Nature Of Game Research Articles

Historical and Analytical Aspect of the Study of the Moral Value of Folk Games

Folk games are an integral part of the culture and life of every nation. Folk games developed on the basis of certain patterns and were associated with the economic development of society and the formation of a person in society. Throughout the historical existence of a nation, the game reflects all aspects of its life, has a direct impact on the development of the individual in society, preserving its identity as a national treasure and value belonging to the people. Azerbaijan is the birthplace of a large number of national games. Folk games, having gone through their long historical path, have repeatedly been subject to certain changes of time, the demands of society.

Nomadic Culture’s Place Names Named After the Cult of Domestic Livestock

The given research considers toponyms of the Republic of Kazakhstan related to the names of domestic livestock, their species, and products as nomadic culture’s place names named after the cult of domestic livestock. The total sum of 341 toponyms named after the cult of domestic livestock from all 14 regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan were taken as the data of the study. They were assembled from different geographical maps of the regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan, and they were divided into five main groups that were named after the five main species of domestic livestock. They are: 1. Nomadic culture’s place names named after the cult of horses; 2. Nomadic culture’s place names named after the cult of oxen; 3. Nomadic culture’s place names named after the cult of camels; 4. Nomadic culture’s place names named after the cult of sheep; 5. Nomadic culture’s place names named after the cult of goats. The complex analysis of research data revealed the percentage of each of the five groups mentioned above; it also identified the 15 most common toponyms named after the nomadic cult of domestic livestock and assisted in classifying the mechanisms of naming nomadic culture’s toponyms named after the cult of domestic livestock. As a result, this research proposes a pioneering classification of mechanisms for naming nomadic culture’s place names, which can manifest some peculiarities of nomadic culture. It also revealed that 56 percent of the 341 toponyms, which were used as data for the study, are associated with the cult of horses. Words associated with the cult of horses in Kazakh culture are widely used in toponyms and serve various functions. These include providing information about incidents that occurred at specific locations, as well as describing the features of geographical objects using characteristics associated with horses and their breeds. The second group of place names in nomadic cultures, named after the cult of domestic livestock, is dedicated to the cult of camels. These constitute approximately 16 percent of all nomadic place names related to the cult of domestic livestock. Camels have played a role in the lives of Central Asian nomads similar to that of horses. Similarly, place names in nomadic cultures associated with the cult of camels serve functions akin to those related to the cult of horses. The Kazakh people even name their children using names that contain elements associated with the cult of camels. The third significant group of place names within the nomadic culture, which is attributed to the worship of domestic livestock, pertains to the cult of sheep. This category constitutes ten percent of all place names related to the nomadic culture's veneration of domestic animals, marginally surpassing the last two groups of such toponyms by only one percent. In Central Asia, nomadic peoples primarily raise sheep for their meat and wool. The Kazakh people have numerous traditions linked to the sheep cult. Even the bones of sheep have been and still are used as toys during national Kazakh games such as “asyk oinau.” The etymological aspects and word structure of toponyms of a given group were studied, and the results of the research contain new details about the etymology of some nomadic culture’s place names that were considered as the data of the study. The whole research process was conducted in three main phases: the phase of reviewing literature and collecting geographical names; the phase of studying etymology and word structure of research data and identifying the 15 most frequent nomadic culture’s toponyms; and the phase of identifying and classifying the main mechanisms of naming nomadic culture’s place names named after the cult of domestic livestock. Received: 14 July 2024 / Accepted: 20 October 2024 / Published: 05 November 2024

Events, turns, and critical junctures: unpacking the temporality of supporter rights and democracy in English football

ABSTRACT The future of professional men’s football in England stands at a critical juncture. In the wake of a global pandemic, the national game has been beset by volatility and upheaval. In April 2021, six of the most storied clubs in England announced they would be joining a new breakaway European Super League (ESL). These proposals triggered vehement opposition from fan movements, catalysing the intervention of the UK government who established a fan-led review of football governance (FLR) to consult fans on future regulatory reform and the security and safety of supporters at major events. Emerging out of these exogenous shocks and endogenous change, the governance of English football is set to be radically transformed via the establishment of a new regulatory regime. In this article, we employ eventful sociology and historical institutionalism to operationalise the concept of critical juncture and apply this through an analysis of two temporal periods (1985-1990) and (2020-2024). In doing so, we show how the current ‘regulatory turn’ is interdependently linked to prior historical transformative events, namely the Heysel and Hillsborough stadium disasters and the subsequent neoliberal transformation of English football across the last four decades. Incorporating a more nuanced understanding of change and continuity in the governance of English football, we argue that new regulatory frameworks, despite their transformative potential, may continue to exhibit institutional legacies of the existing regime and prevailing political economy.

