National Panorama Research Articles

The impact of insularity on SARS-CoV-2 diffusion: Recapitulating three years of COVID-19 pandemic in the island of Sardinia

BackgroundItaly has been the first European Country dealing with SARS-CoV-2, whose diffusion on the territory has not been homogeneous. Among Italian regions, Sardinia represented one of the lowest incidence areas, likely due to its insular nature. Despite this, the impact of insularity on SARS-CoV-2 genetic diversity has not been comprehensively described. MethodsIn the present study, we performed the high throughput sequencing of 888 SARS-CoV-2 genomes collected in Sardinia during the first 23 months of pandemics. In addition, 1439 high-coverage SARS-CoV-2 genomes circulating in Sardinia along three years (December 2019 – January 2023) were downloaded from GISAID, for a total of 2327 viral sequences that were characterized in terms of phylogeny and genomic diversity. ResultsOverall, COVID-19 pandemic in Sardinia showed substantial differences with respect to the national panorama, with additional peaks of infections and uncommon lineages that reflects the national and regional policies of re-opening and the subsequent touristic arrivals. Sardinia has been interested by the circulation of at least 87 SARS-CoV-2 lineages, including some that were poorly represented at national and European level, likely linked to multiple importation events. The relative frequency of Sardinian SARS-CoV-2 lineages has been compared to other Mediterranean Islands, revealing a unique composition. ConclusionsThe genomic diversity of SARS-CoV-2 in Sardinia has been shaped by a complex interplay of insular geography, low population density, and touristic arrivals, leading on the one side to the importation of lineages remaining rare at the national level, and resulting on the other side in the delayed entry of otherwise common variants.

Exploring Sustainability and Efficiency of Production Models in the Spanish Beef Cattle Industry through External Logistic Biplot

Livestock farming, especially the beef cattle sector, plays a crucial role in the economy and social and environmental balance and occupies a prominent position in Spain. The aim of this study is to highlight the positive impact of this sector in socioeconomic, food, natural heritage conservation, and environmental management aspects in order to obtain an accurate profile of the national panorama and to propose sample subgroups. For this purpose, 252 beef cattle farms in Spain were examined in detail, and the external logistic biplot (ELB) was used with a multivariate approach and from an algebraic and computational perspective. By addressing aspects such as infrastructure, feeding strategies, waste management, biodiversity, productivity, and sustainability, similarities and differences between cattle farms have been obtained, providing an analytical tool for the livestock sector and generating key knowledge on its functioning and contributions to society and the environment. The analysis revealed accuracy in the zootechnical classification of livestock farms, their feeding strategies, and genetics. Finally, significant regional differences in prevailing livestock practices were identified.

Cancro do Pulmão associado ao Trabalho

Introduction/framework/objectives Lung Cancer is fairly common and usually very lethal. Part of the cases seems to have an occupational etiology, so it will be relevant for professionals in the area to have some notions on the subject. The aim of this review was to summarize what was most recent and pertinent published on this subject. Methodology This is a Bibliographic Review, initiated through a search carried out in January 2022, in the databases “CINALH plus with full text, Medline with full text, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Methodology Register, Nursing and Allied Health Collection: comprehensive, MedicLatina and RCAAP”. Content It is the deadliest cancer worldwide; it is the most frequent in males and the third most prevalent in females. Some researchers consider that it is possible that some hormonal issues can boost the number of cases in females. In this last ones, the most frequent is adenocarcinoma, less associated with tobacco. It is believed that the occupational origin can explain almost a third of the cases. In this context, asbestos are the most relevant factor (responsible for 55 to 85% of cases with occupational etiology), according to some authors. Discussion and Conclusions In the literature, there is reasonable evidence that Lung Cancer is more likely to occur in situations where there is exposure to Radon, Asbestos/Silica, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Fiberglass, Diesel, Aluminum, Sulfur Dioxide and/or Particulate Matter. Thus, some of the professional sectors highlighted in this context will be Construction (General and Naval), Foundries and Mines. Despite this, there is little available literature that demonstrates the study of this phenomenon in national companies, so it would be relevant for some Occupational Health and Safety teams to dedicate some time to investigating these issues, enhancing global scientific knowledge on this topic and, in particular, epidemiologically characterizing the national panorama (incidence, most affected sectors/professions/tasks, as well as most used and/or effective collective and individual protection measures). Keywords: lung cancer, asbestos, silica, radon, occupational health, occupational medicine and occupational security.

