Competitiveness Of National Economy Research Articles

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ БРЕНДИНГУ ЯК МЕТОДУ ПІДВИЩЕННЯ КОНКУРЕНТОСПРОМОЖНОСТІ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ КРАЇНИ

In the article investigational one of methods of providing of competitiveness of products and competitiveness of national economy – brending and his use in marketings researches. The peculiarities of the application of the concept of branding in the national economy of Ukraine, which embody various sources of increasing the competitiveness of goods and contribute to the development of various sectors of the national economy of our country, are analyzed. The development of the Ukrainian brand paradigm, the implementation of its theoretical and methodological foundations in the practice of national production, expanding the boundaries of branding of goods and services in organizations, territories, including the formation of the national brand "Ukraine" will help build a strong and economically independent state. The features of application of conception of brending are analysed in the national economy of Ukraine, which incarnate in itself the different sources of increase of competitiveness of commodities and instrumental in development of different industries of national economy of our country. The influence of the specifics of purchasing behavior of Ukrainians and the peculiarities of the application of the concept of branding in the domestic market is determined. The main tasks of branding for Ukrainian companies are defined, such as aggressive growth of the brand in order to get closer to the main competitors; steady growth of brand knowledge; development of the existing platform; improving brand visualization, the use of creative approaches in communication; expanding the base of loyal and regular consumers. The main barriers to the development of domestic brands and branding in Ukraine in accordance with the needs of the national market and the domestic economy are studied. It is stated and substantiated that an important barrier to restraining the development of the branding process in Ukraine is legal, which is caused by the existence of complex and lengthy legal procedures for registration of legal rights of trademark owners, trademarks, individual creative components of the brand. The organizational barrier hinders the effective creation, development and promotion of brands, there are also psychological motives for denying the brand and its benefits, which also systematically hinders the branding process in Ukraine.

International Structural Competitiveness and the Hierarchy in the World Economy

The aim of this paper is to determine the level of competitiveness of national economies and their resulting hierarchy in the world economy. Based on the assumption that there is a structural relationship between the competitiveness of a national economy and the level of its economic development, we identify the main structural factors of international competitiveness. These factors are the degree of diversification of the productive structure of a national economy and the strength of its domestic sectoral productive linkages—which are both related to the level of industrial and technological development and the technological structure of exports. The Technologically Advanced Domestic Value Added in Exports, which condenses the above structural factors, is proposed as a measure of the level of competitiveness of national economies. This measure is implemented in order to determine the hierarchical position of 43 economies in terms of their international competitiveness. In addition, another measure of international competitiveness, the Economic Complexity Index, is examined and tested. When comparing the examined economies’ hierarchical positions obtained by using the two measures, a high correlation and a strong positive linear relationship between them is revealed.

Commercialization of intellectual property: innovative impact on global competitiveness of national economies

This paper investigates the role of intellectual property in the modern post-industrial economy and its intensive commercialization of the country's competitive advantages in the global economic environment. The main purpose of the research is to prove the hypothesis about the crucial role of intellectual property development in ensuring expanded public reproduction and facilitating the global competitiveness of national economies through innovative modernization of production. To gain the research aim, the authors used a combination of theoretical synthesis and comprehensive statistical analysis. The study follows a deductive approach and theoretical background analysis followed by quantitative research of statistical data. It allowed arriving essential conclusions concerning the role of intellectual property in strengthening the global competitiveness of the national economy and practical policy implications regarding stimulating intellectual property commercialization within the national economy. Paper investigates transmission mechanisms that represent the impact of intensive commercialization of intellectual property on public reproduction and competitiveness of the national economy. Commercialization of intellectual property, defined as a range of activities envisaged for rapid implementation of intellectual activity, resulted in economic turnover to obtain strategic competitive advantages and generate economic profit supported by the transformation of intellectual property into intellectual capital used for the manufacturing of innovative, highly marginal products. Comprehensive statistical data analysis was conducted using quantitative methods (cluster analysis and principal components analysis). The findings proved the key role of intellectual property in the modern system of public reproduction. They demonstrated the multiplicative impact of intellectual property development on a country's competitive global economic environment. Obtained research results provided the basis for policy implications concerning the development of commercialization of intellectual property and stimulation of expanded reproduction of intellectual capital in Ukraine as a precondition of innovative modernization of national industries and acquiring strategic competitive advantages in a globalized market.

