National Qualifications System Research Articles

Study of international experience in research of professional activity of pharmaceutical personnel in the context of restrictions, 
 related to the development of the system of professional qualifications in the Russian Federation

The article examines the existing restrictions associated with the development of a national system of qualifications (recognition of qualifications of qualifications internationally, the coexistence of elements of the old and new qualification systems, the gap between the labor market and the system of vocational education). It is noted that in the field of pharmacy, along with existing restrictions, the development of the industry qualifications framework is hindered by the lack of descriptions of professional activities performed by pharmaceutical personnel at the legislative level. In this regard, the authors conducted a comparative analysis of the content of groups of occupations described for pharmaceutical personnel, in accordance with the Russian Сlassifier of Occupations (as a document that is the basis for the development of the sectoral qualifications framework) with the types of activities carried out by subjects of circulation of medicines (production of medicines and pharmaceutical activities) in order to define the boundaries of professional activity of pharmaceutical personnel at the national level. The international experience of research of the content of professional activity of pharmaceutical personnel and the main factors contributing to the appearance of labor functions in the professional activity of pharmaceutical personnel that are not fixed at the legislative level (in accordance with the ISCO) are studied. In order to eliminate the existing restrictions that prevent the development of a unified system of professional qualifications in the field of pharmacy in the Russian Federation, the article concludes with an approach to describing the professional activities of pharmaceutical personnel used by FIP industry experts.

National agency for qualifications development: yesterday, today, tomorrow

Reveals the prerequisites, the process of development and structure of the National qualifications system in modern Russia, its significance for managing creation and appliance of qualifications in the labor and education fields and development of their dialogue. The author shows the role, main stages of activity and future tasks of the National Agency for the development of qualifications as an operator and methodological hub of this system, coordinator of interaction between business and education. Presents the key projects implemented by the National Agency: monitoring of the labor market, support for sectoral boards in order to form qualification structures, and build of the independent system of qualifications assessment. Since 2017, in accordance with the decree of the Government of the Russian Federation, the National Agency has been performing the functions of a Basic center for training, retraining and advanced training of workers. This function is particularly in demand today, since the promotion of new professional standards, new qualification requirements, and a new system of recognition of qualifications in the field of vocational training, secondary vocational and higher education is a guarantee of the quality of training.

Perception of Waxing Practitioner Licensing System

This study attempted to investigate the perception of the technical qualification system for waxing. Waxing is one of the tasks done by aestheticians. For this study, a questionnaire was performed among aesthetic salon employees. A total of 220 copies were distributed, and 208 were used for the final analysis. Empirical analysis was performed to assess the significance level. For statistical analysis, validity, and reliability were analyzed, using SPSS WIN 21.0. Furthermore, descriptive statistics, cross-tabulation analysis, independent samples t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Duncan’s test were conducted, and the results found the following: For the perception of the national technical qualification system and waxing, a statistically significant difference was found. In the perception of the issuance of new national waxing licenses, no statistically significant difference was observed. When asked why such new national technical qualifications are needed, ‘an independent national waxing license is needed depending on the segmentation and the professionalization of waxing’ was the most common response. This study examined how aesthetic salon employees view waxing. It is anticipated that the study results would be used as basic data for studies on the issuance of new national waxing licenses.

개방형 체제로의 국가기술자격제도 품질관리체계 개선방안 연구

이 논문은 과학기술 및 사회환경 변화에 따라 국가기술자격제도 품질관리체계 역시 개방형 체제로의 개선이 필요하다는 관점에서 시작되었다. 국가자격제도의 품질관리가 내·외부 환경변화를 반영할 수 있 는 시스템 다이내믹스 관점에서 운영되어야 하며 이를 제도 내 반영할 수 있어야 한다는 연구 주제에 부 합하기 위해, 체제이론을 기반으로 국가기술자격제도의 품질관리체계를 통합적 관점에서 분석하고 개선 방안을 제시하였다. 국가기술자격제도의 효용성 평가 위주의 품질관리체계를 확장하는 개념에서 4차 산 업혁명 시대 혹은 언택트 시대 등 외부환경 및 시대적 요구에 반응할 수 있는 거시적, 총체적인 관점에 서의 품질관리체계 프레임워크를 제안하고, 주요국 사례분석 등을 통해 국내 국가기술자격제도 품질관리 체계의 현황과 문제점을 확인하였다. 환경과 투입과정 측면에서는 주무부처와 전담기관이 업무현장에서 활용할 수 있는 체크리스트, 가이드라인을 제시하고, 산출의 적합성 측면에서 국가기술자격제도의 거버넌스 구조 등을 제안하였으며, 기존 국가기술자격제도의 주요 품질관리 영역인 효용성 평가의 완결성 확보 를 위한 관련 법 환경과 근거법률 개정(안) 등을 제안하였다.

