National School Research Articles

Trends in the school lunch program: Changes in selection, nutrition & health

There has been significant national attention to the issue of childhood obesity, leading policymakers to reform the National School Lunch Program (NSLP) to include stricter nutritional requirements. We use data on school lunch menus to document improvements in the nutritional quality of school meals between 1991 and 2010. We then evaluate how this change in nutritional content maps into obesity outcomes, using panel data on a nationally representative cohort of children, tracking them from kindergarten entry in fall 2010 through the end of fifth grade in spring 2016. We find little evidence that participation in the school lunch program leads to weight gain, as measured by changes in obesity, overweight, and BMI. These results suggest that improvements in the nutritional content of school lunches have been largely successful in reversing the previously negative relationship between school lunches and childhood obesity.

Printing School Democracy from Below: Student Press Activities as Collective Action in Mid-Post-War Sweden

This article deals with the growth of a national school student press in Sweden during the 1950s and first half of the 1960s. It outlays the role of student magazines in furthering school democracy by investigating the nationwide periodical SECO-aktuellt and the press organisation SVEP (Svensk Elevpress). The article departs from an understanding of press activity among school youth as a form of collective action during the mid-post-war period. This activity became part of a pupil movement that demanded increased influence and participation in decision making, as well as expanded forms of self-government. Drawing from earlier historical research, the article portrays this press activity as taking place “from below” since youth often was marginalised in the past and not always seen as legitimate historical actors. The article also deploys perspectives from research on social movements, and analyses school student press activities in Sweden as “repertoires of contention.”

International Symposium on Sculpture "Stone Melody (Tash Mony)" in the Kazan Kremlin: a space for artistic research and experimentation

The article analyzes works of sculpture, created during the international symposium in Kazan under the guidance of the author, that, after being installed in the Kazan Kremlin, became objects of attraction for tourists and guests of the Republic. Various stylistic approaches are described in detail in the disclosure of the theme performed by sculptors representing the national schools of the Turkic world (Azerbaijan, Bashkortostan, Crimea, Turkey, Tatarstan), accumulating Eastern and Western European traditions in their worklong or recent past.

(Re)thinking teaching after COVID-19 school lockdown: a longitudinal study of Finnish primary school teachers’ expectations for, and perceptions of, change

ABSTRACT Ever since COVID-19 forced schools to shift to distance teaching, there has been a wide range of speculations on how the period is going to shape the teaching in classrooms when the schools reopen. The current longitudinal study investigates Finnish primary teachers’ expectations and perceived outcomes concerning the change in teaching practices and attitudes. Twenty teachers were interviewed for the first time in April 2020 during the two-month national school lockdowns. The follow-up interviews were conducted a year later at the end of a school year with teaching organised as contact teaching. The findings were classified into three categories: (1) fulfilled expectations, (2) unfulfilled expectations and (3) unexpected outcomes. The findings offer valuable empirical insights complementing the envisioned changes associated with school reopening. By highlighting the discrepancy between expectations and outcomes, the study provides a contribution to the existing literature on the complexity of educational change.

Environmental sustainability: the attitudes and experiences of UK students in the oral health care profession.

Objective This study aims to provide insight into the attitudes and perspectives of undergraduate dental students from UK dental schools regarding environmental sustainability in dentistry (ESD) and the manner and extent in which ESD is included in the current undergraduate oral health care curricula.Methods This study is a multi-centre, nationally representive study involving a cross-sectional online survey of undergraduate Bachelor of Dental Surgery and dental hygiene and therapy students in UK-based dental schools. Data analysis was conducted through descriptive statistics and thematic analysis.Results In total, 263 students from 13 UK schools completed the survey, resulting in a national school response rate of 68.4%. Key findings are: 97.3% of students believe that the dental profession should be more actively engaged in environmental sustainability but students currently have very little exposure to ESD at an undergraduate level; and 76.8% of students expressed that they are concerned about the impact that oral health care provision has on the environment, but only 23% of students have independently researched ESD.Conclusions Students identify that oral health care professionals should become more engaged in efforts to mitigate the negative impacts from our activities on the environment, principally via education at all levels. The data from this study provide insight into the current level of awareness and concerns for the environmental impacts of oral health care provision, and are a powerful driver for the inclusion of ESD into the undergraduate curriculum in UK based dental schools.

