National Idea Research Articles

RISKS AND THREATS ARISING IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTERACTION BETWEEN UNIVERSITIES AND INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES BASED ON THE TRIPLE HELIX MODEL IN THE CONTEXT OF MODERN TECHNOLOGICAL

The article identifies and analyzes the risks and threats that arise during the development of interaction between universities and industrial enterprises based on the triple helix model in the context of modern technological modernization. The authors name as the main risks and threats arising in this case: the lack of clear goal-setting at the state level, translated into a triple helix; insufficiently high degree of adaptability of the links of the triple helix to the realities of the risk economy; possible weakening of national ideology; lack of a national idea; the threat of a decrease in the quality of human capital. The authors come to the conclusion that the development of interaction between universities and industrial enterprises based on the triple helix model in the context of modern technological modernization in the Republic of Belarus takes place in conditions of increasing influence of global political and economic instability, in connection with which the most important condition for countering new challenges and threats is to increase the adaptability of the existing economic model to external and internal challenges and threats.

Ideological impact on social behavior: theoretical and methodological aspects <i>(Ending)</i>

This article examines an ambivalent ideology – nationalism, which, on the one hand, causes nationalist sentiments in society, provokes ethnic or racial intolerance, and on the other hand, promotes national unity and solidarity.The author examines three theoretical and methodological problems related to the consideration of nationalism as a full-fledged ideology, and also highlights the core ideas of this ideology, the most important of which are the nation, organic community, self-determination and identity politics.In Russian literature, depending on the interpretation of the concept of nation, two main forms of nationalism are distinguished: state and ethnic, and when the so-called “politicization of ethnicity” takes place – the process of significantly increasing the importance of the ethnic factor in politics, nationalism acquires a pronounced political character.Foreign researchers distinguish liberal, conservative, colonial, expansionist types of nationalism and emphasize that it is the latter that “can turn into an irrational and reactionary symbol serving political leaders to justify armed expansion and wars in the name of the nation”. Expansionist nationalism is correlated, and sometimes even identified with such ideologized constructions as racism and Nazism. In this regard, the article draws a distinction between the ideology of nationalism and racism, shows their points of contact, and also examines the legitimacy of attributing racism to a number of ideologies.The author also analyzes the problems associated with the historical culmination of the expansionist form of nationalism, which researchers unanimously consider National Socialism, which became widespread in Hitler’s Germany and represented a fusion of an extremely simplified form of the ideology of nationalism – Nazism, characterized by pronounced racial intolerance with separate, uniquely interpreted elements of socialist ideology.Through a detailed analysis, the author substantiates the conclusion that in its extremely reactionary, primitive, but radical form, being a breeding ground for racism and Nazism, nationalism certainly had a pernicious effect on society – it led to the destruction of social solidarity, the initiation and proliferation of social, political and, very often, military conflicts. This is convincingly proved by the modern geopolitical realities that have developed as a result of the massive and well-organized propaganda of ultranationalist sentiments in the post-Soviet space, the central arena for which was Ukraine, the birthplace of Ukrainian right-wing nationalism and the seat of modern neo-nationalism.At the same time, nationalism is also quite a progressive and liberating social force if it embodies the spirit of national unity or national independence. Currently, this circumstance is very relevant for the process of recreating Historical Russia – a unique ethnic, geopolitical, cultural, moral and political integrity, which was formed over the centuries as a result of the long residence of peoples and nationalities in the vast Eurasian space. Its cementing principle is a strong statehood, the consolidating thesis about the strengthening of which was permanently not only one of the cornerstones of the political conjuncture of politics, but also a new, reviving national idea, the contours of which are analyzed in the article on extensive historical and scientific material.

How the Ideas of Nationalism and Neo-Fascism are Taking Hold of the Masses

The paper presents an analysis of the genesis of German Fascism and Nazism. The ways and factors (socio-economic, the role of education, the position of the Church) that contributed to the wild spread of the extremist ideology of Nazism and racism among the masses of the German people are examined. Having formed a hatred of Russians, Soviet “subhumans” and fanatical devotion, the German people provided the ideological basis for the genocide of the Soviet people during the Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945. The continuity of the ideas of extreme Russophobia and genocide against Russians between the Third Reich and the criminal Kiev regime, between the German Nazism and the Ukrainian Nazism of the XXI century has been revealed. The article shows the similarities in the methods of zombifying people with the ideas of Nazism in Germany in the first half of the 20th century and in Ukraine in the late 20th — early decades of the 21st century. It is noted that the national (state) historical discourse plays a very important role in protecting the consciousness of the people from the impact of destructive ideologies.

