National Uprising Research Articles

Die Zeichen des Krieges

The signs of war . The article presents the Hungarian monuments and other objects in Southern Slovakia associated with the First and Second World Wars. It also deals with objects devoted to the memory of events related to the two world wars (Republic of Soviets, Slovak national uprising, the deportation of civilians to forced labour camps in the Soviet Union, expulsions and the so-called Slovak-Hungarian population exchange), and with the graves and funeral monuments of war victims found in cemeteries, the land around settlements or in public places. The article also examines how changes of ruling powers and the political and social system influenced the erection of memorial signs.

ORGANIZED AND UNSOLICITED COLLABORATION IN THE HOLOCAUST

The lethal intentions of the Nazi Final Solution to the Jewish Question through mass murder adds a special dimension to the common and banal phenomenon of collaboration between sections of the popu...

Metternich, Bismarck, and the Myth of the "Long Peace," 1815?1914

Many Western scholars and foreign-policy makers have lauded the Congress of Vienna, Metternich's “Concert of Europe,” and Prussian chancellor Otto von Bismarck's alliance system for keeping a “long peace” from 1815 to 1914. The superiority of nineteenth-century statecraft is a myth. Europe was busy at war between 1815 and 1914, if not in conflicts on the scale of the Napoleonic Wars and World War I. Furthermore, the chancelleries of nineteenth-century Europe not only quelled national uprisings, but suppressed peoples’ political rights and waged imperial wars throughout Africa and Asia. From the perspective of a Pole, a disenfranchised European, or an Indian, the century was not a “long peace” but a “long war.”

The Polish Underground Army, the Western Allies, and the Failure of Strategic Unity in World War II (review)

Reviewed by: The Polish Underground Army, the Western Allies, and the Failure of Strategic Unity in World War II Matthew R. Schwonek The Polish Underground Army, the Western Allies, and the Failure of Strategic Unity in World War II. By Michael Alfred Peszke. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland & Company, Publishers, 2005. ISBN 0-7864-2009-X. Photographs. Appendixes. Notes. Bibliography. Pp. x, 244. $45.00. The reader looking for insight into the Polish Home Army (Armia Krajowa) will be disappointed in this contribution by Michael Alfred Peszke. Despite the book's title, it has little to say about the Home Army, except as an object of the London-based Government-in-Exile's schemes and undertakings. It is not a detailed or, for that matter, fair analysis of the interests and policies of the Western Allies, nor does it explore the manner in which the Polish Question complicated Allied unity. Principally, the work surveys the exiles' efforts to lend assistance via air to forces at home and to integrate the underground army into the coalition's military plans. These the author presents as the most important keys to Polish strategy. At the same time the [End Page 1251] text is larded with asides dealing with issues such as training in Scotland in 1940, Operation Neptune, and women in military service. The book deals with the larger problems of diplomacy and great power relations mainly by pairing the above discussion with a critique of Anglo-American indifference. Diplomatic matters, such as representations on behalf of the Home Army, are regarded as outside the study's scope. The result is an idiosyncratic narrative overview of the military effort abroad, which elevates the modest strength of the Independent Parachute Brigade and Special Duties Flight to the leading role, while reducing the rest of the armed forces to background and asides. In the prism of this book the ordeal of the Parachute Brigade at Arnhem seems to crowd out the Warsaw Uprising. More problematic is the fact that this book by Peszke closely reproduces his 1995 Battle for Warsaw, 1939–1945. The recent book copies the earlier work's narrow concern for select air and parachute formations, its simple chronological framework, its chapter organization and structure, as well as its digressions and asides. Indeed, the new book incorporates almost the entire earlier work, with prodigious portions reproduced word for word. The text is marred by errors. The appellation "Tempest" (Burza) did not designate the General Staff's concept for a national uprising (p. 56). Tempest was the codename given to Gen. Tadeusz Bór-Komorowski's controversial plan of November 1943. This operation called for a series of local actions, rolling ahead of Red forces as they marched across the Polish borderlands. Most errors are minor. For instance, Thomas "Tom" not "Mrs. Driberg" (p. 122) was the M.P. for Maldon in Essex. Several note references appear to be linked to the incorrect text. Elsewhere references are so broad as to be next to useless for retrieving data, while some startling claims go unsupported. Such gaffes are probably the result of careless preparation of the manuscript. The editors at McFarland should have caught them, but ultimate responsibility lies with the author. The utility of this work is limited. It will be of interest only to the enthusiast, who is daunted by the specialized tomes of military and diplomatic history and is not interested in the main currents of historical debate. Even so the hefty price tag will place it out of the reach of most. Scholars will be better served by the recent contributions of Norman Davies, Anita Prazmowska, among others, as well as the reissue of older studies on the occasion of the sixtieth anniversary of the Warsaw Uprising. Matthew R. Schwonek Air Command and Staff College Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama Copyright © 2005 Society for Military History