Improving the competitiveness of post-Soviet integrated national economies

The subject of this research is the international competitiveness of post-Soviet national economies, within the framework of a new integration association in the post-Soviet space – the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). In the context of studying the competitiveness of the member-states of international regional integration associations, the authors analyze and conditionally divide the scientific and theoretical reserve of Russian and foreign scholars into several key vectors of research. The article formulates the approaches towards assessing the impact of integration processes upon the competitiveness of national economies of the EAEU member-states. For the analysis of competitiveness of the participant countries in the integration alliance, the authors applied the methodology of the Global Competitiveness Index of the World Economic Forum. The competitiveness of participant countries of the alliance was examined in accordance with the eight main criteria: the effectiveness of state institutions, infrastructure, the level of macroeconomic stability, development of financial markets, effectiveness of goods and services market, effectiveness of the job market, development of human capital, and assessment of innovation activity. The conclusion is made that all the countries participating in post-Soviet integration association indicate positive dynamics in their international competitiveness, although its level differs considerably. The approach towards assessing the impact of integration upon the competitiveness is formulated. It is noted that the achievement of higher level of competitiveness is impeded by macroeconomic instability of the national economies of post-Soviet space. Recommendations are given in the formation of their competitive advantages within the framework of the integration union.

Potential of environmental responsibility and financial potential of innovative mechanical engineering enterprises in Ukraine

In the era of sustainable economy, the environmental responsible companies provide an important background both for particular industry and national economy competitiveness. In particular, mechanical engineering plays an important role in the economy of Ukraine. In accordance with national statistic, the Ukrainian mechanical engineering provides 6.4 % in total volume of industrial products and ~4 % of the gross value added in the GDP of Ukraine. At the same time, the global mechanical engineering industry environmental friendly activity is related to SDG 9 and SDG 12. In March 2020, the Cabinet of Ministers adopted its Programme, reaffirming the commitment to the SDGs and their importance for Ukrainian economy development. Thereby, research problem lays upon the financial potential of innovative mechanical engineering enterprises in Ukraine providing the background to increase the potential of their environmental responsibility. The paper aims to provide scientific support on mechanical engineering industry representatives that tend to be environmental friendly. The research methodology is based on Ukrainian mechanical engineering enterprises data (5 years and 337 industry representatives) processed by statistical analysis. The financial and environmental indicators are represented in results section on the basis for six groups of mechanical engineering enterprises’ analysis, namely: big unstable – 16; big stable – 17; medium unstable – 44; medium stable - 26; small unstable – 188; small stable – 46. Thus, the environmental dimension is increasingly taken into account by Ukrainian innovative mechanical engineering enterprises to be competitive. Big and medium stable enterprises are organizationally oriented to be environmentally sustainable. The main disadvantage of big and medium unstable enterprises is lack of financial resources for achieving sustainable goals. Small enterprises are lack of general capacity to conduct environmental support policy, but they are the most flexible ones that provide advantages in environmental management. The study results can be used within industrial and business programs of environmental responsible activity and its financial support. In relation to other branches or countries, more extensive study is required.

ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ УЧЕТНО-АНАЛИТИЧЕСКОЙ СРЕДЫ ИННОВАЦИОННОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ

Today we can talk about the increasing role of innovation processes in increasing the competitiveness of national economies, since statistics show that in advanced economies, innovations account for up to 80% of GDP. The article examines the essence of innovation processes, as well as the accounting and analytical environment of innovation in order to increase the competitiveness of business.

ПОЛІТИКА СУВЕРЕНІЗМУ ЗА УМОВ ПАНДЕМІЇ COVID-19: УНІФІКАЦІЯ VS ДИФЕРЕНЦІАЦІЯ

Globalization, which became widespread in the late twentieth – early twenty-first century, has led to large-scale changes associated with deepening the interdependence of national economies and their interpenetration, the formation of international industrial complexes beyond national borders, weakening the ability of nations to form independent economic policies. intensification of the movement of goods, capital, labor resources, the creation of institutions of interstate regulation of global problems, the attraction of the world economy to common standards, values, principles of operation based on the ideas of universalism. Universalism recognizes freedom and justice as more important values. Instead, sovereignty, which spread as a fundamental current at the beginning of the XXI century, is opposed to international law and emphasizes that the national interests of states are more important than the ideals of civilization (the interests of mankind). The article aims are to deepen the theoretical understanding of the processes of strengthening sovereignty in response to the global pandemic COVID-19 because the state’s membership in any supranational association directly affects its sovereignty in its classical sense. The basis of the research methodology is a scientific description and logical-deductive approach, illustrated by empirical cases from around the world. Data from statistical organizations, including the United Nations, the World Health Organization, the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, the Council of the European Union, and national health institutions from different countries of the world, were used to analyze the progress of the COVID-19 pandemic and the response of national economies to its effects, as well as analytical reports of the World Economic Forum and the countries of the world, including the countries of the European Union and Ukraine. The study found that there is a continuing confrontation in the world between the spread of sovereignty and the ideas of globalism in the current pandemic and only time will tell which of these theories will eventually gain dominance as a policy. However, according to the results of the study, the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic is largely due to the development of globalization, the openness of world economies, as well as the growing competitiveness of national economies.