Nationality Education Based on Literary Works Case Studies of 19th-Century Indonesian Modern Literature

The learning of Indonesian nationality has been focused on understanding the formality of values in ideology, state forms, or forms of government without looking at the lower-layer network consisting of individuals who interact with each other, build events, and form stories, through language. This review is based on Ben Anderson's conception of the nation as an imagined community. Through the object of study of modern Indonesian literature of the 19th century, the nationality that was discovered was not to reinforce the stigma that already existed but instead wanted to prove that the idea of nationality was so fluid, dynamic, and always open to being reinterpreted. The objects of study were Sair Kadatangan Sri Maharaja Siam in Betawi (1870), Sair Jalan Kreta Api (1890) by Tan Teng Kie, Sair from Hal Datangja Poetra Makoeta Keradjaan Roes in Betawi (1891), Sair Kembang (1898), and Njai Dasima (1900). The study uses the semiotic method to offer a single national learning model through literary works. Because, more than just expressing the idea that "language forms a nation" on the one hand, on the other hand, modern Indonesian literature of the 19th century is a medium between fossils of the past and the purpose of the present. Each of those sides leads to the conclusion that nationality is not an inanimate object, a meaningless inscription, but the opposite; something that is evolving, pliable, and always makes room for new interpretations.

Narrating History, Home and Dyaspora: Critical Essays on Edwidge Danticat

Narrating History, Home and Dyaspora, edited by Maia L. Butler, Joanna Davis-McElligatt, and Megan Feifer—the founders and members of the Edwidge Danticat Society—is a thought-provoking collection of cutting-edge research articles on Danticat’s works by both emerging and established scholars. Alongside recent publications, Approaches to Teaching the Works of Edwidge Danticat (2020) and The Bloomsbury Handbook to Edwidge Danticat (2021), it ushers in a new stage of scholarship on Danticat. Danticat, with her bicultural background and transnational vision, has created many works set in both Haiti and America, which—as the various authors in this collection demonstrate—have earnt her reputation as the “voice of Caribbean dyaspora.” The first three parts of this collection, with “dyaspora” always as the underlying context, address the title’s keywords, namely: home and nation, memory and history, and storytelling and narration. The first part investigates Danticat’s engagement with the idea of nation, and her navigation between Haiti and the USA as a diasporic writer, discussing the strategies she adopts to transcend both physical and psychological boundaries. Part two delves into the prominent themes of “history” and “memory,” as well as the underlying trauma and trauma-healing in Danticat’s works. Part three focuses on “narrating,” that is, narrative form and narrative structure, investigating the role of the “active and responsible reader” in imparting meaning to the text (142); it also examines the essay as a space for Danticat’s self-reflection, the paratextual elements at work in her infusion of personal experience into her literary creation, as well as Danticat’s “intertextual Global South thinking” in influencing the teaching of literary works from the Global South. The final section, part four, explores Danticat’s advocacy of activism and community building as a form of resistance, with the goal of defending citizenship rights, mitigating the effects of colonialism, giving voice to the silenced, and emphasizing the resilience of the Haitian people.

The Power of Tradition in Russian History

Comprehension of the historical destiny of Russia is always topical. The authors substantiate the view of the continuity and succession of Russian history, focusing the readers’ attention on the fateful figures of Ivan III, Peter I and the Bolsheviks – the Slavophiles’„inside out”. Reflections on the components of the national idea turn to the symbols of Russian history,the imperial St. Petersburg, and Moscow, the citadel of Russian statehood in confronting the world evil. The principle of collectivism is interpreted in the communal spirit, pulling together generations of people into a single whole and rooted in the spiritual heritage of the religious consciousness of the Russian people. The authors show that the centuries-old tradition of uniting in critical periods of Russian history was based on this spiritual legacy. Examples illustrating the Russian historic tradition, according to the authors, are the mobilization economy and the policy of the tsar Ivan III, who laid the foundation of the autocratic Russia, and of the Soviet power that entirely invested in the construction of the new state.

