National Self-awareness Research Articles

НАЦІОНАЛЬНА ІДЕНТИЧНІСТЬ ЯК УМОВА ЗБЕРЕЖЕННЯ ТА ЗМІЦНЕННЯ ДЕРЖАВНОГО СУВЕРЕНІТЕТУ

The article points out the importance of the study of national identity since the constant development of a sovereign state depends on it. Different approaches to the definition of the concept of «national identity» as a form of collective identity are defined. The problems of modern research are hilighted. It is noted that the subject of the study is the content of the concept of "national identity"; features of this identity and its place among other collective identities; dependence of the solidarity of fellow citizens on national identity; the impact of the effectiveness of public administration on the formation of national identity. The article stressess that national identity is changing and may experience a crisis. One of these factors, which leads to a change in national identity, is globalization. The scientists’ interest in the problem of the formation of national identity is due to different circumstances in different countries. The article shows the peculiarity of the formation of national identity in democratic and non-democratic states. Examples of the formation of state identity in authoritarian states are given. The features of national identity and political nation and the connection of the processes of their formation are considered. Attention is paid to the factors influencing the national identity, *problems of the formation of Ukrainian identity. It is indicated that during the information war, the state must form a culture of critical perception of information, its analysis. The absence of such a culture leads to insecurity due to manipulative influences, the spread of Russian narratives. Russia’s full-scale war against Ukraine in 2022 accelerated the processes of national identification of Ukrainians and consolidation. This is confirmed by the results of sociological studies. The loss of national identity leads to the destruction of values, disintegration of society. An indicator of the success of the formation of national identity is patriotism and the stability of society in the struggle for the state sovereignty. The development of national identity and political nation in modern Ukraine is one of the main conditions for maintaining and strengthening state sovereignty. Key words: identity, national identity, national self-awareness, political nation, state sovereignty

CULTURES IN INDEPENDENT AZERBAIJAN IN THE SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL CONTEXT WITHIN THE NATIONAL SELF

The national-psychological character in culture is closely related to the national consciousness, self-protection, self-affirmation, national traditions, national psychology, and national self-awareness of the people. National self-awareness benefits to one degree or another from the activity of both national and national consciousness. Cultural elements of a national character reflect the history and experience of the people up to this day. Purpose – the purpose of the research work is to investigate the national self-awareness of cultures in the socio-psychological context, and at the same time, to make generalizations and obtain results in the direction of completely preserving the national content of national material and spiritual values. Methodology – research, applied forms and research of creative relations between cultures and scientific-artistic creative cooperation in a socio-psychological direction. The results of the research – In the process of cultural development, the contributions of the personality to the national and human culture were investigated more deeply in stages and evaluated from the socio-psychological and artistic-creative point of view.

The importance of Tofig Mahmud's children's dramas in the formation of national self-awareness

The importance of Tofig Mahmud's children's dramas in the formation of national self-awareness

Katehon i "prava strana istorije"

The paper confronts two views on historical trends and the selfperception of their leading subjects - that of modern progressivism, whose contemporary bearer is the USA with preconceived notion of its "exceptionalism", and the Russian role of a "restraining power" - Katechon. The first part of the Paper explains the secular, progressive worldview as the core of "American exceptionalism" and its conviction that it is on the "right side of history." The phrase "being on the right side of history", which grew out of this view, has been a commonplace in contemporary political polemics for decades, used by those who consider themselves "enlightened" and "progressive" in order to disqualify or condemn political opponents who, according to their opposition or disagreement, are on the "wrong side of history", i.e. in historical delusion regarding their position and desired development. The Paper, then, explains the Christian eschatological "optimistic pessimism" in understanding of the meaning of history as a unique and unrepeatable process, and, from it, gives explanation of the concept of the Katechon, the "power that restrains" and postpones its Eschaton. The biblical support for this belief is found in the Apostle Paul's "Second Epistle to the Thessalonians" and his words addressed to the Christians there, in which he explains that the second coming of Christ will not happen before the apostasy occurs, which will enable and invite the arrival of the "son of perdition", the Antichrist. His arrival is also historically conditioned, because the apostle prophesied: "And now you know what is keeping him from appearing until his time." (II Thessalonians, chapter 2,6). In this sense, the historical origin and development of the idea of Russia as the "third Rome" is investigated which, by transferring the empire (translatio imperii) as a defender of orthodoxy, became the historical bearer of the imperial ideal and designation of the Katechon. The realization and deviation from this ideal is followed throughout Russian history from the time of the "third Rome" through the "third International" to the contemporary moment of a kind of Third World War. The final part of the Paper analyzes the contemporary situation in Russia in relation to the reawakening of its historical ideal in the difficult, forced circumstances of a renewed confrontation with the globalist "collective West". Contemporary historical processes have led to a new confrontation of two conflicting views on historical trends, the nature of its subjects and the value frameworks of the lives of individuals and societies: one declining and self-destructive (globalist liberalism), and the other, persistent and opposing, which resurrects and sprouts from its historical roots (Russian Christian Katechon, "Third Rome"). Both of them look at history as an irreversible, unified process, but with a completely different valuation. Although not yet built in accordance with its historical role and katechon ideals, Russia, it turns out, has not only inexhaustible resources, sufficient scientific potential and national self-awareness, as well as a clear national character based on cultural heritage, a key geopolitical position in the old world (the position of the "Heartland"), but also the predominant affection of the non-Western parts of the world that yearns for the establishment of a fairer multipolar international system. The Katechon spiritual upgrade as basis of a model for the creation of a different, more just society in Russia is still in its infancy, but there is no doubt that the circumstances of the comprehensive struggle with the forces of the "collective West" invoke for it.

