National Public Research Articles

Practices of Trans-National Corporations: The Need to Change Global Economic and Political Norms Comment on "National Public Health Surveillance of Corporations in Key Unhealthy Commodity Industries - A Scoping Review and Framework Synthesis".

Trans-national corporations (TNCs) are recognised as having an adverse impact on public health through the marketing and sale of unhealthy products. In addition to this some of their practices affect health, including taxation avoidance, lobbying politicians to gain favourable legislative and regulatory environments for their operations, and failure to abide by occupational health and safety standards. We argue that while considering the individual practices of commercial actors is crucial the true public health harms are only evident when the synergistic impacts of the practices are considered. We also note that the practices are supported by a global economic and political system which operates in the favour of commercial actors rather than the health of people and the planet. Consequently there needs to be a norm change by which norms and power are shifted away from commercial interests and externalities of commercial practices are no longer outsourced to the public purse.

Sexual Orientation Differences in Age of First Treatment for a Mental Health Diagnosis: A Population-Based Study of Childhood and Adolescence

The aim of the current study was to identify the age at which sexual orientation disparity in mental health diagnoses can be first identified, as well as gender and sexual identity subgroup differences in such treatment, in a population-based sample. Young people aged 16 to 25 (N= 10,365) participating in the probability-based Swedish National Public Health Survey in 2018 were included. This sample was linked to physician-assessed mental health care treatment history data starting when all participants were 8 years old using national health care registries. Participants reporting a sexual minority identity in adolescence and young adulthood were more than 3 times as likely to have been treated for an internalizing disorder diagnosis (eg, depression, anxiety) and more than twice as likely to have been treated for a neurodevelopmental disorder diagnosis during childhood than participants reporting a heterosexual identity. Sexual minority participants overall and women in particular were more likely to have been treated for an internalizing disorder diagnosis at an early age compared with heterosexual participants, with this disparity starting at age 13. The sexual orientation disparity in likelihood of treatment for a neurodevelopmental disorder diagnosis was particularly elevated among bisexual/pansexual women with this disparity starting in early/middle adolescence. This population-based study linked to physician-assessed mental health diagnoses during childhood and adolescence identifies the age at which sexual orientation differences in treatment for common mental disorders emerge. The early emergence of this disparity suggests a potential benefit of interventions that facilitate social belonging for all youth.

Publication behaviour and (dis)qualification of chief editors in Turkish national Social Sciences journals

Abstract Purpose This study investigated the publication behaviour of 573 chief editors managing 432 Social Sciences journals in Turkey. Direct inquiries into editorial qualifications are rare, and this research aims to shed light on editors’ scientific leadership capabilities. Design/methodology/approach This study contrasts insider publication behaviour in national journals with international articles in journals indexed by the Web of Science (WOS) and Scopus. It argues that editors demonstrating a consistent ability to publish in competitive WOS and Scopus indexed journals signal high qualifications, while editors with persistent insider behaviour and strong local orientation signal low qualification. Scientific leadership capability is measured by first-authored publications. Correlation and various regression tests are conducted to identify significant determinants of publication behaviour. Findings International publications are rare and concentrated on a few individuals, while insider publications are endemic and constitute nearly 40% of all national articles. Editors publish 3.2 insider papers and 8.1 national papers for every SSCI article. 62% (58%) of the editors have no SSCI (Scopus) article, 53% (63%) do not have a single lead-authored WOS (Scopus) article, and 89% publish at least one insider paper. Only a minority consistently publish in international journals; a fifth of the editors have three or more SSCI publications, and a quarter have three or more Scopus articles. Editors with foreign Ph.D. degrees are the most qualified and internationally oriented, whereas non-mobile editors are the most underqualified and underperform other editors by every measure. Illustrating the overall lack of qualification, nearly half of the professor editors and the majority of the WOS and Scopus indexed journal editors have no record of SSCI or Scopus publications. Research limitations This research relies on local settings that encourage national publications at the expense of international journals. Findings should be evaluated in light of this setting and bearing in mind that narrow localities are more prone to peer favouritism. Practical implications Incompetent and nepotistic editors pose an imminent threat to Turkish national literature. A lasting solution would likely include the dismissal and replacement of unqualified editors, as well as delisting and closure of dozens of journals that operate in questionable ways and serve little scientific purpose. Originality/value To my knowledge, this is the first study to document the publication behaviour of national journal chief editors.