Teaching Primary School Children’s Through Uzbek Folk Traditional Games for Improving Their Gross Motor Skills

The role and significance of Uzbek folk games in the process of physical education of junior schoolchildren is described. The possibilities of national games as one of the effective and significant factors in raising children are analyzed. A description is given of the complex use of outdoor games in the context of the formation of a harmoniously developed, physically healthy and socially active personality of primary school students in educational institutions. The conducted research is aimed at justifying the use of national games as a variable part of a physical education lesson, in the format of a national-regional component. The study revealed that Uzbek folk outdoor games have great opportunities not only for the development of motor abilities, education of physical and moral-volitional qualities, but also for the formation of a culture of interethnic communication. Children of different nationalities, participating in folk games and relay races, share their impressions, communicate with each other, complete game tasks and make joint efforts to achieve the goal of the game. Based on the results of an experimental study, conclusions were drawn about the practical significance of using folk games in physical education, with an emphasis on the dynamics of children’s motor readiness.

Conservation and Avoided Deforestation: Evidence from Protected Areas of Tanzania

Tanzania dedicates a substantial proportion (38%) of its territory to conservation, with a large number of Protected Areas (PAs) managed under various regimes. Nevertheless, the country still experiences high rates of deforestation, which threaten the ecological integrity and socio-economic benefits of its forests. We utilized the Global Forest Change Dataset (2012–2022) and implemented a Propensity Score Matching (PSM) approach followed by a series of binomial logit regression modeling. Our objectives were to evaluate (1) the likelihood of PAs in avoiding deforestation compared with unprotected forest landscapes, (2) the variability in effectiveness among the different PA management regimes in avoiding deforestation, (3) evidence of leakage, defined here as the displacement of deforestation beyond PA boundaries as a result of protection inside PAs. Our findings reveal that, despite ongoing deforestation within and outside of PAs, conservation efforts are, on average, three times more likely to avoid deforestation compared with unprotected landscapes. However, the effectiveness of avoiding deforestation significantly varies among the different management regimes. National Parks and Game Reserves are nearly ten times more successful in avoiding deforestation, likely because of the stringent set of regulations and availability of resources for implementation. Conversely, Nature Forest Reserves, Game Controlled Areas, and Forest Reserves are, on average, only twice as likely to avoid deforestation, indicating substantial room for improvement. We found little evidence of the overall leakage as a consequence of protection. These results highlight the mixed success of Tanzania’s conservation efforts, suggesting opportunities to enhance the effectiveness of many less protected PAs. We conclude by proposing potential strategic pathways to enhance further the climate and ecosystem benefits of conservation in Tanzania.

New learning method with ERP business simulation game: What can we learn?

This Study explores the effectiveness of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) business simulation games on user competencies. This Study Uses a qualitative descriptive methodology, and the informants of this research have been winning in national and international business simulation games (both students and alums). Traditional pedagogical approaches need to be revised to explain the rich dynamics arising from business environments. As a result, they also consider incorporating new educational aids into their curriculums, i.e., business simulation games. Participants indicated that interacting with these simulations enhanced their understanding of business topics and resulted in soft skills growth. Current working alumni said they felt more capable of acclimating to the professional world. However, the Study unearthed that comparatively few higher education institutions incorporate business simulation games in their teaching practices. The result shows that with the development of technology, there is a transformation in how business functions; integration of these tools into educational frameworks becomes essential to narrow the knowledge theory gap and knowledge application. These results suggest the importance of universities introducing technology tools, particularly ERP business simulations, into their curricula for Business and Economics courses (single or joint honors) alongside accounting.