РОССИЯ КАК ЕВРАЗИЯ: ИДЕОЛОГИЯ НАУЧНОГО ПОИСКА НА РУБЕЖЕ XIX–XX ВВ.

The article makes actual and examines, by tracing the example of Russia at the turn of the 19th–20th centuries, the problem of societal, or socio-cultural, context of developing the scientific knowledge, which is important for comprehending the general regularities, conditions, and factors of the scientific progress. Taking into account the content and direction of influences from the authorities and society on the development of the Russian science during that period, they are conditionally defined in the article as “an ideology of scientific search”. The changes that occurred in economic policies, social relations, and the ideological atmosphere with the end of the post-reform period, as well as a new range of modernization tasks facing Russia for the coming period, have combined to create a situation of acute reflection of critical problems of developing the scientific knowledge on the part of representatives of science and public figures. The article argues that at the turn of the 19th–20th centuries, with the strengthening of modernization trends, the signs of overcoming this situation and heightening the authority and influence of the science became more noticeable. The striking illustration of this change is the constructive dialogue between the authorities and the scientific community, as well as the involvement of the country’s leading scientists in the implementation of major economic projects. The essential feature of a new social atmosphere during that period became the consolidation of national self-awareness, the rethinking of Russia’s civilizational and geopolitical self-determination, the strengthening of the eastward, “Eaurasian” vector in the content and direction of the scientific researches. These trends have been analyzed in the article using the example of the scientific works of V. V. Dokuchaev, D. I. Mendeleev, and V. P. Semenov-Tyan-Shanskiy.

ВИВЧЕННЯ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ ЛІТЕРАТУРИ В КУЛЬТУРОЛОГІЧНОМУ КЛЮЧІ: ВІТАЇЗМ НАЦІЇ, ВІДОБРАЖЕНИЙ У МИСТЕЦТВІ (на основі немовознавчих праць Івана Огієнка)

The study of Ukrainian literature as a kind of art, and therefore in the rich palette of national and world cultural heritage, corresponds to the trends of liter-ary and cultural education. The purpose of the article is a generalized ideological and theoretical analysis of the methodology of studying Ukrainian literature in a cultural key. According to the NUS Concept, one of the ten key competencies is awareness and self-expression in the fi eld of culture. This competence is related to the understanding of works of art, the formation of one’s own artistic tastes, the independent expression of ideas, experiences and feelings through works of art. The formation of cultural competence within school programs does not have a special targeted subject, but takes place in the synergy of infl uences on the student’s personality during the study of a number of related disciplines. Perhaps the greatest potential to form cultural competence have the disciplines of the lin-guistic and literary cycle, in particular Ukrainian literature. Lessons of Ukrainian literature, in which the cultural context is systematically involved, are able to form a full-fl edged understanding of the pupils about the cultural paradigm in the conditions of which national literature arose and developed, as well as to give pupils a holistic understanding of the place of the artistic word among other types of art. The key note of the authors of the NUS Concept is that awareness and self-expression in the fi eld of culture is based on a deep understanding of one’s own national identity. All this motivates the correctness of the complex scientifi c vec-tor of the current research, the source of which is the non-linguistic works of Ivan Ohiienko (with an emphasis on the book “Ukrainian culture. A brief history of the cultural life of the Ukrainian people”). First, the appropriateness of studying literature in the national and cultural plane is substantiated. Secondly, it was in-vestigated how Ivan Ohiienko appeals to the worldview dominants of vitalism as a thought code of the indestructibility of the Ukrainian nation in the constructed algorithm of presenting the material. Evidence of the vitality of the Ukrainian nation is precisely the unique culture, in particular literature. The formation of cultural competence by the Ohiienko’s traditions is highlighted in the article. It contributes to building a solid foundation for the national self-identifi cation of schoolchildren. Further research on the topic should be organized empirically by tracing how the teaching of Ukrainian literature in the cultural paradigm aff ects the national self-awareness of pupils and motivational mechanisms regarding the study of literature as a kind of art and an essential form of existence of the national spirit

