National Education System Research Articles

Did Pushkin write a review of Baumeister’s <i>Metaphysics</i>?

The article deals with the problem of the authorship attribution of the anonymous review published in Literaturnaya Gazeta on 2 March 1830 in response to a revised edition of the Russian translation of F. C. Baumeister’s Metaphysics [Institutiones Metaphysicae]. The hypothesis that names the author as A. Delvig (V. Vinogradov, S. Kibalnik) is criticized for its lack of proof. The scholar argues in favour of Pushkin’s authorship. The review is considered in the context of Pushkin’s ‘indirect polemic’ with the book’s translator Y. Tolmachev, a prominent figure of the Russian national education system in the 1810s–1820s. Pushkin’s possible authorship is revealed in the stylistic features of the review as well as parallels between the poet’s own works (A Scene from ‘Faust’ [Stsena iz Fausta], Mozart and Salieri [Motsart i Salieri], and the so-called ‘Objections to Küchelbecker’s articles published in Mnemozina’ [‘Vozrazheniya na statyi Kyukhelbekera v Mnemozine’]) and selected paragraphs from Baumeister’s Metaphysics. Nearly all those texts relate to the period of Pushkin’s exile to his Mikhaylovskoe estate, when the poet had the opportunity to familiarize himself with Baumeister’s book.

Analisis Eksistensi Dan Urgensi Hakikat Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan Dalam Kasus Penyalahgunaan Narkotika Di Kalangan Selebritas Indonesia

Drug abuse among celebrities in Indonesia is increasingly widespread, as evidenced by the number of news events both on television, national news websites and even in magazines. Drug abuse among Indonesian celebrities seems to be a place of escape from the problems of the life they live. Of course, drug abuse can be detrimental to oneself, causing negative stigma, loss of work for the celebrity and others, especially if it is done by celebrities who can be a bad example for the community. Celebrities have an influential position in changing people's perspectives and mindsets. Drug abuse is a social problem that can be caused by factors that influence it, one of which is a lack of understanding of civic education. The importance of understanding and learning civic education from elementary school to college can change awake behavior and shape character in accordance with the value of the precepts contained in Pancasila. Civic education can be one part of prevention in some relevant cases, for example drug abuse. This is in line with the importance of civic education which has been explained in the Indonesian Law No.20 of 2003 concerning the national education system, chapter 10 regarding the curriculum, article 37 paragraphs 1 and 2 which explain that Civics Education is one of the lessons that are mandatory in the curriculum of basic education, secondary education to higher education. Character building in civic education will become a habit so that it cannot be influenced by the surrounding environment, so that drug abuse among celebrities only becomes a mere entertainment spectacle by the community and cannot be imitated and only becomes a lesson for bad examples in society.

DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION IN OPEN EDUCATION FOR DIGITAL CITIZENSHIP TRAINING

Digital transformation can be considered as an inevitable process of any organization to serve the increasing demand for creating new values based on innovation, creativity, and effectiveness in accordance with customer experience. In this race, all organizations, large or small, are in the process of implementing, and the more well-prepared, the more competitive advantage they have. Under the pressure of an environment that promotes culture to create new values of products and services, education, especially open education, must improve the quality to meet the needs of society in lifelong learning for the whole population. This article analyses the role of digital transformation in the national education system, the importance of digital transformation for open education in the current period, and the relationship between open education and digital citizenship. On that basis, the author proposes implementing digital transformation in open education to serve digital citizenship training.

Exploring Distributed Leadership and Teacher Efficacy in TS25 Primary Schools, Sarawak

The Malaysian Education Development Plan (PPPM) 2013-2025 Wave 3, spearheaded by the Ministry of Education Malaysia, is geared towards enhancing the nation's education system. This initiative prioritizes elevating educational standards and delivering a comprehensive education to equip students for their future careers. A key focus of this plan is fostering a culture of peer leadership among educators to drive professional excellence. Consequently, this study aims to examine the correlation between distributed leadership and teachers’ efficacy in TS25 primary schools in Sarawak. Data collection involved the use of two instruments: Distributed Leadership Inventory (DLI) and the Teachers’ Sense of Efficacy Scale (TSES). Through stratified random sampling, 254 teachers from TS25 primary schools in the Sarikei district of Sarawak, Malaysia, participated in the study. Analysis reveals a generally positive perception of distributed leadership practices among teachers in these schools. Additionally, while most teachers perceive a moderate level of efficacy, smaller proportions demonstrate either low or high levels of efficacy. The findings from linear regression analysis indicate that distributed leadership significantly predicts teachers' efficacy in TS25 Primary Schools in Sarawak. In summary, this study underscores the significance of distributed leadership in shaping teacher efficacy and school outcomes, emphasizing the importance of collaboration, trust, and positive organizational climates. It underscores the necessity for policymakers, educators, and professional development providers to collaborate in promoting distributed leadership principles and empowering teachers to excel in their roles. This collaboration is crucial for ensuring the delivery of the highest quality education to all students.