Языковые установки «отцов и детей» из национальных школ в условиях большого многоязычного города

Using the example of the capitals of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and the Republic of Tatarstan, the linguistic attitudes of parents and children from national schools in the context of the ecology shift are revealed. A theoretical approach to the study of language installation is proposed, based on its understanding as the sum of cognitive, affective and conative components and on the idea of ecology of its shift in generational and regional aspects. The conducted sociolinguistic survey of “fathers and children” and interviews with experts from Kazan and Yakutsk showed a consistent combination of attitudes of participants in national education in Russian and Yakut / Tatar languages. The dissonance of the linguistic attitudes of the participants in national education is the practice of using Russian and national languages in various public spheres. Therefore, the actualized conative component of the language attitudes of parents from national schools, who seek to compensate for their desire to preserve their native language at the expense of such institutions, looks quite natural. The ecology of the shift in language attitudes is characterized by differences between the older and younger generations, between regions and can develop at the intersection of generational and regional factors, which was found in the cognitive and affective components.

Hubungan Kepimpinan Teknologi Guru Besar Dengan Tahap Efikasi Kendiri Guru Di Sekolah Kebangsaan Daerah Seremban, Negeri Sembilan

The use of ICT is not something new among school members in the 21st era. However, in reality it still requires the solid support of all school members, especially the school leader, the head teacher as the most influential individual as a motivator for the subordinates of an organization. The relationship between headteacher technology-based leadership and its impact on the level of teacher self-efficacy is still unclear, especially in Malaysian national schools. Therefore, this study was carried out to see the relationship between headteacher technology leadership and the level of teacher self-efficacy in national schools in Seremban district, Negeri Sembilan. This quantitative study involved 207 national school teachers in Seremban district, Negeri Sembilan. A questionnaire was used as a research instrument and distributed online. To answer the research question, descriptive and inferential analysis was carried out using the SPSS 27 program. The results of the study found that technological leadership and the level of self-efficacy each reached a very high mean. The results of the Pearson correlation test also show a strong relationship between technology leadership and the level of teacher self-efficacy (r = 0.676, p = 0.001). Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the level of technological leadership of a head teacher will have an impact on the level of teacher self-efficacy. The results of this study show that the NETS-A technology leadership model is a comprehensive model and that the self-efficacy theory of Tschanen-Moran and Hoy (2001) is still relevant. This study can also help MoE and agencies under it, such as the Department of Education and the District Education Office, to improve their policies, especially regarding the use of ICT in school operations.

The history of the formation and development of teaching methods in biological education of schoolchildren (before the XX century)

In pedagogical activity, an important role in the formation of professional qualities of a school teacher is played by the development of teaching methods for a particular subject. Realizing this importance, we use the experience of other teachers, methodologists, and scientists. Studying and analyzing their works, we turn to the history of the formation and development of teaching methods. This article focuses on conducting a historical review of the development of teaching methods in the biological education of schoolchildren. On the basis of a historical retrospective, the main works of prominent biological educators are presented, their contribution to the development of methods of teaching natural science and biology is described. The main external and internal factors that influenced the educational process are presented. In particular, the attitude of the state authorities to natural science education. The article considers the main variants of the periodization of the history of the formation and development of the methodology of teaching biology and biological education in the national school; the characteristics of individual periods and teaching methods prevailing at the moment are given; Indications are made on the use of certain methods of teaching biology in modern education. Based on the stated research topic, information is provided reflecting the development of biology teaching methods only up to the 20th century.

