National Mentality Research Articles

UNDERLYING DIFFERENCES BETWEEN COGNITIVE AND LINGUOCULTURAL CONCEPTS IN THE FIELD OF COGNITIVE LINGUISTICS AND LINGUOCULTUROLOGY

The article attempts to present a thorough analyses of concept from the position of two linguistic perspectives. The notion of concept is shared property and means of representation for both linguoculturology and cognitive linguistics. The concept is viewed as a mental representation, fragments from human life experience, abstract and rational categories shaped in the individual’s world picture. Having numerous ways of representation through language units in language, concepts create conceptual spaces and are classified into universal, national and individual divisions. A substantial and perspicuous explanation is presented in the given article, first to throw light on different angles of research of cognitive linguistics and linguoculturology; secondly, to develop thorough methodological comparative evaluation which outlines major similarities and differences between linguocultural and cognitive concepts. A comparative analysis allows to conclude that the value component reflected in national collective mentality is considered as the most significant aspect of linguocultural concept; while, cognitive concepts are inextricably intertwined with linguocultural concepts, the focal point of the study is directed to the investigation of processes of human cognition and information processing along with the attempt to identify the major concepts that help to organize conceptual world picture.

DOMESTIC PHILOSOPHICAL THOUGHT ABOUT NATIONAL MENTALITY

The article examines the views of the classics of Russian philosophical thought (V.S. Solovyev, S.N. Bulgakov, I.A. Ilyin and N.A. Berdyaev) on the essence of the national mentality. The interpretation of nationalism and cosmopolitanism given by thinkers is revealed. Their understanding of the essence of the Russian national mentality, its advantages and disadvantages is considered in detail.

FEATURES OF THE NATIONAL KAZAKH GAMES

The article considered an in-depth description of national games based on the Kazakh national mentality. The main emphasis was placed on the content of national games with the normal ethnic life of the Kazakh people. It also details the extraordinary link between two great concepts, national games and national customs. A detailed explanation is given for every game that is popular among the adult population of the country. Children’s national games have not been excluded, but they have not lost their value and popularity in the current period of a prosperous country.

Oriental Elements of Russian Folk Speech and Folklore

This study analyses the Eastern character of the Russian folklanguage and folklore which connected whith the character of national mentality. The cultural contacts of Russian people with the Turkish and Finno-Ugrian people in the Volga basin were presented by N. S.Troubetzkoy (1927) who formed the new theory-from Russian culture. Our scientific investigation of the Russian folklanguage and folklore is motivated by the works, which demonstrated the insufficiency of this domain. The results of our comparative investigation prove the Eastern traits of Russian folklanguage and folklore, namely, we discovered the parallel structures in the Eastern languages and folklore.

Русский язык как отражение особенностей национального мышления

В статье отмечается взаимосвязь языка, культуры и мышления. Рассмотрены некоторые устойчивые языковые выражения, предающие значения конкретных явлений в русском и английском языке и отражающие явления окружающего мира через особенности передачи значений присущих конкретной стране. Приведен анализ влияния менталитета на особенности национального мышления. Описаны факторы обусловливающие формирование национального мышления и менталитета русского народа. Приведены особенности черт русского народа в сопоставлении с особенностями американского народа.

Some observations on ethnic-ritual elements as a means of national identification of characters in Lesya Ukrainka’s dramatic poem Boyarynya (The Noblewoman)

This article analyzes Lesya Ukrainka’s well-known dramatic poem Boyarynya in an aspect still, unfortunately, little-studied: a comparison of the mental characteristics of Ukrainians and Russians, formed by different conditions of existence and development in the diachrony of the 17th–19th centuries. The purpose of the article: using historical materials, to compare the mental first Ukrainians and Muscovites, to determine the features of interstate relations in the social vertical. First of all, we are talking about the traditions, rituals associated with the awareness of national identity, the importance of the religious component in the national mentality. The political, socio-economic, ideological foundations of the two peoples’ lives are also compared, it is proved that the cardinal difference between them lies in the difference of views on the fundamental foundations of organizing the society, the possibility of self-realization in a society where the individual is respected, on the one hand, and on the other, according to the principle of hierarchization, the absolutization of submission within the social vertical and the submission of all and everything to the supreme power tsarism. This refers to the opposition of democracy and monarchy Lesia Ukrainka vividly embodied in her work. A separate aspect of the study is the information from foreign diplomats and travelers about the state institutions, the life of the Muscovites at the time, which prove the artistic reliability of the Muscovy depicted by the writer in Boyaryna. The artistic techniques and the ways to write out the era in the poem, the images (contrast, speech, nuances of the emotional, color scale) are highlighted in the paper.