Kesiapan Sekolah pada Implementasi Program Merdeka Belajar di Sekolah Menengah Atas Menuju Era Society 5.0

The purpose of this research is to analyse how the readiness of senior high schools in implementing the independent learning program towards the era of society 5.0. The method in this research uses a qualitative literature study with a focus on the discussion of the independent curriculum and the independent learning programme. Data collection techniques were carried out by identifying and analysing literature from 10 national and 5 international journals, as well as independent learning policy guidelines through the Ministry of Education and Culture, state laws and regulations and internet readings. The results of this study formulate how to deal with society 5.0 in education: The government must try to increase equitable development and openness to expand internet connections throughout Indonesia; The government must be able to synchronise education and industry so that later college and school graduates can work in their fields and in accordance with the criteria needed by industry to reduce unemployment in Indonesia in the future. The positive aspects of the independent learning programme are that teachers are more free to be creative in teaching as much as possible and get to know the interests, talents, needs, and abilities of students. Good cooperation between teachers, school administrators, agencies, parents, and other stakeholders in the independent learning programme can accelerate the achievement of the goals of the national education system. Keywords: Social Era 5.0, Independent Learning Curriculum, Senior High School

Peran pemerintah dan masyarakat dalam penyelenggaraan pendidikan: sistematik reviu

This article examines issues related to the role of government and society in the context of education. The main focus of this research is to analyze how the government and society can contribute to advancing the education system, achieving effective educational goals, and improving the quality of education. The aims of this research are 1). Analyzing the government's role in the development and development of the national education system. 2) Identify the government's efforts to improve accessibility, equity, and quality of education. 3) Researching the role of the community in supporting and strengthening the national education system. The method used in this study is a literature review. The author conducted a search for relevant literature through academic sources such as scientific journals, books, research reports and government publications. The data found were then analyzed systematically and categorized based on themes and concepts related to the role of government and society in education. The results of this study indicate that the government has a responsibility to provide quality education, facilitate accessibility, develop relevant curricula, and improve teaching quality. Meanwhile, the community has an active role in supporting education through participation in educational decision making, financial support, and involvement in school activities. Based on the literature review in this study, it can be concluded that collaboration between government and society is very important. Close cooperation is required between the two parties to address various educational challenges. Future research can explore effective strategies and policies to involve the community in educational decision making.

МОВЛЕННЄВА КОМПЕТЕНТНІСТЬ ЯК СКЛАДОВА ПРОФЕСІЙНОЇ ПІДГОТОВКИ МАЙБУТНІХ ПЕДАГОГІВ ПРОФЕСІЙНОГО НАВЧАННЯ

Relevance: The prioritization of developing speech competence in future teachers of vocational education is necessitated by the need to equip learners with competencies for lifelong learning, aligning with the qualification requirements of higher education graduates amidst the reforms in the national higher education system and its integration into the European space. Objective: To substantiate the importance of speech competence as a component of professional training for future teachers of vocational education in higher education institutions. Methods: Analysis, synthesis, and generalization of scientific works and legislative and regulatory documents were used for the theoretical analysis of key concepts of the study, defining the term "speech competence as a component of professional training for future vocational education teachers"; comparison was employed to identify approaches to solving the researched problem; generalization and systematization were used to formulate conclusions and prospects for further research. Results: Analysis of scientific works revealed that the speech competence of future vocational education teachers develops through the integration of the main tenets of linguistic sciences, psychology, and pedagogy. It is hierarchically subordinated to the principles of implementing a competence-based approach in the education system and integrates into the system of key (general) competencies as a distinct component. Speech competence, as defined in the Standard of Higher Education at the Bachelor's level, field of study 01 – "Education / Pedagogy", specialty 015 – "Professional Education (by specializations)" and in educational-professional programs, is determined by specific learning outcomes, mastery of which provides the ability to obtain an educational qualification. The level of speech competence within the system of general competencies for lifelong learning is a guarantee for the systemic further personal and professional development of a vocational education teacher according to the standards and socio-cultural trends. Conclusions: Innovative and European integration development of educational systems, current scientific research in pedagogy and psychology, technological changes, and the digitalization of society require a systemic update of educational content components to effectively develop the speech competence of future vocational education teachers and to ensure their ability to organize and conduct pedagogical activities effectively.

