National Industrial Complex Research Articles

Source Assessment of PM-2.5 in Yeongam and Hampyeong

The Daebul National Industrial Complex in Yeongam emits less VOC, SOX, and NOx precursors of PM2.5 than Gwangyang Bay. However, Yeongam had the highest PM-2.5 concentrations, at 21 µg/m3, in Jeollanam-do as of 2021. Therefore, evaluating source contributions is necessary. In this study, component analysis was performed for Hampyeong and Yeongam. Based on the results, pollution sources were analyzed using the PMF, CPF, and CWT models. The average PM-2.5 concentration was found to be similar in both regions. In addition, the modeling results revealed that PM-2.5 concentrations in both regions were largely influenced by factors originating from foreign countries. Specifically, the concentrations were presumably largely due to foreign sources, and in the case of Yeongam, secondary nitrates generated domestically also had an influence. Yeongam is a domestic source and was found to be mainly influenced by industrial activities; therefore, it is necessary to manage its emission sources. Because Hampyeong is largely influenced by biological combustion and traffic emissions, managing crop burning and traffic in this town is crucial.

Distribution of volatile organic compounds by distance from industrial complexes and potential health impact on the residents

ABSTRACT Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are the air pollutants emitted from the petrochemical industry known to pose adverse health effects on workers. The database based on the third phase of The Environmental Health Study in the Korean National Industrial Complexes (EHSNIC) in Ulsan conducted from 2018 to 2021 was used. Subjects were divided into the exposed and control group according to the estimated pollution level and distances from the industrial complexes. Ambient benzene, ethylbenzene, and xylene were significantly higher in the exposed group compared to the controls, as well as their metabolites. Risk of chronic disease and atopic dermatitis was higher in the exposed group which was supported by higher serum inflammatory markers and high hazard index of the exposed region. These results can draw attention to people engaged with environmental plans and used as primary data when making policies to reduce pollutant levels around industrial complexes.

Distribution of Hazardous Air Pollutants in Yeosu National Industrial Complex during the Turnaround Process

Distribution of Hazardous Air Pollutants in Yeosu National Industrial Complex during the Turnaround Process

A Comparison of Health Risks from PM2.5 and Heavy Metal Exposure in Industrial Complexes in Dangjin and Yeosu·Gwangyang.

Particulate matter (PM) can cause illness, including respiratory diseases, and PM2.5 compositions are likely to vary according to the emission profiles of industrial complexes. This study analyzed and compared the concentrations and distributions of PM2.5 and heavy metals in two regions of Republic of Korea: Yeosu·Gwangyang, which houses a massive national industrial complex, and Dangjin, which houses power plants. Further, we conducted a health risk assessment on the residents of the areas near these industrial complexes. Measurements were taken at five different points in each setting over a two-year period from August 2020 to August 2022. We found differences in PM2.5 concentrations and heavy metal composition ratios across the sites. Specifically, PM2.5 concentrations exceeded the standard of 1 at all measurement sites, while the specific heavy metals exceeding the standard varied across the sites. Ultimately, we observed regional differences in PM2.5 composition across measurement sites across and within the two regions and variations in health risks and according health effects due to the absence of PM2.5 toxicity values, and compared the health risks of two industrial complexes with different characteristics. These findings underscore the importance of considering not only PM2.5 but also its composition in exposure and health risk assessments.

Cost-effectiveness study of therapeutic approaches for mucosal leishmaniasis.

This study aimed to estimate the cost-effectiveness of four therapeutic approaches available for mucosal leishmaniasis in Brazil: miltefosine, meglumine antimoniate, combined with and without pentoxifylline, and liposomal amphotericin B. The perspective adopted was that of the Brazilian Unified National Health System (SUS). The outcome of interest was "cured patient", which was analyzed using a decision tree model. Estimates of direct costs and effectiveness were obtained from the scientific literature. Meglumine antimoniate alone was the base comparator strategy; liposomal amphotericin B showed an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of USD 7,409.13 per cured patient, and the combination of meglumine antimoniate with pentoxifylline presented an ICER of USD 85.13. Miltefosine was absolutely dominated, with higher cost and similar effectiveness when compared to meglumine antimoniate. Sensitivity analyses, varying the cost by ±25%, did not change the results. However, when the cost of miltefosine was estimated at less than USD 171.23, this strategy was dominant over meglumine antimoniate alone. The results confirm that treatment with liposomal amphotericin B remains the option with the highest ICER among the approaches analyzed. Miltefosine may be cost-effective based on the variation in the acquisition price, which deserves attention because it is the only available oral option. The non-accounting of other aspects prevent the use of these results immediately to support decision-making, but they point out the need to negotiate the prices of drugs available for mucosal leishmaniasis and indicates the need of encouraging technology transfer or other actions aimed at expanding the performance of the Brazilian national industrial complex.