Ethno Art Traditions in Fashion and Music as Factor of the Artist’s National Identity Formation

The purpose of the article is to determine the guidelines of the artist’s ethnocultural identity as a phenomenon of Ukrainian fashion and music. The research methodology is determined by comparative and systemic approaches, focused on a holistic analysis of the phenomenon of the artist's ethno-cultural identity. The novelty of the article. Ethnoartistic traditions are defined as a two-dimensional vector of reflection. Ethnoculture as a reality is inherited by an artist, enters modern culture on the basis of cultural creativity. Ethnoartistic traditions are realised in the professional activity of an artist, designer, and art critic. National identity cannot be imposed from above, be an ideological tool, a concept structured in the form of certain paradigms, models, realities of cultural creation. Identity arises as a living experience of communication, as a reality of the self-fulfillment of national self-awareness processes. Conclusions. Ethnoartistic traditions are a problem of the artist's will, freedom of choice, and freedom of self-determination. To a greater extent, this problem is an ethical one. A person gives themselves the opportunity to be nationally conscious in fashion and music – this is a determinant of freedom of will and choice. The search for horizons of national community and identity is always connected with the fact that fashion and musical priorities cannot be abstract, purely literary, cannot be a manifestation defined as an ideological construction. National identity is always connected with the living experience of ethno-cultural communication. The dichotomy of ethnogenesis and culturogenesis in the space of the artist's self-awareness always finds that harmonious unity, dispositive, which encourages, moreover, prompts the self-determination of the actor’s creativity and activity in fashionable discourse. Key words: ethnoculture, fashion, music, ethnoculturation, traditions, discourse

ЛЕКСИКО-СЕМАНТИЧНЕ ПОЛЕ ЛОКУСІВ ШОТЛАНДСЬКОЇ КАЗКИ

The article is devoted to the study of a special type of literary discourse – the discourse of the Scottish fairy tale, which is understood as a complex sociocultural communicative product of the thought process of the collective linguistic personality of the ethnic group. A fairy tale is the most extensive type of oral folk art, it is a symbol of culture, a work created collectively by a certain nation, which reflects its spiritual state, morality, customs and traditions; it is a way of preserving culture in different historical periods, awareness of the spiritual values ​​of the people, history, traditions, beliefs and ideals. One of the important basic categories in human being is the category of space, as it is the universal form of existence of matter. When studying the lexical-semantic representations of the field "space", the hierarchical system of the functional-semantic field "space" N.D. Tkachenko was taken as a basis and two microfields (names of natural space and artificial space) are distinguished, which consist of 12 thematic groups (names of land masses; names of relief; names of lowlands; names of forests; names of mountains and hills; names of water space; names of swamps; names of administrative divisions of the earth surface; names of countries; names of settlements; names of communication routes; names of housing). The largest number of nominations includes the thematic group of names of settlements (60%), the second in terms of words is the group of names of mountains and hills (13%). Nominations of groups of water space names and country names make up 12% and 9%, respectively. Considering the obtained results, it can be stated that spatial lexemes and toponyms are symbols that reflect the specifics of national self-awareness, the nation's reflection on its own history and culture. The space of geographical names of fairy tales should be considered as a special microcosm in which the real reality familiar to every person is reflected.