ELABORATING PROFESSIONAL QUALIFICATIONS IN UKRAINE: A NEW APPROACH

Relevance: aligning competencies for lifelong learning with the requirements of the European Union (EU) makes it necessary to implement new approaches to the development and application of vocational qualifications. They should meet the needs of the labor market and become the basis for the formation and development of the National Qualifications System. All this requires clarification of the conceptual apparatus and methods of improving the existing legal mechanisms for regulating the said process.
 Purpose: to substantiate new approach to the development of vocational qualifications in the context of harmonization with modern European approaches.
 Methods: theoretical analysis – to study the existing approaches to the development of the National Qualifications System, to identify the main tendencies of this process; comparison and synthesis – to summarize the main scientific approaches to the development of the National Qualifications System and legal mechanisms of its regulation in modern conditions, to analyze its institutional and organizational support; observations and analogies – to substantiate the need for development of a new approach...
 The empirical and informative basis of the article is the legal acts of Ukraine on the formation and development of the National Qualifications System, materials of monographs and scientific publications, analytical data, results of own research.
 Results: the essential characteristics of the National Qualifications System are revealed, its features and main aspects governing the development of such a system are characterized and the necessary conditions are created to develop a new approach to the application of qualifications in the context of European integration.
 Conclusions: the new approach to the application of qualifications is the purposeful formation and development of the National Qualifications System, which should become a tool for lifelong learning, ensuring the quality of learning outcomes, their recognition, and aligning professional qualifications framework in Ukraine with the requirements in EU countries.

New tools of the influence of employers on the education and personnel training system in Russia

Providing rail transport with qualified personnel has traditionally been in the realm of close attention. Modern realities dictate the need to search for and implement effective tools for the interaction of the education system and employers, which can influence the training of personnel.Thanks to the development of the national qualifications system in Russia, employers and the education system have received effective tools for interaction in the form of professional and public accreditation and independent qualifications assessment, which allow taking into account the requirements of employers, current trends and technologies of production organization, and assess willingness of students to perform specific labor functions in accordance with approved professional standards.Rail transport has been actively involved in the implementation of elements of the national qualifications system, including professional and public accreditation and independent assessment of qualifications. The implementation of these measures should become an important mechanism in improving the professional level of railway workers and building an effective barrier for people who are not ready for responsible work in this area.The considered tools of the national qualifications system contribute to the formation of responsible interaction of all stakeholders in the quality of learning outcomes.