THE THEME OF THE “NON-LOST GENERATION” IN THE COLLECTION OF PAVLO VYSHEBABA “JUST DON’T WRITE ME ABOUT THE WAR”

In 1920-1940 the prose of writers who went through the horrors of the First World War and recreated the spiritual and moral trauma of young men who found themselves on the front lines and learned to kill and survive in war conditions was widely recognized. The concept of the so-called “lost generation” appears, its representatives are united by the theme of spiritual breakdown, which in a few years at the front turned yesterday’s schoolchildren, full of romantic dreams and patriotic ideas, into tough men who desperately try to find their place in new life realities after their return. Unfortunately, the younger generation in Ukraine, which is also forced to go through all the horrors of a brutal war, faced similar problems and existential conditions. However, today we can state that there are significant differences in the worldview and behavior of those young people who were hardened by difficult trials even during the Revolution of Dignity. Young people who manage to survive the Russian-Ukrainian war in the future, just like their generational predecessors, may face new challenges. They will also have to find their place in peaceful life, learn to deal with psychological injuries. However, there is great hope that this generation will be “non-lost” and will overcome all post-war trials with dignity. In the article, the work of the young Ukrainian poet, soldier of the 68th chasseur brigade, eco-activist, the author of the already legendary poem “To my daughter” Pavlo Vyshebaba is considered in the context of the concepts of “lost” and “non-lost” generation. Pavlo Vyshebaba is a vivid representative of a cohort of young people who also faced numerous trials, but one would like to believe that they turned out to be psychologically stronger than their predecessors.

"Elena Bacaloglu and the Manifesto Nazionale Fascista Italo-Romeno: Analysis of Unconsidered Relations in the Interwar Period"

"This contribution aims at rediscovering a truly original figure of intellectual and trait d’union between Romanian and Italian culture sensibility during the interwar period. Elena Bacaloglu, born in Bucharest in 1878, moved to Italy in 1906. Here she began to frequent Benito Mussolini, founder of the Fascist Party and the most popular artistic and literary environment of the time, maturing her political‑literary interest for the Italian fascist movement. The goal is to analyze the idea of patriotism of the most important literary work by Elena Bacaloglu The Italian‑Romanian Fascist National Manifesto: Creation and Government. Written in a perfect Italian, the work is presented as the manifesto around which Romanian people should have tightened up to enhance the common cultural roots with Italy, trying to propose an ideological model extremely similar to the Italian fascist movement."

Looking beyond climate contrarianism: nationalism and the reterritorialization of climate discourse in Spain’s Vox party

Among European populist radical right (PRR) parties, the call for environmental protection has historically been embedded in ethnic nationalist ideas of the interrelation of land, nation, and culture. Despite a large body of literature on PRR environmentalism, however, the PRR’s climate politics remain understudied. This qualitative study investigates the climate politics of the PRR by analyzing climate discourse from Spain’s Vox party. A discourse analysis of party manifestos, press releases, and public statements from 2017–2022 investigates Vox’s discursive constructions of climate change and its potential solutions. The study finds that, although the party acknowledges climate change, it does so inconsistently, and its proposed climate policies do not fundamentally shift its nativist and populist political imagination. Instead, its discourse portrays multilateral climate action as a threat to the nation and locates climate solutions in the preservation of ruralism, traditional livelihoods, and national identity. The article argues that Vox constructs a nationalist climate discourse that reterritorializes climate change on the national level, asserts national innocence in the face of claims of global climate justice, and frames mainstream climate action as part of a broader globalist imposition that threatens the purity of national culture. The article concludes with reflections on what nationalist climate discourse may mean for attempts to mitigate the climate crisis.

Boundaries of the nation: “the Jew” in the Swedish press, ca. 1810–1840

ABSTRACT This article explores representations of Jews and different ways of how ‘the Jew’ was used and mediated in the Swedish press in relation to the idea of the Swedish nation during the period 1810–1840. Based on Zygmunt Bauman’s concept of ‘the conceptual Jew’, this article explores how ‘the Jew’ was used to define identities in the emerging Swedish nation. Implicitly, discussions about ‘the Jew’ often revolved around the dismantling of the estate society. Although challenged, antisemitic notions were prevailing, and a fear that Jewish emancipation would damage the Swedish economy was frequently expressed. In many ways, discourses articulated in the Swedish press mirrored ideas common across Europe. There was not one mediated ‘Jew’ in the Swedish press but a plurality: foreign, honest, and usurer are explicit in the material. Writers occasionally distinguished between Orthodoxy, which was portrayed as unassimilable, and Reform, which was described as more in line with contemporary Christian society. I conclude that differences within liberalism and ideas of national belonging were to some extent defined and discussed in relation to ‘the Jew’.