FOLK TRADITIONS AND CUSTOMS REFLECTED IN AN ELECTRONIC MUSIC TEXTBOOK FOR THE 7TH GRADE OF THE GENERAL EDUCATION SCHOOL IN BULGARIA

A person gets attached to things that are intrinsic to him, close, understandable and tends to reject what isunfamiliar and incomprehensible to him. The rapid technical development has brought not only enormous, but alsoconstantly accelerating change into our lives - ever greater and pleasant reliefs, which, however, increasinglydistance us from the traditional folk way of life, from the customs, holidays, beliefs, and rites of the people. We getsomething comfortable and irrevocable, but we lose something of our own, beautiful and also necessary - ourstarting point, our roots. Fortunately, this trend is being recognized by more and more people who are looking forways to counteract it without depriving ourselves of modern technical achievements. Since the knowledge of thetraditions, way of life, customs, and rites of our people are part of the culture forming the national self-awareness ofevery Bulgarian, such information should be studied. In the music textbooks for our general education school byProf. Penka Mincheva at al., the topic of Bulgarian is present from the 1st grade and continues throughout thecourse, with the study of folk customs, traditions and holidays. This topic is widely developed in the 7th gradeeducational set. In order to prove this, I will examine the materials included in the electronic textbook for the 7thgrade, which I am the author of and which is part of the educational set of the author's collective led by Prof. PenkaMincheva. In the electronic textbook, the information on the topic of Bulgarian traditions and customs is presentedthrough two photo galleries, it is also the basis of creative activities and various tasks. The taught material is richlyillustrated with pictures and sound examples. For the performance of these musical examples, which are onlyincluded in the electronic textbook, I selected young performers who have proven themselves at national andregional competitions - colleagues and students from the folklore specialties of the Academy of Music, Dance andFine Arts, where I work. The analysis of electronic resources (main method in the present study) on the topic ofBulgarian folk traditions - holidays, customs, rites and way of life highlighted the following results: - Electronicresources are closely related to the Electronic resources are diverse, thereby contributing to maintaining the interestof adolescents; - The electronic resources are compiled in such a way as to provide additional information; -Electronic resources are directly related to the creation of listening habits among students; - A significant part of theelectronic resources are organized as creative tasks, which is beneficial for the development of the creativity ofseventh graders; - Electronic resources are related to enriching the musical culture of young people; - Habits arecreated in seventh graders also for putting themselves in the other person's place, their empathic abilities aredeveloped. I am proud to share that the electronic materials of the Prosveta publishing house (Prosveta plus, whereour educational set is published, is one of the publishing brands of the Prosveta publishing house) have beenawarded the special prize for the best electronic aids of the BELMA (Best European Learning Materials Awards ) for2021. This is a serious recognition and at the same time authoritative proof of the effectiveness of Prof. Mincheva'ssystem of musical education and of our textbooks, including the electronic textbook for the 7th grade of secondaryschool.

Public Life of Poles Through the Prism of Surveillance by Repressive Structures of the South-Western Region of the Russian Empire on the Eve of the First World War

This paper, based on documents from the Central State Historical Archive of Ukraine (Kyiv), highlights the specifics of the social life of Poles in the South-Western region of the Russian Empire on the eve of the First World War. The author studied the official correspondence of the General Staff of the Russian Empire and the Staff of the Kyiv Military District, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and provincial gendarme departments of the South-Western Region, secret documents of the Kyiv Security Office, the Office of the Kyiv, Podillya and Volyn Governor-General, and so on. These documents illustrate the focus of the Russian imperial authorities on gathering information about the political situation and public sentiment in Austria-Hungary, and above all in Galicia. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, against the backdrop of an intensified interstate confrontation between Austria-Hungary and Russia, a competition of state building models became more active. In the early 20th century, the idea of federalism was strengthened in Austria-Hungary with the aim of internal political stabilisation and a broad guarantee of the Slavonic peoples' rights. And it was no accident that guard and punitive authorities of the Russian Empire focused their attention on intelligence information about the activities of the Polish Socialist Party, the creation of paramilitary organizations in Galicia, and the preparation of an anti-Russian uprising by the Poles during the expected war between Russia and Austria-Hungary. The Polish population of the South-Western region was supervised. Discriminatory measures were taken against the cultural activities of the Poles of the South-Western region aimed at raising national self-awareness and patriotism, schooling and national-cultural public organizations were suppressed, and monitoring of the Roman Catholic clergy was established. In view of the approach of the 50th anniversary of the January Uprising of 1863-1864, the guard and punitive bodies of the Russian Empire directed special efforts to prevent the spread in the South-West Region of actions commemorating this symbolic anniversary organized on the territory of Austria-Hungary, in particular in Lviv