Cancro do Pulmão associado ao Trabalho

Introduction/framework/objectives Lung Cancer is fairly common and usually very lethal. Part of the cases seems to have an occupational etiology, so it will be relevant for professionals in the area to have some notions on the subject. The aim of this review was to summarize what was most recent and pertinent published on this subject. Methodology This is a Bibliographic Review, initiated through a search carried out in January 2022, in the databases “CINALH plus with full text, Medline with full text, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Methodology Register, Nursing and Allied Health Collection: comprehensive, MedicLatina and RCAAP”. Content It is the deadliest cancer worldwide; it is the most frequent in males and the third most prevalent in females. Some researchers consider that it is possible that some hormonal issues can boost the number of cases in females. In this last ones, the most frequent is adenocarcinoma, less associated with tobacco. It is believed that the occupational origin can explain almost a third of the cases. In this context, asbestos are the most relevant factor (responsible for 55 to 85% of cases with occupational etiology), according to some authors. Discussion and Conclusions In the literature, there is reasonable evidence that Lung Cancer is more likely to occur in situations where there is exposure to Radon, Asbestos/Silica, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Fiberglass, Diesel, Aluminum, Sulfur Dioxide and/or Particulate Matter. Thus, some of the professional sectors highlighted in this context will be Construction (General and Naval), Foundries and Mines. Despite this, there is little available literature that demonstrates the study of this phenomenon in national companies, so it would be relevant for some Occupational Health and Safety teams to dedicate some time to investigating these issues, enhancing global scientific knowledge on this topic and, in particular, epidemiologically characterizing the national panorama (incidence, most affected sectors/professions/tasks, as well as most used and/or effective collective and individual protection measures). Keywords: lung cancer, asbestos, silica, radon, occupational health, occupational medicine and occupational security.

Profile of publications on tourism with elderly people in Brazil

Tourism and leisure are sectors that have been awakening the demand of elderly consumers. The aim of this article was to map the literature on Brazilian productions on tourism and human aging. For this purpose, a Scoping review was carried out using the PRISMA method. Data collection did not have publication time delimitation and CAPES and BDTD databases were used. The 46 selected documents were analyzed by IRaMuTeQ. The results were presented using the descending hierarchical classification method and the word cloud. The corpus was divided into 365 text segments and 59.06% of these data were evaluated. 12,723 different elements were analyzed. Descending hierarchical classification separated the corpus into five classes of textual elements. The importance of these publications for a national panorama and future analyzes of the development of this theme in our society are highlighted.

Impact of Internationalization on the Management Control System in Pharmaceutical Industries: Study of Multiple Cases

This research aims to analyze the internationalization strategies and to identify if there was an impact on the Management Control Systems (MCS), in nine pharmaceutical companies, being seven Brazilian: EMS, EUROFARMA, ACHÉ, CRISTÁLIA, HEBRON, RIOQUÍMICA, FARMANGUINHOS and two Portuguese, SIDEFARMA and ATRAL. The methodology is characterized as qualitative, descriptive and multiple case study, based on semi-structured interviews with executives in the international and management area, in addition to the collection of secondary data. In the literature, he sought to discuss classical theories, classification, strategies and motivations for internationalization, in addition to the characteristics and mechanisms of management control. The pharmaceutical industry was contextualized, portraying the global and national panorama, pointing out the structural characteristics of the segment. Therefore, the results revealed that the internationalization strategies and the SCG are very close to what the literature recommends, following strategies with a P&DI focus, similar to developed countries. It was concluded that there was an impact, in Internationalization, on the MCS in EMS, EUROFARMA and CRISTÁLIA; and in the others, there was no impact or change in control mechanisms. It is suggested to deepen studies in other pharmaceutical companies, with greater participation of international sales, developing an agenda to follow the evolution.

