National Solidarity Research Articles

Social Solidarity during the Pandemic

Abstract Social solidarity is the conscious and voluntary affinity between human beings that instills in them a sense of guaranteed mutual assistance. Israeli society has long been characterized as having a high level of national solidarity, especially in times of crisis. The COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 put this notion to the test. The lack of agreement about fundamental norms of civil society in general and the nature of Israeli democracy in particular questioned the interdependence of its communities. This study examines the pandemic's effect on the sense of social solidarity in Israel. Using a quantitative approach and a representative sample of the adult population, the results show that the pandemic did affect the sense of solidarity. Moreover, taking into account long-standing religious and ideological cleavages in Israel, the pandemic exacerbated existing divisions among different groups.

Is subversion just another version of state aversion? Notes on Herzfeld’s Subversive archaism

Is subversion just another version of state aversion? Notes on Herzfeld’s <i>Subversive archaism</i>

Can the Past Be Repaired? Divided Narratives and National Solidarity

Can the Past Be Repaired? Divided Narratives and National Solidarity

Pensión 65 y acceso a los servicios de salud del adulto mayor: Perú 2019

The present research work had as objective: to analyze if the National Solidarity Assistance program: pension 65 allows to increase the probability of access of the elderly to health services; Taking into account the challenges of all the countries of the world and especially Peru, it is of vital importance to know if the country aims to comply with generating a state of total well-being for the elderly. We worked with a sample of 10,983 older adults who during 2019 reported discomfort, illness, relapse or accident, using the 2019 National Household Survey [ENAHO] and its respective modules as a source of information. The research was of a quantitative type of non-experimental cross-correlational-causal design, the logistic method was applied and =β_0+β_1×BeneficiaryP65+β_2×Rural+β_3×Woman+β_4×Age+β_5×Education+β_6×Employed+β_7× PoorNonExtreme+β_8×PoorExtreme, and the variables were: y= dummy variable that takes 1 when the older adult does not have access to health services due to not having sufficient economic resources, BeneficiaryP65, older adult according to area of residence, sex of the older adult, age , schooling, employment status and poverty status. &nbsp; When carrying out the respective analysis, an odds ratio of the constant 0.36422608 was obtained, predicting a low probability that older adults do not access health services due to lack of economic resources. The estimated odds ratios of the P65 Beneficiary, Age, and Education variables are less than one and significant, indicating the association of these variables with a greater probability of access to health services. The PoorExtreme and PoorNonExtreme coefficients are greater than one and significant, highlighting the relationship between poverty and less probability of access to health services, the odds ratio of the female variable is less than one and not significant, as is the employment status. . The estimated odds ratio of the Female variable is less than one and not significant, which suggests that there is not enough evidence to say that the female gender is associated with a lower or higher probability of access to health services. The estimated odds ratio of the Employed variable is greater than one, but not significant, which suggests that the fact of being employed is not related to the probability of access to health services. the estimated odds ratios of the P65 Beneficiary, Education, Extreme Poor and Non-Extreme Poor have a p-value less than 0.05, indicating that they are significant, an R^2 of 0.0281 was obtained.

اإلبقاء على موسيقى أم كلثوم في الرحلة مع السندباد وأوليسيس في سفينة جبرا إبراهيم جبر

By drawing on recent approaches to music listening, spatial and postcolonial theories, this paper examines the significance of various instances of intertextuality in Jabra Ibrahim Jabra’s The Ship. It argues that intertextuality in the novel enables the characters to sustain a sense of community and national solidarity immune to closure and disintegration in exile. This paper shows that the intertexts in the novel are resources of power, strength and agency necessary to fend off alienation and loss, and the intertextual fabric functions as a transformational space from denial into presence, from helplessness into determination. The paper concludes that (inter)textuality in the novel reflects a creative mode of resistance in Palestinian culture.