PENGELOLAAN DANA BANTUAN OPERASIONAL SEKOLAH (BOS) DI SEKOLAH MENENGAH ATAS KOTA BANDA ACEH

Developed countries are often characterized by several factors, one of which is education. Education is a state effort to develop physical and spiritual potentials in accordance with societal values. In Indonesia, the government supports education through programs like School Operational Assistance (BOS) to help with education costs as outlined in the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia Number 18 of 2022 concerning Funding of Education Expenses. According to the 2003 National Education System Law, the management of education funds must follow the principles of fairness, efficiency, transparency, and public accountability. Therefore, both the government and the community must manage education funds transparently and accountable so the public can see the utilization of school funds. This study aims to determine the effect of accountability and transparency on the BOS funds management in senior high schools in Banda Aceh City. This quantitative research involved all 17 high schools in Banda Aceh City, using a saturated sampling technique through questionnaires. The results indicate that accountability significantly influences the management of BOS funds in these schools and that the implementation has been effective.

Societal Resilience as Intangible Critical Infrastructure

The concept of societal resilience – the central concept of the National Defence Strategy – is, to a certain degree, not only semantically, but especially pragmatically ambiguous, as the concept has not been operationalised in the literature, on the one hand, and the state societal resilience, implementable through formal, non-formal and informal education, has not benefitted from adequate levers for application, on the other hand. The recent educational reform, achieved through the two laws, on pre-university education and on higher education, adopted in 2023, does not directly contribute to societal resilience. Under these circumstances, of an inadequately designed security education and of a pragmatic ambiguity of the strategy, which means that the communication intentions (obligation, recommendation, suggestion) are not clarified, it is necessary to exceed the classical normative framework that regulates the national educational system and to design the education-resilience binomial as critical national infrastructure. Resilience, coming from the field of safety culture studies, can be considered intangible critical infrastructure, which needs a tangible system defined or possibly defined in the Romanian legislation regarding critical infrastructure, so that it can trigger the mechanism for implementing the projection of the National Defence Strategy. The present article contributes to the identification of possible projective directions of the education-resilience binomial as critical infrastructure.

Reziliența societală ca infrastructură critică intangibilă

The concept of societal resilience – the central concept of the National Defence Strategy – is, to a certain degree, not only semantically, but especially pragmatically ambiguous, as the concept has not been operationalised in the literature, on the one hand, and the state societal resilience, implementable through formal, non-formal and informal education, has not benefitted from adequate levers for application, on the other hand. The recent educational reform, achieved through the two laws, on pre-university education and on higher education, adopted in 2023, does not directly contribute to societal resilience. Under these circumstances, of an inadequately designed security education and of a pragmatic ambiguity of the strategy, which means that the communication intentions (obligation, recommendation, suggestion) are not clarified, it is necessary to exceed the classical normative framework that regulates the national educational system and to design the education-resilience binomial as critical national infrastructure. Resilience, coming from the field of safety culture studies, can be considered intangible critical infrastructure, which needs a tangible system defined or possibly defined in the Romanian legislation regarding critical infrastructure, so that it can trigger the mechanism for implementing the projection of the National Defence Strategy. The present article contributes to the identification of possible projective directions of the education-resilience binomial as critical infrastructure.