National panorama of adolescent pregnancy in Mexico: lessons learned in a six-year period.

Globally, adolescent pregnancy constitutes a serious public health problem of a multifactorial nature. Specifically for women, it entails various educational, economic and social implications that affect their life project and widen the social gaps in this age group. Furthermore, adolescent girls are more vulnerable because of the health risk involved with pregnancy at a younger age. According to the World Health Organization, "the probability of maternal death is twice as high in adolescents in comparison with women aged between 20 and 30 years, and for those younger than 15 years, the risks are five times higher". In general, adolescents are in great need for education on sexual and reproductive health issues, which should be aimed at increasing information and knowledge about correct use and access to modern contraceptive methods, as well as at demystifying fears and beliefs around their possible side effects. Ensuring proper counseling with trained personnel is equally vital. Public institutions have a social responsibility to support efforts aimed at preventing adolescent pregnancy, based on relevant lines of action and health policies.

6. Logiques des transferts et pratiques répressives. La population du camp des nomades de Montreuil-Bellay, 1941-1945

The pioneering work of Jacques Sigot made it possible, from the 1980s on, to reveal the history of the concentration camp of Montreuil-Bellay, which had fallen into oblivion. One gap remained to be filled : to draw up a list of the internees. Research conducted since 2016 has established that around 1,850 people, mostly Gypsies, were interned in the camp. The creation of a database makes it possible to propose a structured and segmented study of the interned population, to reinscribe its history in the national panorama of the internment of nomads, and to analyze in detail the logic of transfers and the repressive practices at work. The highlighting of particular paths brings to light the heterogeneity and complexity of trajectories: varied itineraries according to the events of the war, strategies for escaping from internment, and desires to join a territory of economic ties and family.

ACute cholangitis mortality and survival analysis: A national database analysis

Background: Acute cholangitis is a life-threatening condition that results from a biliary tract infection and obstruction. The worldwide mortality rate has been reduced with early diagnosis and treatment through the years. Even though Mexican studies about the clinical course and prognostic factors have been carried out from single centers, a national panorama about the mortality rate and prognostic factors is limited. To analyze the clinic course and prognostic factors associated with mortality of patients diagnosed with acute cholangitis (ICD K803 and K830) between 2010 and 2019 in Mexico.

The Historical Profile of the National Panorama of the Tran Sexualizing Process in Brazil

AbstractThe transsexualization process has been gaining prominence in the area of public health, with several procedures being incorporated into the unified health system. Objective is to quantify the modalities of outpatient and hospital care of the Transsexualization Process (PrTr) in the unified Health System in the period 2014-2018 in different Brazilian regions. This is an ecological time series study, whose data were obtained by consulting the Hospital Information System (SIH) database, made available by the Informatics Department of the Unified Health System (DATASUS). The study population consisted of all cases of the Transsexualization Process in Brazil within the selected period, including pre and postoperative clinical follow-ups; hormone therapy and surgical procedures. Result: During the period from 2014 to 2018 in Brazil, 31,615 procedures were performed involving PrTr. The South and Southeast regions had the highest numbers of patients in the PrTr in outpatient and hospital settings. On the other hand, in the North Region, no procedure was accounted for. Conclusion: The importance of the topic is shown in the evidence of the expansion of procedures performed on a national scale, for the need for health care of patients undergoing PrTr and training of health professionals. Keywords: Health Policy. Transsexualism. Transgender Persons. Sex Reassignment Procedures. Sex Reassignment Surgery. ResumoO processo transexualizador vem ganhando destaque na área da saúde pública sendo incorporado diversos procedimento no sistema único de saúde. O objetivo do estudo foi quantificar as modalidades de atendimento ambulatorial e hospitalar do Processo Transexualizador (PrTr) no sistema único de saúde no período de 2014-2018 nas diferentes regiões brasileiras. Trata-se de um estudo ecológico de série temporal, cujos dados foram obtidos por meio de consulta à base de dados Sistema de Informação Hospitalar (SIH), disponibilizados pelo Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (DATASUS). A população de estudo foi constituída por todos os casos do Processo Transexualizador no Brasil dentro do período selecionado, incluindo acompanhamentos clínicos pré e pós-operatórios; hormonioterapia e procedimentos cirúrgicos. Durante o período de 2014 a 2018 no Brasil foram realizados 31.615 procedimentos envolvendo o PrTr. As Regiões Sul e Sudeste apresentaram os maiores quantitativos de pacientes no PrTr nos âmbitos ambulatorial e hospitalar. Em contrapartida, na Região Norte nenhum procedimento foi contabilizado. A importância do tema se apresenta na evidência da ampliação de procedimentos realizados em escala nacional, para a necessidade de atenção à saúde dos pacientes submetidos ao PrTr e capacitação dos profissionais da área de saúde. Palavras-chave: Política de Saúde. Transexualidade. Pessoas Transgênero. Procedimentos de Readequação Sexual. Cirurgia de Readequação Sexual.

