Emergent Themes Research Articles

Unveiling the Apathy: Understanding the Causes of Student Disengagement in Student Governance

This study delved into the causes of student disengagement in any form of student-based governance of the University of Cebu College of Arts and Sciences Department's Student Body Organization (CAS-SBO) during the academic year 2023-2024. A descriptive phenomenological research design was employed, exploring participants' experiences in student governance, how these experiences influence their lack of total disengagement and the strategies that could revitalize their engagement and active participation in the said area. Data were gathered through in-depth interviews with twelve students selected via linear snowball sampling, focusing on those with prior governance experience who did not participate in recent CAS-SBO activities. Thematic content analysis revealed nine emergent themes: (1) Lack of Connection, Inequality in Representation, and Faculty Intervention as essential experiences in student governance; (2) Student Unfamiliarity, Feeling Unrepresented, and Unmet Expectations as reasons for disengagement; and (3) Inclusive Activities, Addressing Electoral Disparity, and Empowered Leadership as potential strategies to increase engagement. Based on these findings, the study recommends regular CAS-SBO general assemblies, teambuilding exercises, leadership seminars, and the election of representatives for each degree program to foster more vital student involvement and improve representation. The study also suggests future research topics, including electoral system reforms and former CAS-SBO presidents' experiences.

A qualitative investigation into the effectiveness of a housing navigator program linking justice-involved clients with recovery housing

BackgroundRoughly 24–36% of people who are incarcerated in the U.S. are formally diagnosed with opioid use disorder (OUD). Once released, individuals involved with the criminal legal system (CLS) face increased risks of return to use and fatality and are 129 times more likely to die from an overdose within the first two weeks of release compared to those without CLS involvement. People who are CLS-involved and who are seeking a recovery living environment can access temporary stable housing through recovery homes. However, entering a recovery home can be difficult due to fragmentation among recovery housing organizations and their non-uniform application and screening procedures. A navigation pilot program was implemented to provide clients with recovery home placement advice, pre-screening, and referrals in Cook County, IL. Existing research on recovery homes has rarely examined the importance of recovery housing navigation for enhancing service engagement among CLS-involved individuals receiving medications for OUD.MethodsSemi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with 22 clients and three recovery housing navigators as part of a program evaluation of the navigation program pilot. Qualitative software was used to organize and qualitatively analyze transcripts through several rounds of coding producing emergent themes, which were then triangulated, and expanded using navigator data.ResultsClients seeking recovery home services reported multiple prior challenges securing safe and supportive recovery living environments. Despite low initial expectations, clients described their interactions with housing navigators in favorable terms and felt navigators worked with them effectively to identify and meet their housing and substance use needs in a timely manner. Clients also commented on their partnerships with the navigator throughout the process. Interactions with navigators also calmed fears of rejection many clients had previously experienced and still harbored about the process, which bolstered client-navigator relationships and client motivation to engage with additional services.ConclusionEvidence from this study suggests recovery home navigation can improve the speed and efficiency with which clients are connected to appropriate services that are tailored to their specific needs as well as increase client motivation to engage with a myriad of recovery services.

A Theory-Guided Qualitative Exploration of Occupational Influences on Firefighters' Dietary Behaviors.

Firefighters face many inherent occupational health hazards and increased risk for several cancers, making peak health essential. However, cardiac events and stroke continue as leading causes of on-duty deaths. Healthy diets promote prevention of cardiovascular disease and cancers. While some dietary interventions have been undertaken, sustained improvements have not been observed. Understanding firefighters' occupational influences on dietary behavior is vital for implementation of effective interventions to improve nutrition. The Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) guided this qualitative study. Nine focus groups of firefighters who work 24-hour shifts and one interview with a fire administrator (N = 34) were conducted in 2018 across South Carolina, United States. Predominant TDF domains of influence for workplace dietary behaviors included social/professional role and identity; social influences; environmental context and resources; knowledge; beliefs about consequences; memory, attention, and decision processes; and emotion. Four emergent themes mapped to TDF domains: "We are family": Firefighters feel a strong identity in their work and with peers; "If you are a firefighter, you've got a second job": Firefighters experience many limitations in personal and workplace resources; "That kills us": Firefighters were knowledgeable about most all occupational health and safety risks except dietary risks; and "You're tired, wore out": Occupational stress influenced nutritional choice making. Firefighters experience many barriers to healthy eating while at work due to unique occupational influences. The findings from this study highlighted specific behavioral domains and barriers to be intervened upon that may increase the likelihood of long-term adoption of healthier dietary practices by firefighters.