National Identification and Public Cooperation with the Police in Ghana

PurposeThis study examines the role of national identification in public cooperation with the police in Ghana. The first objective is to examine the antecedents of national identification and police legitimacy in Ghana, and the second objective is to examine the association between national identification and public cooperation in Ghana. MethodsUsing data from an online survey of university students (N = 482), the current study employs structural equation modeling (SEM) to examine the antecedents of national identification and police legitimacy, and the association between national identification and public cooperation. Bootstrapped standard errors with bias-corrected confidence intervals is used examine the mediating effects of national identification and police legitimacy. ResultsThe SEM indicates that participants who viewed the police as effective and distributively just were willing to cooperate with the police. Police procedural justice was the sole predictor of police legitimacy. Contrary to theoretical expectations regarding the status- and value-signaling function of procedural justice, participants felt valued and worthy as members of Ghanaian society when the police were effective at fighting crime and fair in allocating outcomes. ConclusionThis study demonstrates that perceived group identification plays a role in public cooperation with police in Ghana.

Digital Platforms in the Focus of National Law

The paper contains an overview of the research workshop Digital platforms: new environment for collaboration at the Institute of Legislation and Comparative Law under the Federal Government (ILCL) on 23 April 2024, and findings of the expert survey Digital platforms in the focus of national law. Presentations by participants were systematized by the authors of the overview around the most relevant subjects related to digital platform operations: general issues of digital platform regulation; digital platforms’ impact on human rights; digital platforms in public administration; digital platforms in private law, criminal law and specific branches. The workshop was attended by researchers representing the Institute of Legislation and Comparative Law, Kutafin Moscow State Law University, National Research University–Higher School of Economics, Moscow State University, Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of Russia, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Orenburg State University, Siberian Federal University, Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas, Saint Petersburg University of the Interior Ministry, MTS Joint-Stock Company, etc. Legal themes under discussion included the legal nature of digital platforms; digital platforms’ impact on the economy, public administration, human rights and the underlying changes to their amount and content; associated risks; digital platforms and anti-trust regulation; networking effect of digital platforms; labor relations and platform employment; labor right protection and digital platforms; dangers of discrimination related to digital platforms.

Cardiomyopathies matter: a multistakeholder european initiative to improve patient outcomes through effective health policies

Abstract Background/Introduction Cardiomyopathies are common and affect up to 1:250 of the population. Despite conferring a risk for sudden cardiac death and substantial disease burdens that could be reduced through better awareness, detection and care, cardiomyopathy care is rarely incorporated in European and national health policies. New European Society of Cardiology cardiomyopathy guidelines (1) could substantially benefit care but need to be supported by effective policies. Cardiomyopathies Matter is a Europe-wide, multistakeholder initiative aiming to raise awareness about cardiomyopathies and to ensure they receive the policy attention they warrant from EU and national decision-makers. Methods Cardiomyopathies Matters participants include experts from the fields of cardiology, cardiac nursing, economics, and patient advocacy, coordinated by a Secretariat, representing 36 countries and 6 patient advocacy groups (PAGs). A Policy Roadmap and other publications were co-created based on i) reviews of published and grey literature, and ii) input from topic experts and PAGs through 2 group workshops, individual consultation meetings, and a modified nominal group technique reviewing successive drafts toward consensus approval. Results The Roadmap (2) identifies unmet needs and challenges throughout the patient care pathway and offers holistic EU and national policy recommendations to address these and improve patient outcomes (Figure 1). These include policy measures to support early and accurate diagnosis, access to expert multidisciplinary care, guidelines-informed disease investigation and management, holistic support and empowerment of patients and carers, and research and innovation. Key aspects for nurses and allied health professionals include the need for 1)improved knowledge and awareness to promote early diagnosis; 2)rapid referral systems to multidisciplinary care and access to specialist cardiomyopathy or heart failure nurses care coordination, 3)genetic counselling (index cases and cascade/family screening), and 4)support of patients and families. Building on existing examples of good practice at national expert centre networks (e.g. France, Spain, UK),Cardiomyopathies Matter published updated policy recommendations for the European Union mandate (3), which are now being adopted more widely. National initiatives are underway or in development in Belgium, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, and Spain. Local actions include multistakeholder roundtables and events, national Roadmap publications, events, educational activities, and media outreach. Conclusions EU and national Cardiovascular Health Action Plans are needed, with specific attention to cardiomyopathies and other inherited CVDs. Cardiomyopathies Matter fosters collaboration between healthcare professionals, PAGs and policymakers to promote policies that ensure all patients and families have access to guidelines-informed care.Figure 1Cardiomyopathy Priorities

