National Survey Of Employment Research Articles

The impact of the minimum wage on income and employment in Mexico

This article analyses the effects of a rise in the minimum wage on wages and employment in Mexico. The source of variation is the equalization in late 2012 of the minimum wage in two areas of the country. Using the National Occupation and Employment Survey (ENOE), econometric analyses are performed of cross-section and individual panel data. The results of the first indicate that, on average, the hourly wage in zone B rose by between 1.6% and 2.6% for workers overall and between 1.8% and 3.3% for wage workers. The panel analysis yields similar results. Although the cross-section analysis does not show an impact in terms of employment, the panel data indicate that the probability of being an informal (formal) worker falls (rises) among those affected by the wage rise policy.

The Impact of Unpaid Work on Employment Status in Mexico

Women in Mexico spent at least three times as much time on unpaid work compared to men. It is argued that these duties restrict women in their time use and channel them into flexible working arrangements, which are predominantly in the informal economy. This motivates the hypothesis investigated in this paper, that unpaid work impacts employment status of women in Mexico. The empirical investigations are made using the national occupation and employment survey of Mexico. The results obtained from the sequential logit model suggest that hours spend on unpaid work decrease the probability of being formally employed of women.

An Analysis of Key Aspects of the Illiterate Ecuadorian Population Aged 15 Years and Older

This article aims to provide an analysis of several aspects that comprise the profile of the Ecuadorian population aged 15 years old and over who do not know how to read and write. The approach, employed in this research study, focuses on a descriptive analysis and a multidimensional statistical analysis. Available data from the National Survey of Employment, Unemployment and Underemployment of Ecuador (ENEMDU), conducted by the National Institute of Statistics and Censuses (INEC) in 2016, was utilized as the main source of information in the study. One of the previous surveys, conducted in the country in 2006, suggested that the equivalent percentage of the illiterate population was 8.63%; therefore, these data indicate that the population under examination has decreased considerably in the last ten years. This means that a highly important enhancement in terms of literacy has occurred over this period of time in Ecuador. The study results, drawn from the descriptive analysis and the hierarchical analysis carried out as part of this research, may be key at the moment of creating policies, educational campaings and nationwide, special programs focused on helping reduce and eliminate illiteracy across the nation in the upcoming years.

Predictors of Employment Status Among Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorder

Abstract Date Presented 3/31/2017 Multivariate logistic regression analyses of a national employment survey of adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) revealed disability disclosure and higher education increased the participants’ likelihood of employment. This information may prove useful to occupational therapists working with adults with ASD. Primary Author and Speaker: Alisha Ohl

The Impact of Poverty in the Young Ecuadorian Citizens Aged 5-14: A Data Analysis

The objective of the study is to examine the educational and social profile of young people aged 5-14 of Ecuador by means of a statistical analysis of this sector of the Ecuadorian population, based on data from the National Survey of Employment, Unemployment and Underemployment from 2015. The statistical analysis shows the frequency and percentages of the variables used in the investigation. We use contingency tables in order to explore the relationship between the variables under investigation and the poverty in this age group.

The Social Profile of Students in Basic General Education in Ecuador: A Data Analysis

The objective of this study is to examine the social profile of students who are enrolled in Basic General Education in Ecuador. Both a descriptive and multidimensional statistical analysis was carried out based on the data provided by the National Survey of Employment, Unemployment and Underemployment in 2015. The descriptive analysis shows the frequency and percentages of variables used in the investigation, and the multidimensional statistical analysis demonstrates the principal and more important criteria of differentiation and classification among the clusters of students who were investigated. These methods involve factorial analysis of multiple correspondences which demonstrate criteria of differentiation and a hierarchical cluster analysis to define clusters of students according to their common traits.