Hronského tvorba perom maďarskej literárnej kritiky

The paper studies the last novel of J. C. Hronský Svet na Trasovisku in the context of the Slovak literature and also in the context of the previous authors' works to find out how the text of the novel differentiated from reality. Research of the text and other resources show that Hronský's picture of the war events and the Slovak National Uprising was based on his personal life experience, his humiliation and his proffesional degradation. That is why his picture differentiates from those ones made by the authors who participated in preparation of the SNU and who were active participants of it. Hronský was a loyal citizen of the Slovak State but he was never active in politics. All his efforts as an author and in the Matica Slovenská aimed to flourishing the Slovak literature and culture and thus to enable them to participate in inter-literal European communication. The novel Svet na Trasovisku and previous Hronský's works are based on symbolic principles. He surrounded events of the period, relationships and characters by symbols and thus he created the story of many meanings. The main idea of the novel is national idea connected with a christian one in the last picture of the novel which is a way from darkness of the war period to the light of hope and trust in Slovak nation also after the war period. He expressed the war period indirectly through reactions and actions of the characters. Their dual polarization was the result of their relationship to the state and of their confessional difference and nationality. The author wanted to emphasize moral values of the characters and his own struggle for national and ecumenical unification of the Slovaks.

Királyi könyvek by Magyar Országos Levéltár (review)