Rivista Italiana di Filosofia Politica. Uno spazio di Confronto

Rivista Italiana di Filosofia Politica is the official academic journal of the Italian Society of Political Philosophy (SIFP) and aims to offer a space for critical discussion for the different paths of enquiry within the national and international panorama of political philosophy.

Walnut production and marketing in Portugal and in the world context

The production of Walnut trees (Juglans regia L) looking the fruit harvesting has been, lately in Portugal, an interesting opportunity for several agricultural entrepreneurs. We think that this phenomenon occurs mainly due to the awareness of market tendencies. These are, in turn, essentially associated with the walnuts´ organoleptic characteristics, which, as a component of the human diet, has been highly recognized in recent years, both due to the increase in the analysis capacity of the walnuts´ constituents, as well as the knowledge of the effects they can have on consumer’s health. Under this perspective, the great diversity of uses of its products contributes to the culture increasing, since in addition to human food, it is also used in the pharmaceutical industry, in the manufacture of dyes, liquors and even in the processed wood industry. The present study is based in the analysis of the officially available data, in order to develop information related to the main elements that characterize the productive and commercial aspects of the walnut, in the world and national panorama, identifying trends and trying to contribute to understand de market flows.

Investigation in forensic nursing: trajectories and possibilities of action.

To theorize and reflect on the possibilities of the forensic nurse's performance, emphasizing the work as a civil and criminal expert, based on the Brazilian legislation, ethical principles, and comprehensive care for human beings. This is a theoretical study of exploratory nature with reflective and critical characteristics. It was based on the history of the national and international development of the forensic nursing specialty. It is organized into four categories, namely: areas of practice of forensic nurses in North American countries; state-of-the-art North American forensic nursing and the Brazilian reality, and nursing action in the face of violence. This way, international history, national panorama, and in-depth theoretical study were concatenated. Evidence of the contribution of forensic nursing to criminal and civil areas points to the emerging need for implementation and recognition of this practice within the scope of forensic investigation in Brazil with the inclusion of the topic in undergraduate courses.

Quale storia per quale pubblico. Verso la giornata della Public history in Emilia-Romagna

The article traces the highlights of the online conference Which History for Which Audience. Towards the Public History Day in Emilia-Romagna, held in October 2020, preparatory to the realization of the Public history day in Emilia-Romagna. During the meeting, representatives of the most active sectors related to the Public history discussed the peculiarities of the regional reality and the continuity with the national and international panorama.