Pedagogical content knowledge in school economics

How can creative teaching in economics education be identified and explored? A construct that assists understanding in this area is pedagogical content knowledge (PCK). It represents the merging of content and pedagogy to understand how particular topics or lessons are organised, represented, and adapted to students’ diverse interests and abilities. This paper draws upon the author's research that explores teaching and learning in school economics to discuss this epistemological concept that blends the traditionally separated knowledge bases of content and pedagogy. The research involved interviewing and observing school economics teachers and student focus group interviews. Thematic analysis was employed to analyse the data. In this paper, I discuss the emergent theme of how teachers communicated their understanding of subject knowledge by developing their PCK to engage their students in learning. The considerations raised can assist lecturers, teachers, teacher educators, and researchers in enacting the teaching and learning process in economics and other disciplines.

The Right to Education for Girls in Nigeria: Barriers, Progress, and Policy Solutions

The right to education is a fundamental human right essential for the empowerment and development of societies. In Nigeria, despite numerous legal frameworks and policies, girls continue to face significant challenges in accessing quality education. This paper explores the barriers that prevent Nigerian girls from exercising their right to education, including cultural, economic, legal, and infrastructural obstacles. It also highlights the progress made through government policies, non-governmental organisations (NGOs), and international support. Finally, the paper offers policy recommendations aimed at overcoming these barriers and ensuring that every girl in Nigeria has equal access to quality education. By addressing these challenges through targeted interventions, Nigeria can unlock the potential of millions of girls, contributing to national growth and gender equality. Keywords: Right to education, Girls’ Education, Gender equality, Nigeria, Policy Solutions

Perceptions of extended-release buprenorphine among people who received medication for opioid use disorder in jail: a qualitative study

BackgroundIncarceration provides an opportunity for health interventions, including opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment and prevention of opioid-related overdoses post-release. All FDA-approved forms of medication for OUD (MOUD) treatment were mandated in several Massachusetts jails in 2019, with some jails offering extended-release buprenorphine (XR-Bup). Little is known about patient perspectives on and experiences with XR-Bup in carceral settings.MethodsWe conducted semi-structured interviews in 2022 with community-dwelling people who received MOUD during a recent incarceration in a Massachusetts jail. We asked participants about their experiences with and perspectives on XR-Bup while in jail. Qualitative data were double-coded deductively and reviewed inductively to identify emergent themes, which were structured using the Theoretical Framework of Acceptability (TFA).ResultsParticipants (n = 38) had a mean age of 41.5 years, were 86% male, 84% White, 24% Hispanic, and 95% continued to receive MOUD at the time of their interview, including 11% receiving XR-Bup. Participants who viewed XR-Bup favorably appreciated avoiding the taste of sublingual buprenorphine; avoiding procedural difficulties and indignities associated with daily dosing in carceral settings (e.g., mouth checks, stigmatizing treatment from correctional staff); avoiding daily reminders of their addiction; experiencing less withdrawal; having extra time for other activities, such as work; and reduction of diversion of MOUD within the jail setting. Participants who viewed XR-Bup less favorably preferred to maintain their daily dosing routine; liked daily time out of their housing unit; wanted to know what was “going into my body everyday”; and feared needles and adverse events. Participants also reported that jail clinicians used XR-Bup for patients who were previously caught diverting sublingual buprenorphine, suggesting limited patient participation in decision-making around XR-Bup initiation in some jails.ConclusionPeople who received MOUD in Massachusetts jails had both favorable and unfavorable views and experiences with XR-Bup. Understanding these preferences can inform protocols in jails that are considering implementation of XR-Bup treatment.