NAIVE ART: FEATURES OF CREATIVE PERCEPTION

The purpose of the article is to define the specificity of the concept of "naive", to analyse the peculiarities of the works of art of this direction, their distinctive features on the basis of the visual works of Ukrainian naivists. Methodology. The research methodology is based on the art history analysis, the complex use of historical and comparative methods, system analysis, synthesis and eneralization. Results. The concept of naïve has been defined, its specificity in relation to the related, but not identical terms, such as "primitive art" and "outsider art" has been singled out, and the components of the development of the given tendency have been studied. On the example of Ukrainian naive art representatives, the characteristic features of the artists of this direction were defined. The urgency of the application of artistic images of naive in the realities of contemporary design is underlined. The scientific novelty. The category of artistic and compositional features of this kind of art in the works of Ukrainian naïve artists have been investigated, the characteristic visual techniques of this artistic direction, which are actual for the application in the modern design projects, have been determined. Practical significance. The identified features of the concept of naive, originality of creative implementation of this trend can contribute to the further research of this topical for the design of postmodern art form, and become a part of the discipline of art studies of students-designers to enhance their competitiveness in creating a visual culture of the modern society on the basis of images close to the national mentality.

Інституційні аспекти економічного розвитку у працях І.В. Вернадського

The article is devoted to the study and coverage of the institutional environment formation in the scientific achievements of the famous scientist-economist of the XIX century Ivan Vernadsky. The purpose of the study is the historical and economic generalization of I. Vernadsky's views on the institutional aspects of economic activity and development. The scientist had a deep understanding of the important role that social institutions play in economic reality and the importance of their study for the completeness of economic analysis. He highly valued the work of other economists who used institutional approaches, and paid considerable attention in his work to the influence of the institutional environment and its individual components on the results of economic activity. The main attention of the article is devoted to the historical-theoretical analysis of I. Vernadsky's views on the concept of property and possession as key categories of economy and law, their economic significance and relationship with other categories of political economy, such as wealth, value, income. The author analyzes I. Vernadsky's views on the most important institutional factors of economic development, in particular economic freedom, free private property, development of knowledge, education and science, education of such moral qualities as conscience, honesty, thrift, etc., as well as the influence of national mentality on economic policy. The conclusion is that the original concept of property and possession developed by I. Vernadsky can be assessed as a significant achievement of contemporary economics, as it contains not only the postulates of classical political economy, but also elements of the subsequent institutional theory of property rights, in particular the institutional nature of ownership and property as factors that determine the borders of economic activity.

Formation of Linguocultural Direction in Uzbek Linguistics

Today, linguo-cultural studies are one of the main branches of anthropocentric direction, one of the leading paradigms in world linguistics. Linguo-cultural studies are the study of the relationship and influence of language with culture, ethnos, and national mentality on the basis of anthropocentric paradigm principles. The serious and systematic implementation of linguo-cultural analysis of language in Uzbek linguistics began in the second decade of the XXI century. During this period, linguo-culturalism began to take shape as a separate branch of Uzbek linguistics. Anthropocentric views of language played an important role in the formation of this industry. As a result of the linguo-cultural approach to language units, research has emerged that reflects new perspectives. In them, the Uzbek language units were studied in harmony with the mentality, national outlook and psyche of the people. The article analyzes the ideas put forward in these studies, identifies the stages of formation of Uzbek linguo-cultural studies and highlights their most important features.