World experience of professional development of staff

Problem setting. Today, high-quality higher education and vocational training is recognized by the world community as a significant dominant in the creation of a system of values by economies and the ability to quickly adapt to changing environments for production processes. Preservation and development of human creative potential is the main goal of innovative education, which should be permeated with universal values. To do this, it is necessary to make it develop harmonious thinking, which is based on a combination of inner freedom of the individual and his social responsibility, as well as tolerance. Analysis of recent researches and publications. A significant contribution to solving the problems of personnel development has been made by domestic and foreign scientists and practitioners, including O. Amosov, O. Ataeva, V. Vesnin, N. Gavkalova, G. Dessler, O. Yegorshin, V. Kovalev, N. Markova. E. Morgunov and others. Issues related to personnel development management were studied by such scientists as V. A. Savchenko, T. P. Zbrytska, G. O. Savchenko. A. O. Vornachev, A. N. Boyko, and Y. I. Kravets studied the world experience of professional training of skilled workers. Target of research to analyze the modern world experience of professional development of personnel of enterprises on the example of leading economies. Article’s main body. The article points out that the priority areas for further development of our country’s enterprises are the wider use of the experience of leading economies of the world in the field of quality management and development, formation and maintenance of a culture of quality, development and implementation of standards for personnel development, adapted to the needs of a specific organization. As the development of national vocational education becomes innovative through the use of the experience of the leading countries of the world, the need for specialists to improve their skills during work in accordance with the requirements of the modern world labor market is increasing, the national system of competences and qualifications and so on is being improved. Conclusions and prospects for the development. In order to overcome the shortage of highly qualified specialists, it is proposed to introduce at the state level legislatively regulated financial support of enterprises in the field of vocational training and development of employees, namely: (1) to develop and legislatively invest the funds in the training of employees and their professional development through loans, government tax incentives for companies to organize training, training, retraining, retraining and advanced training of staff; (2) allocate government subsidies to employers who create additional training places for industrial and on-the-job training; (3) stimulate the interest of employers in improving the professional level of staff through a system of encouraging them and improving the organization and improving the quality of education; (4) create funds for employers to transfer a percentage of their payroll to cover most of their employers’ training costs; (5) envisage, within the framework of collective agreements, the creation of training funds, the assets of which are formed either from a payroll tax or through government subsidies; (6) strengthen the responsibility of employers and employees themselves for their professional level in order to increase the efficiency of the use of funds for vocational training of staff; (6) develop draft legal acts to encourage and encourage staff to continue learning and appropriate mechanisms for their implementation (financial assistance – state or sponsorship, educational leave - partially or fully paid, grants, scholarships, etc.); (7) to encourage enterprises to expand cooperation with higher education institutions, research institutes and other institutions of social and pedagogical orientation for the development of scientific and methodological foundations of professional development of staff.

언어재활사 국가자격제도의 방향성 연구

언어재활사 국가자격제도의 방향성 연구

Institutional environment of the National Qualifications System in the Russian Federation

Methodological approaches to the organization of social and labour relations are systematized. The dynamics of the institutional environment of the labour market and vocational training system interaction in Russia is revealed. The peculiarities of the Russian experience of institutionalization of labour relations in the field of qualifications are shown. Post-industrial development of socio-economic systems, the processes of globalization, the transition of the Russian economy to an innovative model of development, the knowledge economy, the acceleration of scientific and technological progress and other objective challenges have necessitated the development of new human resource management mechanisms. In modern conditions the staff of an organization is considered to be the human capital, i.e. the field for strategic investments, a key factor in ensuring the competitiveness and sustainable development of the country, the region, the sector, the company rather than the costly part of the economy. Currently, one of the main problems of human resourcing for economic growth in the European Union and the Russian Federation is professional and qualification imbalance of supply and demand on the labour market. The National Qualifications System is aimed at solving the problems of linking the labour market with vocational training. Problematic aspects of development of the Russian National Qualifications System are marked.

Совершенствованиенациональной системы квалификаций как фактор формирования нового качества человеческого капитала

Совершенствованиенациональной системы квалификаций как фактор формирования нового качества человеческого капитала

Non-formal education at the present stage: expert commentary

This article discusses the main approaches to the study of non-formal education and its impact on the human capital development. The authors present the conceptualization and theoretical interpretation of the concept, approaches to the definition in the scientific literature and international regulatory documents. In their analysis of contemporary studies of non-formal education, the authors have implemented an empirical study using the method of expert estimates. The authors have interviewed 36 experts from six major cities of the Russian Federation: Moscow, St. Petersburg, Yekaterinburg, Tomsk, Tyumen, and Saratov. Based on an expert survey, an analysis includes the discussion of resource potential of non-formal education at the present stage, possibilities and “nodal points” of the impact of non-formal education on the development mechanism of general and specific human, the position of experts on assessing skills and competencies acquired in non-formal education, and the prospects for the national qualifications system implementation in Russia.