Beyond error: A qualitative study of human factors in serious adverse events.

The field of healthcare quality and safety has been informed by the study of Human Factors contributing to adverse events. Hitherto, much of the study of Human Factors has been focused on a narrow lens of human error, identifying cognitive-based or knowledge-based errors and cognitive processes such as loss of situational awareness contributing to error. While these factors are important, this narrow approach fails to consider the complexity of relational and systemic factors that also contribute to adverse events. We aimed to explore the relational and systemic human factors, including shared clinician attitudes and behavior, that contribute to serious adverse patient events in a public health setting. The study, set in a metropolitan local health district in New South Wales, Australia, was conducted using a retrospective qualitative multi-incident content analysis design. Serious adverse event reviews (SAER) over 6 months (2022-2023) were subject to qualitative content analysis until data saturation was reached. Data saturation reached at 20 reports. Emergent themes related to human factors in serious adverse events included: (i) delays and inertia-with a subtheme of inertia of ageism; (ii) "All-or-nothing" approach to end-of-life care and planning; (iii) communication lapses; and (iv) implementation gap between standards and practice. Error-based incidents accounted for only 35% of the serious adverse events examined. The sample studied involved mostly (65%) male patients, with a mean age of 69 (70% aged >65), managed across the gamut of specialties, with the most common incident being the management of acutely deteriorating patients. In conclusion, there is more to Human Factors in adverse events than cognitive or knowledge-based error. While identifying and correcting errors is absolutely essential, we need adjunctive "soft measures" to address clinical attitudes, behaviors, and relationships in health care, particularly in increasingly complex, fraught, and stressful health care environments.

A mixed methods analysis of a yearlong intercultural competence curriculum strand

ABSTRACT Background: In a published 2016 report, it was estimated that approximately 80% of public-school teachers identified as White (United States Department of Education 2016). The duality of the issue is that the diversity of the teacher workforce has improved since 1990 but lags in comparison to the increasing diversity of the student population [Gumber, C., and J. Beckhusen. 2022. “U.S. Teachers More Diverse but Still Lag Student Racial, Ethnic Makeup”. United States Census Bureau, January 5. Accessed August 12, 2022. https://www.census.gov/library/stories/2022/01/nations-teachers-more-diverse-but-still-lag-racial-ethnic-makeup-of-students.html.]. The discrepancy that exists in racial or ethnic diversity between teachers and students has been termed a cultural gap [Muschell, L. H., and H. M. Roberts. 2011. “Bridging the Cultural Gap: One Teacher Education Program’s Response to Preparing Culturally Responsive Teachers.” Childhood Education 87 (5): 337–340. https://doi.org/10.1080/00094056.2011.10523209]. The value proposition for a teacher workforce that mirrors society is hard to dispute. In the broadest sense, members of the education sector must coordinate efforts to recruit and retain culturally diverse teachers. While these efforts are critical, progress will likely be carried out over a longer period of time. Thus, adequately preparing current and future teachers to bridge the cultural gap is essential. Purpose: Intercultural competence (ICC) is an increasingly relevant topic for teacher preparation programs. To date, there remains a relative dearth of research on strategies that physical education teacher education (PETE) programs can use to promote ICC among teacher candidates (TCs). This study aimed to explore a yearlong curriculum strand’s impact on promoting ICC development in TCs. Methods: A mixed methods research design involving quantitative and qualitative data collection was employed. The quantitative measure was the Intercultural Development Inventory®. Qualitative measures consisted of journal entries and semi-structured interviews. Datasets were then merged to generate mixed-data narratives. Participants included 29 TCs enrolled at a mid-Atlantic University. Findings: Analyses revealed that the curriculum strand did not promote significant change in teacher candidates’ ICC levels quantitatively. Researchers used the constant comparison method to interpret the mixed data narratives. Analyses of the mixed data narratives revealed four emergent themes: (a) experience with cultural diversity; (b) confidence to teach culturally diverse students; (c) making sense of ICC; and (d) reflection on action. Conclusions: Participant data suggests that ICC is a topic that TCs value but may be lacking in their practical, applied understanding of working across cultural differences. Implications and future research on promoting ICC among physical education TCs are discussed. To our knowledge, this study will be the first application of the IDI® to explore change following physical education TCs’ participation in a yearlong curriculum strand focused on promoting ICC.