유럽 연대성(European Solidarity)의 딜레마 : F4(Frugal Four)를 위한 변명

이 연구는 팬데믹 위기 상황에서 논의된 유럽연합 공동채권발행을 반대했던 검약한 4국의 근원적인 행위 동기를 분석하고자 한다. 과연 검약한 4국이 공동채권발행을 반대했던 것은 그들의 강한 유럽 회의주의와 약한 유럽 연대성 때문인가? 이 연구는 검약한 4국의 공동채권발행에 대한 반대는 유럽 연대성의 다양성과 유럽통합의 구조(the rescue of European integration)를 위한 항의로 볼 수 있다는 대안적 해석을 제안한다. 이 연구는 대안적 해석의 경험적 타당성을 검토하기 위해 왜 검약한 4국이 공동채권발행에 반대했는가를 그들의 국가 재정체제(national fiscal system)와 재분배정책에서 고유한 특성이라는 관점에서 분석하고, 유럽 연대성에 대한 검약한 4국의 인식은 재정체제와 재분배정책으로 제도화된 국가 연대성(national solidarity)에 관한 그들의 고유한 맥락과 인식에 영향을 받는다는 것을 주장한다. 또한 이 연구는 검약한 4국의 공동채권발행에 대한 반대는 유럽통합이 심화할수록 유럽 연대성이 강화되는 것이 아니라, 오히려 유럽 연대성의 위기가 심화하는 상황, 즉 유럽 연대성의 딜레마를 보여준다고 주장한다.

Responsabilité médicale et expertise : de la loi du Talion à la loi Kouchner

Despite the appearance from the Mesopotamian era of medical responsibility, an apparent impunity of the doctor will be in place until the 19th century. In France, it will be necessary to wait for the Napoleonic codes of 1804 and 1810 in order to clearly dissociate the civil and criminal responsibilities of the doctor. If liability for fault remains the rule in medical matters today, the concept of liability without fault introduced by the industrial revolution and the legislation on industrial accidents was taken up by the Kouchner law of 2002. It definitively opens the way to a statutory and legal compensation for non-faulty medical accidents under national solidarity via the National Office for Compensation for Medical Accidents (ONIAM) and the Conciliation and Compensation Commissions (CCI). Expertise in medical liability is now the backbone of the victim compensation process. It guides the magistrate in the recognition of faulty or non-faulty medical liability and helps him to set the amount of compensation allocated with regard to bodily injury.

Becoming Laborers

AbstractThis article shows that the construction of the notion of dignified laborer during the Chinese New Culture Movement (1915–24) was not simply a reversal of preexisting social hierarchy that placed the mental laborers above the manual laborers but rather a complex and profound process of identity formation that created dynamic equalization between the national and the global, mental laborers and manual laborers, as well as men and women. Through reading a series of cultural and literary works, this article shows that the dignified laborer was an inclusive modern identity that gained traction during the New Culture Movement, when the Chinese intellectuals sought ways to foster national solidarity, realize the full potential of humanity, facilitate intersubjective understanding, and mend social divisions. As a result, this was a period when Chinese people from all walks vied to become laborers with dignity, amidst a rising democratic culture of reciprocal equal recognition.

To tighten or relax social bonds?: Vietnamese criticism and self-criticism, and liberal self-exploration

Among contemporary liberal political theorists in the West, there appears to be a standoff between two camps. One camp promotes tighter social bonds through collective responsibility and patriotic fellow-feeling while the other insists on the need for relaxed social bonds through respect for individual freedom. This essay shows how two Vietnamese thinkers—Ho Chi Minh (1872–1969) and Nguyen Manh Tuong (1909–1997)—can help move this intractable debate about collective responsibility and individual freedom beyond statements of principle to a more pragmatic discussion of what should be done to maintain a healthy polity. They present an alternative to the static standoff, arguing that dynamic oscillation between two activities can forge national fraternal solidarity while also respecting individual freedom when the needs arise: ‘criticism and self-criticism' which tightens social bonds, and ‘liberal self-exploration' which relaxes social bonds.