Analysis of the Raccoon (Procyon lotor) and Common Raccoon Dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) Spatiotemporal Changes Based on Hunting Bag Data in Hungary

Sustainable wildlife management requires reliable data on population, habitat, and the interaction between them. Since 1993, Hungary has maintained the National Game Management Database, which collects data on game populations and hunting bags annually. During the last three decades, populations of medium-sized predators have remarkably increased in the country. Our study analyzed changes in hunting bag data and spatial distribution of two invasive alien species, the raccoon (Procyon lotor) and the raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides), utilizing annual game management reports from Game Management Units from 1997 to 2021. For spatial analysis, we employed a UTM grid system (10 × 10 km) covering the country. Our findings confirmed increasing trends in the hunting bag and area (number of grid cells) containing hunting bags for both species. From the first (1997–2001) to the last (2017–2021) period, the average annual hunting bag increased (raccoon: 0.40 → 11.00 ind/year; raccoon dog: 3.40 → 8.00 ind/year), and the average number of cells with hunting bags also expanded significantly (raccoon: 2.00 → 9.60 UTM cells/year; raccoon dog: 5.80 → 15.20 UTM cells/year). These trends and the size of potentially suitable habitats suggest a further spread and population increase, posing challenges for nature conservationists and wildlife managers.

The influence of scoring subjectivity and competition clothing exposure on athletes' body image

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to explore the impact of scoring criteria and competition clothing on body image. Past research has not considered the impact of scoring standards and the exposure level of competition clothing on body image at the same time. Therefore, this study wants to explore the impact of scoring standards and exposure level of competition clothing on athletes' body image. Methods: This study recruited a total of 175 voluntary participants, all of whom were over 18 years old and had been training in this sport for more than three years. The average age was 21±3.67 years old. They participated in the highest level events including international competitions, national games, and national games. The inquire about utilized two rebellious: a fundamental data sheet and the Multidimensional Body-Self Connection Survey (MBSRQ). The fundamental data sheet included member socioeconomics such as sex, wear type, age, a long time of engagement within the don, cooperation within the highest-level competition, height, and weight. Results: The overall Cronbach's α for the whole scale was 0.89, and for the three subscales, Cronbach's α was 0.86 for Appearance Assessment, 0.92 for Appearance Introduction, and 0.83 for Body Zones Fulfillment. These values illustrate great inside consistency. With respect to sex contrasts, the think about found that in outside appearance assessment and fulfillment with different body parts, guys scored higher than females, whereas in outside appearance introduction, females scored higher than guys. Conclusions: Within the setting of the athletes' critical others, such as family individuals, giving warmth, solid bolster, companionship, and support in everyday life can contribute emphatically to athletes' mental well-being. Hence, lessening feedback or negative dialect around appearance among partners can avoid negative impacts on athletes' body picture and execution. Empowering positive intuitive and communication between partners can have a positive effect on athletes' body picture and mental improvement.

DEVELOPMENT OF COMMUNICATION WITH PEERS WITH THE HELP OF GAMES IN EARLY AGE CHILDREN

The article deals with the formation and development of early-age children's communication with their peers. It is noted that various games can be used for this: games with pairs, games with several peers, joint games using objects, etc. In addition, you can also enjoy the games that reflect the elements of Azerbaijani national games and folk tales. Each of these games contributes to the emergence and development of a mutually positive relationship between young children.

Exploring the dynamics of Women's field hockey performance: A comparative analysis of the impact of opponent quality between Olympic Games and Chinese National Games

This is an observational retrospective study analyzed the performance of the Chinese women's national field hockey team during the 2020 Tokyo Olympics and 2021 National Games to assess the impact of opposition quality on performance. Game statistics were collected using notational analysis software for 76 Olympic and 40 National Games matches. Non-parametric Mann-Whitney U tests were used to compare tournaments. No significant differences existed for 35 out of 38 metrics, except Offense in 25-Yd Area (P = 0.013), Handball Style (P = 0.000) and Entry into Arc - Right Lane (P = 0.017). When exclusively considering Chinese national team's observations, superior National Games performance did emerge for Shot (P = 0.046), Goal from Short Corner (P = 0.044), Into the Arc (P = 0.046), Entry into Arc - Q3 (P = 0.009), Dribble into the Arc (P = 0.046), Handball Style into Arc (P = 0.041), Forehand Shot (P = 0.033), and Small Skill Shot (P = 0.014). The study underscores the influence of opposition quality on team performance, with a need for targeted improvements in arc penetration efficacy, conversion rates of shots to goals, and adaptation of tactical approaches against stronger defenses. The research points towards the need for strategic high-performance programs, improved domestic league quality, and a structured youth development system to elevate the overall standard of Chinese field hockey to achieve global competitiveness.