Restructuring Religious Education for Development Sustainability in the 21st Century Nigeria

The importance of education to national development and growth especially in Nigeria cannot be overlooked. It plays vital roles in the resources essential for societal growth and it should be noted that these resources include human resources as individuals are responsible for nation building. Education comprises basic knowledge and skills required for sustainable living. These knowledge and skills constitute moral values and codes which are learnt through religious education. Hence, religious education remains vital and relevant particularly in the 21st century Nigeria. In the 21st century, religious education in Nigeria continues to experience problems ranging from the implementation of irrational educational policies by the constituted authorities particularly against educational system, poor funding, mismanagement and misappropriation, political instability, bad governance, just to mention a few. It is not a dispute that these lingering issues have indented the place of religious education and its values in the educational system which has been debased. Nevertheless, acquiring quality education should be measured on global standards, such that the acquired knowledge could match up with the global scale. Therefore, it is crucial to revisit and reconstruct religious education particularly to conform to the 21st century Nigerian society. This is to attain a stable and life - long relevance within the Nigerian educational system. It is a qualitative discourse and it engages primary and secondary sources of data information, it adopts the functional theory which spells out the functions of religious education to the national development particularly in the 21st century as well as the theory of relevance which reflects the relevance of religious education as tool to instill morals and mould individuals into good and patriotic citizens. It includes discussions on the challenges militating against religious education in the 21st century. The relevance of religious education at this era, and recommended suggestable strategies to sustain its relevance further into the future.

Exploring the impact of oil revenue on Nigeria's economic growth: A non‐linear autoregressive distributed lag model

AbstractThe influence of oil proceeds on an economy remains a subject of debate among scholars. Most scholars agree that income from oil has direct effect on economic expansion. We explore the impact of revenue from oil on economic growth in Nigeria from 1986 to 2016. Data were collected from the Nigerian Central Bank and the World Data Indicators. We employed a non‐linear autoregressive distributive lag approach to analyse the data. The outcome exposes a direct and significant association between revenue from oil and GDP both in the short and long term. Trade openness exhibits a significant negative effect on GDP from both short‐ and long‐term perspectives. Gross capital formation directly influences GDP in the short and long run, with significant impacts primarily in the long term. The study suggests that revenue from oil has a direct and significant impact on the Nigerian economy during the period from 1981 to 2016. We recommend that the Nigerian government create a conducive environment for private investment to thrive, thereby sustaining the nation's growth potential. Additionally, the government should wisely utilise revenue from oil to revitalise non‐booming productive sectors in the economy, thus diversifying revenue sources.

Artificial intelligence for citizen participation to promote sustainable services for sustainable development in South African municipalities: A conceptual analysis

The linkages between adequate service delivery and sustainable development have been given a little academic attention in the South Africa’s local municipalities. For this reason, the achievement of sustainable development has been difficult which has culminated in the occurrence of service delivery protests. These service delivery protests have posed critical threats to social security thus affecting the possibility to achieve sustainable development in South Africa. the paper findings showed that the delivery of inadequate services to the citizens is triggered by the failure to equally include citizens in the process. One of the threats that the paper found is the fact that these service delivery protests have become a major issue and any move to solve them without citizen participation has been unsuccessful. The paper findings also showed that that the lack of adequate service delivery to the citizens causes human insecurities which in turn affect the achievement of sustainable development. This is because the occurrence of the service delivery protests deteriorates national economic growth and human growth. They affect foreign investors and international tourists by instilling fear in them and yet they are contributors to sustainable economic growth that leads to sustainable development. The findings of this paper also presented that the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies can increase citizen participation during service delivery. It is through the use of citizen participation that openness, transparency, accountability, and representation principles that promote the delivery of adequate services are possible. The paper found that using AI technologies would also foster trust between the service provider and service receiver needed for delivering adequate services, thus achieve sustainable development in South Africa.