The Soviet microbiologist Zinaida Vissarionovna Ermolyeva is the founder of the national scientific school of physicians on antibiotics

The history of any science is, in many ways, the history of the development of a scientific school. Belonging of an individual scientist to a particular school allows us to characterize those ideas, principles and methodological guidelines of fundamental and applied scientific branches that he is guided by in his research. This article examines the role of the famous Soviet microbiologist Z.V. Ermolyeva in the creation and development of a scientific medical school on antibiotics. As the first Soviet scientist to receive the domestic antibiotic penicillin-krustosin, she was at the forefront of antibiotic research from the standpoint of microbiology, pharmacology and medicine. She also took part in the organization of the Soviet antibiotic industry. For thirty years, the scientific biography of the scientist has been associated with the study, production, improvement and application of these antibacterial drugs. Based on the analysis of documents from federal archives (the Russian State Archive of Economics, the Russian State Archive of Scientific and Technical Documentation, the Russian State Archive in Samara), as well as abstracts of dissertations by Z.V. Ermolyeva’s students, staff and followers, the main directions of her scientific school of physicians on antibiotics are analyzed, and the contribution of individual scientists to the experimental and clinical study of antibiotics is considered.

The situation of the Polish language in Lithuania: An analysis of Lithuanian media discourse

The aim of this article is to identify thematic contexts in which the Polish language is discussed in Lithuanian online news portals and to analyse how the situation of teaching, learning, and using the Polish language is presented in the media in terms of the rights of language users. The article overviews the status of the Polish language in Lithuania on the basis of analysis of Lithuanian information portals. For this purpose, the three most popular Internet portals were selected: delfi.lt, lrt.lt, and 15min.lt. Media articles were extracted using the Google Chrome Web Scraper tool. Seventy-two articles from the years 2019-2023 were chosen for the study. The articles covered topics such as the results of students’ education in national minority schools, the level of Lithuanian language proficiency in minority schools, the teaching of Polish as a foreign language, public signs in Polish, and court cases concerning the use of the Polish language. During the selected period, the media articles primarily focused on the Polish language in the context of education and legislation, disregarding discussions related to Polish culture .Keywords: Polish language – Lithuanian media – discourse analysis.

Data Submission: HOW the Power of One Creates the Power of Many.

This article is the third and final article in a series exploring the WHAT, WHY, and HOW of data collection and data utilization. The final step, the HOW of data submission, provides discussion and guidance in contributing your data to the collective voice, including submitting data from the school, district, state, and national levels. Submitting individual school nursing data enriches the bigger story and increases the awareness and meaningfulness of school health data, the role of the school nurse as an integral member of the school community, and the connections of student health and academic outcomes. This article will also explore how to submit your school health data and the opportunities to submit it to district, state, or national levels, including to the National School Health Data Set: Every Student Counts! (ESC!).

Neoliberalism and the barriers in inclusive education

Tensions exist between providing inclusive education in mainstream classrooms and market-driven neoliberal values such as academic success and school ranking. These values impinge on teachers’ responsibilities to teach students with disabilities. Schools are ranked based on students’ performance in national examinations and schools sometimes use unscrupulous methods to achieve good results. In a culture that ranks schools based on test results, the schools themselves find it hard to embrace the idea of inclusion and some will use a variety of means to exclude students with disabilities to maintain their high rating. In this article we explore how some key tenets of neoliberalism in inclusive education, such as testing mechanisms to leverage accountability and improvement, inter-school competition, marketisation of education and parental choice, among others, affect the provision of education to students with disabilities in Kenya. We highlight how neoliberalism has affected inclusive education in Kenya and explain how hegemonic neoliberal culture has changed the way schools operate and how teachers teach. We also show how neoliberal culture in schools helps exclude students who are different from the norm.

The Idea of Digital Business Transformation: Models, Changes and New Challenges

Relevance. Digital transformation has been one of the key driving forces in the economy over the past few years, and the introduction of digital technologies is becoming an essential condition for an efficient, competitive and sustainable business. The article is devoted to the formation of the concept of digital transformation in the modern business environment, with a focus on the growing new challenges from the external environment. A wide range of studies devoted to this issue highlights various aspects, including barriers, strategies, elements and other components of this complex definition, which leads to the existence of multiple variations of approaches, both to the vision of the essence of digital transformation and its resulting parameters. The purpose of the study is theoretical and methodological elaboration of the issues of the essence of the categorical apparatus of the category "digital transformation of business" and the disclosure of its structural components, as well as clarification for further strategic management and reduction of the consequences of risk determinants. Objectives: analysis of statistical data on the level of digitalization of business in Russia; identification of key elements of digital business transformation; consideration of digital transformation as a business process. Methodology. As part of the study, materials from world rating reports and news agencies were used, as well as developments by representatives of the national scientific school, which was the basis for a critical analysis. Standard methods of statistical processing, generalization, and comparison were used. The method of classification and comparative analysis, as well as methods of structural-functional and strategic analysis are applied. Results. The article presents the main trends of digitalization of business in Russia. The author's approach to understanding the definition of "digital transformation of business" is formulated, its key elements are highlighted. A conceptual model of digital business transformation in the conditions of practical implementation of the basic development strategy is proposed. Conclusions. The technologies that form the basis of digital transformation are revolutionary in themselves, and in their synergetic effect are capable of radically transforming business and society, destroying old business models, thereby contributing to the increase of competitive opportunities and rapid adaptation to chaotically changing market requirements.