Digital Transformation Modelling in the Context of Slowbalization

The article studies modern concepts and theories of digital transformation of society, analyzes structural changes in the economy during the fourth industrial revolution, presents different views of experts on the expected positive results of Industry 4.0 in the context of globalization. The authors suggest models and correlate increment rate dynamics with the information globalization index in the world and individual countries, and identify trends in the development of digital transformation in the context of slowbalization. The study considers possible consequences and risks of Industry 4.0 and ways to level them, outlines the priority areas of digital transformation to ensure high competitiveness of national economies in the period of slowbalization.

Digital innovations in taxation: bibliometric analysis

Active development of digitalization processes worldwide is changing the usual mode of the operation of all areas of human activity. These processes have a special impact on the development of economic systems. The introduction of new information technologies in economic relations today is the norm and objectively necessary to ensure the competitiveness of national economies. Up to date, the outlined technologies play an essential role in reforming tax systems, which determines the relevance of this sphere of research considering the potential of digitalization and its application in this area. The purpose of the article is to conduct a bibliographic analysis of the state of research papers in the digitalization of tax systems and establish current trends in the scientific development of this system. The systematization of scientific sources and approaches to solving the taxation digitalization problem showed the lack of scientific papers in this area. Accordingly, the urgency of solving this situation is to conduct new research in this area to deepen the understanding of current trends in introducing new innovative technologies from the theoretical, methodological, and practical points of view. The methodical toolkit of the study was the methods of bibliographic and comparative analysis. As the information base to conduct research, the Scopus database was used. The empirical study was conducted using a bibliometric approach known as «the common words analysis» using the VOSviewer software. The analysis of the relevance of the study of taxes and digitalization as a separate scientific category was conducted. It was determined that for the last five years, there had been a significant growth of scientific research in digitalization as an objective process of reality, the analysis of which is studied within various sciences. The categorial relationship between keywords found in scientific papers, where the words «taxes» and «digitalization» are met, is analysed within the article. It made it possible to identify the following areas of research, within which the issues of digitalization of the tax system were studied individually: works related to the study of peculiarities of the international trade development, taxation in online trade; research papers, within which the taxation issues of business entities that do not have a physical location in the countries where they operate are studied; articles, which study the issues of enterprise management, the development of enterprise management in the digital age; papers, which analyse `the issues of reforming tax systems, the introduction of innovations to improve their functioning.

Technology transfer as the main component to ensure an innovative model of Ukraine’s development

The article examines the state of innovation activity and technology transfer in Ukraine on the basis of international ratings evaluating the innovation potential and innovation capacity, the results of the audit of available technologies and scientific and technical (experimental) developments created over the past ten years by higher educational institutions of Ukraine, scientific institutions, enterprises, institutions and organizations and other annual monitoring studies carried out by the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine. An analysis of the number and volume of technologies and/or their components transferred by institutions of higher education and scientific institutions in 2014-2020, according to the concluded agreements on technology transfer, as well as the possible dynamics of the technology transfer sphere in Ukraine are predicted. In addition, the article presents the results of a survey of business representatives on innovation activities and current needs in domestic research and development, as well as the proposed directions of action, which, in their opinion, can improve the level of implementation of Ukrainian technologies and scientific developments in the real sector of the economy. Also, the results of audit of technologies developed during last ten years by higher educational institutions, scientific institutions, enterprises and organizations of different spheres of management, which are ready for implementation, are presented. On the basis of comparison of demands of business and available technologies the steps necessary for stimulation of activity in sphere of transfer of technologies, increase of levels of commercialization of technologies, maintenance of technological updating and increase of competitiveness of national economy are defined, and also offers of the organizations-developers on state assistance to commercialization of existing technologies and workings out are presented. This information will contribute to the understanding of necessary further political decisions determining the ways and vector of changes in the technological development of society, as well as the directions of future scientific and technological research and innovation activities, and the development of effective scientific and innovation policy in Ukraine.