기업체 인식조사를 통한 국가산업단지 융·복합 공간조성 연구

National industrial complexes are playing a pivotal role in the national economy, contributing tremendously to the creation of industrial jobs in Korea. However, the changing industrial environment and the resulting industrial policies are not supported, and the production, export, and utilization rates of industrial complexes are falling due to the downturn in the main industry and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The development of the ICT industry has changed the industrial paradigm and it is time to change the existing traditional manufacturing method. Since the 4th Industrial Revolution, the pace of industrial change has progressed more rapidly, and Korean industrial complexes have to solve urgent and wide-ranging tasks to overcome stagnation and crisis. It is not possible to maintain competitiveness with a single facility in the manufacturing industry, and it is necessary to pursue the creation of a space that combines complex economic spaces such as production, R&D, service, education and training, and life and leisure spaces for workers.
 Therefore, this study aims to analyze the basic status of the national industrial complex and examine the possibilities and necessary factors of the convergence and complex space through a survey on the perception of businesses and workers in the industrial complex. The main purpose of the study is to derive implications for each business and worker based on the review, suggest future-oriented industrial development directions for the national industrial complex, and suggest plans for the creation of future convergence and complex spaces.

Comparing the Performance of Machine Learning and Deep Learning Algorithms in Wastewater Treatment Process

This study assessed the performance of single and modified algorithms based on machine learning and deep learning for wastewater treatment process. More specifically, this study adopted support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), and artificial neural network (ANN) for machine learning as well as long short-term memory (LSTM) for deep learning. The performance of these (single) algorithms were compared with that of modified ones processed through hyperparameter tuning, ensemble learning (only for machine learning), and multi-layer stacking (i.e., two layers of LSTM units). The daily effluent of wastewater treatment process observed between 2017 and 2022 in the Cheong-Ju National Industrial Complex was used as input to all tested algorithms, which was evaluated with respect to mean squared error. For the model performance evaluation, discharge and biochemical oxygen demand are selected as dependent variables out of nine measured parameters. Results showed that the performance of any machine learning algorithms was superior to their competitor LSTM. This is mainly attributed to a small amount of input data provided to the LSTM algorithm and unstable effluent wastewater characteristics. Meanwhile, hyperparameter tuning improved the performance of all tested algorithms. However, ensemble learning for machine learning and two-layer stacking for LSTM generally resulted in performance degradation as compared to that of single algorithms, regardless of dependent variables. Therefore, this calls for a careful design and evaluation of modified algorithms, specifically for model architecture and performance improvement processes.

창원시 지방소멸에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

This study aims to identify the factors that reduce the risk of rural depopulation in Changwon through the factors that affect the rural depopulation risk index in Changwon. The data used for the analysis of the study is a cross-sectional data for the distinguished areas of Changwon City in terms of geography, and a time series of 128 monthly data from January 2012 to August 2022. To conduct the empirical analysis, a balanced panel data combining cross-sectional and time series data was used to examine the factors affecting rural depopulation and population decline in Changwon City. The current rural depopulation risk index of Changwon City allowed us to identify the rural depopulation status of different districts of Changwon City, and it is expected to be used to provide direction for the establishment of real estate policies and future plans for each district. In the case of Changwon City, it was possible to identify that the population was rapidly declining as of 2016, and the population decline was caused by the decline of manufacturing, heavy industry, and shipbuilding, which are the core industries of Changwon City. Therefore, it is necessary for local governments to establish policies to attract the population of young people, the productive population, through deregulation and policy support centered on the Changwon National Industrial Complex, which is currently stagnating. It is judged that appropriate real estate development is necessary to attract consumers through the increase of apartment sales prices, and that supportive policies and deregulation policies for development can have a positive impact on the increase of the local extinction risk index in Changwon City. Based on these results, it is necessary for Changwon City to prepare policies in advance to ease the burden of renters due to population influx as a way to prevent population outflow to other areas, and to cope with sustainable population influx through housing stability support policies and relaxation of development regulations for housing supply.