Political Elite Discourses and Majority Members’ Beliefs About the Prevalence of Ethnic Discrimination in Europe

AbstractThis article investigates European majority members’ perceptions of the prevalence of ethnic discrimination. We use individual-level data from the Eurobarometer ‘Discrimination in the EU’ series, covering 26 European countries and six years (2006, 2008, 2009, 2012, 2015, and 2019), enriched with contextual information on political elite discourses from the Comparative Manifesto Project. We shed light on significant and substantive cross-country and cross-temporal variations in these perceptions. Next, we explore how these variations are related to national political elite discourses by employing multilevel models. By disentangling between and within country variations, we find that particularly changes in political elite discourses within countries over time are associated with variations in majority members’ beliefs about the prevalence of ethnic discrimination in their society. Exclusive discourses, which emphasize nationalistic ideas and demarcate strong boundaries between ethnic groups, are associated with majority members thinking that ethnic discrimination is less widespread in their country. The reverse holds for inclusive discourses: when political elites underline the importance of cultural diversity and multiculturalism, majorities perceive more ethnic discrimination. While these discourses are only related to within country variations, our descriptive and multilevel results show that the national context matters for majorities’ perceptions of the prevalence of ethnic discrimination.

Women, Poetry and the Voice of a Nation

Anne Varty’s Women, Poetry and the Voice of a Nation is an essential guide for both academics and general readers to four contemporary women poets: Carol Ann Duffy, former Poet Laureate for the UK; Gillian Clarke, former National Poet of Wales; Liz Lochhead, former Scots Makar; and Paula Meehan, former Ireland Chair of Poetry. Rather than constructing a complex theoretical framework, Varty analyzes how such essential elements of poetry as subject matter, thematic concerns, symbols, and language greatly reinvigorate ideas of feminism and nationality. Central to Varty’s argument is that rather than subverting the patriarchal poetic tradition, these four women poets write within the tradition, constantly appropriating what is logocentric and London-centric, fusing the feminine with the masculine, the regional with the national, and the peripheral with the central. Meehan, for example, takes the American male beat poet Gary Snyder as her mentor, using the I Ching, astrology, and The Tibetan Book of the Dead as sources (78). Duffy also acknowledges her indebtedness to male predecessors, as Varty notes: “Robert Browning provides the template for her dramatic monologues, Shakespeare her love sonnets and Larkin her lyric poetry” (128).

BETWEEN HOME AND THE WORLD: (BANAL) NATIONALISM AND REPRESENTATIONS OF A NATION IN SLOVENIAN FOLK-POP MUSIC

This paper examines the concept of banal nationalism as often unconscious, routine processes that nations reproduce on a daily basis. Banal nationalism is recognisable in the use of national symbols but also in language and culture. The purpose of this paper is to determine whether Slovenian folk-pop music is one of these processes, and in which ways and strategies we can detect its reproductive role in banal nationalism that on a daily basis reminds its listeners of their national identities. Methodologically, the article is based on the content and a textual analysis of compositions by three of the most often listened to folk-pop ensembles, demonstrating that the national narrative can be identified in a smaller proportion of all analysed compositions in three sections: the idea of nation as an imaginary community or home(land), national (auto)stereotypes, and patriotic feelings.

THE INFLUENCE OF IDEOLOGICAL PROCESSES ON THE NATIONAL IDEA IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBALIZATION

This article discusses the influence of ideological processes on the national idea in the context of globalization. In the implementation of the priority ideologies of national development, the socio-political situation within the country and abroad is of great importance. Each ideology expresses desires, public opinion, a certain political benefit of a social group, as an embodiment political consciousness and serves as a guarantor, the basis of socio-political sustainable development. Despite this, it is impossible to imagine the development of spirituality and culture of mankind as a smooth process.

The evolution of Belgrade's position on the Kosovo issue after 2008

This article examines the evolution of Belgrade's official position on the Kosovo issue. The author explores such aspects as the importance of Kosovo in the historical consciousness of the Serbian political elite, the stages of the current attitude towards Kosovo on the part of the Serbian leadership, as well as the significance of historical events on the Kosovo for modern Serbia. The object of the study is the Kosovo crisis, the subject is the vision of the presidents and senior officials of Serbia of the fate of Kosovo. Special attention is paid to the historical stage of the formation of national ideas among Serbs and Albanians, in which the battle on the Kosovo field played a key role. Studying the positions of the presidents and senior officials of Serbia on Kosovo allows to track the process of folding the current position, and also allows to see the trajectory of the formation of attitudes towards Kosovo. The main conclusion of the study is the idea that the struggle for Kosovo in Serbia is a central national idea that serves as a unifying principle and builds patriotism around itself. A special contribution of the author is the systematic tracking of the evolution of Belgrade's position on the Kosovo issue. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that the article consistently and constructively describes the approach of various Serbian presidents to the problem based on their speeches, statements and actions in the international arena.