Rir juntas é o melhor remédio contra os tempos temerosos: crítica e humor nas tiras de Thaïs Gualberto e de Fabiane Langona (2016-2018)

O objetivo deste texto é refletir sobre os mecanismos do humor gráfico produzido entre o impeachment de Dilma Rousseff, destituída do cargo de presidente em 2016, e o final do governo de Michel Temer, em dezembro de 2018. Durante um levantamento das tiras da sessão Folha Cartuns / Cartuns Diários da Folha de S. Paulo, feito de dezembro de 2015 ao final de 2018, foi possível observar posicionamentos contrários ao golpe, colocando em xeque a pretensa neutralidade do periódico. A mistura de elementos da charge e dos quadrinhos deu origem a um produto híbrido que procurava explicar, rir e criticar as situações inusitadas que se seguiram no temeroso panorama nacional. Para este artigo, foram consideradas apenas as tiras feitas por mulheres, especificamente os quadrinhos de Thaïs Gualberto e Fabiane Langona. O interesse é pensar sobre o modo como as personagens criadas por essas duas desenhistas dialogaram com as questões feministas e as pautas de luta das mulheres, em plena conjuntura de golpe. Foram analisadas as tiras com temáticas em torno das caracterizações do governo Temer, do olhar sobre o Brasil e a política marcada pela campanha eleitoral e pela eleição a presidente em 2018, levando em conta as escolhas de recursos e procedimentos técnicos que causavam o efeito humorístico. Na interpretação dos acontecimentos do impeachment e do governo de Temer, as quadrinistas buscaram inspiração nas notícias, no cotidiano das cidades e nas experiências pessoais, construindo outras narrativas, do ponto de vista das lutas e das práticas de resistência das mulheres. Palavras-chave: Thaïs Gualberto. Fabiane Langona. Humor Gráfico. Quadrinhos.

Los perfiles digitales después de la muerte, una perspectiva europea

Las nuevas tecnologías de la información y la comunicación y, específicamente, las redes sociales, generan un impacto directo en el desarrollo de la personalidad de la población mundial. Hasta junio de 2019, la red social Facebook contaba con dos mil millones de usuarios, lo que pone en evidencia la importancia que tiene en la actualidad la protección de nuestros datos en estas plataformas digitales. Sin embargo, ¿qué pasa con nuestras identidades digitales después de nuestra muerte? Esta comunicación pretende exponer el panorama actual nacional y europeo sobre el tema, tratando principalmente la ley catalana acerca de las voluntades digitales cuando ocurra fallecimiento o incapacidad (Ley 10/2017, del 27 de junio), así como otros desarrollos jurídicos en países de nuestro entorno, como Francia (Ley núm. 2016-1321 del 7 de octubre de 2016 para una República Digital) y Alemania (Sentencia del 31 de mayo del 2017 del Kammergericht, Berlin), que puedan servir de referencia para el tratamiento de esta cuestión en España. Simultáneamente, se valorarán las repercusiones que tiene el contenido digital de la persona fallecida en los derechos personalísimos de las personas vivas.

Discusión sobre sociología de la literatura

En el marco de una sociología de la literatura argentina que ha sido desarrollada principalmente por representantes de los estudios literarios, planteamos una discusión sobre los puntos de partida de la sub-disciplina. Para esto, elaboramos una argumentación centrada en la necesidad de sentar unas bases relativamente amplias para un programa de investigación y docencia en sociología de la literatura. Remarcamos dos requisitos: por un lado, la sensatez de partir de una gran doble duda basada en la intransparencia de “lo social” y “lo literario”; por otro, la necesidad de hacer explícito el propio lugar de enunciación y observación. Discutimos con enfoques teóricos de distintos autores (Bourdieu, Casanova, Escarpit, Moretti y otros), así como con dos programas de docencia universitaria de sociología de la literatura. Además, pasamos revista a un somero panorama nacional de aportes desde los estudios literarios y la sociología. Buscamos, por sobre todas las cosas, discutir, por lo que no arribamos a ningún tipo de conclusión “superadora”, aunque sí afirmamos que un programa de sociología de la literatura deberá ser una constante molestia, tanto para los estudios literarios como para la sociología.

Scientific Production in Dentistry: The National Panorama through a Bibliometric Study of Italian Academies.