Seasonal and Emission Characteristics of PAHs in the Ambient Air of Industrial Complexes

Particulate and gaseous polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) samples (n = 108) were measured every six days from January to December 2022 at a representative point in the Korean Banwol National Industrial Complex. The measurement results revealed that the concentration of particulate Σ18 PAHs was 7.92 ± 4.04 ng/Sm3 in winter, 1.83 ± 1.99 ng/Sm3 in spring, 1.43 ± 0.95 ng/Sm3 in summer, and 2.58 ± 2.14 ng/Sm3 in autumn. The concentration of gaseous Σ18 PAHs was 3.32 ± 3.72 ng/Sm3 in winter, 6.34 ± 5.95 ng/Sm3 in spring, 8.33 ± 8.13 ng/Sm3 in summer, and 3.88 ± 1.71 ng/Sm3 in autumn. The results of the correlation analysis showed that particulate PAHs have positive relationships with PM10 and PM2.5 and negative relationships with temperature and O3. The diagnostic ratio and PAHs component slope showed that the emission source characteristics of the Banwol National Industrial Complex were dominated by biomass coal combustion over four seasons; however, the influence of petroleum combustion (automobile emissions) was not negligible. As for coal combustion, bituminous coal was the most influential, and lignite was relevant in summer and autumn.

노후 산업단지 유형화와 유형별 특성 분석

The government has implemented a variety of regeneration projects for old industrial complexes and declined regions. Due to the promotion of policies and projects focused on each target place, however, there is a lack of policy linkages among them. This study intends to categorize old industrial complexes nationwide and analyze the characteristics of each type while considering industrial complexes and surrounding regions. Ten indicators are selected to implement the principal component analysis using data from the national industrial complex status, industrial location information system, and statistical geographic information system. Based on the factor score produced by the principal component analysis, the cluster analysis indicates that there are four types of old industrial complexes: large sustaining and developing complex type, small growing complex type, old declining complex type and region-linked complex type. The old declining industrial complex continues to decline due to weak economy of both the complexes and surrounding areas, and the residential environment. Industrial restructuring and industrial complex regeneration projects are needed to strengthen the competitiveness of the complexes. Regeneration strategies for each type of industrial complex is required in consideration of the physical and economic characteristics of both the complexes and the surrounding areas.

Strategic priorities of support of import substitution in industry

Introduction of sanctions restrictions by western countries stressed the need for developing the national industrial complex and creating the country’s own technological solutions. Over the past few years within the framework of the interaction of the state, industry and science various technological solutions have been created to be successfully implemented in production (an aircraft engine, a gas turbine power plant, mobile offshore seismic exploration complexes, a deep-sea drilling rig, a dispersant for oil spill response, pressure sensors for the Prirazlomnaya platform, etc.). The results achieved demonstrate the ability of the Russian industrial complex to create effective and safe equipment. However, in spite of the technologies created, the Russian economics has not achieved the target state of import independence. The analysis of the structure of the product import shows the dependence of the Russian economics on the import of foreign cars and equipment, chemical products and food raw materials. To achieve import independence it is essential to continue system work aimed at providing government support of domestic companies. The authors formulate the government support measures aimed at achieving technological independence: reduction of the key rate of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, development of transport infrastructure, creation of industrial clusters and subsidizing the costs on the implementation of digital tools. Realization of the measures suggested together with the existing tools will make it possible to ensure harmonic development of the national industry and gain the national technological sovereignty.

WAYS TO OVERCOME ORGANIZATIONAL AND ECONOMIC PROBLEMS OF ROBOTIZATION OF BELARUSIAN INDUSTRY

The article is devoted to identifying organizational and economic problems that arise in the way of robotization of the industry of the Republic of Belarus, as well as developing ways to overcome these problems in the context of modern challenges and threats. The relevance of the study of this issue, due to the need for advanced modernization of the national industrial complex, accompanied by the introduction of robots and robotic systems, is substantiated. The specifics of the robotization of the Belarusian industry and some of the risks arising in this process are shown.

신 경제안보시대 한국산업단지공단 내 보안전담조직 설치 필요성 연구

The purpose of this study was to study the necessity of establishing a security organization in the Korea Industrial Complex Corporation in the new economic security era. As a research method for this, a systematic review method was applied. The research results also require measures for technology security at the Korea Industrial Complex Corporation. The organization of the Korea Industrial Complex Corporation needs to establish its own “security control center” for technological security in the era of “new economic security” such as periodic security education, cybersecurity control, periodic prevention activities, infringement and response, and provision of legal services. In conclusion, in order to establish a security control center in the National Industrial Complex Corporation, which is supported by the state-of-the-art companies amid the importance of new economic security and the silent war between countries, research services and development directions are needed.

