W As HEN Thailand's military government collapsed in October 1973, the civilian government under Sanya Thammasak established new domestic priorities, high among them being a program to help the farmers. ' The Sanya Government had inherited a deteriorating situation in agriculture. The plight of tenant farmers, especially in the Central Region, was deteriorating, particularly through the exploitative operations of moneylenders. The previous military government had had no comprehensive land policy, but at least General Praphat Charusathian's political rhetoric late in I97i had broached the question of land reform.2 Unfortunately, the ardor with which Sanya's civilian government initially supported land reform legislation has subsequently subsided. Land reform legislation was also one of the major compaign issues during the 1975 general elections. Such reform affected too large an electorate to be opposed and was too popular with the farmers and the students alike to be totally ignored. Nevertheless, during these elections a small but powerful group of vested interests began to exert counterpressures, and the Kukrit government was conspicuous by its lukewarm approach toward land reform. The Land Reform for Agriculture Act (B.E. 25i8) passed recently by the Legislative Assembly has many loopholes, but it also signalled a shift in the future prospects for significant land reform. To illustrate, in the early days of the military regime of Thanom Kittikachorn, land reform was an idea barely tolerated. Even the Seminar officially sponsored by the Government and by U.N. agencies and held in Bangkok in I970, was titled National Seminar on Land Problems and Policies in Thailand, and placed emphasis on land administration, land settlement, and land consolidation programs,3
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