Konsep Kurikulum Merdeka Dalam Pendidikan

At the National Teacher's Day commemoration event in 2019 the Minister of Education and Culture or the Ministry of Education and Culture initiated the concept of "Free Learning Education". This concept is a response to the needs of the education system in the era of the industrial revolution 4.0, Minister Nadiem Makarim said that freedom to learn is freedom to think, freedom to think is determined by the teacher, so the main key that supports the new education system is the teacher, where the teacher is tasked with shaping the future. front of the nation. The concept of Freedom to Learn is no longer an idea but rather a policy that will be implemented. Freedom to learn is a word that is often interpreted and explained as freedom in its true sense. The point of the problem is that there are still restrictions everywhere, especially in education, educators and students cannot feel sufficient autonomy to determine the direction of policy in learning and teaching because they are still regulated by regulations which make the implementation and evaluation process plans carried out seem limited and tie. The concept of Freedom of Learning is an agreement in reconstructing the national education system, by reorganizing the education system in order to support the progress of change and progress of a nation that adapts to changing times.

Kedudukan Pendidikan Islam dalam Sistem Pendidikan Nasional

Islamic education holds a significant position within a nation's national education system. This article aims to explore the position of Islamic education within the national education system context using the literature review method. Data were obtained through literature searches from various reliable sources such as scholarly journals, textbooks, and relevant official publications. Data analysis was conducted by identifying and summarizing the main findings from literature relevant to the topic. The results indicate that Islamic education has a significant impact on shaping the character, morality, and religious identity of students. Values such as justice, tolerance, and compassion taught in Islamic education play a key role in building a civilized and sustainable society. The implications of this literature review underscore the importance of strengthening the role of Islamic education in supporting national educational goals and ensuring the integration of Islamic values into educational curricula. Furthermore, the literature also highlights the need for intercultural and interreligious dialogue encouraged by Islamic education to create a more inclusive and harmonious society. This research contributes to expanding understanding of the importance of Islamic education within the national education system and highlights the challenges and opportunities in implementing Islamic values in the context of modern education.

Factors Influencing on Job Satisfaction of Secondary School Teachers in Karachi Pakistan

Teachers are role models for their students and considered an asset of any nation's educational system because of their impact on students' personal and intellectual development. The objective of this research is to examine the perspectives of public secondary school teachers in district central Karachi regarding their level of job satisfaction through a simple survey technique. 120 secondary school teachers, including 50 male and 70 female teachers, were selected using simple random sampling. In terms of frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations, the data were analyzed using descriptive technique. The results revealed that at the secondary level, teachers were found to be extremely motivated and satisfied for their teaching practices. However, they required a higher level of job satisfaction regarding advantages and benefits, followed by working conditions and physical facilities. The study suggested that pay and benefits, working conditions, and physical facilities should be a priority of administration and policymakers for enhancing teachers' job satisfaction, which ultimately enhances teaching /learning and quality of education.

Impact of specific features of national quality assurance and higher education systems in the overall quality of higher education—A comparative analysis

AbstractOur study uses a qualitative comparative analysis method in order to assess the impact of national accreditation schemes and also other relevant features of the higher education systems of 20 OECD countries on quality of the higher education sector measured by world rankings of national higher education systems. The analysis shows that higher education systems with accreditation system focused mainly on inputs, lacking involvement of professionals in the accreditation process, having a single body granting accreditation for the respective type of institution or degree, not having English as an official language, and not allowing public universities to charge tuition fees do worse in the higher education system rankings.

Pengaruh ekstrakurikuler kepramukaan terhadap kedisiplinan peserta didik sekolah dasar di Kecamatan Laweyan

One of the factors that affect student discipline is the habituation to be disciplined. Schools can apply or instill discipline habituation through extracurricular activities. Scout extracurricular is one of the activities that can support character education and the formation of children's discipline. Scouts have a very important role in the process of character building, values, discipline and responsibility in accordance with article 3 of Law No. 20 of 2003 concerning the National Education System (National Education System). The research was carried out at SDN Mangkubumen Kidul No 16 Surakarta as an instrument trial, SDN Mangkubumen Lor No 15 Surakarta, SDN Bratan 2, and SDN Bratan 3 in January 2023 – January 2024. The research approach used is a quantitative approach in the form of an associative problem formulation of causal relationships. The sampling technique in this study uses probability sampling, namely Cluster random sampling. The data collection technique uses a Likert scale questionnaire with closed statements. The instrument validity test in this study uses content validity with the Gregory formula and reliability test using the Alpha Cronbach formula. The normality test in this study used the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and the linearity test using the test of linearity. The hypothesis testing techniques used in this study are simple regression analysis including correlation analysis, meaningfulness test, and coefficient of determination. The result of the correlation coefficient between extracurricular scouting and student discipline is 0.635 and is classified as a strong correlation. The results of the significance test obtained > results so that it can be concluded that there is a positive and significant influence between extracurricular scouting on student discipline and the contribution of scouting extracurricular influence on student discipline by 40.3% while 59.7% is influenced by other factors that were not studied in this study.