Fine Particulate Matter Concentration and Early Deaths Related to Thermal Power Plants and National Industrial Complexes in South Korea

Thermal power plants (TPPs) and national industrial complexes (NICs) are widely known as being among the major causes of changes in the concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5). However, little is known about the changes in PM2.5 concentration caused by the operation of these facilities in South Korea and the health burden attributable to them, including early death. There were two purposes to this study. The first was to quantitatively evaluate the changes in PM2.5 concentration caused by TPPs and NICs in Korea. The second was to estimate the number of early deaths as a health burden attributable to such changes in PM2.5 concentration. The changes in PM2.5 concentration caused by the operation of TPPs and NICs were investigated within TPPs in 2013 and within NICs in 2015. The number of early deaths in 2015 caused by changes in PM2.5 concentration was estimated using the Environmental Benefits Mapping and Analysis Program (BenMAP). Nationwide, the annual average concentration of PM2.5 caused by the operation of TPPs and NICs was estimated to increase by 0.611 μg/m3 and 1.245 μg/m3, respectively, suggesting that NICs contributed about twice as much to this concentration as TPPs. The same trend was also observed regarding the number of early deaths, with TPPs and NICs accounting for 1017 and 2091 early deaths per year, respectively, indicating that the operation of NICs causes a health burden about twice as high as that caused by TPPs. However, the changes in PM2.5 concentration were found to be high near TPPs and NICs, while the health burden caused by exposure to PM2.5 varied according to the level of population distribution and mortality in each air (quality) control zone (ACZ) to which one is exposed. The findings of this study are expected to be utilized as reference data when setting goals to strengthen air quality management (AQM) in each ACZ in Korea.

A study on the Characteristics of HAPs in Residential areas affected by Industrial Complex using SIFT-MS

Objectives:The purpose of this study is to provide basic data so that the emission sources of industrial complexes can be effectively managed through a characteristic study of hazardous air pollutants in residential areas adjacent to the national industrial complex in Ulsan.Methods:In Yaeum-dong, a residential area near the industrial complex, SIFT-MS, which enables real-time continuous measurement, was used to identify the characteristics of VOCs and odorous substances.Results and Discussion:When looking at the concentrations by chemical substance group, aliphatic hydrocarbons accounted for a significant portion, showing different characteristics from other large cities. This indicates that the Yaeum-dong area is directly affected by the emission source of the nearby petrochemical complex. As an individual substance, ammonia showed the highest concentration among HAPs. Seasonal HAPs concentrations generally tended to be high in summer and low in winter. When examining concentrations by time of day, it showed characteristics of industrial areas affected by VOCs scattered and volatilized in national industrial complexes. In addition, it was confirmed that the characteristics of urban areas appearing in general metropolitan traffic congestion zones appeared at the same time. Compared with the results of other previous studies, in general, there was no significant difference in concentrations from the results of measurements in residential areas near petrochemical complexes. And it showed a much lower concentrations than the measured value in industrial complex. As a result of CPF analysis for estimating the source of pollutants, most HAPs showed high concentrations in the south wind direction, indicating that the measurement point was affected by the industrial complex.Conclusion:As a result of the study on the characteristics of HAPs in residential areas near the industrial complex, it can be estimated that both characteristics appear in industrial and urban areas.

Monitoring Chemical Accidents in Industrial Complexes Using Tower-Installed Infrared System for Remote Chemical Detection and Long-Range Video Surveillance System

Chemical industrial complexes are extensive, complex structures with large-scale chemical facilities where large quantities of various chemical substances are handled. Detection equipment must be installed in high locations to monitor these industrial complexes and detect chemical accidents from a distance. In previous studies, individual monitoring equipment was temporarily installed on the ground, on a rooftop, or on a vehicle to detect chemical accidents from a distance. In this study, however, the industrial complex chemical accident monitoring system was developed by combining different technologies and was installed on a tower. For the Yeosu National Industrial Complex (which functioned as a test bed), 70m-high steel towers were built. Additionally, an infrared system for remote chemical detection (SIGIS-2, Bruker) and a long-range video surveillance system (TORUSS-LR2000, Globalsystems) were installed at the top of steel towers to monitor the entire industrial complex. The target substances to be monitored in real time by the infrared system for remote chemical detection were selected, and the monitoring sections were classified to enable each piece of equipment to distinguish the scanned areas. To improve the accuracy of the detection results, the information about the actual handled substances and respective facilities of the sites in the industrial complex was inserted into the database of the system and then connected to the sections. During the three-month test operation, various chemical substances (including 1,3-butadiene, methanol, methylamine, ethyl acetate, ammonia, and vinyl chloride) were detected at each section in 20,034 cases, and the detection results were consistent with the inserted actual information. The accumulated detection data shows that the detection frequency of a specific chemical substance was high in each section. This can be used as a basis for modifying the threshold of the anomaly detection model, thereby improving the accuracy of the system. Therefore, this system can detect and evaluate the leakage of chemical substances and the occurrence of fires or smoke through large-scale scans 24 h per day. Furthermore, it can be used for the early detection of and effective responses to chemical accidents in industrial complexes.

ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ ПО РАСШИРЕНИЮ АССОРТИМЕНТА ВЫПУСКАЕМОЙ ПРОДУКЦИИ НА ТЕРРИТОРИИ РОСТОВСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ В СООТВЕТСТВИИ С РЕГИОНАЛЬНЫМ ПЛАНОМ ПО ИМПОРТОЗАМЕЩЕНИЮ

In the modern conditions of the development of economic relations and the instability of the geopolitical situation, the use of an approach related to the organization of import substitution will allow the Russian economy to stand stable and provide itself with the necessary goods, works and services. The importance of the implementation of import substitution consists in the formation of this favorable environment for the development of the national industrial complex, with the help of which it is possible to ensure its systematic growth and development.

Effects of low-level environmental mercury on thyroid cancer risk and red blood cell indices among residents living near national industrial complexes in South Korea: A population-based cohort study

Effects of low-level environmental mercury on thyroid cancer risk and red blood cell indices among residents living near national industrial complexes in South Korea: A population-based cohort study

Low-Level Environmental Mercury Exposure and Thyroid Cancer Risk Among Residents Living Near National Industrial Complexes in South Korea: A Population-Based Cohort Study.

Background: Previous studies suggested that mercury may be linked to thyroid cancer due to its bioaccumulation in the thyroid gland, but no studies have evaluated the association between mercury exposure and thyroid cancer risk. We examined the relationship between mercury exposure and thyroid cancer risk, with the potential modification of hematological parameters. Methods: We performed a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study among residents living near industrial complexes in South Korea (recruited from 2003 to 2011). Incident thyroid cancer cases (C73, ICD-10 code) were identified from the National Cancer Registry and Statistics Korea. Urinary mercury concentrations were measured using thermal decomposition amalgamation atomic absorption spectrometry (TDA-AAS). Cox proportional hazards regression models (adjusted for age, sex, educational level, smoking status, and employment) were used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) and confidence interval [CI] between mercury exposure and the incidence of thyroid cancer. Results: We documented 69 cases of thyroid cancer in a total of 5213 participants during follow-up (median 8.7 years). The geometric mean of urinary mercury concentration was 1.8 μg/L for thyroid cancer cases and 1.2 μg/L for noncases (p for difference = 0.001). After adjusting for potential confounders, those in the highest tertile of urinary mercury levels had a twofold higher risk of thyroid cancer (HR = 1.97 [CI 1.03 - 3.80] in the highest tertile vs. the lowest tertile, p for trend = 0.043). This association was stronger for those with lower mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin status. Conclusions: Urinary mercury concentration was positively associated with the risk of thyroid cancer among residents living near national industrial complexes, and this association was influenced by red blood cell indices status. These results provide some evidence suggesting the adverse effects of environmental metal pollution in the development of thyroid cancer.

Digitalization and ITS relationship with innovative development of the economy

The study is based on a systematic approach to the conditions for the formation and evaluation of the innovative development of the economy. A methodological approach to the innovative development of the economy was developed based on the construction of forecast models that reflect the share of shipped innovative products (foodstuffs), the export of agricultural products and food products, which contribute to the maximum profit of innovatively active organizations and the gross domestic product (GDP) of the agro-food sector. The modern mechanism for increasing the competitiveness of industrial enterprises in the European market is based on an innovative digital model of economic development, the activation of innovative and investment activities, the constant adaptation of enterprises to the conditions of the internal and external environment, taking into account risks and new conditions of digital transformation. It allows you to conduct a comprehensive trend analysis using the selected estimated indicators and taking into account various factors, which allows you to identify reserves for activating the innovative development of the national industrial complex in the context of the formation of the digital economy, in conjunction with the expansion of the use of information and communication services, to justify the areas for the development of innovative activities under conditions of digital transformation of production. The distinction lies in the development of the theoretical and methodological basis of the relationship between the digital transformation of the economy and the innovative development of industry, including the agri-food sector, and in the development of predictive trends.