ОЦІНКА ДЕМОГРАФІЧНИХ ВТРАТ УКРАЇНИ ВНАСЛІДОК РОСІЙСЬКО-УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ ВІЙНИ

The final assessment ofwar losses may not be available until some time after the end of the war, but this does not mean that any interim assessment is meaningless. Ukraine's losses from the war are not only losses of infrastructure, movable or immovable property destroyed as aresult of hostilities. After all, the infrastructure can be restored, houses and factories can be rebuilt. The most valuable losses from war are the losses of people who give their lives for their land. Often these are losses of people of working, reproductive age, which gives reason to say that these are losses of human capital.Often these are losses of people of working, reproductive age, which gives reason to say that these are losses of human capital. The difficulty in estimating such losses lies in the fact that official information is not published. Only some fragments of information are sometimes voiced by state officials.Methods: The main methods of the conducted research are the analysis, synthesis, and processing of information obtained as a result of sociological research conducted by the Razumkov Center, Gradus Research Company, EWL Migration Platform, EWL Migrant Support Fund on the Labor Market, and the Center for East European Studies of the University of Warsaw.Results: We can identify themain reasons for the loss of the population of Ukraine: 1. The first reason for the reduction of the population is high mortality during the war and the increase in mortality in the post-war period due to injuries and wounds received in the war, as well asdue to experienced stresses and psychological problems. 2. Decreasing birth rate due to the effects of war and likely decreasing birth rate due to fewer women of reproductive age. 3. "Aging" of the population. 4. Loss of territory. 5. Migration factor. 6.Deportation.Discussion: Instead, in addition to losses, Ukraine received international recognition and international subjectivity, increased national self-awareness of citizens, complete derussification of society, more competent citizens and a powerfulvolunteer movement, which has no analogues in the world.

The genesis of Taiwanese piano art: historical and cultural context

Introduction. The article examines the origins of Taiwanese piano art, its evolution, the influence of national and numerous non-national musical traditions. Until today, no special study devoted to the general panorama of these important processes has been created. The general picture of the formation and development of Taiwanese musical culture in the context of the political, economic and social situation is considered. The purpose of the article is to highlight the origins of Taiwanese piano art, which influenced its evolution, the process of introducing national and numerous non-national elements at the main stages of its formation and development. With the help of analytical, historical, comparative, interdisciplinary methods of research, a number of tasks are solved: the role of Western Christian missionaries in the development of musical education and piano art on the island is determined, the reasons why the Western classical music was accepted by the local society, the questions about the founders of the system of Western of classical music education, the programs and forms of learning in the first music schools in Taiwan, the names of the first Taiwanese composers-pianists are clarified; а periodization of the development of piano art in Taiwan is proposed. Results. The most important historical stages of the formation and development of Taiwanese piano art can be considered: – the period of its creation from the end of the 16th century to 1894; – the period of Japanese colonial rule from 1895 to 1945; – the period of development of national self-awareness, 1946–1986; – the period of reunification with mainland China from 1987. The proposed periodization makes it possible to reveal the entire historical and cultural context of the existence of piano art in Taiwan, to project its genetic settings for further stages of its development. Its basis was national folklore, but since the middle of the 16th century, the island was visited by Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch and Canadian colonists, and the first contacts of Western music with the indigenous population of Taiwan were made thanks to the activities of Western missionaries and were subordinated mainly to religious purposes. The stage of Japanese colonial rule was important for the development of piano art on the island. Due to the influence of Japan, Taiwanese musicians had further opportunities to join the system of Western classical music education, as the Japanese government was helping Taiwanese youth to obtain it. After 1920, Western classical music becomes popular in Taiwan; the formation of composer creativity in the field of piano music also takes place – the activities of such Taiwanese composers and pianists as Chiang Wen-Yeh, Chen Sizhi, Kuo Chih-Yuan, Kao Tzu-Mei and others. In the years 1946–1986, we observe the further development of performing and teaching activities at the island, a bright burst of creativity by such composers as Chang-Hui Hsu, Hsiao Tyzen, Shui-Long Ma and others. After 1987, active musical contacts between China and Taiwan contribute to the further progress of the island’s piano art. The piano works of Taiwanese composers Shih-Hui Chen, Fan-Ling Su, Chien-Yu Huang and others are widely popularized. In recent decades, the performing activities of Taiwanese pianists, represented in the international space by the names of Chien-Yu Huang, Yi Chih Lu, Chiu Tze Lin and many others, have become very active. Today, the piano art of Taiwan is the most important part of not only Chinese, but also world music culture. Conclusions. The study of the origins of the piano art of Taiwan, the periods of its development, ways of refracting different musical traditions will help to understand both the historical-theoretical and aesthetic-pedagogical and artistic significance of this phenomenon in musical art. The most important events in the social and cultural life of Taiwan, since the end of the 16th century, indirectly affected the development of national piano art, which underwent qualitative changes connected with the emergence of new musical forms and means of expression, the methods of using the national and Western compositional techniques. The prospect of further study of the topic consists in a more detailed study of the modern stage of developing piano art in Taiwan and clarifying the influence of its extensive genetic roots on the compositional and performing creativity of representatives of Taiwanese musical culture.

