The Historical Analysis of National Integration in Pakistan: A Case Study of General Pervez Musharraf Era

Abstract

National cohesion encapsulates political, social, cultural, and economic Integration. Ever since its creation, Pakistan has been tormented by the problem of national Integration and competing regional demands within the context of nation or State. The relations between the center and the provinces have never been exemplary. During the last 75 years, constitutional and political upheavals have increased misunderstanding amongst the provinces, and an atmosphere of mistrust exists within the center. Various national political parties and leaders have been highlighting widespread dissatisfaction with the affairs of the state institutions, regional disparities, economic exploitation, centralization of authority, and finances in the country. Successive regimes, because of vested agendas, have never succeeded in achieving complete national cohesion. Consequently, the threat to national Integration from within remains alive and has increased manifolds. This case study concludes shortcomings in national cohesion by the historical analysis of National Integration in Pakistan up to General Pervez Musharraf, and it suggests dynamic and viable measures to strengthen the federation and enhance national cohesion, but it further needs to be enhanced by resolving the above-mentioned issue of National Integration on a priority basis. This study also suggests certain recommendations in the light of research findings.