554 SEER, 8i, 3, 2003 expulsion of 20,000 Czech state employees in addition to the 'exclusion of the Jewish population from the Slovak economy' (p. I26). Moreover, whilst the wartime resistance and the Slovak National Uprising are treated in some depth, there is no attempt to romanticize an iconic period in Slovak history. It was not just the Nazis, but also Slovak resistance fighters who committed 'inhumane acts of brutality and murder' during the Second World War (P. 146). Two criticisms, however, deserve to be levelled at the book. Firstly, the subtitle is badly chosen. As the authors themselves point out, Samo was neither a Slovak (he was a Frankish merchant), nor did he unify the Slovaks, but rather 'created the first historically known tribal union of Slavs' in the seventh century (p. 4). To put both Samo and current Slovak Prime Minister Mikulas Dzurinda's names in the subtitle smacks more of the need for a catchy subtitle than good history. Secondly, the book lacks a bibliography or at least a guide for further reading. The inquisitive reader is left, therefore, to follow up the authors' notes. Although these are on the whole helpful, the omission of references to the two best books on the Prague Spring, Gordon Skilling's Czechoslovakia's Interrupted Revolution(Princeton, NJ, I976) and Kieran Williams s ThePragueSpringandItsAftermath (Cambridge, 1997), was striking. A single volume which attempts to span a period longer than a millennium is inevitably forced to lean more towards brevity than detail when discussing historical events. No doubt specialists on particular periods will be frustrated by the lack of depth and the glossing over of particular events, but Toma and Kovac should be commended for their book. Those with a reading knowledge of Slovak would be best advised to go straight to the work of Lubomir Liptak; whereas those who want a better introduction to contemporary Slovak politics should turn to Karen Henderson's Slovakia:TheEscapefromInvisibility(London, 2002). Nevertheless, for the reader of the SlavonicandEast EuropeanReviewwho feels his/her knowledge of Slovak history is patchy and in need of reinforcement , I would recommend they read Toma and Kova's book. School ofSlavonic andEastEuropean Studies T. HAUGHTON University College London Magyar Orszagos Leveltar. Kiraiyi kdnyvek. On CD-ROM. 4 disks:Vols I-9, 1527-I647; Vols IO-I7, I647-I683; Vols I8-26, I682-I703; Vols 27-38, I703-1740. Distributed by Arcanum Digiteka (www.arcanum .hu). Budapest, 2000-2002. HFT io,ooo per disk. THEHungarian 'Royal Books' (Libriregii,Kirayikdnyvek) were originallyheld in theroyalchancelleryandconsistedof copiesof charters,bound chronologically together in thick volumes. The copies were either made because the originalswere consideredat the time of theirissueto be of unusualimportance or, more usually, commissioned at the behest of the owner or recipient of a deed because he thought it worthwhile to have a transcript made of its contents. For this service, he had to pay, and the price itself determined whether a full transcription was made or just a short summary of the deed's contents. The Royal Books contain a medley of material relating, among REVIEWS 555 much else, to royal grants of rights to markets and tolls, ennoblements, pardons, divorces, gifts of land and other transactions affecting property, treaties with the Turk and articles of the estates. Prudent landowners might even choose to have copied letters adjourning suits which involved their propertyas well as the written assuranceof the rulerthat he had no claim on theirland. Later,the Royal Booksalso includedcopies of patentsof invention. The institutionof the Royal Booksgoes backto the Middle Ages and, most probably, to the fourteenth century. The medieval volumes, including those compiled during the reign of John I Zapolya (1526-40) were lost as a consequence of the naufragium, which claimed the bulk of the royal archive in 1526, and of the Turkishoccupation of Budawhich began in I54I. The extant seriesthuscommences only in I 527, followingupon the Habsburgsuccession. Altogether, seventy-threevolumes survivefrom this year up until I 914 when the institution fell into desuetude (to be formally abolished in 1920). By this time thepurposeof theRoyal Bookswasalmostsolelyto recordennoblements. A separateseriesof books was compiled in Transylvaniaduringthe sixteenth and seventeenthcenturies,afterwhich, in i 690, theywere removedto Vienna. By I848 these had reachedfifteenvolumes...

Slovakia: From Samo to Dzurinda by Peter A. s> Toma Dušan Kováč (review)