Native word as the embodiment of the national spirit

In modern society, it is relevant to preserve the cultural-historical identity of Russia and the people’s moral values reflected in the mother tongue. Language plays an important social role since it is viewed as a social phenomenon that reflects the peculiarities of the national character and psychology of each nation as well as the changes taking place in society. The word embodies the national spirit and the national self-awareness of the people. Specific features of national culture, the people’s traditions are manifested in folklore, set expressions, works of art. The paper considers the basics of the content of the school Russian language course (i. e. Russian as a native language) which facilitate learners’ awareness of the native word as a tool for understanding the national picture of the world. The research has identified lexical units contributing to the formation of students’ values-based attitude to their native language and their role in the formation of a linguistic personality. These lexical units include phraseological units, small genres of folklore (riddles, proverbs, and sayings). The paper also characterises the linguocultural concept and the specific features of its analysis to cognize the national picture of the world. Mastering the mother tongue as a cultural phenomenon, schoolchildren conclude that the native language reflects the nature of the historical and intellectual development of society. Moreover, they realise it is the property of all people belonging to this society and a source of the nation’s unity and spirituality.

TRAINING OF FUTURE TECHNOLOGY TEACHERS TO NATIONAL PATRIOTIC EDUCATION OF SCHOOL STUDENTS IN THE CONDITIONS OF NUS

The article examines the problem of preparing future technology teachers for the national-patriotic education of schoolchildren in the conditions of the new Ukrainian school. It is proven that the national-patriotic education of youth in today's conditions is one of the most priority areas of work of educational institutions of Ukraine.The peculiarities of national-patriotic education of schoolchildren within technological education are analyzed. The potential possibilities of the content of labor training as an effective means of national-patriotic education are considered. It has been proven that the involvement of students in the achievements of Ukrainian national culture ensures the effective inclusion of the younger generation in the sphere of spiritual and material heritage of Ukrainians of the past. This contributes to the revival and preservation of the cultural heritage of the Ukrainian people, affects the formation of national self-The issue of the specifics of the educational and educational work of technology teachers in the conditions of the new Ukrainian school was considered. It was established that the qualitative implementation of the above depends on the national-patriotic identity of the teacher himself.The peculiarities of the national-patriotic education of students ‒ future technology teachers by means of the content of the relevant educational components are revealed. The experience of strengthening the national-patriotic views of student youth based on a set of measures of a theoretical and practical nature, which have a patriotic orientation and are relevant in todayʼs conditions, is highlighted. It has been established that future technology teachers who will work in a new Ukrainian school should be familiar with the scientific, theoretical and methodical principles of patriotic education of schoolchildren, possess techniques for including the issues of national and patriotic education of children in technological education, and introduce information about the acquisition of Ukrainianculture into the organizational structure classes in labor training lessons, to involve schoolchildren in social volunteering.
 Key words: national education patriotic education; patriotism; national self-awareness; nationalpatriotic education; future teacher of technology; NUS; labor training; technology; national culture.