Descriptive analyses of knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding rabies transmission and prevention in rural communities near wildlife reserves in Uganda: a One Health cross-sectional study

BackgroundDespite urban (domestic dog) rabies cycles being the main target for rabies elimination by 2030, sylvatic (wildlife) rabies cycles can act as rabies spillovers especially in settlements contiguous to wildlife reserves. Rural communities next to wildlife reserves are characterized by unique socio-demographic and cultural practices including bat consumption, hunting for bushmeat, and non-vaccination of hunting dogs against rabies among others. This study aimed to compare the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAPs) related to rabies transmission and prevention in the three districts of Uganda; (1) Nwoya, neighboring Murchison Falls National Park (MFNP) in the north, (2) Kamwenge neighboring Kibaale National Park (KNP), Queen Elizabeth National Park (QENP) and Katonga Game Reserve (KGR) in the west, and (3) Bukedea, neighboring Pian Upe Game Reserve (PUGR) in the east of Uganda.MethodsA community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in settlements contiguous to these wildlife reserves. Using a semi-structured questionnaire, data were collected from 843 households owning dogs and livestock. Data were collected between the months of January and April 2023. Stratified univariate analyses by district were carried out using the Chi-square test for independence and Fisher’s exact test to compare KAPs in the three study districts.ResultsThe median age of study participants was 42 years (Q1, Q3 = 30, 52) with males comprising the majority (67%, n = 562). The key findings revealed that participants from the Nwoya district in the north (MFNP) had little knowledge about rabies epidemiology (8.5%, n = 25), only 64% (n = 187) of them knew its signs and symptoms such as a rabid dog presenting with aggressiveness and showed negative attitudes towards prevention measures (15.3%, n = 45). Participants in the Kamwenge district-west (KNP, QENP, and KGR) had little knowledge and negative attitude towards wildlife–human interaction pertaining to rabies transmission and prevention especially those with no or primary level of education (20.9%, n = 27) while participants from Bukedea in the east (PUGR) had remarkedly poor practices towards rabies transmission, prevention, and control (37.8%, n = 114).ConclusionsRabies from sylvatic cycles remains a neglected public health threat in rural communities surrounding national parks and game reserves in Uganda. Our study findings highlight key gaps in knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to rabies transmission and prevention among such communities. Communication and action between veterinary services, wildlife authority, public health teams, social science and community leaders through available community platforms is key in addressing rabies among the sympatric at-risk communities in Uganda.

From invaders to residents: The golden jackal (Canis aureus) expansion in Hungary since the mid-1990s.

The golden jackal has rapidly expanded across Europe in recent decades and was one of the first to reappear in Hungary. Using hunting bag data from the National Game Management Database from 1995 to 2021, we examined the spatial expansion of the species and its population dynamics. Our findings reveal an exponential increase in the golden jackal population since the mid-1990s, with an average annual growth rate of 40% in the hunting bag and an occupancy of 86% of the country. The average speed of the range expansion was 536.9 km2 year-1 until 2007 and increased to an average of 5,289.1 km2 year-1 during the second part of the expansion process. The density of shot golden jackals also shows an increasing trend with a substantial presence of outliers, indicating that nearly 10% of the hunting bag demonstrates exceptionally high numbers, particularly in southwestern Hungary. The spread originated in the southwest and extended towards the northeast and northwest. However, the increase of the hunting bag slowed down and the expansion rate has decreased in the previous two years, leading us to anticipate that the golden jackal population will stabilize soon, as the expansion has reached its maximum in Hungary. This indicates that from the initial settlement to the stabilization of the population, the time span can be two to three decades.