SMART POWER NETWORKS FOR INCREASING THE COMPETITIVENESS OF THE NATIONAL ECONOMY

The article deals with the essence of the national economy competitiveness concept, as well as factors influencing its level, among which an important place is occupied by energy efficiency of the state. Theoretical aspects of the smart grids development are considered, the expediency of their implementation in the context of the national economy competitiveness level increasing is established. A study by reports from the European Commission and the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe has shown that the introduction and deployment of smart grids is one of the priority thematic areas in the implementation of the Trans-European Energy Networks concept. Their use will help to integrate renewable energy sources, optimize the energy market and increase the level of self-regulation of energy use by consumers, as well as to implement the main directions of sustainable development, which today has become an urgent requirement around the world. The ability of smart grids to generate supply and demand information is analyzed, which is important for the integration of an increasing number of renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind energy, while maintaining the stability and efficiency of the energy system. To ensure the effective operation of the network, it is necessary to form a vision and organize the further deployment of technology platforms, as well as to integrate intelligent network applications that will support this vision. The article also examines the functional characteristics of smart grids, the benefits of their use, as well as the main issues related to their use. It is established that the main shortcomings of the smart grids introduction are insufficient confidentiality of customers and the level of information security, as well as network instability and lack of flexibility. The functions of smart grids are grouped according to separate paragraphs, their significance for consumers, investors, environment and competitiveness of the national economy is analyzed. In particular, it is determined that they are more intelligent, decentralized and sustainable than modern networks, and their use will improve the economic efficiency, investment attractiveness and sustainable development.

Impact of Financial R&D Resource Allocation Efficiency Based on VR Technology and Machine Learning in Complex Systems on Total Factor Productivity

With the development of the globalization of science and technology, innovation has become an important driving force for regional economic development. As a core element of regional innovation, financial R&D resources have also become a key element to enhance national innovation capabilities and national economic competitiveness. National and regional innovation capabilities have a direct impact. There are also many deep-seated problems behind the world-renowned achievements, such as irrational industrial structure, insufficient independent innovation capabilities, low resource utilization efficiency, and the service quality and efficiency of financial institutions for the transformation of total factor productivity. These problems extremely restrict the efficiency upgrade and further development of our country’s total factor productivity. This study uses the DEA-Malmquist index model to measure the efficiency of fiscal R&D resource allocation in 28 provinces and regions in China in the past 10 years and uses Mapinfo12.0 software to analyze regional differences in the efficiency of fiscal R&D resource allocation in China from a spatial perspective. During the year, the overall R&D resource allocation efficiency of 28 provinces and autonomous regions in China has shown an upward trend. The efficiency of fiscal R&D resource allocation and the concentration of financial factors have had a positive impact on total factor productivity, transform and upgrade factors, increase total factor productivity, and provide empirical evidence for building a strong country.

INFLUENCE OF INDUSTRY 4.0 ON THE COMPETITIVENESS OF THE NATIONAL ECONOMY

The article examines the impact of Industry 4.0 on the competitiveness of the national economy. The authors identified the features of Industry 4.0 and the consequences of the production of its technologies by economic entities. The sphere of influence and global application are the main differences. The main opportunities and risks for the national economy associated with the introduction of technology Industry 4.0 are determined. In particular, the main opportunities are the development of industry, the activation and simplification of the relationship, the spread of cooperation, increasing the competitiveness of production and countries, improving the environmental friendliness of production. The main threats and risks are the increase in unemployment, political and economic instability, legislative risk, as well as the excessive growth of costs for the development and implementation of the latest technologies that may exacerbate countries' dependence on financial donors. For the purpose of thorough analysis, countries, that were selected, are divided into four groups depending on their degree of readiness to introduce the new technologies: leading countries (China, USA, Germany, France, Japan and South Korea); countries that are ready to introduce new technologies (India and Russia); countries with high potential (Australia and Ukraine); countries where the transition is just beginning (Brazil, South Africa and Saudi Arabia). The features of the implementation of the main provisions of the concept of Industry 4.0 in these groups of countries and their impact on the competitiveness of national economies are determined. The factor analysis showed a significant degree of influence of foreign direct investment, the amount of funding for research, development and other factors of innovative development on the volume of gross domestic product produced by the analyzed groups of countries. The main barriers to the implementation of Industry 4.0 technologies in national production such as the insufficient funding, lack of involvement of small and medium-sized businesses, lack of appropriate capacities and skilled labor, government strategies were identified. These barriers are inherent mainly for the countries of the fourth group. To increase the efficiency of introducing Industry 4.0 technologies, were determined the driving forces, taking into account the specifics of the economic development of each of the groups of the analyzed countries. Implementation of a number of measures on the basis of identifying obstacles to the use of innovative technologies in the national economy of Ukraine are proposed, in particular: enhancing the interaction of stakeholders and the state, developing the latest programs, initiatives and development strategies; increased government funding for the IT sector; deepening integration into existing EU innovation development programs; reforming the mechanism for protecting intellectual property rights in Ukraine; digitalization of basic sectors of industry and infrastructure, and more.