Teachers’ insights on self-assessment of multilingual students according to the CEFR

Assessment issues are particularly sensitive, complex and demanding when they involve a second language (L2) and multilingual students who attend national schools (Ross 2006). The modern student-centered pedagogical orientation combined with the ever-increasing needs for more authentic, equitable, individualized and differentiated assessment has led to the implementation of alternative practices, including self-assessment (Andrews 2016; Butler and Lee 2010). During self-assessment students are encouraged to express their opinion on their own work and to judge the extent to which it meets predetermined goals and criteria (Panadero et al. 2016: 2). This paper presents teacher beliefs on the implementation of self-assessment in the teaching Greek as L2 in Experimental Intercultural public schools. The participants were 124 teachers who answered an e-questionnaire, while 12 of them were also interviewed. The results revealed that most teachers develop a positive attitude towards self-assessment recognizing its multiple benefits. As was also reported in previous research (e.g., Oscarson 1989; Gardner 2000), self-assessment supports the contemporary student-centered pedagogical orientation and autonomous learning while it also enhances student performance, motivation, and metacognitive skills. However, teachers continue to question their own and the student’s readiness to adopt it, a finding also attested in the literature (Figueras et al. 2009).

Work Commitment and School Climate on Productive Pedagogical Teaching Practices

Teachers are vital members of the community who devote their lives to developing skilled and productive individuals. Nonetheless, there are still arguments over teachers who do not use proper teaching techniques. It is also asserted that adverse school settings make it more difficult for them to carry out their jobs in an efficient manner. This study's objective was to assess the work commitment, school climate and productive pedagogical teaching practices of Islamic Education teachers (IETs). It also examined how work commitment and school climate relate to and affect IETs' instructional strategies. The study was quantitative in nature and employed a survey research design. A stratified random sampling procedure was used to select 454 IETs employed in Malaysian national secondary schools as the study sample. The study data was analysed using descriptive statistics along with inferential tools like Pearson correlation and multiple regression. The study's conclusions demonstrate that there is a high degree of work commitment, school climate, and IET teaching practices. Pearson's correlation test indicated that IET teaching practices positively influence both school climate and work commitment. The study's results also indicate that the teaching practices of IET are influenced by seven predictive elements. These results are important for the Malaysian Ministry of Education, in emphasising the necessity of in-service training to enhance commitment and proficiency among IETs and to create the supportive learning environment that is crucial to ensure that IETs can effectively fulfil their duties. Some suggestions for further research are also presented in this study.

Exploring the Adoption of the Metaverse System among Elementary Students

The metaverse is an envisioned realm offering immersive digital spaces, bolstering highly interactive environments within educational contexts. This digital dimension amplifies synchronous communication, uniting a vast number of users as they share their unique experiences. This research aims to scrutinize the perceptions of elementary students towards the metaverse system (MS). Our proposed model underwent validation through the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) technique. Data, sourced from 287 students of Dubai National School, revealed that the primary predictor of students' intent to engage with the MS is personal innovativeness. This is followed closely by perceived usefulness and then perceived ease of use. The findings of this research provide deeper insights into the driving factors behind the adoption of MS among young learners.