The Use of New Technologies in Basic Education: An Approach to Profile of Indigenous Ecuadorians

<p style="text-align:justify">This article aims to define the profile of Ecuadorian indigenous students who study at different levels of basic education in Ecuador in the context of the application and use of emerging technologies in the last five years. This approach focuses on a comparative analysis between indigenous and non-indigenous students, based on the national data from the National Survey of Employment, Unemployment and Underemployment of Ecuador (ENEMDU) 2006, 2011 and 2015, along with the contribution of other statistical sources, such as the 2001 and 2010 Census of the National Statistics Institute of Ecuador (INEC). The results show a significant difference in the use of ICTs between indigenous students and non-indigenous students, the majority of whom are mixed mestizo with minorities of montubios, blacks, whites, mulattos, afro-Ecuadorians and others. The interest in acquiring knowledge about one of the most precarious social sectors of Ecuadorian society, the indigenous population, is justified by the absence of studies about this subject, by the need to know the possible limitations or barriers, geographic, cultural and economic, and in the characterization of its profile, which will allow in future studies to deepen the process of appropriation of information and communication technologies in the applications, management and impact of ICTs and in the educational process of Ecuadorian indigenous students.</p>

A Multidimensional Statistical Analysis of Artisans and Unskilled Workers of Ecuador

The objective of this study is to highlight the social characteristics of the unskilled workers and artisans of Ecuador through a descriptive and multidimensional statistical analysis of data from the 2015 National Survey of Employment, Unemployment and Self-employment. The descriptive statistical analysis demonstrates the frequencies and percentages of the variables of the investigation while the multidimensional statistical analysis shows the principal criteria of differentiation and classification between the groups of people surveyed. The methods involved a factorial analysis of multiple correspondences indicating the criteria of differentiation, and a statistical hierarchical analysis, which attempts to define the subjects surveyed according to their common traits.

An Analysis of the Social Profile of 15 to 17 Year Old Students in Ecuador Regarding Secondary School Attendance and Truancy

The objective of this study is to examine the factors influencing school attendance among the secondary school population between the ages of 15 and 17 in Ecuador, by means of a descriptive and multidimensional analysis of statistical data principally from the 2015 National Survey of Employment, Unemployment and Underemployment of Ecuador (ENEMDU). The descriptive analysis demonstrates the frequency and percentages of the variables used in the investigation, while comparing the social characteristics of student attendees and absentees in this age group. This descriptive analysis was conducted in order to provide a more enlightening profile of attendance and truancy regarding this sector of the student population whereas the method of multidimensional statistical analysis used was the hierarchical analysis which classifies the students in clusters according to their common traits.

The Social Characteristics of Postgraduate Students in Ecuador: A Multidimensional Statistical Analysis

The purpose of this study is to investigate social characteristics of postgraduate students in Ecuador. The study was conducted with the use of a descriptive and multidimensional statistical analysis, and data from the National Survey of Employment, Unemployment and Underemployment corresponding to 2015. The descriptive analysis has shown the frequencies and percentages of the variables of the research. The multidimensional statistical analysis was used in order to show the main and most important criteria of differentiation and the classification in clusters of people being studied. The methods used are the factorial analysis of multiple correspondences that presents the criteria of differentiation and the hierarchical clustering that defines the groups of people due to their common characteristics.

2015: Auge Laboral en la Región Metropolitana Guadalajara

En 2015, la población de la Región Metropolitana Guadalajara (RMG), registra un auge ocupacional. Más de 73 mil nuevas ocupaciones fueron generadas por nueve ramas de actividad económica. Sin embargo, estas ocupaciones resultan insuficientes para cubrir las necesidades que demanda la población en edad de trabajar (15 y más años de edad). Cabe señalar que el mayor crecimiento lo experimenta la fuerza de trabajo en términos generales y por rama de actividad económica donde labora. Pero a la vez, dicha fuerza de trabajo incrementó su compra-venta bajo disímbolas condiciones de precariedad. Por lo tanto se observa que el mayor nivel de ocupación se realiza bajo condiciones de precariedad laboral (en aras de incrementar ganancias) lo cual contraviene el postulado constitucional establecido en el artículo 1233. Ello, conlleva a incrementar la inestabilidadheterogeneidad laboral en la población de la RMG, principalmente de la fuerza de trabajo. Cabe señalar que el análisis de la información estadística: Encuesta Nacional del Empleo y la Ocupación (ENOE, segundo trimestre de cada año del periodo) 4, se fundamenta en la perspectiva teórica conceptual de la economía política y la sociología del trabajo.Revista Población y Desarrollo: Argonautas y Caminantes Vol.12, 2016: 41-50