Синтез арабо-мусульманской культуры в Персии и Северной Индии: к истории вопроса

The article is devoted to the analysis of the process of the Persian language and culture de-velopment in the Middle Ages and the modern period, its continuity from the Sassanid era to the Samanid and Safavid eras and the synthesis of Arab-Muslim culture in Persia and India. The author turns to the origins of the New Persian language, examines the influence of Iranian culture on the cultural development of neighboring people and demonstrates that the Farsi language influenced the emergence in the Delhi Sultanate of a new Urdu language with a predominance of Persian-Arabic vocabulary. The synthesis of the Arab-Muslim culture of Iran, the mutual influence of the Arab-Islamic and local cultures, clearly manifested in the development of architecture, are considered. Chronologically, the article covers the period of the Middle Ages and the modern period. The re-search is based on the methodological principles of historicism and objectivity, as well as on the his-torical-comparative, historical-genetic, historical-typological methods and civilizational approach. The author concludes that the Iranian cultural influence in the Middle Ages and in the modern peri-od extended to all the eastern lands of Islam – from the Seljuk state to India. The Muslim society was multifaceted, yet subject to the strict rules of Islam. Classical Muslim thought and culture were characterized by a high adaptive capacity. At the end of the twentieth century, the Iranians declared the Persian language an important factor of cultural integration and the foundation of the national mentality. The Farsi language was proclaimed “the second language of Islam”, and the knowledge and study of classical poetry and philosophy of Sufism was recognized as an important means of consolidating the Muslims of the region. This cultural policy contributed to overcoming the interna-tional isolation of the Islamic Republic of Iran and expanding the scope of regional cooperation.

Специфика изображения пейзажного пространства в романе Стендаля «Пармская обитель»

The research objectives are as follows: to identify the peculiarities of Italian landscape description in Stendhal’s novel “The Charterhouse of Parma”, to reveal its functions, to show how specificity of national mentality is represented in artistic comments on architectural monuments, historical comments on ancient Rome culture. Scientific originality of the paper is conditioned by the fact that landscape functions in Stendhal’s novel have not been previously investigated in domestic literary criticism. As a result, it is proved that in this literary text, Italian landscape description performs important characterological and story-formative functions. It represents the specificity of national self-consciousness, enriches personages’ psychological portrait, and the integrity of landscape elements constitutes an archetypical complex, the basis of a typical description of southern Italian landscape.

National and cultural elements in Russian children's discourse

The work is devoted to the topical problem of linguoculture. The subject of the research is cultural codes in children's discourse based on the materials of the living speech of Russian children on the site "Children Speak". For the research general scientific methods of analysis and generalization, descriptive and contextological methods, the method of linguoculturological and ontogenetic analysis are used. As a result, the linguocultural and linguo-sociological aspects of the formation of a child's linguistic personality are considered. At the same time, attention is focused on identifying the peculiarities of Russian children's discourse in the linguocultural aspect, studying the ethnocultural determinants of creating the linguistic personality of children. Based on the results of the analysis, it was concluded that the national culture is one of the decisive factors affecting the speech activity of children. In the process of mastering the native language, the child simultaneously acquires a special national mentality and creates a system of values that coincides with it, such as patriotism, the symbolic meaning of animal archetypes, attitude towards the family, etc. Moreover, under the influence of a child's linguistic personality, a certain deviation from the usual national worldview is also manifested in children's discourse.

Cognitive Mechanisms of Communicative Behaviour of Representatives of Various Linguistic Cultures of the East

Communicative behaviour is primarily based on the understanding of the ways a person interacts with other members of society and how much this reflects the cultural component of the communication process. This also includes the structure of discourse, which affects the communicative content of communication. The relevance of studying the specifics of organising discourse by representatives of oriental linguistic cultures is conditioned by the need to understand the deep cognitive mechanisms of their communicative behaviour in the context of the ever-increasing globalisation of the modern world. The novelty of the study is that it analyses some key factors that have a direct impact on the formation of communicative behaviour of carriers of the eastern mentality. The paper presents some deep aspects of the formation of a communicative culture in the traditions of the East, the study of which is of particular interest in the context of the growing need for successful intercultural communication. Communicative behaviour is analysed in the context of the correlation of language and culture, language and national mentality, language and consciousness. The practical significance of the study is determined by the need to form a global communicative space and structure the worldview aspect of intercultural interaction.