REVIEWS 553 This collection includes much useful information on English and Scottish travellersin Hungary (John Smith, Lithgow, Poyntz, even Pocock)up to the nineteenth century when Richard Bright and Julia Pardoe informed curious readersabout the situation in that country. The latter described a concert by FerencLisztin Pestin I840 which ended in general acclaim and the donation of a sword to the great pianist. But Festwas also interestedin less important travellers as well -few people would have heard of the Scottish Andrew A. Patonwho describednot only the capitalbut alsoDebrecen and Szeged, or Jane Emily Gerard whose TheLandBeyond theForest (i888) is a sympathetic account of her life in Transylvania.This collection includes articleson these and many other Englishmen and Scotsmen interested in the Kingdom of Hungary. Sandor Fest died in 1944 but the Chair in English at Debrecen existsto this day and (asKoltay-Kastnerwrote about him some yearsafterhis death) 'thereis hardlyany scholarof Englishstudies[. . .] who would not have learnedfromhim'. Apartfrombeing a conscientiousscholar,SandorFestwas also an outstandingteacherof a whole generation. DaviwnCollege, Cambridge GEORGE GOMORI Toma, PeterA. and Kovac, Dugan. Slovakia: FromSamotoDzurinda. Studies of Nationalities. Hoover Institution Press, Stanford, CA, 200 1. xxxi + 432 pp. Maps. Tables. Notes. Indexes. $24.95 (paperback). HOOVER Institution Press make grand claims for Peter Toma and Dugan Kova's book. The backcover declareshistoricalaccountsof Slovakiaand the Slovak people have often been 'either sketchy, romanticized versions of a pastoral society or nationalistic, exaggerated exaltations of the past'; in contrast the publishers claim Slovakia: FromSamoto Dzurindaoffers a 'true history of the Slovak people without prejudice'. Potential readers, however, should not let such ludicrous assertions put them off reading Toma and Kovac's informativeaccount of Slovakhistory. The book, part of a Studies of Nationalities series which includes Charles King's TheMloldovans: Romania,Russia,and thePoliticsof Culture (2000) and Andrejs Plakans's The Latvians.A ShortHistory(1995), provides a clear introduction to Slovak history. The book concentrates mainly on twentieth centurySlovakhistory,butthe firstforty-sixpagesnavigatethe readerthrough the travails of pre-i914 history, providing good summaries of the Great MoravianEmpire,theimpactoftheReformation,theTurkishandNapoleonic invasions, the enlightened policies of MlariaTheresa and Joseph II, and the position of Slovaksunder Hungarianrule. Given the furore over the publication of Milan Durica's DejinySlovenska a Slovdkov(Bratislava, 1995), and the criticisms levelled at Stanislav Kirschbaum'sAHistory ofSlovakia: TheStrugglefor Survival (New York,I996), the litmustestof anybook examining Slovakhistoryisitstreatmentof the wartime period. Toma and Kova offera balanced account of Slovakiabetween 939 and 1945. The Tiso state is heavily criticized for its complicity in the Holocaust/Shoah, but the authors also highlight the benefits, particularlyin terms of employment opportunities, accorded to Slovaks thanks to the 554 SEER, 8i, 3, 2003 expulsion of 20,000 Czech state employees in addition to the 'exclusion of the Jewish population from the Slovak economy' (p. I26). Moreover, whilst the wartime resistance and the Slovak National Uprising are treated in some depth, there is no attempt to romanticize an iconic period in Slovak history. It was not just the Nazis, but also Slovak resistance fighters who committed 'inhumane acts of brutality and murder' during the Second World War (P. 146). Two criticisms, however, deserve to be levelled at the book. Firstly, the subtitle is badly chosen. As the authors themselves point out, Samo was neither a Slovak (he was a Frankish merchant), nor did he unify the Slovaks, but rather 'created the first historically known tribal union of Slavs' in the seventh century (p. 4). To put both Samo and current Slovak Prime Minister Mikulas Dzurinda's names in the subtitle smacks more of the need for a catchy subtitle than good history. Secondly, the book lacks a bibliography or at least a guide for further reading. The inquisitive reader is left, therefore, to follow up the authors' notes. Although these are on the whole helpful, the omission of references to the two best books on the Prague Spring, Gordon Skilling's Czechoslovakia's Interrupted Revolution(Princeton, NJ, I976) and Kieran Williams s ThePragueSpringandItsAftermath (Cambridge, 1997), was striking. A single volume which attempts to span a period longer than a millennium is inevitably forced to lean more towards brevity than detail when discussing historical events. No doubt specialists on particular periods will be frustrated by the lack of depth and...