A Brief Analysis on Nationalism

What does it mean by a “nation” or a “nation-state” when scholars address them, and in what ways are they imagined? How is national solidarity imaginarily achieved? By default, linguists and political theorists assumed the nation to be a social construct, an entity imagined by a commune of people sharing some kinship or common ideological beliefs. For these people, they don't need to be bound to some existing connections such as vernacular connotations; especially from Benedict Anderson’s perspective, today’s modern world relies upon an unfailing realm wherein members feel a “horizontal” comradeship with each other. In all, this paper furthers Anderson’s argument to show the powerful, upper class might use the concept of nation to safeguard their dominating social status, and thereby become an unshakable, solidified existence in the social world. To prove the aforementioned claim, it first recaps Anderson’s core argument, “the nation does not exist, it is imagined”. Most people may consider that they reside in the same nation because of their biological inheritance, as they and people alike look very similar since, they were born. As a result, a primitive perception of a nation is born out of a community united by blood. Yet with the advancement of human civilization, the different nations loosened connections with each other through immigration and active interpenetration: warfare, cross-regional marketing, and chaos and rebellions. “No more arresting emblems of the modern culture of nationalism exist than cenotaphs and tombs of Unknown Soldiers. The public ceremonial reverence accorded these monuments precisely because they are either deliberately empty or no one knows who lies inside them, has no true precedents in earlier times.” (Benedict Anderson p.1) Ultimately, it shows people create noumenal evidence to show that they are in a nation that has been existing for a long time, nevertheless, the unreality of these substances may induce more existential problems.

Imagined Solidarities: Cairo‐Moscow and the Struggle for Realist Art

This essay examines an understudied history of reciprocal art exhibitions between Cairo and Moscow during the Cold War period. It focuses on the work of Gamal El Sagini, Inji Efflatoun, and Hamed Owais, and sets out their role in forging new networks of revolutionary art in the Soviet Union. By addressing how post‐colonial art was received and utilized in Soviet Russia, this article uncovers the extent of Soviet cultural engagement with Egypt, the African national liberation struggles, pan‐Arabism, and international solidarity amongst the Second and Third Worlds more broadly. Offering a more complex reading of the processes behind Soviet involvement in the utopian project of socialist worldmaking, this essay argues for the need to assess critically Soviet claims to anti‐imperialism, peace, international solidarity, and friendship. It discusses the role of art in these processes, and addresses the changing definitions of realism, nationalism, and humanism in the socialist world, making a contribution to alternative understandings of post‐war figuration.

30 Ağustos Zaferi İçin Bestelenmiş Şarkı ve Marşlara Yönelik Tematik Bir İnceleme

In this study, it is aimed to determine the songs and marches (anthems) composed for the August 30 Victory Day. This research is a thematic case study. The Harmony band repertoire, the Ministry of National Education music lesson library, school music books, and traditional and popular music genres were examined to obtain the data. As a result of the examination a limited number of compositions, which are thought to reflect the themes that can be included in the scope of August 30 Victory Day, have been reached. The compositions are mainly in the popular music genre. It has been determined as a result that the composers who gave works for the themes reflecting national unity and solidarity did not compose musical works within the framework of the 30 August Victory Day theme. In total 8 compositions were reached and 15 thematic words were extracted. It has been determined that these thematic words are used in 8 songs for 160 times in total.With this research it was thought that songs and marches with the theme of August 30 Victory Day must be composed more and take their place in the national celebrations and ceremonies. Because It is thought that more songs with the theme of victory is helping to remind future generations of their history and to feed national feelings up from the right foundations.