Background The academic scientific research in the field of dentistry has rapidly increased in the last 20 years under the pressure of the multidisciplinary technological advancements and the growing demand for new predictable and cost-effective techniques and materials. The aim of the present investigation was to analyze the academic scientific production conducted by Italian Academies and Dental Schools. Methods The list of MED/28 academic researchers, associate and full professors, and academic affiliations was collected from the national database of CINECA to evaluate the scientific output of the Italian Universities. The complete list of scientific contributions and the bibliometric parameters were recorded in the Scopus database. Results The scientific production of 37 Italian Universities, 416 researchers, and 23689 papers was evaluated. The measurement of total academic papers, citations, h-index, and relative citation ratio (RCR) was calculated. The study data showed an increase of the academic scientific production over the last 5 years. Conclusions The results presented show how scientific research is increasingly pursued by dental clinicians.

Categorias Auxiliares em Odontologia: Análise e caracterização do panorama da distribuição no Brasil

A Odontologia apresentou uma evolução histórica marcada por diferentes fases de profissionalização e de aprimoramento dos serviços odontológicos, culminando com a ampliação da equipe de saúde bucal através da criação de categorias de auxiliares como os Auxiliares em Saúde Bucal (ASBs), Técnicos em Saúde Bucal (TSBs), Auxiliares em Prótese Dentária (APDs) e Técnicos em prótese dentária (TPDs). Assim, mediante um levantamento de dados de pesquisa documental acerca dos números de profissionais de cada uma dessas categorias, este trabalho tem como objetivo caracterizar o panorama nacional da distribuição de ASBs, APDs, TSBs e TPDs, além do perfil de distribuição desses profissionais em relação ao número de Cirurgiões-Dentistas (CDs). Os dados mostram que existem 205.888 profissionais auxiliares em Odontologia em exercício no Brasil, sendo a maioria deles ASBs e TSBs, os quais encontram-se concentrados nos estados de São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro e Minas Gerais. Por outro lado, dentre as regiões brasileiras o Sudeste concentra os maiores percentuais de profissionais de todas as categorias auxiliares do país. Em outra perspectiva, considerando-se as relações entre o total de CDs e de profissionais de cada categoria auxiliar, evidenciam-se diferenças entre os estados e regiões brasileiras, com valores de 1CD/0,42 ASB; 1CD/0,10 TSB; 1CD/0,019 APD e 1CD/0,069 TPD a nível nacional. Diante disso, constata-se que o panorama de distribuição profissional para as diferentes categorias auxiliares em Odontologia encontra-se ainda aquém das necessidades atuais e os dados aqui apresentados podem fornecer indícios de orientação profissional e mercadológica para essas áreas de atuação.

Recomendações para a qualidade dos Programas de Residência de Medicina de Família e Comunidade no Brasil

Diante de mudanças recentes no panorama nacional de programas de incentivos para provimento e formação médica em Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS), o Grupo de Trabalho de Ensinagem da SBMFC organizou um Encontro Nacional entre os dias 29 de novembro e 1º de dezembro de 2019, na cidade do Rio de Janeiro/RJ. O evento reuniu professores, supervisores, preceptores e residentes de Medicina de Família e Comunidade de diferentes regiões do país, e teve como objetivos discutir o atual cenário, além de elencar recomendações para qualidade dos PRMFC e caminhos para o fortalecimento da formação de médicas e médicos de família e comunidade via Residência Médica. Essas recomendações buscaram considerar a diversidade dos PRMFC em um país tão vasto quanto o Brasil e, principalmente, a necessidade de se estabelecer parâmetros mínimos de organização para os programas das mais variadas configurações, como PRMFC vinculados a Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES), secretarias estaduais ou municipais de saúde. As recomendações foram então organizadas em três eixos: 1) recomendações para supervisores e coordenadores de PRMFC e modelos possíveis de preceptoria; 2) recomendações para formuladores e executores de políticas públicas; e 3) recomendações para lideranças da medicina de família e comunidade.