Identification of Factors Affecting Net Zero Emission Level in Indonesia

Amid the rising risks of fossil fuel prices and uncertainties about the global energy supply, countries worldwide have the opportunity to strengthen the development of clean energy investments. This study analyzes the impact of economic growth and other variables, such as fossil fuel consumption, renewable electricity generation, and low-carbon energy use, on carbon dioxide emissions in Indonesia over the past 58 years, from 1965 to 2022. The analysis compares the findings with the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis using quadratic equations and cubic equations through the stepwise application of ordinary least square (OLS) methods. Projections suggest that this relationship could follow the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis with an inverted U-shape as GDP per capita increases, CO2 emissions per capita rise until reaching a turning point at $12,440 GDP per capita, after which CO2 emissions per capita potentially decrease with further GDP growth. The EKC is a theoretical framework that suggests that environmental degradation initially increases with economic growth, but it starts to decrease beyond a certain point. The analysis also shows that projections could follow an N-curve when variables such as fossil fuel consumption and low-carbon energy influence the NZE level. This indicates that Indonesia still needs to consider energy security in the short and medium term while advancing sustainable energy initiatives. There is also a need for support in research and development of environmentally friendly technologies to reduce emissions alongside national economic growth.

Effectiveness of tax incentives in optimizing corporate income tax revenue: Case study public listed company tax office

Tax revenue is a key component of the Indonesian State Budget (APBN) and plays a strategic role in national development. This study aims to analyze the impact of the implementation of the income tax rate reduction policy and tax incentives based on Law Number 7 of 2021 on Harmonization of Tax Regulations (UU HPP) on corporate income tax revenue at Public Listed Company Tax Office. The research methodology used is qualitative descriptive, with primary data obtained through interviews with tax officials and tax consultants, and secondary data from tax revenue documentation and related literature. The findings show that the reduction in corporate income tax rates and the provision of tax incentives for publicly listed companies significantly impact the optimization of tax revenue at the Public Listed Company Tax Office. The largest contribution to corporate income tax revenue comes from companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX), with a dominant contribution from companies conducting Initial Public Offerings (IPOs). The study also identifies several factors affecting the optimization of corporate income tax revenue, including tax awareness and corporate tax morale. These findings provide important insights into how tax policies can be optimized to improve taxpayer compliance and tax revenue, as well as their contribution to national economic growth.

Using National Public Health Accreditation to Explore Quality Improvement and Performance Management in Small Local Health Departments

Context: This article focuses on 4 small local health departments (LHDs) that were in the process of seeking Public Health Accreditation Board (PHAB) reaccreditation or Pathways Recognition using PHAB Standards & Measures Version 2022. Objective: The objective of this study was to explore the experiences of 4 small LHDs related to Quality Improvement (QI) and Performance Management (PM) in their pursuit of PHAB reaccreditation or Pathways Recognition. Design: A team of researchers conducted 22 qualitative interviews with health department leaders and staff. Findings relative to QI/PM represent an embedded case study since they were part of a larger investigation. Setting: The research team conducted interviews remotely with health departments located in the West and Midwest. Participants: Participants included adults at least 18 years old and employed in 1 of 4 health departments. Main Outcome Measures: Emergent themes from this qualitative investigation included using QI/PM tracking systems, building staff buy-in for QI/PM, integrating QI/PM into daily work, and advice for other health departments regarding QI/PM. Results: Participants suggested that tracking systems helped them manage QI/PM processes. Staff buy-in for QI/PM was strengthened by building a sense of ownership of the process and connecting improvement processes to outcomes. Health departments integrated QI/PM into daily work by leadership modeling and communicating expectations. Advice for other health departments included finding a QI system that was easy to follow and recognizing the role of QI/PM in improving performance to better support the wellbeing of the community. Conclusions: QI/PM are important tools for health department effectiveness. Participants affirmed that the primary purposes of QI/PM are to enhance internal processes and improve community health outcomes. Study findings demonstrate how 4 small health departments integrated QI/PM into their public health practice.