7 Years later: Some Thoughts on the Developing of Qualification Framework

The article addresses the problem of combining the emerging country’s new regulatory framework in the field of qualifications, based on professional standards, with the international standards of the Association “WorldSkills International” and corporate standards used in the development and evaluation of personnel, based on the competence approach. The authors focus on the proposals to overcome the differences in the conceptual apparatus relating to a term “qualification”, which is interpreted differently in academic and business communities. The article discusses the possibilities of fixing the qualifications of employees directly in the professional standards that determine the requirements for them. Today there are three approaches that are applied to unite and standardize qualification requirements. The issue is to harmonize them in order to create the national qualification system where the key terms – “expertise”, “competency” and “qualification” are properly aligned.

Open Education System in Management Training in the Digital Economy

Purpose of the study. The proposed methodology in the open education system for the formation of level models of managerial competencies of managerial personnel in the digital economy. Materials and methods. Digital transformation is a nationwide task. It becomes effective if its principles and technologies are implemented at all levels of government and depends largely on the competences in this area of the administrative apparatus, both at the federal and regional levels. The open education system is based on large-scale distance learning technologies, at the same time covering a huge contingent of students, and is aimed at student-centered learning and competence-basedapproach. Therefore, it is the most effective methodology for training, on the one hand related to synergetic approaches and models, and on the other, it can become the national basis for the formation of managerial competencies of the administrative apparatus, both federal and regional levels in the field of digital transformation. In recent years, European countries have been actively developing national qualifications systems (NQFs), based on a unified qualifications system (ESC), aimed at streamlining the existing diversity of education and training. Each level has its own set of competencies. For the formation of areas of competence in the digital economy for each level of management, the model “Basics of effective leadership” is proposed, which is actively used in various countries. Competence levels are formed through a large-scale educational process in an open education system, which, in turn, are determined on the basis of knowledge and skills, including personal and professional results. Thus, each level is described in terms of results that can be compared with the qualifications system. Results. It is presented that the necessary elements of a competitive digital transformation and an emerging information society are: A model of digital competence of managerial personnel, covering the considered roles with options related to different areas of activity. The digital environment of management personnel infrastructure and end-to-end digital technologies that support the strategies of the information society and the digital economy, ensuring the implementation of digital competencies. The system of certification of digital competencies, ensuring the competitiveness of the workforce and their controllability in the framework of the digital transformation. The competencies of management personnel in the digital economy with their grouping into functional blocks are considered. The analysis of the qualification levels of managerial competencies in the field of digital transformation, as well as the basic concepts that managerial personnel should have. The principles of the formation of educational modules in the system of open education on the formation of level models of managerial competencies of managerial personnel in the digital economy are proposed. Conclusion. In modern conditions, the issues of improving the management efficiency of state bodies and organizations on the basis of maximum integration of education and the digital economy are of particular importance. Considering the above, it can be stated that the methodology and technologies of open education are extremely valuable tools for improving the quality of management in the economy and the social sphere of the digital transformation of public administration.

NATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS SYSTEM IN RUSSIA – AN EPISTEMOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE

Introduction. The article offers an insight into an epistemological perspective of establishing the national qualifications system in Russia that is critical for creating a “market of qualifications in the country that would be adequate to the current context.The aim of the research was to examine the context and factors underpinning the formation and evolution of the structure of knowledge relating to the national qualification system in Russia.Methodology and research methods. The methods applied comprise a mixed-method approach that included: review and analysis of official documents, semi-structured background and individual interviews with key stakeholders (line ministries, experts from industry and qualifications awarding bodies etc.) and desk research.Results and scientific novelty. The performed analysis of documents and of research data has revealed that the process of generating and enhancing knowledge about the national qualifications system semantically and methodologically is in broad terms contingent on the needs and objectives of social and economic development, and in narrower terms – on the development of occupational standards that underpin the standards of vocational and higher education, as well as on the enhanced institutionalisation of employers’ involvement in the training of personnel and in the search of effective mechanisms and instruments of independent assessment of qualifications.It also offers an insight into current key paradigmatic gaps in the NQF-related epistemology in Russia that account for the specificity of the observed state of play and for the key conceptual epistemological contradiction that has been identified by the authors as the opposition of and conflict between occupational and education qualifications. The authors propose ways out of the situation based on international practices in this area starting from aligning the terminology and conceptual approaches with international ones. The performed epistemological research and the conclusions made by the authors contribute to the national qualifications system discourse. It is stressed that core principles underpinning the development of the national qualifications system should be adapted to the social and economic and local factors.Practical significance. The material of the article can be used by policy-makers dealing with the NQS development and implementation of the NQS.