Issues Update: A National Uprising

Issues Update: A National Uprising

A National Uprising

Log in or Register Subscribe to journalSubscribe Get new issue alertsGet alerts Enter your Email address: Wolters Kluwer Health may email you for journal alerts and information, but is committed to maintaining your privacy and will not share your personal information without your express consent. For more information, please refer to our Privacy Policy. Subscribe to eTOC Secondary Logo Journal Logo All Articles Images Videos Podcasts Blogs Advanced Search Toggle navigation Subscribe Register Login Articles & Issues Current IssueArchivesePub Ahead-of-Print Collections Acute/Critical CareArt of Nursing Back to BasicsCase ReportsContinuing EducationDisaster and Emergency PreparednessEnvironmental Health and IssuesEthics Evidence-Based Practice, Step by StepFamily CaregiversGeriatric NursingHolistic NursingIn The CommunityInfectious DiseaseInfluenza Classics from the AJN ArchivesInternational TopicsLegal ClinicMental HealthMilitary and Veterans Health Care New to NursingNurse's Week 2019Nursing Research, Step By StepNursing ResourcesPalliative CarePatient SafetyPatient Safety-Safety MonitorPolicy and PoliticsProfessional Development, Leadership and ScholarshipProfessional Partners Supporting Diverse Family Caregivers Across SettingsProfilesPutting Patients First – The Planetree CollectionQI: Quality ImprovementResearchSocial Media and Information TechnologySpecial SupplementsStrip SavvySupporting Family Caregivers: No Longer Home AloneSystematic Reviews Step by StepTeaching For PracticeTransforming Care at the Bedside (TCAB)Uniforms (Nursing)Uniting States, Sharing StrategiesWomen's HealthWriting Resources Multimedia PodcastsVideosHow to Try This VideosNew Look at the Old VideosSupporting Family CaregiversWebinars CE/NCPDFor Authors Submit a ManuscriptInformation for AuthorsLanguage Editing ServicesAuthor Permissions Journal Info About the JournalAdvertising and BusinessAJN Photo Exhibit: Faces of CaringAuthor Guidelines - ReflectionsAward WinnersBook of the Year AwardsContact InfoEditorial BoardInformation for FacultyInformation for MediaInformation for Peer ReviewersLetters to the EditorNurse Faculty Scholars / AJN Mentored Writing AwardOpen AccessReprintsRights and PermissionsSubscription ServicesNurses: Submit Your Photos! All Articles Images Videos Podcasts Blogs Advanced Search

Konkursy na beneficja w Królestwie Polskim 1817-1865 : (w diecezji augustowskiej czyli sejneńskiej)

The status of the church in Polish state was regulated by King Alexander I‘s edict from 6th and 8th March 1817. The edict said about a church appointment. A candidate for a perish-priest was due to take two competition examinations. The first theoretical examination included five subjects. The second one was practical, a candidate was examined about serving of the secraments and he had to write a sermon. When a candidate entered for the examination he also had to submit his life memoir and a dean’s opinion of his personal life. After the exam the examiners sent the results to a bishop who further informed the proper state commision of Religion and Public Education. If a candidate did not become a parish-priest for a period of three years he had to re-entere for the examination.
 When a bishop presented the name of a priest-candidate he submitted some other documents; a hand life memoir certified by the consistory, a dean’s opinion about the priest’s personal lif and his fulfilment of the church duties, a police report of a candidate’s attitude to the national uprisings, report of the results of his teaching religion at school or catechization at church, a report of the church authorities about the conditions of the presbytery he was in charge of, a report of the Court of Peace about the candidate’s registering work, a declaration that he was not a member of a secret society. Some documents concerned only the bishops who intended to charge a parish and some were valid for a definite period o f time.

The National Uprisings in the Soviet Union

Recently published histories of national groups living under Soviet rule provide a rich secondary literature on the various paths taken by these groups to be incorporated into the Russian empire and the Soviet state. Social scientists who want a differentiated understanding of political mobilization among the various nationalities should not ignore these important contributions. This review essay attempts to synthesize these histories in order to provide a coherent model of nationality politics. Proposing an “elite incorporation model” of political mobilization, the essay accounts for different sources of national protest. The model weight not only the pressures for national autonomy and republican sovereignty but also the pressures that provide support for the Union.

The national liberation war in the French language novel of Algeria

Shortly before the national uprising of 1 November 1954, Mouloud Mammeri's first novel, La Colline oubliee, was given a laudatory reception by the French press, notably the Algerian-based colonial newspapers.' These rather unusual praises were met with suspicion and even defiance in Algerian nationalist circles. One of the most outspoken and characteristic reactions came from Mohammed Cherif Sahli, an influential member of the intelligentsia in the early fifties:

The Uprising: Causes and Consequences

The national uprising by Palestinians in the West Bank and Gaza Strip has raised a number of critical questions. Why, after two decades of belligerent occupation, are Palestinians now able collectively to challenge the ability of the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) to control the streets of the West Bank and Gaza Strip? How are they sustaining the uprising? What is the potential role for an Arab national party in Israel's next election? Will the Israeli body politic recognize the dangers of remaining an occupier?