THE DEARTH OF NATIONAL HEROES IN PAKISTAN’S PRIMARY CURRICULUM: FROM THE PREVIOUSLY PRESCRIBED CURRICULUM TO THE NEWLY IMPLEMENTED SINGLE NATIONAL CURRICULUM

The single national curriculum is the latest decision of the Government of Pakistan in the education sector. One of the aims of introducing a single national curriculum is to inculcate the values of national solidarity and social cohesion. This study aims to identify the weightage given to the national heroes in the primary curriculum (the books in English and Urdu from grades 1 to 5) to instill the importance and values of nationalism and national integration. The content analysis method is used to identify the inclusion of national heroes in the old versus new curriculum. The detailed analysis of the content reveals no significant difference between the old and the new curriculum. The almost same content is used without giving much importance to the nation’s heroes. Also, there is the repetition of the same heroes. Moreover, the representation of local heroes and women role models from different fields of life are also scarce. Keywords: single national curriculum, national heroes, curriculum reforms, national integration, value development

States Reimagined: COVID-19, the Ordinary, and Extraordinary in Aotearoa/New Zealand

ABSTRACT Shifting public imaginaries have played a vital role in shaping government and citizen responses to COVID-19 in Aotearoa/New Zealand. During the nation’s first COVID-19 lockdown, the general public expressed support, and at times even enthusiasm, for strict measures put in place to curb the spread of the virus. Less than a year later, what had begun as a nationalistic rallying cry to ‘unite together’ and ‘be kind’ while ‘combatting COVID-19’ took on more sinister tones through government-sponsored moral panic, including the blaming and shaming of those who did not or could not uphold COVID-19 regulations. At the same time, growing dissent, particularly by those protesting COVID-19 vaccine mandates, steadily chipped away at government-promoted images of national solidarity. By early 2022, with the spread of omicron, the government stepped away from attempting to eradicate the virus and jettisoned its collectivist message, highlighting instead each New Zealander’s ‘personal responsibility’ to try and stay well. This article traces how citizen-State relations have been reimagined in Aotearoa/NZ over the first two years of the pandemic, the effects of various pubic- and government-supported moral imaginaries in enabling the government to exercise ‘extra-ordinary’ powers, and the power and fragility of national consensus-building in the midst of crisis. I suggest how examining the pandemic and pandemic responses as a ‘collective critical event’ enables us to trace not only how it altered citizens’ visions of the State, but their active engagements in reconfiguring and reimagining various states of social, economic, and cultural life.

‘경제발전’과 ‘지속가능성’의 사이에서

This study analyzes what choices Algeria, an emerging developing country, made between the pursuit of economic development and sustainability in the process of urbanization and where it is located. This study examines how the path-dependency of a multilayered system, such as colonial modernity, socialism, and adoption of a market economy, works in this process. To this end, the characteristics, current status, and issues of Algerian urbanization following social changes and system changes were identified, and its status was analyzed through the implementation of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as a common orientation of today’s global cities. As a result of the analysis, despite the promotion of the market economy, Algerian urbanization did not result in ‘poverty’ as it was based on the long-term balanced development policy in accordance with the principle of elimination of discrimination and national solidarity by strong decolonist socialism. On the other hand, it was found that infrastructure and housing supply fell short of the speed of urban overcrowding by not growing rapidly like cities in developmentalist countries in the past. This is embodied as an unusual pattern of implementation of SDGs in which ‘low inequality’ and ‘low urban sustainability’ coexist, which means that the balanced development policy has properly controlled the evils of modern capitalist urbanization centered on economic growth.

Gender relations and the establishment of the LGBT movement in Timor-Leste

The aim of this paper is to provide a baseline description of the establishment of the LGBTQI+ movement in Timor-Leste understood in the context of gender relations in the wider society and document its contesting of conservative values, advocacy for acceptance and respect for the human rights of LGBTQI+ peoples and successful alliance building with other progressive social forces in society. However, the movement is woefully under resourced and in need of much more national and international solidarity and support to carry out their crucial work.