The Rise of Ethnic Nationalism in South Korea: Moon's North Korea Policy and Inter-Korean Relations

What is the origin of South Korea's North Korea policy under the Moon Jae-in presidency? Are there any underlying assumptions and perspectives behind this policy? What kind of ideas and values have played out in South Korea's policy toward North Korea? By both exploring the idea of nationalism in current world politics and showing its influence on South Korea's policy discourse and orientation, in this article we argue that nationalism is still a powerful political ideology that affects state foreign policy and plays out as a strong variable in trying to make sense of South Korea's North Korea policy. To test this argument, we analyze recent inter-Korean interactions and illustrate how ethnic nationalism shaped the Moon administration's North Korea policy. As long as ethnic nationalism dominates policy debates and affects the policy orientation, the prospect of inter-Korean relations will not be promising.

SCIENTIFIC AND PEDAGOGICAL IDEAS OF VASYL SUKHOMLYNSKYI AND UKRAINIZATION: AREAS OF INTERSECTION

The article describes the periodization of the pedagogical activity of V. Sukhomlynskyi, which is based on published and archival sources in the Ukrainian studies dimension and the leading factors in the formation of the personality of a well-known teacher are clarified. Special attention is given (paid) to the scientific-pedagogical concept developed by V. Sukhomlynskyi, which counteracted the efforts of the communist-imperial state apparatus, aimed at the assimilation of the Ukrainian people, at erasing its inherent national features. Pedagogical activity of Vasyl Oleksandrovych was aimed at exalting the Ukrainian nation, forming patriotism; he wanted that every teenager gradually develops a personal attitude towards the Motherland: a desire, a spiritual urge to confirm its dignity, greatness, honour, glory, and power. An analysis of V. Sukhomlynskyi's creative heritage proves that the formation of his pedagogical views began in 1945–1948. Despite the fact that V. Sukhomlynskyi was educated and brought up under the conditions of a totalitarian regime aimed at Russification, he managed to remain a true patriot, a Ukrainian intellectual who cheered for his native people. The pedagogical heritage of V. Sukhomlynskyi must be considered in the context of the historical period when his formation took place as a teacher and scientist. Simultaneously with the spread of Ukrainization of education, the issue of providing teaching staff for newly created Ukrainian schools became acute. In particular, in 1923, the shortage of national teaching staff was catastrophic – with a need for 100,000 teachers, there were actually 45,000, a significant percentage of whom had a low level of pedagogical and general education. It should be noted that during the early period of Soviet history (1921–1926), the intellectual atmosphere of society was quite free. The national idea was not rejected, but only combined with the idea of internationalism.

Фреймовая структура концепта «успех» в русской лингвокультуре

The present article discusses the structure of the concept "success" using the method of frame analysis. The relevance of the topic is justified by the great popularity of success research in various sciences, such as philosophy, cultural studies, psychology and sociology. In linguistics, the study of success is also a promising study. Modern society aims at achieving success, scientific and journalistic literature presents various approaches to the definition of success, its importance in the life of society, as well as ways of achieving it. The article aims at studying and describing linguistic means of success in Russian, as well as at revealing the attitude to success in Russian speakers. The concept "success" is one of the significant in Russian linguistic culture and has a high frequency of verbalization in speech. The authors consider that success, as it is understood by modern people, originates from the national idea of the "American Dream", while highlighting the difference in the perception and verbalization of universal concepts. The concept, being a cognitive structure, is verbalized in frames, which was the choice of frame analysis as a research method. The article emphasizes the importance of acquiring frames in the process of life experience, which manifests itself in the reflection of language consciousness. Frame analysis resulted in the identification of eight sub-frames and fourteen slots, which formed the basis of the objectification of the concept "success". Thus, the review of etymological interpretations and the study of the material of the National Corpus of the Russian language allowed us to identify the differences between folklore and modern understanding of success.