3: Keeping Refugee Status: A Tibetan Perspective

Center for Migration Studies special issuesVolume 5, Issue 2 p. 54-65 Free Access 3: Keeping Refugee Status: A Tibetan Perspective Dorsh Marie de Voe, Dorsh Marie de VoeSearch for more papers by this author Dorsh Marie de Voe, Dorsh Marie de VoeSearch for more papers by this author First published: March 1987 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2050-411X.1987.tb00494.xCitations: 1AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat References Cited Avedon, John F. 1980 An Interview with the Dalai Lama. New York: Littlebird. Avedon, John F. 1984 In Exile From the Land of Snows. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. Bureau of His Holiness the Dalai Lama 1969 Tibetans in Exile: 1959–1969. Dharamsala, India: Bureau of His Holiness the Dalai Lama. Corlin, Claes 1975 The Nation in Your Mind: Continuity and Change Among Tibetan Refugees in Nepal. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation. University of Goteborg, Sweden. de Voe, Dorsh 1984 Psycho-social Dimensions of Cultural Conservation among Tibetan Refugees in India. China Border Areas Conference, Taipei, Taiwan. Ekvall, Robert B. 1960 The Tibetan Self-Image. Pacific Affairs 33(4): 374– 382. Ekvall, Robert B. 1964 Religious Observances in Tibet: Patterns and Functions. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Erikson, Erik H. 1964 Insight and Responsibility. New York: W.W. Norton. Goldstein, Melvyn C. 1978 Ethnogenesis and Resource Competition Among Tibetan Refugees in South India: A New Face to the Indo-Tibetan Interface. In Himalayan Anthropology. James F. Fisher, ed. Pp. 395– 420. The Hague: Mouton. His Holiness the Dalai Lama 1979 Statement of His Holiness the Dalai Lama in the 20th Anniversary of the Tibetan National Uprising of March 10, 1959. The Tibet Society Newsletter 7: 1. Miller, Beatrice D. 1978 Tibetan Culture and Personality: Refugee Responses to a Culture-Bound TAT. In Himalayan Anthropology. James F. Fisher, ed. Pp. 365– 393. The Hague: Mouton. Palakshappa, T. C. 1978 Tibetans in India: A Case Study of Mundgod Tibetans. New Delhi: Sterling. Peterson, William 1958 A General Typology of Migration. American Sociological Review 23(6): 256– 265. Scudder, Thayer and Elizabeth Colson 1982 From Welfare to Development: A Conceptual Framework for the Analysis of Dislocated People. In Involuntary Migration and Resettlement: The Problems and Responses of Dislocated People. Art Hansen and Anthony Oliver-Smith, eds. Pp. 267– 287. Boulder, Colo.: Westview. Citing Literature Volume5, Issue2Special Issue: People in UpheavalMarch 1987Pages 54-65 ReferencesRelatedInformation

The Sociology of National Character

When pluralities interact in national collectivities they develop common suppositions, pursue conjoint objectives, and measure performance against similar ideas: they form, in short, national characters. Interest in national character de veloped among Enlightenment thinkers prior to the great na tional revolutions. Montesquieu even speculated about the role of various physical and social factors in their formation. Following the national revolutions, national character acquired metaphysical status. It was used to promote nationalism in areas still largely outside the emerging complex and to consoli date and buttress the national communities already formed. Conceived as the inherent spirit or genius of a people, national character was often speculated to be biological in origin and conceived as the primary agency of historical change as in Hegel's theory of social-historical development. Despite soci ology's origin as a collectivistic social philosophy, its founders were too concerned with progress and the regeneration of hu manity to pay much attention to national character. Later schools, particularly conflict theory and social behaviorism, proved more receptive to the idea. Since national character refers to properties that pluralities display in national com munities, the sociology of national character has potential sig nificance for anyone dealing with the conflict situations of our age: national uprisings, the formation of international blocs, and cold and hot wars in which nation-states are the ultimate antagonists.

Kastus Kalinouski

Kastus Kalinouski