The Educational and Social Profile of the Indigenous People of Ecuador: A Multidimensional Analysis

The objective of the study is to examine the educational level and the social profile of the indigenous people of Ecuador by means of a descriptive and multidimensional statistical analysis of this sector of the Ecuadorian population, based on data from the National Survey of Employment, Unemployment and Underemployment from 2015. The descriptive analysis shows the frequency and percentages of the variables used in the investigation, while the multidimensional statistical analysis is used in order to show the principal and most important criteria of differentiation and classification among the groups of people investigated. These methods involve a factorial analysis of multiple correspondences which demostrates the criteria of differentiation and a hierarchical cluster analysis to define groups of people according to their common traits.

The Ecuadorian Amazon: A Data Analysis of Social and Educational Characteristics of the Population

The present study describes the social and educational characteristics of the Ecuadorian Amazon population. For this purpose, the data obtained from the National Survey of Employment, Unemployment and Underemployment of 2014 was used in this research. A descriptive statistical analysis presents the frequency, the percentages and the graphs of the variables related to the area in which people live, gender, age, ethnic self-identification, language spoken, marital status and level of instruction. Other variables are the use of computer and internet, place of birth, reason why they live in the Amazon region, type of activity or inactivity, how do they feel in their jobs, and groups of occupation. Also, a factorial analysis was used to show the main and most important criteria of differentiation and the the clusters of people with similar characteristics.

English

In this study, we analysed factors that influence crop output commercialisation among smallholder farmers in Cote d’Ivoire. Unlike previous studies, we correct for sample selection bias by using the Heckman maximum likelihood sample selection model with village fixed effects. We rely on a unique and detailed dataset that covers 3,393 smallholder farmers. The dataset was gathered from the 2014 National employment survey collected by the National Institute of Statistics (INS) Côte d’Ivoire. Results from the study suggest that cooperative membership and land tenure security raise the level of marketed outputs of Ivorian farmers. Female headed households sold lower proportions of their outputs than their male counterparts. Labour shortage is a major constraint to crop output commercialisation. From a policy perspective, the Government should revive its interest in collective actions such as cooperatives, facilitate farmer’s access to credit, improve food crop productivity and enhance mechanization. Key words: Crop commercialisation, Côte d’Ivoire, smallholder farmers, agriculture.

Did partnership in Ireland deliver for all workers? Unions and earnings

PurposeAfter 20 years of social partnership in Ireland the purpose of this paper is to use a national survey of firms and employees to examine the extent of the wage gap between union and non-union workers in the private sector and compare the degree of wage inequality in union and non-union firms and among union and non-union employees.Design/methodology/approachThe analysis in the paper is based on the National Employment Survey carried out by the Central Statistics Office in October 2008. Approximately 9,000 enterprises were sampled and almost 5,000 enterprises responded – a response rate of over 50 per cent while almost 100,000 employees were sampled and 65,535 completed the questionnaire – a response rate of over 60 per cent. In total 22 per cent (14,619) of respondents worked in the public sector and 78 per cent (50,916) in the private sector.FindingsIt appears that over time the earnings premium enjoyed by unionised workers has declined. This may reflect a long term decline in union bargaining power in the private sector as union density levels have declined. Even so unionised employees enjoy a wage premium over non-union employees and collective coverage appears to reduce levels of income inequality. However, the overall union wage gap is relatively modest – being generally below 10 per cent possibly due to the harmonising effects associated with the period of social partnership supported by government trade unions and employers.Research limitations/implicationsThe cross-sectional nature of the data means that the factors associated with variations in employee earnings over time cannot be identified.Practical implicationsThere is substantial evidence of a considerable spill-over effect as nationally agreed rates of pay percolated from the union to the non-union sector. It may also be the case that social partnership has acted to reduce wage inequality in non-union as well as union establishments. It appears that partnership type arrangements have the capacity to deliver for all workers in the private sector.Originality/valueA unique aspect of the national survey data used here is the availability of employer/employee matched data from a robust national level survey with measures of union membership, earnings, individual and employment characteristics.