Organic Solidarity in the National Response to COVID-19 in Brunei Darussalam

This paper examines the national solidarity in Brunei Darussalam during the COVID-19 pandemic and its consequential impact on younger generations. Utilising Emile Durkheim's solidarity theories, I examine how young people's social media use builds on state discourse in the pandemic. I contend that a shift towards an organic society is visible through a social cohesion that is based on differentiated roles. I argue that the citizenry plays a vital role in the forward momentum toward Industrial Revolution (IR) 4.0, which illustrates that solidarity cannot be forged as a top-down directive. By prompting economic and creative divisions of labour, the local use of social media in a public health crisis has shown the government a new way to foster solidarity. Significant implications for youth as future leaders of the nation are discussed.

Excluding the margins: Indonesian media’s framing of women and people with disability in the COVID-19 pandemic reporting

There are only a few pieces of research that show how online news covers the COVID-19 pandemic and its effect on different sections of society, including marginalized groups such as women and people with disabilities (PwD). During the COVID-19 pandemic, when marginalized people struggle for their livelihoods, inclusive journalism plays an important role. This research investigates the practice of inclusive journalism through the framing of women and PwD in some Indonesian online news media from March to June 2020. This research employed the content analysis method to analyse and study several news portals covering COVID-19 issues in local Yogyakarta and the national context. Framing data of the two marginalized groups showed the Indonesian news portals have portrayed women and PwD during the early phase of the pandemic. The dominant frames applied include government policies and solidarity for both women and PwD in national news, and solidarity and resilience for women and PwD in local news. It was found that all of the news on marginalized groups had a positive tone. However, because of limited access to marginalized groups and their supporters, government sources became dominant actors in determining news frames. Therefore, inclusive journalism has not been fully achieved.

Can regime change improve ethnic relations? Perception of ethnic minorities after the 2021 coup in Myanmar

AbstractRegime change often exacerbates ethnic conflict. This article examines the curious case of Myanmar, where a 2021 military coup was met, on the surface, with broad-based resistance across a divided society. An important question that therefore arises is whether, below the surface, this unity also took a more positive form of national solidarity. Were deep ethnic cleavages intensified or alleviated by the 2021 coup? This question bears theoretical relevance for the study of ethnic conflict and has social relevance for a nation marked by a long history of civil war and a recent experience of genocide against Rohingya Muslims. The article engages in a systematic examination of 180 social media posts uploaded in Burmese by key opinion leaders both before and after the coup. A qualitative analysis of major positive and negative themes indicates a shift in attitudes. The quantitative analysis shows that ethnic relations, measured by a change in themes, ratings and virality, improved significantly in the immediate aftermath of Myanmar's 2021 coup.

Mapping state-sponsored information operations with multi-view modularity clustering

This paper presents a new computational framework for mapping state-sponsored information operations into distinct strategic units. Utilizing a novel method called multi-view modularity clustering (MVMC), we identify groups of accounts engaged in distinct narrative and network information maneuvers. We then present an analytical pipeline to holistically determine their coordinated and complementary roles within the broader digital campaign. Applying our proposed methodology to disclosed Chinese state-sponsored accounts on Twitter, we discover an overarching operation to protect and manage Chinese international reputation by attacking individual adversaries (Guo Wengui) and collective threats (Hong Kong protestors), while also projecting national strength during global crisis (the COVID-19 pandemic). Psycholinguistic tools quantify variation in narrative maneuvers employing hateful and negative language against critics in contrast to communitarian and positive language to bolster national solidarity. Network analytics further distinguish how groups of accounts used network maneuvers to act as balanced operators, organized masqueraders, and egalitarian echo-chambers. Collectively, this work breaks methodological ground on the interdisciplinary application of unsupervised and multi-view methods for characterizing not just digital campaigns in particular, but also coordinated activity more generally. Moreover, our findings contribute substantive empirical insights around how state-sponsored information operations combine narrative and network maneuvers to achieve interlocking strategic objectives. This bears both theoretical and policy implications for platform regulation and understanding the evolving geopolitical significance of cyberspace.