The Effectiveness of the SP4N-LAPOR! as a National Public Service Complaint Management Application

The implementation of the National Public Service Complaint Management System-Online Aspiration and Complaints Service (or Sistem Pengelolaan Pengaduan Pelayanan Publik Nasional- Layanan Aspirasi dan Pengaduan Online a.k.a SP4N-LAPOR!) as a national public service complaint management application is still facing several problems. Ministry of State Apparatus Empowerment and Bureaucratic Reform (or Kementerian Pendayagunaan Aparatur Negara dan Reformasi Birokrasi a.k.a KemenPANRB) as a national admin of the SP4N-LAPOR! carries out monitoring and evaluation duties at the national level and forwards the reports to each government agency, thus playing an essential role in the effectiveness of SP4N-LAPOR!. This research aims to determine the effectiveness of implementing public service complaint management in the SP4N-LAPOR! by KemenPANRB in 2021. Qualitative and descriptive approaches as well as interview observation and documentation were used to collect data. The findings in the research show that the SP4N-LAPOR! has been planned and arranged according to applicable regulations. However, in practice, the implementation of SP4N-LAPOR! has not been optimal due to several factors: commitment, coordination, technical and operational capabilities, technology, and community involvement.

The Influence of Digital Literacy and Information Technology on the Use of SP4N LAPOR!

The National Public Service Complaint Management System - People's Online Aspiration and Complaint Service (SP4N-LAPOR) is integral to Indonesia's governance framework, facilitating citizen participation and grievance redressal. This study examines the dynamics of citizen engagement through SP4N-LAPOR in 2023, revealing a significant 30% increase in complaints totaling 176,853, primarily directed at Ministries/Institutions rather than Regional Governments, highlighting uneven awareness and utilization at the local level. The research focuses on East Kotawaringin Regency, Central Kalimantan Province, assessing the impact of digital literacy and community information technology use on SP4N-LAPOR adoption. Utilizing random sampling and multiple linear regression analysis, findings indicate substantial influences: digital literacy (X1) significantly affects engagement (t = 2.039, p < 0.05), as does community information technology use (X2) (t = 9.512, p < 0.001), jointly explaining 49.7% of SP4N-LAPOR usage variance. This underscores the imperative to enhance digital literacy and promote IT accessibility to bolster public interaction with SP4N-LAPOR, offering actionable insights for policy and practice to improve governance responsiveness nationwide.

Beyond registration: a systematic review of the challenges in managing geographical indications

Intellectual property is a strategic resource for both companies and nations, with geographical indications (GIs) being one of its main elements. These constitute intellectual property mechanisms applicable to goods and services characterized by the place of origin (harvested, produced, or manufactured), which involve environmental, historical, social, and cultural criteria, and thus, need to be managed appropriately. This study aims to analyze how GI management has been addressed in primary studies on the topic. To this end, a systematic review of the related literature between the years 2013 and 2023 was conducted. Out of a total of 396 publications, 21 national publications were selected in which GI appeared as the main objective along with its management process. However, after a complete analysis, it was found that post-registration management is still treated as a secondary objective, thereby demonstrating the importance of further studies on the topic.

Analysis of the Effectiveness of Based Public Services Information and Communication Technology (ICT)

This research is entitled: Analysis of the Effectiveness of Public Services Based on Information and Communication Technology (ICT): Study of the National Public Service Complaint Management System for People's Online Aspiration and Complaint Services (SP4N LAPOR) at the Communication and Information Service of the Riau Islands Province. The aim of the research is to determine the effectiveness of public services that utilize information and communication technology (ICT) with the SP4N LAPOR Application service at the Riau Islands Province Communication and Informatics Service (Diskominfo). The SP4N LAPOR Application is an application that can be used for category purposes. reporting in the form of aspirations and appreciation, as well as requests for public information and complaints and reports in the reporting completion category. and one of the government's efforts to provide high-quality public services for the community. In measuring the level of program effectiveness, researchers used Champbel theory (in Mutiarin and Arif, 2014). Also this research is descriptive in nature by applying qualitative methods. Informants were determined by applying purposive sampling techniques. In data collection, research instruments were used, including field observations and interviews with several informants. Then documentation studies are used for the documents in the research. Meanwhile, data analysis techniques are carried out through data reduction, displaying data and drawing conclusions on research that has been carried out. In the research results, it was found that the effectiveness of ICT- based public services with the SP4N LAPOR application in the Riau Islands Province Communication and Information Service (Diskominfo) was running quite effectively, although there were a number of obstacles, including limited reliability human resources in the field of information technology and obstacles. others in the form of the Riau Islands Provincial Government, especially Diskominfo, do not yet have an Information and Communication Technology (ICT) master plan and an Electronic Based Service System (SPBE) architecture.