Current Trends in Employment of Individuals With Disabilities: Emerging Role of Occupational Therapists

Abstract Date Presented 4/8/2016 Data from the 2015 Kessler National Employment Survey was used to examine occupational deprivation of people with disabilities in the workplace. The emerging role of occupational therapists in supporting employment pursuits of people with disabilities will be discussed. Primary Author and Speaker: Vidya Sundar Contributing Author: Andrew Houtenville

Índice de Confianza al Consumidor

Se estudia el Índice de Confianza al Consumidor -ICC en el Ecuador y en las 5 provincias donde se levanta la información necesaria para el cálculo de este índice. Los datos necesarios son recopilados por el Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos - INEC, mediante la Encuesta Nacional de Empleo, Desempleo y Subempleo – ENEMDU. URL: http://revistas.uta.edu.ec/erevista/index.php/bcoyu/article/view/597

Skill gaps in the workplace: measurement, determinants and impacts

AbstractOptimal training decisions require employers to have accurate information about their workers’ training needs. However, little is known with regard to the key factors determining the accurate transmission of worker training requirements. Using one of the few linked employer–employee surveys in the world, the 2006 Irish National Employment Survey, this article identifies the key factors determining the correct identification of skill gaps within firms. The impact of skill gaps on average training expenditures and labour costs is also measured. The research finds that both HRM and collective bargaining arrangements are important factors in facilitating the accurate identification of skill gaps within firms. The analysis confirms that skill gaps are a key determinant of training expenditures and tend to raise average labour costs. Finally, the evidence suggests that employee perceptions of skill gaps may be prone to higher levels of subjective bias relative to those based on the employers’ views.

Examining the relationship between employee indicators of resistance to changes in job conditions and wider organisational change

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to use a linked employer-employee data set, the National Employment Survey, to examine the determinants of organisational change and employee resistance to change and, specifically, to examine the influence of employee inflexibility on the implementation of firm-level policies aimed at increasing competitiveness and workforce flexibility. A key finding arising from the research is that while workforce resistance to job-related change often forces firms to seek alternative means of achieving labour flexibility, there appears little that firms can do to prevent such resistance occurring. The presence of HRM staff, consultation procedures, wage bargaining mechanisms, bullying and equality polices, etc. were found to have little impact on the incidence of workforce resistance to changes in job conditions.Design/methodology/approach– The objectives of this paper are twofold: first, the authors model the determinants of a measure of workforce resistance to job-related change and, second, the authors assess the impact of workforce resistance on the probability that firms will implement various wider forms of organisational change using linked employer-employee data.Findings– Workforce resistance to proposed changes in job conditions was found to be lower in organisations employing higher shares of educated workers and also in smaller firms. HRM and employee relations measures were found to have little impact on worker resistance to changing employment conditions, while trade union density was important only with respect to alterations to core terms and conditions. Resistance was found to be important for wider organisational change.Research limitations/implications– From a policy perspective, the key finding arising from the research is that while workforce resistance to job-related change often forces firms to seek alternative means of achieving flexibility, there appears little that firms can do to prevent such resistance occurring or mediating its impacts. The presence of HRM staff, consultation procedures, wage bargaining mechanisms, bullying and equality polices, etc. were found to have little impact on the incidence of workforce resistance to changes in job conditions.Social implications– The results support the hypothesis that the increased use of peripheral workers observed in many aspect of the economy is due, at least in part, to inflexibility among existing workers to take on additional roles and responsibilities.Originality/value– The paper utilises a linked employee-employer data set in a novel way to investigate within firm relationships and tests a number of hypotheses using advanced econometric techniques.

Determinants of satisfaction in the workplace: differences and similarities between male and female employees in Chile

This paper empirically examines the major determinants of Chilean male and female employees' satisfaction. Two variables represent one's satisfaction with the workplace: having a full-time job and receiving a quality benefit package. We extract data from the 2009 national employment survey in Chile and observe over 426,000 Chilean employees in our sample. The survey data show that women's participation in the labour force is significantly lower than that of men's. Female employees tend to have higher education levels. However, male Chilean employees are more likely to work full-time and to have better benefits. We conduct econometric tests to examine various determinants of workplace satisfaction. Education and skill levels are found to have significant, positive effects on both male and female employees' satisfaction. Marriage and family status contribute the most to the differences between female and male employees' satisfaction.