The Study of National Qualification System, Education and Training, and Role of Rehabilitation Counselors Toward Tasks of Rehabilitation Counseling in South Korea

본 연구는 장애인재활상담사 국가자격제도, 양성교육 현황과 역할에 관한 고찰을 토대로 우리나라 재활상담 분야의 과제를 제안해 보기 위하여 실시되었다. 구체적으로 본 연구를 위하여 장애인재활상담사 국가자격제도의 현황, 회원교 양성교육과정의 운영 현황 및 업무역할에 관한 문헌고찰이 이루어졌다. 연구결과, 장애인재활상담사 양성교육과정은 미국의 대학원 중심의 CRC 양성교육과정과 차이가 있었다. 우리나라 장애인재활상담사의 역할은 미국 CRC의 주요 업무역할에 관한 영역들과 비교적 유사하였으나, 업무의 특성, 교육과정의 운영방식 및 윤리적 실천면에서는 다소 차이가 있었다. 본 연구는 장애인재활상담사 국가자격제도 시행 이후, 회원대학의 전문가 양성교육과정 운영 현황과 업무역할에 관한 문헌고찰을 토대로, 향후 재활상담 분야의 발전과제를 제시했다는 점에서 의미가 있다. 독립단체로서 한국직업재활학회와 장애인재활상담사협회의 역할정립을 위한 과제 등이 제시되었다.This study is to review national qualification system, the education and training, and the role of rehabilitation counselors in order to suggest the tasks of rehabilitation counseling in South Korea. To fulfill the purpose of the study, articles and conference materials were reviewed comprehensively, specifically focusing on the overview the process of the national qualification system witnessed by Welfare Law for the Disabled, the status of university education and training, and the role and function of rehabilitation counselors. The results of the study were as follows: Korean rehabilitation counselors were found to have no huge differences to CRCs’ roles in knowledge and skill domains, however differences were found in the operation of educational practice, internship programs, and the utilization of the ethical standards in education and training programs. This study gives suggestions for the tasks of rehabilitation counseling in the future, which have been based on the research findings of Korean rehabilitation counselor education and training programs since the initiation of the national qualification examination for Korean rehabilitation counselors in 2018. Tasks for the establishment of professional identity were suggested.

FORECASTING AND DESIGNING THE DEVELOPMENT OF REGIONAL ADDITIONAL PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION IN YAKUTIA