АЛТАЙ ТИЛДЕРИНДЕГИ ОЮНДАРДЫ ЧАГЫЛДЫРГАН ТЕРМИНДЕР

In the article the names of games in Korean with the Turkic languages of the Altai language group in the field of linguoculture, an attempt was made to study the place and position of the Korean language among the Altai languages on the basis of scientific research. The aim was to clarify whether there are terms related to the national games of the peoples speaking the Altai languages and the relationship between the Turkic languages and the Korean language. The article analyzes the content of the games and the language tools used in this game, as well as the main tools. Using the works of scientists who have made a great contribution to the theory of the Altai language, you can achieve significant results if you pay attention to the cultural direction. Therefore, it is necessary to look at the problem not only from a linguistic, but also from a cultural point of view.

Effect of Value-Added Tax (VAT) on the Demand for Tourism Services: Evidence from Tanzania

This study examines the influence of Value-Added Tax (VAT) on the likelihood of tourists visiting Tanzania. The study employed a mixed approach by collecting and analyzing both quantitative and qualitative data. The study applied simple random and judgmental sampling techniques to select 110 respondents from the targeted population. The research used questionnaires, interviews and observation to collect primary data. The study conducted descriptive and regression analysis (binary logit model) to estimate the likelihood of tourists visiting tourist sites in the country. Descriptively, the findings reveal that 83 per cent of the respondents were affected by the high prices charged on tourism services like transport, accommodation and meals. 95 per cent of the respondents perceive the 18 per cent VAT charged on various tourism services as relatively high. The findings imply that a considerable number of visitors are sensitive to the rate of VAT imposed on tourism services. 90 per cent of the respondents were comfortable with the infrastructure in different tourist sites (national parks and game reserves) in the country. 69 per cent of the tourists are attracted to visit Tanzania due to the peace and security status in the country. Moreover, 97 per cent of the tourists visited the country because of environmental conservation and fighting against poaching efforts. As per the findings of the binary logit regression analysis, the study found that VAT, education level, price, infrastructure, peace and security, and destination marketing have significant effects on determining the likelihood of tourists visiting Tanzania.

Using density surface models to assess the ecological effectiveness of a protected area network in Tanzania

AbstractGiven recent global endeavors to increase protected area coverage, it is crucial to comprehensively evaluate the efficacy of various area‐based conservation strategies in effectively reducing biodiversity loss. Here, we investigated the responses of wildlife populations to different protection levels and environmental variables at the landscape scale in the Katavi–Rukwa Ecosystem, western Tanzania. To this end, we conducted line distance sampling surveys and counted the dung of six target mammal species (elephant, giraffe, buffalo, zebra, topi, and hartebeest) along foot transects within areas differing in protection levels (from strict to less‐strictly protected: national park, game reserve, forest reserve, game‐controlled area, and unprotected areas). Based on these dung counts, we modeled the spatial distribution of these six mammal species using a species‐specific density surface modeling framework. We found consistent effects of protection level and land use variables on the spatial distribution of the target mammal species: dung densities were highest in the national park and game reserves, intermediate in less‐strictly protected areas, and lowest in unprotected areas. Beyond species‐specific environmental predictors for dung densities, our results highlight consistent negative associations between dung densities of the target species and distance to cropland and avoidance of areas in proximity to houses. Our findings underpin differences in ecological effectiveness of protected areas within one ecosystem. Protection level and land use play crucial roles in moderating the spatial distribution of all considered mammal species. Our findings suggest that a landscape approach needs to guide effective conservation across the entire protection gradient of the Katavi–Rukwa Ecosystem.

Empirical Study on the Economic Impact of Small and Medium-Sized Sports Events on China's New First-tier Cities

To investigate the impact of medium and large sports events on the economies of first-tier cities in China, this study employs the ordinary least squares method to analyze the relationship between economic growth, the frequency of sports events, and industrial output in six cities—Guangzhou, Nanjing, Jinan, Shenyang, Tianjin, and Xi'an—that hosted events such as the National Games and marathons from 2000 to 2023. The empirical results indicate that the frequency of small and medium-sized sports events, along with factors such as financial and retail industry output, have a positive impact on economic development. Furthermore, due to varying levels of development, the specific industries impacted by sports events differ across cities. This research demonstrated that the rational planning of medium and large sports events can contribute to urban economic development.