Features of Coverage of the SARS-COVID-19 Coronavirus Pandemic in the Ukrainian Audiovisual Media (on the Example of News Releases of Central and Regional Television Channels and Public Service Broadcasters of Ukraine)

This paper explores some patterns of coverage of the coronavirus pandemic in the news programs of television and radio channels of the National Public Television and Radio Company of Ukraine. The process of pandemic coverage is reflexive and does not have a clear strategy or policy. The study is the first in this direction, and this is its scientific novelty. The most stable characteristic of vaccination coverage by Ukrainian Radio news is informing the audience about everything related to COVID-19 vaccinations.

Studi Literatur Penerapan Konsep dan Peran Manajemen pada Organisasi

The concept of management is a crucial element for effective organizational management. This article discusses various management theories and approaches, including basic functions such as planning, organizing, directing, and controlling. This research uses literature studies or literature reviews. The information used in this study comes from previous research written in national and international online publications. The data collection procedure makes use of the standards set by the authors of each magazine. Finding problems for research, gathering relevant data about them, and examining some fundamental hypotheses related to them are the broad goals of literary studies. The results of this study highlight the evolution of management thinking from the classical era to the modern era, including the contributions of important figures and recent advances in management practice. The research also explores the application of management concepts in various industries and organizations, as well as the challenges managers face in a dynamic business environment. In addition, this study emphasizes the importance of adaptation and innovation in management practices to improve organizational performance. Thus, this research provides an in-depth insight into the fundamental concepts of management and their influence on management practices. Modern management is based on principles such as discipline, division of labor, authority and responsibility, unity of command, unity of direction, subordination of personal interests, fair wages, centralization, authority, order, justice, stability of positions, initiative, and the spirit of solidarity. These principles help management actions achieve organizational goals.

“STOP BEING RACIST”: WHAT MALAYSIANS SAY ABOUT RACE ON SOCIAL MEDIA - A THEMATIC ANALYSIS

In recent years, social media platforms, exemplified by X (Twitter), have evolved into pivotal arenas for individuals to connect over shared interests and advocate for important societal issues collectively. This trend has notably surged since GE15, with these platforms serving as dynamic spaces for Malaysians to actively participate in national dialogues spanning social, political, religious, gender, and human rights topics. Through the medium of posts (tweets), these discussions not only spotlight pertinent issues but also unveil the diverse array of Malaysian perspectives. This study employed Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis framework to delve into social media conversations among Malaysians concerning race/ethnicity and its intersections. Utilizing publicly available posts (tweets) from January 1 to June 30, 2023, which were linked to significant local events, the analysis unearthed several salient themes. These include (1) Race and Ethnicity in Malaysian Society, (2) The Political Dimensions of Race, (3) Religious Influence on Politics, (4) Social Harmony and National Identity, (5) Media and Public Discourse, and (6) Human Rights and Equality. Collectively, these themes offer nuanced insights into Malaysia's multifaceted socio-political landscape. Despite the sometimes cursory nature of discussions on X (Twitter), the analysis reveals that these themes not only reflect racial/ethnic biases and perpetuate stereotypes and oppression but also underscore the urgent need for inclusive policies, respectful dialogue, and collective action to nurture harmony and equity within Malaysian society.