Impact of Education on Labor Market Wages in Türkiye

Türkiye’s national education system has undergone significant changes in the last 30 years. The extension of mandatory schooling to eight years in 1997 and the requirement for secondary education in 2012 are significant policy changes that aimed to improve educational attainment in the country. This paper focuses on the impact of 1997 education reform on individual’s earnings. As the paper suggests, the cohort born after 1986, who benefited from the 1997 education reform, experienced higher returns to education, which is reflected in their earnings compared to those born before 1986 with the same level of education and experience. In addition, the impact is greater in females compared to males.

Peran Kurikulum Muatan Lokal dalam Pembangunan Karakter Bangsa

Education plays an important role in shaping the character and identity of a nation. This article discusses how the local content curriculum serves to inject local values, ethics and morality into the learning process. By focusing on cultural identity and local values, local content education helps shape students' character and identity. In addition, the article discusses the difficulties and prospects for incorporating local content education into the national education system, and provides thoughts on how local content education can serve as a key pillar in the nation's character building.

БОЛАШАҚ ПЕДАГОГТАРДЫ КӘСІБИ ДАЯРЛАУДА САПАЛЫҚ ДАҒДЫЛАРЫН ДАМЫТУДЫҢ ПСИХОЛОГИЯЛЫҚ ТИІМДІЛІГІ

The article is based on the system of professional training of future teachers in higher educational institutions of the country. Today, an independent country is a country that determines the possibilities of future development, taking into account modern processes, technologies that provide its own system, model and quality of national education. Kazakhstan as a sovereign state, the signing of the Lisbon Declaration and participation in the Bologna process, etc. reflect its place in the global educational space. This circumstance contributes to the intensive development of the higher education system, taking into account the socio-cultural interests of our state and global educational processes that determine the quality and technological achievements in higher education. It is obvious that one of the urgent problems of pedagogical science and best practices is to identify priority areas for improving the upbringing and education of the free generation that has crossed the threshold of the XXI century. In the system of professional training of future teachers, their qualitative skills should correspond to social processes. Due to the transition of an independent country to a market economy in accordance with the changing requirements of the time, the main criteria of competitiveness oblige future teachers to have modern qualities along with knowledge, knowledge, business skills. In this regard, the article formulates the relevance and positions, features and rationality of the development of qualitative skills in the system of professional training of future teachers based on scientific analysis.

Higher education in a changing world: Strategic, diversified, fair, efficient, and sustainable

Subject. The article considers the public policy in the field of higher education, in the context of profound changes in the world. Objectives. The study aims to analyze processes of forming the educational ecosystem at the national and international level. Methods. The study employs general scientific research methods. Results. The key strategic areas for improving the efficiency of higher education are related to targeted funding, quality of teaching, and human resource (talent) management. Conclusions. The effectiveness of national higher education systems is determined by the ability to use available resources to achieve the development goals of the society.

Innovative Basics of Studying Fables in Kyrgyz Literature Lessons

An analysis of scientific and methodological works on teaching fables in secondary schools showed that the problem of studying the fable genre within the discipline “Kyrgyz literature” on a competency-based basis in accordance with the requirements of the national education system of Kyrgyzstan remains a subject of debate. The solution to the above situation determined the problematic nature of our research. It has not been possible to note any fundamental changes in the methodology of teaching primary schoolchildren to read fables in recent years: in the educational process in primary grades, the possibilities of fables as a genre of didactic literature are traditionally and still mainly used. The purpose of this study is to show some innovative methods of studying fables in school during Kyrgyz literature lessons. The work shows the modern goals of studying fables on the basis of competences in the named subject and reveals the effectiveness of the illustrated methods of studying fables in primary school on a competence basis. Currently, special attention is paid to raising an educated, moral student based on person-centered education. Studying fables at school has great educational value. Fables contain rich material that, through the power of artistic language, can influence the emotional sphere of a child and instill in him high moral qualities.