Measures of national and patriotic promotion in the training of future specialists in physical culture and sports

The goal of the work. Implementation of the principles of national-patriotic education through the use of measures for the preparation of future specialists in the field of physical culture and sports through the implementation of the ideas of national-patriotic education, the involvement of student youth in participation in socially significant projects of a patriotic direction, active study by future teachers of the national-cultural heritage of the Ukrainian people. Methodology. Conducting events of a national and patriotic direction is currently relevant in the system of training future specialists and is determined by a number of circumstances – the social situation that has developed in our country, transformations in social, political, economic life, reassessment of values in the minds of people. The development of patriotism among the population is aimed at ensuring the integrity and unity of Ukraine, which is the core of the Ukrainian national idea.
 The task of the study is to form the readiness of future specialists in the field of physical culture and sports to protect Ukraine, the desire to serve in the Armed Forces of Ukraine as a special type of public service through national and patriotic events. Measures for national and military-patriotic education should be carried out comprehensively, with the joint efforts of state authorities and local governments, as well as educational institutions, families, public associations, volunteer and charity organizations, the Armed Forces of Ukraine, and other power structures. The principles of the research are the formation of future physical culture and sports specialists through the principles of national orientation, self-activity and self-regulation, historical and social memory, intergenerational continuity, etc.
 The object of the study is the formation of future specialists in physical culture and sports before the implementation of the concept of national-patriotic education through the implementation of appropriate events. The subject of the study is the creation of pedagogical conditions for the formation of the readiness of future specialists in physical culture and sports in the process of national-patriotic and military-sports events. Scientific novelty. The essence of measures of national-patriotic orientation as a systematic and purposeful activity, which involves the formation of future physical culture and sports specialists in patriotic consciousness, love for the Motherland, readiness to protect it thanks to the introduction of effective forms and methods into the educational practice of institutions of general secondary and higher education, which are used in national-patriotic and military-sports events.
 The main institutions and institutions of various forms of ownership are singled out and the main measures implemented by them in national-patriotic directions are singled out. The educational possibilities of measures of a national and patriotic direction are substantiated with the aim of their implementation in the educational process of general secondary education institutions and institutions of higher education. Conclusions. It was determined that patriotic education in the preparation of future specialists in physical culture and sports in the process of measures of national and patriotic orientation is a systematic and purposeful activity of state authorities, public organizations, family, school, and other social institutions regarding the formation of a high patriotic consciousness in the young generation, a sense of loyalty, love for the Motherland, concern for the well-being of one's people, readiness to fulfill the civic and constitutional duty to protect the national interests, integrity, and independence of Ukraine, and to promote its establishment as a legal, democratic, and social state.

The national idea and ideology of personalism as a humanitarian aura of Ukrainianity

The study analyzed the role and significance of the Ukrainian national idea (UNI) and national ideology for the establishment of independence, in particular, for the spiritual victory of Ukrainians in the Russian-Ukrainian war. UNI is considered not only as a response to socio-political and economic problems of the Ukrainian nation’s development, but also as a multi-aspect – existential, metaphysical, global – challenge. In order to resolve this complex of problems, a fundamental rethinking of views on human and society and the mechanisms of their interaction was carried out. The essence of the author’s theory of stages of the person’s spiritual development has been formulated as a metaphysical theory of personality, that has a historic-philosophical tradition originating from ancient Chinese and ancient philosophy. A person in the process of his socio-political and spiritual development is able to go through the following stages of spiritual formation: dependent, mediocre person, personality and genius, although he can stop at lower stages of development. On this basis, it is proved that there can be only two paradigms of human existence: either impersonal or personal, and their fundamental features are formulated. The concepts of equality and spiritual hierarchy have been carried out. Skovoroda’s idea of unequal equality is interpreted as a combination of equality and hierarchy: civil-political, legal equality and spiritual hierarchy. It was offered to prioritize the spiritual and metaphysical theory of personality as the basis of UNI, in which the last one is the substance, that is, the primary carrier of social existence. UNI appears as a response to the dominance of the mediocre person and the depersonalized paradigm of his existence, as a unity of primary principles and primary sources (personalities), who are their creators and actors. Such understanding of the Ukrainian idea provides grounds for a holistic solution to the socio-political, existential, pedagogical, historical, and metaphysical problems of the nation and has the prospect of spiritual improvement of the covital society. On the basis of metaphysical theory of personality and UNI, the main provisions of the national ideology were formulated, the purpose of which is to form a critical mass of ethnically conscious personalities. It is argued that a military victory requires the establishment in the public consciousness of the fundamental provisions of the UNI and the ideology of personalism. It is offered to put the guiding principles of the UNI and the ideology of personalism as a framework condition of the social contract, that will contribute to overcoming impersonal tendencies in Ukrainian society.