Socio-economic development plays a huge role in improving the quality of education. The challenges that modern society presents to labor personnel contribute to the systematic and mobile development of the system of additional professional education. Modernization of the Russian education system is aimed at improving the quality of the pedagogical process. In this regard, at each level of education, the main criterion is the educational result and the assessment of its quality. Objective: to predict the main trends in the development of regional vocational education based on a study of its current state in conjunction with the development of the modern labor market and the national qualifications system and the design of an optimal model for a regional system of continuing professional education. The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), being part of the Far Eastern Federal District, has its own specific features, including extreme climatic and geographical conditions, remoteness of settlements from the centers, poorly developed transport system and significant population rarefaction, causing socio-economic characteristics and etc. Each natural-climatic zone with its own conditions requires special approaches and technologies in human life and methods of farming. At the same time, the economy of the most northern region of Russia can be characterized as dynamically developing. Today, the republic's leadership has determined the main direction of development of the northern region of Russia: Yakutia needs its own non-primary sector economy, creative industry. In this regard, at the present stage, the formation of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) is facing the task of transforming the education system, introducing a new standard for all levels of education, involving from early age to scientific knowledge, the formation of high intelligence, the ability to think freely, outside subject areas, modern competence, focus on "smart economy". Analysis of the scientific literature suggests that one of the main methodological issues of the research is the problem of the readiness of the individual for professional activity, to integrate into the modern labor market. At the same time, the analysis of scientific and pedagogical literature has shown that the issues of forming effective mechanisms and regulations for the development of a regional system of additional professional education in the context of the introduction of the national qualifications system of Russia in the conditions of the region need theoretical understanding and justification. When studying the site materials, we paid attention to the presence in the topics of dissertation research of terms related to additional professional education, continuing professional education, adult education, the development of a regional system of additional vocational education and related organizational mechanisms and regulations, the development of additional professional education in the context of the introduction of a national qualifications system and its elements, modeling or application m cluster principle in the development of additional vocational education. The results of the analysis suggest that the formation of effective mechanisms and regulations for the development of a regional system of additional professional education in the context of the implementation of the National Qualifications System of the Russian Federation is relevant, relevant and requires targeted research. In those years, 80 doctoral and 1,404 doctoral dissertations were announced, of which 32 doctoral and 120 doctoral dissertations deal with various aspects of additional professional (in the overwhelming majority, advanced training) and continuing professional education, adult education. A number of dissertation research, both Ph.D. and doctoral, conducted from 2013–2018, is devoted to studying the interaction of education and the labor market. The regional system of continuing education as a resource for the professional development of the personality was studied in the doctoral dissertation of Ya.A. Ilinskaya; dissertations are defended, highlighting various aspects of teacher development, the formation of their readiness for certain activities: inclusive education of children (I.V. Vozniak), formation and implementation of a personalized electronic educational environment in the conditions of additional professional education (V.B. Klepikov), development support of the spiritual and moral world of orphans (N.F. Yakovlev), development management of intellectually gifted students in the system of continuing professional education (R.R. Bikbulat ov) and others; socio-pedagogical conditions of continuous vocational education support (I.O. Ibragimov, M.S. Zadvorna, E.L. Makarova, A.V. Krasnoslobodtsev, O.S. Korkina, etc.); issues of development of professional success of teachers, professional competencies and professional improvement (M.S. Britkevich, N.V. Ganzha, L.V. Chernikova), organizational and pedagogical conditions for the development of modern additional professional education (V.S. Dmitrieva), modernization of the system certification of students of professional educational organizations in the conditions of the formation of the Russian national qualifications system (S.A. Efimova). Thus, there is reason to believe that the issues of forecasting and designing, as well as the formation of effective mechanisms and regulations for the development of a regional system of additional professional education in the context of the implementation of the national qualifications system of Russia in the region require a focused study.

PROFESSIONAL STANDARDS AS A QUALITY GUARANTEE FACTOR TRAINING GRADUATES OF EDUCATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS HIGHER AND PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION

Positive modernization is peculiar to Russian education, but at the same time, there are discrepancies between the results of the training of university graduates and secondary schools with the requirements of the modern economy. This is foreground by experts especially when assessing the quality of education and recognizing the qualifications of graduates. The system of reproduction of qualified labor resources for enterprises and organizations of all sectors of the economy and forms of ownership in the country must adapt to institutional changes in the Russian system of higher and secondary vocational education, similar to the smart grids of modernized industrial energy systems. The legislative requirement for education as a single purposeful process of education and training, which is a socially significant benefit and is carried out in the interests of the individual, family, society and the state, accelerates the arrival of a new education in a new infrastructure with a changed body of pedagogical workers meeting the requirements of professional standards. To solve such a fundamental and complex task of a new education, a way is possible of segmentation of changes in the system of training graduates of universities and colleges in accordance with the transformation of the economy according to changes in technological structures and ensuring the quality of design and implementation of educational programs based on professional standards. The formation of the national qualification system, including professional standards, is characterized by the continuity of the uniform methodological basis for the system of vocational education and the national qualification system. Understanding the quality of education as a measure to achieve the goals of education, in which its customers are interested, determines the participation of these stakeholders in the procedures for the identification of educational results.