Sociocultural Expression of National Identity of the Karakalpak People

This article briefly presents the history of the Karakalpak people, provides some historical data on the origin of the Karakalpak people, their socio-cultural characteristics, human aspects and national mentality. From a sociological point of view, the daily and cultural life of the Karakalpak people was analyzed, which is reflected in the social space, its tendency towards national identity, the social nature of the Karakalpaks as the historical and socio-cultural identity of an ethnic group in interactions and relationships. The authors consider the cultural life of the Karakalpaks, which expresses the national identity of the Karakalpak people. The article also emphasizes the need for a theoretical understanding of the features of social reality due to the fact that with the development of modern society, new phenomena arise that affect the national mentality of the people, the development of civil society in the Republic of Karakalpakstan. In connection with these phenomena, there is a growing need to support multi-ethnic relations and citizenship. The authors note that the acceleration of the development of the information society, the factors of migration in the Republic of Karakalpakstan also require an in-depth analysis of the current state of development of civil society, multi-ethnic relations and the need to support citizenship. Indeed, as globalization intensifies, so does the need to preserve local identity.

Between triple borders: border security across Latin America’s Southern Cone

ABSTRACT Border management in Brazil cuts across state projects, land disputes and traffics repression, in a complex Latin American context. Analyses of the 1,765 km stretch between two triple borders in the Southern Cone show a dissimilar security architecture in Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay, reflecting national perspectives and problems. Despite existing cooperation and coordination agreements, border control is managed without a coherent and shared framework. National mindsets impose barriers to regional interoperability. Also, distinct population and network densities account for multiple border conditions. Since concrete institutional contacts are insufficient, the regional structure is heavily reliant on personal and temporary relations.

Transformation of the Image Status of the Penal System in the Context of the Cyclical Political Genesis of Russia

Introduction: being a structural and functional element of the state mechanism (a kind of “state within the state”), the prison system is transforming along with it. Accordingly, the image status of the prison itself and representatives of “prison authorities” and “prison population” is also changing. We bring to the fore the problem of understanding the term “system” in the context of the image status of the social system in general and the penal system in particular. We highlight the formation of semantic images and image statuses on the example of three social institutions (school, army, prison), which are similar in terms of parametric characteristics and functioning and qualitatively different in image status. The article comprehensively examines the bipolar image of the penal system: on the one hand, prison is inextricably linked with human misfortune, an evil that cannot be treated positively; on the other hand, as an instrument of state law enforcement policy, the prison guarantees the inevitability of punishment for a crime, ensuring the execution of punishment, protecting law-abiding citizens, which is a good thing for society and the state. Research materials and methods: the features of formation and functioning of the image status of the Russian penal (“prison”) system are considered in the context of the concept of cyclic political genesis. In accordance with this concept, in relation to the history of the unified Russian state, three cycles should be distinguished (imperial, Soviet, post-Soviet). Within the framework of each, Russia was represented by qualitatively different forms of state government, economic order, social structure, etc. At the same time, in such “different” Russian states, there were different models of prison systems, the formation and functioning of which, as well as the transformation of the image status, was carried out under the influence of state prison policy and under the influence of public consciousness (national mentality). Results: the current state of the Russian penal system can be described as transitional. Along with the legacy of the “Soviet past”, we observe serious changes proceeding from democratization and humanization of the political and legal system of the Russian Federation. Transformation of the image of the penal system is aimed at increasing the level of openness and forming a positive opinion about the functioning of the penitentiary system (the Concept for development until 2030). It is important that in the public consciousness the image of the penal system as a predominantly punitive prison system gradually be replaced by the idea of it as a penitentiary system, which is concerned primarily with “revival of the essence of humanity” in a person through awareness and repentance. As for the image status of employees of the penal system, the state can optimize it first of all by equalizing their official status with that of military personnel and special services employees, who, like representatives of the prison system, serve the Russian state, but are in a privileged position in relation to them. Increasing the prestige of the service in the penal system in the eyes of actual or potential employees implies the rejection of such differentiation.