НАВЧАННЯ СТАРШОКЛАСНИКІВ СТВОРЕННЮ ВИРОБІВ ЗА ВЛАСНИМ ПРОЄКТОМ

The article proves the relevance of the problem of training young people in various traditional types of Ukrainian decorative and applied arts and folk crafts of Ukraine. It is noted that the preservation of the heritage of Ukrainian culture is the key to the preservation of the nation and the formation of national self-awareness among young people. Attention is focused on the fact that Ukrainian carpet making is one of the important types of decorative and applied art, which requires the preservation of the best traditions in today's conditions, it has a long history, is marked by regional features, traditions and heritage. It is noted that Reshetylivshchyna is rich in authentic carpet-making traditions, hand-weaving techniques, ornaments and patterns, compositional solutions and colors. Carpet making is taught at the Reshetyliv Art Vocational Lyceum – young people acquire the profession of «painter, carpet maker». The scientific-pedagogical literature on project-technological activities was studied and our own long-term work experience was summarized, which allowed us to summarize the work and develop a methodology for teaching high school students to create carpets according to their own project. The presented method involves familiarizing them with the history of the development of carpet making in Ukraine, studying the assortment of used materials, equipment and devices, forming the following abilities and skills in them: creating a technical drawing (pattern), performing preparatory work in carpet making, weaving carpet fabric using various weaving techniques, execution of final and finishing works in carpet making. It was concluded that the developed method of teaching high school students to create carpets according to their own project is effective, as it allows students to comprehensively study carpet making as a form of decorative and applied art and perfectly master the ancient traditions of Reshetila carpet making, show creative activity, develop aesthetic tastes on the best products recognized by the world Reshetiliv craftsmen. The issue of effective professional training of high school students in the field of carpet weaving, formation of relevant professional skills in them requires further scientific research. It is necessary to develop methodological recommendations for the independent work of students in the minds of a mixed form of education. Key words: educational process, professional education, decorative and applied art, carpet making, teaching method, design and technological activity.

ПИТАННЯ МУЗИЧНО-ЕСТЕТИЧНОГО ВИХОВАННЯ В НАУКОВИХ РОЗВІДКАХ УКРАЇНСЬКИХ ДОСЛІДНИКІВ

The article is devoted to the analysis of the theoretical and methodological foundations of musical and aesthetic education of the individual. The modern period of renewal of Ukrainian society, its spiritual revival presents pedagogical science with the task of strengthening the connection between culture and education, which is conditioned by the affirmation of the ideas of the self-worth of the human personality, the humanistic essence of the nationally oriented worldview of young people. Education as the basis of spiritual, cultural, socio-economic development of society is a state priority of any country. It is obvious that the modernization of education is an important foundation for the social and cultural progress of society. The current state of reforming the education system in Ukraine, both at the secondary and higher levels, is determined by the requirements of the times, integration into the world, in particular European, educational and scientific space, ensuring its competitiveness in the international community, which puts forward new requirements for the quality of training of future teachers, in particular, music art, and sharpens the need to study domestic and foreign experience in this direction. Today, the educational system faces new tasks, the education of a creative personality, the development of abilities, and the creation of conditions for the disclosure of creativity as an important component of its formation are of great importance. Musical education has a priority role in the development of a creative personality. One of the most important tasks facing a teacher in an educational institution is the musical-aesthetic and creative development of an individual, the formation of his musical abilities, because it is well known that the educational value of music is very important and great. Music has a direct effect on a person's feelings, helps him learn about the environment, and actively shapes his attitude to the world around him. In modern conditions, the musical and aesthetic education of children, youth and youth should be based on the best examples of Ukrainian national folklore, foster love for Ukrainian folk traditions, for the native land and history of our ancestors, and contribute to the formation of the main components of the spiritual world of the individual, national self-awareness and patriotic thinking.

Formation of basic national values in accordance with the concept of the New Ukrainian School in wartime conditions

The article highlights the importance of universal and national spiritual values and ways and means of their formation in modern conditions, in the implementation of the Concept «New Ukrainian School», the establishment of the national system of education and upbringing, and reveals theoretical and practical aspects of universal and national-patriotic principles. student youth, the formation of their high national consciousness and self-awareness, active citizenship, moral and spiritual, legal culture, and readiness to build and defend the Fatherland. An organizational and methodological analysis of the practical implementation of the values of the New Ukrainian School is presented, which is a response to the challenges that modern society addresses to education during major socio-economic transformations. The key in this situation seems to be the creation of a new pedagogical reality, which would be aimed at raising the growing personality to the heights of humanity. increasing attention to the educational potential of the educational environment of the New Ukrainian School and assisting general secondary education institutions in organizing the educational process through the integration of educational efforts of society, including the community, as well as education of basic universal values, social values of society and small groups, its competence and readiness to show responsible citizenship and patriotism.