ПРАКТИЧНА ПІДГОТОВКА ФАХІВЦІВ У СИСТЕМІ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ НЕЗАЛЕЖНОЇ УКРАЇНИ

The paper analyzes approaches to practical training organization in Ukrainian system of higher education in the period – the end of the 20th – beginning of the 21st century. Particular emphasis is placed on modern requirements. Exclusive attention is paid to the analysis of the modern educational paradigm. The process of changing the requirements for practical training in accordance with the transformational processes taking place in the system of higher education in Ukraine is considered in detail. Tasks of practical training are considered in the framework of modernization of educational and professional standards, requirements of the legislative and regulatory framework, creation of conditions for the involvement in the processes of building a new innovative National Qualifications System (NQS). Practical training is considered through the normative content of the training of higher education graduates, formulated in terms of programmatic learning outcomes and correlated with a specific list of general and special (professional, subject) competencies. Tasks for practical training of students are considered as a component of the whole educational program, which should be integrated into its philosophy and content and ensured by the procedure for determining the place of practical training in the matrices of matching competencies and program learning outcomes.

NATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS FRAMEWORKS: CONCEPTUAL AND METHODOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES IN THE CONTEXT OF UNRESOLVED ISSUES

Introduction. The deficiency of highly skilled professionals meeting the requirements of the modern labour market has become the reason for search of new, more effective regulation mechanisms of vocational training and personnel certification for post-industrial knowledge-based economy. As international practice demonstrates, such mechanisms could be the National Qualifications Systems (NQS), National Qualifications Framework (NQF) and Professional Standards (PS) that are comparable with the European Qualifications Framework (EQF), designed for lifelong education implementation. Aim. Having analysed the international experience, the aims of the article are to discuss the issues of NQF and PS implementation and to consider the possibility of adaptation of the best models of foreign practice for the Russian realities. Methodology and research methods. The methods of collecting empirical information, comparative and conceptual-terminological analysis were applied in the course of studying methodological and methodical aspects of construction and functioning of NQS; the methods of generalization, interpretation and modeling were applied. The results and scientific novelty. The complex of the systemic problems which restrict the process of NQS formation launched in Russia is noted. The revealed reasons are explained by the developed psychological, organizational and methodical stereotypes; the ways of overcoming the current problems are outlined. According to the authors, the key problem is the dichotomy between professional and educational qualifications which does not exist in the international discourse, but is deeply rooted in consciousness of the Russians. Such a distinction involves irrational duplication of procedures for the qualifications assessment and generates a number of other difficulties interfering effective development of NQS and obtaining the maximum benefits from its use. In order to resolve the revealed contradictions and shortcomings, the authors analysed the experience of other countries where national systems of qualifications are implemented. Based on the international practice invariant systemically important parameters and variable characteristics of NQS and NQF are singled out and described. The typology of the qualifications framework and the principles of their design are proved. Practical significance. The research materials and findings, recommendations and suggestions for integrated improvement of mechanisms of Federal State Educational Standards, introduced PS and the system of independent assessment of qualifications can be useful for professional development of the experts and methodologists participating in design and modernization of NQF, development of professional and educational standards along with the main and additional programs of vocational training.

Survey on Educational Satisfaction of Beauty Vocational School

Accounting for 70% of the Gross National Product (GNP), the beauty industry grew to a KRW 7.5 trillion market in 2014. In fact, it has grown by 39% on average annually since 2005. It is forecast to reach more than KRW 10 trillion in 2017. Aesthetic practice, hairdressing, nail art and makeup are now under the national qualification system. In addition, they have been segmented into semi-permanent makeup, eyelash care, waxing and body shape care. At the same time, the market size and the number of the students entering these fields have also gradually increased. To supply manpower, regular and non-regular courses have been offered. The regular curriculum is given by technical high schools, high schools, junior colleges, and university and graduate schools while non-regular curriculum is offered at private institutes, vocational schools and other lifelong education facilities. In terms of the general aspects of the students from a vocational beauty school, this study discussed the following: Age, educational background, enrollment period, acquisition of national license, number of beauty-related private qualifications, beauty job preference. In addition, it targeted helping students choose their future job by investigating current educational conditions and satisfaction such as i) reasons to choose the beauty sector, ii) reasons to select beauty school, iii) purpose of learning in beauty, iv) satisfaction with the beauty sector and school, and v) jobs that students are most interested in having.