Analysis of Risk Management Using E-Office Application with ISO 31000:2018 in National Public Procurement Agency (NPPA/LKPP)

The National Public Procurement Agency (NPPA/LKPP) has implemented the E-Office application to streamline work activities for both civil servant (ASN) and non-ASN employees, encompassing personnel data, attendance, correspondence, and other administrative functions. This research aims to identify and analyze the risks associated with the LKPP E-Office application. This study utilized a qualitative methodology, adhering to the ISO 31000:2018 risk management framework, to conduct in-depth interviews and observations within the LKPP setting. The aim was to gather comprehensive data to support stakeholders in making well-informed and precise policy decisions about the E-Office application. Through this research, 32 distinct risks were identified and categorized into high, moderate, and low levels based on their potential impact. This study developed specific mitigation strategies to address and minimize the effect of identified risks. By adopting these strategies, the research aims to enhance the reliability and security of the E-Office application. Improved risk management practices will lead to a more resilient and secure system. As a result, boosting administrative efficiency and data management capabilities within NPPA/LKPP. Furthermore, this research not only brings to light the critical areas that require immediate attention but also outlines a strategic roadmap for mitigating these risks. This approach ensures the sustainable and efficient operation of the E-Office application. The outcomes of this study are anticipated to offer substantial benefits to stakeholders, creating a more secure and efficient administrative environment.

Академия будущего для будущего России

Dear readers! The guest of the journal “Municipality: Economy and Management” is the director of the Ural Institute of Management of the Presidential Academy Oleg V. Gushchin. His interlocutor is the editor-in-chief of the journal, Advanced Doctor of Law, Full Professor Igor V. Vydrin.Official information. Oleg V. Gushchin was born on November 24, 1972 in Lesnoy, Sverdlovsk region. In 1996, he graduated from the Ural Academy of Public Administration (hereinafter referred to as UAPA) with a degree in Public and Municipal Administration. He continued his studies at UAPA with a degree in Jurisprudence and received the qualification of lawyer in 1998. In 2014, Oleg V Gushchin completed his master’s degree at the Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin (hereinafter referred to as UrFU) in the field of training in Social Work. From 1990 to 1998, he worked in the Komsomol and public service. In 1998, Oleg V. Gushchin was accepted into the civil service as the head of the Youth Policy Department of the Department of Youth Affairs and Relations with Public Organizations of the Sverdlovsk Region. From 1999 to 2010 – Director of the Department of Youth Affairs of the Sverdlovsk Region. During 2010-2019, Oleg V. Gushchin worked at UrFU as Vice-Rector for Social and Youth Policy, Advisor to the Rector’s Office. From 2019 to 2022 – Director of the Department of Youth Policy of the Ministry of Education and Youth Policy of the Sverdlovsk Region. Since October 2022 – Director of the Ural Institute of Management – branch of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration. Oleg V. Gushchin is a candidate of sociological sciences.

Educational and Cultural Issues in the Legal Practice of the National Public Prosecutor’s Office of the Republic of Poland in 1919-1939

Educational and Cultural Issues in the Legal Practice of the National Public Prosecutor’s Office of the Republic of Poland in 1919-1939

Langeberg Koöperasie Bpk, 1938-1954: 'n triomf in sosiale en ekonomiese koöperasie

Langeberg Co-operation was founded in 1938 out of a need for infrastructure to promote the fruit and vegetable industry in the Langeberg area. The town Ashton as centre of the co-operation subsequently expanded substantially. The big orders during the Second World War boosted the co-operation, but the marketing policy had nevertheless to be adjusted to the war economy. After the war a deliberate national publicity campaign stimulated Langeberg production. To strengthen its position thereafter during the lapse in the South American economy the co-operation took over four other canning companies in 1954. This highlight in its history would, however, signify danger.

Live from Here: Comparing the Programming of Rural and Urban Public Radio Stations

ABSTRACT This paper is an examination of the vitality of U.S. public radio stations in rural areas. Previous empirical research suggests that the increased presence of commercial underwriting and listener donations (collectively referred to as “listener sensitive income”) has influenced National Public Radio and its local affiliate stations to behave in a way that more closely resembles commercial radio. This shift may have come at the expense of the initial intent and mission of public broadcasting which is to add diversity to the marketplace of ideas, serve underserved audiences, and most relevant to this study, provide a service that is reflective of local communities. This study analyzes data from a nationally representative sample (N = 178) of the 408 unique local NPR stations to determine if greater reliance on market-based funding sources is associated with a shift away from the mission of public radio in terms of its programming. The analysis suggested that rural public stations offer more overall diversity of programming, and specifically are more likely to offer minority-oriented programming, thus suggesting that rural stations have not become as commercialized as their urban counterparts.