SOCIALIZATION OF PRODUCT BRANDING AS AN EFFORT TO INCREASE ENTREPRENEURIAL INTEREST AMONG HOUSEWIVES OF NGINDEN JANGKUNGAN VILLAGE

Product branding provides various potentials in increasing sales value so that it can attract consumers, product branding can be developed in MSMEs which play an important role in national economic growth. MSMEs are also considered as one of the solutions for people who do not have jobs or do not want to work in a company. One of them is in the Nginden Jangkungan sub-district which still does not have an adequate understanding of product branding, so efforts are needed to increase awareness and understanding, one of which is through socialization. With the socialization related to product branding, it is expected to increase product competitiveness, attract consumer attention and increase income.

Patient satisfaction with quality of care at out-patient departments in selected health facilities in Kumasi, Ghana

BackgroundHealth care is an indispensable element for economic growth and development of individuals and nations. Healthcare service quality is associated with patient satisfaction, ensuring the safety and security of patients, reducing mortality and morbidity, and improving the quality of life. Patient satisfaction with health service is linked to increased utilization following contendness with healthcare received from health providers. There is an increasing public perception of poor quality of care among patients visiting public health facilities in Ghana which translates into service dissatisfaction. Meanwhile, patient dissatisfaction will more likely result in poor utilization, disregard for medical advice, and treatment non-adherence. The study was conducted to assess patients’ satisfaction with quality of care at the outpatient departments of selected health facilities in Kumasi, Ghana.MethodsAn institutional-based analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among patients (aged ≥ 18 years) visiting outpatient departments of selected health facilities in Kumasi from October - December, 2019. A systematic sampling technique was adopted to collect quantitative information from 385 respondents using a structured questionnaire. At 95% confidence interval and 5% alpha level, two-level logistic regression models were performed. Model I estimated the crude associations and the effect of covariates was accounted for in Model II. The results were presented in odds ratio with a corresponding 95% confidence interval. All analysis were performed using STATA statistical software version 16.0.ResultsOut of the 385 participants, 90.9% of the participants were satisfied with the services they received. Being married [AOR = 3.06, 95%CI = 1.07–8.74], agreeing that the facility is disability-friendly [AOR = 7.93, 95%CI = 2.07–14.43], facility has directional signs for navigation [AOR = 3.12, 95%=1.92–10.59] and the facility has comfortable and attractive waiting area [AOR = 10.02, 95%CI = 2.35–22.63] were associated with satisfaction with health service among patients. Spending more than 2 h at the health facility [AOR = 0.45, 95%CI = 0.04–0.93] and having perceived rude and irritating provider [AOR = 0.14, 95%CI = 0.04–0.51] had lower odds of satisfaction with health service received.ConclusionThere is a high patient satisfaction with services received at out-patient departments which is influenced by a multiplicity of factors; being married, and agreeing that the facility is disability-friendly, has directional signs for navigation, and the waiting area is comfortable and attractive. The study findings call for the need to develop and implement health delivery interventions and strategies (i.e. patient-centered interventions, disability-friendly facilities, and sustainability and improvement of quality service) to improve and sustain patient satisfaction levels with health care service. These strategies must be directed towards addressing inequalities in infrastructural development and inputs needed for healthcare delivery in the health system.

Improving Digital Marketing Skills of MSMEs in Legok Village through a Community Service Program

There are several problems in marketing the products of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in this digital era. Problems such as limited access to technology and lack of knowledge and expertise in managing digital platforms or tools. To overcome these problems, Community Service (PKM) activities are carried out. This PKM is focused on improving marketing skills for MSME players in Legok Village, Tangerang, Banten by Universitas Multimedia Nusantara (UMN). Specifically, this solution is in the form of training with the theme of digital marketing management, market trend analysis, customer preferences, and strategies to increase customer interaction on e-commerce platforms and social media. The materials in this PKM activity are market trend analysis and the use of digital marketing tools where there are 19 participants from different MSME players. The results of this training showed that 100% of participants stated that the training delivered provided new insights or ideas to improve their business, especially in terms of marketing management. Thus, MSMEs in Legok Village are expected to be able to compete better in the digital market, which in turn can encourage local and national economic growth.