How educators navigate language ideology and pedagogy in refugee education

ABSTRACT There are over 30 million people living as refugees today, nearly half of whom are under 18. For most young people fleeing conflict and persecution, their only option is to pursue education in already-stretched national school systems in host countries neighboring those they have left, often in unfamiliar languages. Despite the pressing issue of refugee education globally, there is little research about the educational inclusion of refugees in the Global South, not least related to language. This study begins to address this gap. Through a comparative case study, I draw on school-wide and classroom observations and interviews with educators across three schools in Kampala, Uganda to understand how educators navigate the linguistic inclusion of refugees at school. I find that, in the absence of guidance or training, school leaders draw on their ideological beliefs about multilingualism and migration to determine how to approach linguistic diversity at school. In turn, classroom teachers navigate constrained implementation spaces, balancing policies that require a dominant language as the language of instruction with multilingual realities in classrooms.

CONSTRUCTION OF A DIAGNOSTIC ALGORITHM FOR SOIL IDENTIFICATION ACCORDING TO THE INTERNATIONAL SOIL CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM WRB

Topicality. In this article discusses the identification of soils according to the international soil classification World Reference Base for Soil Resources system (WRB). The World Reference Base for Soil Resources was developed to identify soils and use the obtained data in different areas of everyday life: agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, etc. The purpose of the work Note that the WRB, developed by a group of soil scientists, is not meant to replace national classification systems. Besides this classification system, there are also different soil classifications designed by national soil science schools. The difference in the structures of these classifications necessitated the development of a diagnostic algorithm to correlate them with each other. Results Three options for determining whether a soil belongs to reference soil groups are considered, depending either on soil parameters only, or on a combination of diagnostic horizons and soil parameters, or only on diagnostic horizons. A group of scientists headed by M. Babayev also developed a national soil classification system for Azerbaijan. In order to compare these two systems, this study proposes a soil data structure, as well as an algorithm for soil identification according to the WRB classification on the basis of the proposed structure. Conclusion A soil diagnostic algorithm is developed, which will allow identifying any soil type with the corresponding WRB Reference Soil Group. Three variants of allocating soils to WRB Reference Soil Groups based only on soil parameters, or on the combination of diagnostic horizons and soil parameters, or only on diagnostic horizons are considered.

SICURO+: A web platform to raise awareness on seismic risk in Italy

Italy is a country with high seismic risk. In the past many catastrophic earthquakes have occurred causing severe damage to buildings and infrastructures, serious economic impacts, and the loss of thousands of human lives. To mitigate the impact of seismic risk, as well as of other risks, many efforts have been made, implementing preventive structural measures and acting to raise awareness in the community. In Italy, this need was strengthened with the emanation of the new Civil Protection Code (D.Lgs January 2, 2018 n.1), with the purpose of encouraging the participation of citizens and spreading risk knowledge and the culture of civil protection, thus contributing to “increase the resilience of communities” (art. 31). As part of the agreement between the Italian Civil Protection Department (ICPD) and EUCENTRE (European Centre for training and research in Earthquake Engineering), an interactive web-tool was developed to allow citizens to display the most updated seismic risk maps. These maps were produced in 2018 by the ICPD, with the relevant support of the scientific community operating in the field of seismic risk, in particular of ReLUIS (The Laboratories University Network of seismic engineering) and EUCENTRE. The web-tool, named SICURO+ (Information System for Risk Communication, www.sicuropiu.it), was created to raise awareness in citizens on seismic risk in the place where they live, work, or go on holiday. Communication strategies and behavioural techniques were designed and tested experimentally with the support of behavioural scientists, as part of an agreement between the National School of Administration and the Prime Minister's Office.

FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PERMASALAHAN GIZI SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR

These nutritional issues are serious problems that affect public health globally. Deficiencies in certain nutrients such as iron, vitamin A, vitamin D or folic acid can lead to various health problems. In the study of factors affecting the nutritional problems of primary school students, researchers can use various research methods to understand the relationship between the factors that contribute to the nutritional problems. Observational Studies, Case Control Studies, These studies help in identifying risk factors that contribute to nutritional problems among primary school students. Secondary Data Analysis: Researchers can also use secondary data, such as national health survey data or school data, to analyze factors related to nutritional problems among primary school students. The results in this study show that the nutritional problems of primary school students are influenced by various factors, including home environment, nutrition knowledge, diet, access to nutrition resources, and nutrition education at school. Efforts to improve students' nutritional status require a holistic approach through interventions involving parents, schools and the community as a whole.