THE ARCHETYPE OF THE GUARDIAN MOTHER OF NATIONAL IDENTITY IN TATAR PROSE

The archetype of the mother reflects the mythical ideas coming from antiquity, the conditions of social life, the philosophy and worldview of the nation. This article examines the cases of the embodiment of the mother archetype in Tatar prose as an image preserving national identity and self-identification, and for this purpose separate works of prose are considered, starting from ancient literature and up to the modern era. In Tatar-Muslim literature, a special respect for the mother has ancient roots. The awakening of national consciousness at the beginning of the 20th century increased attention to the image of the mother in Tatar realistic prose. The author of the article refers to G. Iskhaki's story «Ostazbike», G. Ibragimov's novel «Young Hearts» and shows that in pre-revolutionary literature, the integrity of the spirit and faith were placed above physical existence in the works of writers. The October Revolution destroyed the way of life of the national family: there were changes in the image of the mother woman in literature. The mother began to be portrayed not as the keeper of family values passed down from generation to generation, but as a participant in the construction of a new society, leading social activities. Having studied the works of A. Eniki «The Unspoken Testament», A. Bayanov «The Tale of the Highlands», Z. Hakim «The Song of the Mother» in the article, the author comes to the following conclusion: the archetype of the mother in most cases appears in close connection with national issues and is often used as the most important image for preserving the essence of the nation. From the image of a particular person, a woman, it grows to a national symbol. And in the relationship between mother and son, especially in the motive of the son's search for his mother and in the motive of the meeting, the search and finding of the meaning of life by a person is reflected. Consequently, the elevation of the mother's image to the status of an archetype by Tatar writers is done to strengthen national self-awareness.

Pan-European Identity during the COVID-19 Pandemic

The coronavirus pandemic triggered a qualitative reformatting of the pan-European identity. Early in the pandemic, it clashed with national self-awareness. As Brussels attempted to strengthen solidarity and cohesion, the situation in some EU countries became extremely instable. The present article contains a theoretical description of the concept of EU identity and the transformations it underwent during the COVID-19 pandemic. It focuses on the early challenges to the EU’s identity, its subsequent plunge into uncertainty and confusion, and Brussels’ attempts to build trust and solidarity as the basic principles of the EU’s identity. The author analyzed the Eurobarometer surveys to reveal the public attitude towards the two conflicting levels of identity. During the pandemic, the pan-European identity served as a protective mechanism against the exacerbation of chronic unification problems.

The Soldier and Education in the First Republic of Georgia: 1918-1921

The establishment of the capitalist system contributed to the formation of new social classes: the proletariat and the bourgeoisie. The removal of serfdom significantly changed the political, social, and economic system. New demands and cha-llenges have emerged in the new environment. Not only the proletariat and the bourgeoisie but the whole society underwent fundamental transformations. Especially since the national liberation movement in Europe in the XIX century was quite strong, which led to the formation of nation-states. Georgia perceived these changes differ-rently. As an occupied part of the Russian Empire, it was naturally influenced by the ongoing events there. While the process of nation-building was underway in Europe, Georgia was looking for new ways to fight for freedom. The Georgian cultural and political elite, via raising public awareness, tried to create a common Georgian space and involve all social strata equally in the struggle for independence. This process was in progress from 1918-1921. Therefore, it is important to raise a point and analyze how the process of the national movement was manifested. The period of the First Republic is one of the most difficult periods in the history of Georgia. On the one hand, the ideological forms of the national movement were being formed and developed, the primary expression of which was an educated society, aware of the history of its own country. As it has been already mentioned, the process of the national-liberation movement starting from the 50s of the XIX century was aimed at the formation of an educated and conscious society imbued with the national idea. The logical continuation of these processes was the current events of 1918-1921. Independent Georgia took the path to the West and its goal was the Europeanization of various spheres of the country, and among them, a special place was occupied by the education factor. The starting point of the Georgian authorities was to transform the Georgian army, not only from a military-professional point of view but also they aimed to raise their educational and national consciousness. Before that, i.e. until 1918, such a thing was unimaginable for the Georgian soldiers, who were the main backbone of the Russian imperial court and the executor of its will. The national government, in turn, focused primarily on strengthening the soldier's national self-awareness