGs) is to promote the use of renewable energy so that countries can achieve better environmental quality. However, the progression is plodding, and still, 80% of energy comes mainly from conventional sources in developing countries. The implementation of procedures depends on the political attitudes, political stability, and quality of institutions. India has a diverse political structure ranging from central government to state government to local governments. In the late '80s, India witnessed a stiff rise in regional and national political parties, which leads more political competition. This paper tries to explain the possible relationship between political competition and CO2 emission in India. With the application of the time series non-linear ARDL (NARDL) model, this study tries to find the asymmetric relationship between political competition and CO2 emission. In our empirical model, we also include other important elements of environmental quality like innovation and fossil fuel consumption. Empirical results show that political competition is asymmetrically related to CO2 emissions in the long run. Fossil fuel consumption and innovation also have a significant relationship with emissions. Based on the results, a few policy recommendations have been discussed.

Immigration Clashes, Party Polarization, and Republican Radicalization: Tracking Shifts in State and National Party Platforms since 1980

Abstract Studies of U.S. politics increasingly aim to make sense of two key trends: party polarization and Republican Party radicalization. Surprisingly, however, party divergences on immigration have been largely overlooked. Drawing on state and national political party platforms since 1980, we document the rise of attention to immigration, the polarization of substantive party positions, and the sharp GOP turn toward restrictive measures. After pinpointing the timing and relative trajectories of national and state-level agenda shifts, we explore potential drivers and establish two sets of flashpoint events worth further study: highly visible and mostly deadlocked congressional battles over immigration grand bargains, and bottom-up reverberations from the widespread 2006 immigrant rights protests and post-2008 Tea Party organizing. We find that grassroots Tea Party efforts were intervening accelerators rather than original causes of the Republican embrace of tough immigration restrictions. The article concludes by stressing the chronological layering of successive party polarizations—from 1960s divergences around civil rights, through clashes about abortion and LGBTQ rights from the late 1970s to the 1990s, and followed by immigration polarization in the 2000s. This process of layering polarizations on top of one another may have supercharged recent GOP turns toward ethnonationalism and tolerance for threats of violence.

카자흐스탄 민족 지식인 집단의 사회 활동 연구

The social ideas of modern Kazakh national intellectuals focused on strengthening Kazakh national identity, embracing the modernised civilisations of Russia and the West while turning away from archaic Islamic ideas, and repairing the national ideology damaged by the Soviet Union. This ideology of Kazakh national freedom was promoted in earnest in the early 20th century with the creation of the first modern national political party called the Alash, but ethnic intellectuals within the Alash also worked to modernise and revive Kazakh national ideology in a variety of areas, including freedom of speech and assembly, human rights, women's issues, labour rights, and education, all of which are important issues in modern society. In particular, this article explores the ways in which Kazakh ethnic intellectuals have engaged in democratisation activities in relation to various modernising ideologies, including the media, and assemblies where Kazakhs can share their views, as well as their limitations in ensuring the human rights of ethnic Kazakhs and women.

Ahlussunnah Wal Jama'ah Communication Forum is an Islamic Political Organizational Movement in Legal Studies

Indonesia's democratic transition post-reformation has changed the pattern of Indonesian politics. There were fluctuations and dynamics of Islamic political power during the New Order era. At the beginning of the New Order, Islam was marginalized from the state. Meanwhile, Islam encountered difficulties developing socio-political ideas because of the repressive New Order regime. It is interesting to note that although the majority of Indonesia's population is Muslim, nationalist political parties dominate every election. This article discusses complex unifying issues causing political turmoil: religion and the state. Much of Indonesia's current research on political Islam focuses on the rise of Islam-based political parties in domestic politics and the significant role of long-standing Islamic organizations such as Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) and Muhammadiyah. This topic is interesting to discuss because it is relatively new, discussing the fundamental issue, in this case, the problem of different understandings of the relationship between religion and the state. The research method used in this study is library research. Data obtained from literature research is used to understand the background, history, goals, and vision of FKAWJ and the political context of Islam in Indonesia.How to cite item: Nugraha, Ridhoni Mirza, and Gilang Sandhubaya. “Ahlussunnah Wal Jama'ah Communication Forum is an Islamic Political Organizational Movement in Legal Studies.” Jurnal Cakrawala Hukum 14 no. 2 (2023): 212-222. DOI: doi.org/10.26905/idjch.v14i2.10174.

Use of Twitter as a Tool for Political Parties’ Election Campaigns

Twitter is an excellent social medium for following election events and participating in public debate. Twitter allows individuals to express themselves on crucial national problems in various ways. All political parties used Twitter to interact with voters during the general election campaign in 2019. In such a case, it is critical to understand the impact of the election campaign on Twitter on shaping young people's votes. Qualitative content analysis has been conducted to evaluate the quality of national political parties' tweets during the 2019 general election. For this, tweets from the official Twitter handles of the BJP and the INC during the 2019 general elections were selected using a checklist. A serious attempt was made to understand all units of analysis in the tweets. The present study contributes to understanding the quality of the NPPs' messages. This study also evaluated Twitter's influence on the upcoming Lok Sabha elections.

Use of Facebook to Influence Youth Vote in the General Election

Political parties have embraced New Media as an election campaign tactic. The growing popularity of Facebook among young users is the primary cause. The parties employed the New Media election campaign approach to share their political messages to influence the youth. The youth, particularly first-time voters, are thought to be the key to winning elections. This research examines the campaign substance of Facebook posts made to youngsters by national political parties during the 2019 general elections. Various units of analysis, such as the issues raised in the posts, format, and dialogue with the youth, have been studied with the help of a checklist, for this qualitative method has been used. The posts made by the official Facebook accounts of the BJP and the INC in the run-up to the 2019 general elections were studied. Through this, a serious attempt has been made to analyses the quality of political messages shared with the youth. This study also evaluates political parties' election campaigning tendencies on Facebook in the coming general elections.

The erosion of media freedom in Ghana: A signal democratic backsliding?

Ghana is a poster child of the consolidation of liberal democracy in Africa, the signal evidence of which is the freedom of the Ghanaian media as the fourth estate of the realm. However, recent developments in the media landscape of the country, such as sustained death threats, assaults, use of unwarranted brute force, suspicions and murder of journalists seem to mar the democratic image of Ghana. These incidents have raised concerns about the erosion of freedom and independence of the media in Ghana, a situation that is worrying enough to ignite a debate on whether the dark days of the culture of silence are returning to the country under democratic governance. Drawing on qualitative data collected through personal in-depth interviews and grey literature of media attacks and intimidations, the article examines the extent of the erosion of press freedom in Ghana. We argue that media freedom seems to be under increasing threat by elements of the state, despite public rhetoric of freedom of the press. Specifically, the threats are coming from officials of state such as national security operatives, the police and political party supporters. Concluding, the article calls for sustained civic activism against these threats.