The Concept of "Community / World" in the Linguistic and Cultural Aspect

The word World refers to the key concepts that embody the peculiarities of the national mentality in a concentrated form, which determines the importance of the concept world in the study of the Russian language in the national audience

THE WAYS OF ENTRY AND FUNCTIONING OF LEXICAL LOANWORDS FOR NAMES OF FOODS AND DRINKS IN THE POEM "ENEYIDA" BY I. KOTLYAREVSKY

The article examines the functioning of lexical loanwords related foods and drinks in the burlesque-travesty poem "Eneyida" by I. Kotlyarevsky, presents etymological analysis of loanwords, studies ways of entry of lexical loanwords, identifies the most used lexemes in order to describe a general picture of enrichment of the lexical stock of the Ukrainian language with words of foreign origin . The purpose is to analyse loanwords related foods and drinks, identifying the most popular loanwords in the «Eneyida» and how they are used in the context of the work. For realization of the purpose , the following tasks were solved: research words of foreign origin from Polish, Latin, Greek, determine ways of entering loanwords related foods and drinks, carry out an etymological analysis of words, note the most popular lexemes in the context of the work. The object of research is lexical loanwords related foods and drinks in the burlesquetravesty poem "Eneyida" by I. Kotlyarevsky and the subject – words of foreign origin from Polish, Latin, Greek. The source base was 15 lexical loanwords related foods and drinks (horilka, syvukha, braha, med, syrivets, kalhanivka, lemishka, lokshyna, oliia, slyvianka, kaviar, chai, chykyldykha, dulivka, sykyzka ) in 65 word usage. The food reflects the national character, the inner culture of the people. The concept "food" is a very important part of the national mentality, thereby the issue of learning the vocabulary related foods and drinks is still relevant. The study found that among the lexemes in the poem "Eneyida" by I. Kotlyarevsky 40% borrowings from Greek and Latin, this is due to the international contacts Ukrainians have with these peoples: trade, travel, art , 20% from Polisch, 20% Lithuanian, 15% Turkish, 5% Chinese. In the poem "Eneyida" fixied 9 direct and 6 indirect borrowing. Among the most popular lexemes are horilka, syvukha, braha. A promising development is the research is lexical loanwords related foods and drinks Ukrainian literature XVIII-XXI century.

COMPREHENSION OF PHILOSOPHICAL AND IDEOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE KAZAKH EPIC IN THE CONDITIONS OF SPIRITUAL MODERNIZATION OF SOCIETY

This article reveals the main elements of the epic world, which are the roots of Kazakh spirituality. Certain elements of modern Kazakh culture are also manifested. The ontological side of the topic is the spiritual and cultural philosophical values that make up the ideological basis of Kazakh folklore: freedom, honesty, conscientiousness, justice and resistance to promises. The purpose of our research is the social argumentation of the Kazakh epic, based on the national code and mentality at the present stage of modernization of the Kazakh society. The article states that the epic poems of the Kazakhs are archetypes of the mentality of values of modern Kazakhs. It is supposed to revive the philosophical and poetic creativity of the Kazakh people as mental qualities absorbed by future generations.

Развитие современного монгольского искусства: на примере современной монгольской живописи конца ХХ – начала ХХI вв.

Modern art in Mongolia has been developing since the last century. The art appeared as a result of artists’ ideas, expression of national mentality and other factors. As some researches said: “Mite of the abstract paintings were established in Hun states, because when this times, all of the people to the paint-ed effect of their mind on the rock of cave” on their tractate book. That says that the abstract paintings was established at that time, but according to other sources it was developed in 1960. For example, in 1968 Mongolian young painters orga-nized an exhibition named: the first exhibition of young painters. Then, in 1980 modern and contemporary arts started developing. The purpose of the study is to analyze the development and classification of modern art in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries, which are kept in art galleries. The study was con-ducted in the following steps: to study modern Mongolian art and to identify cur-rent trends in its evolution. The study classified 2,333 paintings. Consequently the next conclusions were drawn: abstractionism, post-impressionism, and im-pressionism were more developed in modern paintings created in 1990–2000. Modern paintings created in 2000–2009, on the other hand, were more developed in abstraction, fauvism, surrealism, and symbolism. This shows that modern Mongolian artists prefer abstract and symbolic paintings. Before 1990, there was a lot of realism, but since 1990, modernism has developed a lot and has become a major trend.