A simple, collaborative prioritization process for wildlife-associated zoonotic diseases in northern Tanzania

Background and Aim: Zoonotic diseases are naturally transmissible infections between animals and humans. To address these cross-sectoral health issues holistic, transdisciplinary health approaches are required. The legalization of the game meat trade in Tanzania in 2020 has created a new value chain from wild habitats to registered game meat selling facilities in human settlements, thus creating new human–animal interfaces associated with potential risks of zoonotic disease transmission among wildlife, livestock, and human populations. This study aimed to apply a simple, collaborative prioritization process to identify important zoonotic pathogens associated with wild animal taxa harvested and traded for game meat consumption in northern Tanzania. Materials and Methods: A prioritization process was conducted to identify and rank zoonotic diseases associated with wildlife in the Arusha, Kilimanjaro, and Manyara regions of northern Tanzania to help determine the zoonotic disease risks associated with the game meat value chain. Two districts from each region were selected for this study. The prioritization process was conducted through an expert workshop that involved 41 participants, including a District Veterinary Officer, Public Health Officer, and District Game Officer from each district, as well as national One Health focal persons, zonal Veterinary and Laboratory Officers, scientific researchers, and a representative from the national Game Meat Selling Advisory Committee. Results: Experts identified 11 common zoonotic diseases reported in these regions, of which anthrax, rabies, brucellosis, Rift Valley fever, and bovine tuberculosis were considered the most important. This finding is broadly consistent with the national priority list for zoonotic diseases. Conclusion: This approach was time-efficient and cost-effective. In Tanzania, multi-sectoral planning, communication, and cooperation among human health, domestic animal health, wildlife health, and environmental protection have been strengthened. In the future, we recommend regular exercises using such an approach to update the information on important diseases and promote information sharing for epidemic and pandemic preparedness associated with the wild animal trade. Keywords: epidemic and pandemic, expert opinion, game meat, one health, wildlife, zoonoses.

Quality of Life for the Jordanian National Team Female Players

This research primary aimed at investigating the quality of life for the Jordanian National team’s female players and exploring any significant differences in the quality of life over the following variables: ages, economical level, number of play years, injury level, and the game type. The descriptive approach was used. The sample consisted of 73 female players of the National team games female players (football, basketball, handball, and volleyball). The players completed responding on the athlete life quality scale, prepared by (Gentner et al., 2011) which contains 15 items scale which divided into 5 subscales. The analysis results showed that the players reflected a (slightly satisfied) level at quality of life (mean =5.29). The results also showed that no significant differences were reported in the quality of life subscales according to age, economical level, number of play years and injury level. While significant differences were observed in the game type between the basketball female players from one side and the female players of football and hand ball team game such that the differences were favor of the football and hand ball games .The researchers recommend to essentially follow up female player’s needs of the national Jordanian team games and to take care and attention to the psychology and social needs in an attempt to raise their level quality of life which may help to raise and developed performance level.

The first Ukrainian-American Olympic in 1936 in Philadelphia: memories of the organizers and participants

In the scientific study, an analysis and an attempt to make up for the historically lost time and at least partially return to us the real Ukrainian history of sports and the Olympic movement are carried out. Currently, many pages of the history of Ukrainian sports remain little known. One of them is sports competitions of the Ukrainian diaspora. Their organization required significant efforts, the involvement of specialists, well-known sports and public figures, representatives of state authorities, etc. The symbolic combination of the Olympics of the Ukrainian diaspora with the Olympic Games contributed to the development of the Ukrainian sports and Olympic movement abroad. In September 1936, a grand event in the life of the Ukrainian and American community took place in Philadelphia (USA) - the First Ukrainian-American Olympics or the «First Ukrainian National Games» under the patronage of Ukrainian-American organizations of the city of Philadelphia together with the Ukrainian Catholic League and the American Athletic Union.

Classes of the Kazakh National Sports Togyzkumalak Game - a Factor in the Study of Educational and Cognitive Purposes of Students

Issues related to the study of educational and cognitive motives among primary school students at secondary schools during the classes of the Kazakh national sports Togyzkumalak game are considered. The result of the work is an increase in cognitive activity and academic performance of students.