Blood levels of persistent organic pollutants among women in France in the 90's: Main profiles and individual determinants

Context and objectivesPersistent organic pollutants (POPs) are a group of organic chemical compounds potentially toxic to human health. The objectives of this study were 1) to describe the levels of POPs biomarkers in blood samples from French women collected during the 1990s and to compare them with levels measured in two more recent French studies, 2) to identify POPs exposure profiles, and 3) to explore their main determinants. Methods73 POPs biomarkers were measured in the blood of 468 women from the French E3N cohort (aged 45–73 years), collected between 1994 and 1999: 28 per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, 27 organochlorine pesticides, 14 polychlorinated biphenyls and 4 polybrominated diphenyl ethers. POPs biomarker levels were described and compared with levels measured in two more recent French studies conducted by the French National Public Health Agency, the ENNS and Esteban studies. Principal component analysis was performed on POPs quantified in at least 75% of samples to identify the main exposure profiles. Linear regression models were used to estimate the associations between anthropometric, socio-demographic and lifestyle characteristics and exposure to these profiles. ResultsAmong the 73 biomarkers measured, 41 were quantified in more than 75% of samples. Levels of most pollutants that were also measured in the Esteban of ENNS studies have decreased over time. Six POPs exposure profiles were revealed, explaining 62.1% of the total variance. Most of the characteristics studied were associated with adherence to at least one of these profiles. ConclusionThis study highlighted that most of the pollutants for which a comparison was possible decreased over the 10 or 20 years following the E3N blood collection, and identified those which, on the contrary, tended to increase. The health effects of the profiles identified could be assessed in future studies. The determinants identified should be confirmed in larger populations.

An incidental finding of a hemoglobin E variant in a diabetic patient with an abnormal glycated hemoglobin level: a case report

BackgroundGlycated hemoglobin is a well-known marker for evaluating long-term glycemic control. However, the accuracy of glycated hemoglobin measurement can be affected by the presence of hemoglobin variants, which makes the determination and interpretation of glycated hemoglobin values in terms of glycemic control not only difficult but also misleading. Here we present the first ever case of a patient with type 2 diabetes with hemoglobin E from Nepal, diagnosed incidentally because of spurious glycated hemoglobin levels.Case presentationA 45-year-old Hindu Mongolian female with a history of type 2 diabetes for around 9 years but not very compliant with follow-ups was referred to our facility for plasma fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels and glycated hemoglobin. Fasting and postprandial blood sugars were found to be high. A consistent very low glycated hemoglobin by two different high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods compelled us to call the patient for a detailed clinical history and for the records of investigations done in the past. The patient has been a known case of type 2 diabetes for around 9 years and presented irregularly for follow-up visits. Around 4 years ago, she presented to a healthcare facility with fatigue, severe headaches, pain in the abdomen, discomfort, and dizziness for a couple of months, where she was shown to have high blood glucose. She was referred to a tertiary-level hospital in Kathmandu, where she was prescribed metformin 500 mg once daily (OD). Due to her abnormal hemoglobin A1c reports, she was then sent to the National Public Health Laboratory for repeat investigations. Her blood and urine investigations were sent. Complete blood count findings revealed high red blood cell and white blood cell counts, a low mean corpuscular volume, and a high red cell distribution width-coefficient of variation. Other parameters, including serum electrolytes, renal function tests, liver function tests, and urine routine examinations, were within normal limits. A peripheral blood smear revealed microcytic hypochromic red cells with some target cells. Hemoglobin electrophoresis showed a very high percentage of hemoglobin E, a very low percentage of hemoglobin A2, and normal proportions of hemoglobin A and hemoglobin F. A diagnosis of homozygous hemoglobin E was made, and family screening was advised.ConclusionsClinicians should be aware of the limitations of glycated hemoglobin estimation by ion exchange high-performance liquid chromatography in patients with hemoglobin E and other hemoglobin variants. If the clinical impression and glycated hemoglobin test results do not match, glycated hemoglobin values should be determined with a second method based on a different principle, and glycemic status should be confirmed through alternative investigations, preferably those that are not influenced by the presence of hemoglobin variants (for example, boronate affinity chromatography, fructosamine test, glycated albumin test, the oral glucose tolerance test, continuous glucose monitoring, etc.). Consistent or even doubtful results should also raise the suspicion of a hemoglobin variant, which should be confirmed through further evaluation and investigations.