Policing the Territorial Waters of The Philippines: Work World of Philippine National Police - Maritime Group (PNP – MG) Troopers

As geopolitical dynamics change and the threat of transnational crimes persists, the need to protect territorial waters and address the growing issues associated with global marine security have taken on more significance. Countries all around the world are struggling with the necessity of protecting their internal waters from a variety of criminal activities, such as illegal fishing, piracy, and drug trafficking. This study explored the work world of PNP Maritime Group Troopers through a qualitative research method. The informants of this study were 10 Maritime Troopers assigned at Bohol Maritime Police Station. Four (4) informants were subjected to an in-depth interview and six (6) informants for the focus group discussion. The findings of this study are illustrated in emergent themes. Four (4) emergent themes described the positive and negative experiences of the informants in the performance of their duties in securing the internal waters of Bohol. For the positive experiences, two (2) emergent themes were developed, namely Familial and Pecuniary Incentives and Perpetual Duty Gratification. For the negative experiences, two (2) emergent themes were also developed, to wit: Unforeseen Logistical Impediments and Organizational Strain Intricacies. Meanwhile, two (2) emergent themes were formulated to explain the informants’ coping with the challenges encountered in the performance of their duties, namely: Optimizing Operation Efficiency and Strategic Dispute Management. Finally, two (2) emergent themes were created to express the aspirations of the informants to improve the quality of their work in securing the internal waters of Bohol, to wit: Biologically Benevolent Stewardship and Harmonious Excellent Synergy. Based on the emergent themes identified, it is recommended to implement targeted interventions addressing logistical challenges and enhance organizational support to have collaborative approaches to optimize efficiency of PNP Maritime Group Troopers in securing Bohol's internal waters.

Acceleration of the Banking Sector and Economic Growth: Effectiveness of Economic Recovery Strategies Post-Covid-19

The banking sector around the world is under great pressure due to the current state of the Covid-19. This study investigates how Covid-19 impacts systemic risk in the banking sector across all types of banking lines affected by Covid-19. This study found that all banking lines experienced a significant increase in systemic risk among the types of banking that were sampled initially. By using spillover policies, it is also possible to identify institutions that are systemically important. The analysis was performed using Panel Data Regression, SVAR, and FEVD on individual bank data and macroeconomic data. The findings proved that government policies to drive the business cycle and MSME actors in the context of overcoming the impact of Covid-19, have not shown their effectiveness. This is indicated by the negative response of economic growth to the policies that have been issued. On the other hand, the performance of banking financial institutions also contributes to national economic growth. This is indicated by the sensitivity of the bank's internal variables in responding to national economic growth. Likewise, with the response to government policies and macroeconomic conditions. Therefore, there is a need for an acceleration policy in handling the current national economic recovery.Originality/Value: This paper focus on systematic risk in banking during COVID-19, use of advanced econometric techniques, evaluation of government policies, integration of bank performance and macroeconomic growth, and its assessment of policy effectiveness, and its implications for future economic recovery efforts.

Dampak Industri Halal pada Perekonomian di Indonesia: Pengaruh Pendapatan, Ekspor, dan FDI terhadap PDB Melalui Pendekatan GMM

This research explores the influence of income, exports and foreign direct investment (FDI) on Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in the halal industry in Indonesia, using the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) approach. This study is based on panel data from companies operating in the halal sector between 2010 and 2022. The results show that income and exports positively and significantly influence GDP growth, confirming the importance of company activities and export performance in driving national economic growth. In contrast, FDI was found to have no significant effect on GDP, indicating that foreign investment's contribution in this sector is not yet optimal or is influenced by other factors such as the quality of institutions and infrastructure. This research provides important implications for policymakers and stakeholders, considering the urgency of improving export strategies, diversifying markets, and improving the quality of institutions and infrastructure to maximize the economic benefits of FDI. In addition, the results of this research also emphasize the important role of the halal industry as a major contributor to Indonesia's economic growth, as well as the need for policies that support further development and diversification of the halal industrial sector.