Success Factors of Startups in the EU—A Comparative Study

The paper focuses on key success factors of startups in the European Union. Startup companies have a massive potential to boost the level of innovation and competitiveness of national economies. They are also uniquely equipped to provide extremely effective and flexible ways of meeting both existing and emerging market needs. However, the development of these microventures differs from country to country. Hence, we put forth a hypothesis that strategic success factors in the development of startups vary in highly developed and catching-up countries. Our main goal was to determine the key success factors of startups in the EU, and to classify the gap between developed and lagging Member States. For this purpose, we applied the method of component analysis on startup data available for selected the EU states. We managed to isolate 5 components explaining 72% of data variability, all of which can be linked to human capital as well as to formal and informal economic institutions. The results confirmed the validity of our hypothesis. We established that more developed countries offer an institutional competitive advantage to startups, while the gap in success factors between highly developed and catching-up countries can be attributed to human capital and to institutions. Based on our findings, we offer suggestions how to reduce this gap by improving formal and informal institutions via innovative public policy and by supporting education.

«TRADE TERMS» EFFECT ON THE UKRAINIAN PAYMENT BALANCE STATE

Abstract. The «trade terms» effect as one of the main factors which causes the loss of Ukraine’s income from foreign trade is considered in the research paper. Quantitative assessment calculation of the Ukrainian economy losses gives rather obvious idea of the «trade terms» deterioration and export purchasing power decreasing; namely, it outlines the scale of the Ukrainian economy losses from foreign economic relations. For a long period of time, starting from the beginning of the 2010s, there was the tendency in the world market for outstripping growth in prices for imported by Ukraine finished products compared to the prices of the most of its exported raw materials. So, the annual weight average exported goods price increase for 2015—2019 is 2,7%, while for similar products it is 11,0%. The unstable situation in the trading partner countries led to significant export prices’ decreasing, which had adverse effect on the export’s dynamics. As a result, the «trade terms» have sharply worsened over the years. The amounts of economic losses from the price factor for 2015—2019 are established in the economy as a whole, they are from 74,7% to 202,6% of the goods balance. The outstripping import prices’ growth, which reflects the foreign trade conditions deterioration, creates the opportunity to export more for the same volume of import paying. The adverse effects for Ukraine from participation in the international labor division and exchange are evident in the relative slump in raw materials goods prices, «trade terms» deterioration and they are observed with some deviations during the past decades. Residents’ financial losses are especially significant under the main export goods—cereals and metallurgy products trading. The accelerated export development and the corresponding export quota increasing are primarily associated with the need to compensate the payments increasing for import of fuel, energy and consumer goods. The necessity of reducing state financial support to traditional sectors which have lost their comparative advantage is substantiated for promising sectors which provide the opportunity of the national economy competitiveness increasing. Keywords: trade terms, export, import, payment balance, foreign trade balance. JEL Classification G21, G28, G31 Formulas: 1; fig.: 2; tabl.: 4; bibl.: 14.

TRANSVERSAL COMPETENCIES OF INNOVATIVE ENTREPRENEURSHIP PROFESSIONALS IN LIFELONG EDUCATION

For the effective development of Ukraine in the conditions of global changes (political, economic, social, educational) the priority should be transition to a new economy – knowledge economy. The basis of knowledge economy will be the professional development of specialists in innovative business structures through lifelong learning, in particular formation of their transversal competencies. These qualitatively new specialists will be able to ensure the transition of companies to innovative forms of organization of production activities. The purpose of the article is to reveal the importance of transversal competencies formation among specialists of innovative business structures in lifelong learning to ensure competitiveness of Ukrainian companies at the international level. Methodology. To achieve the goal, general scientific and special research methods were used: comparative analysis and generalization – to study the international experience of innovative business structures; synthesis of theoretical and empirical data – to characterize Ukrainian companies according to the innovation index; structural-functional and system analysis – to study the features of knowledge economy and form hard, soft and business skills. Results. In formation of business structures, Ukraine still uses traditional criteria, while in the world there are innovative approaches – companies "gazelles", clusters, etc. Characteristic features and problems of gazelle companies functioning are analyzed, in particular concerning the personnel component. It is proposed to consider successful enterprises as centers of new economic zones, around which related enterprises, promotion infrastructure, clusters should be purposefully built. It is determined that national economic competitiveness is associated with knowledge and innovation driven capital. Two approaches to the management of business structures are analyzed. The first is based on implementation of subject-subject relationships, development of innovative transversal competencies in order to expand managers' “breadth of management skills" through LLL-education. The second is the experience of innovative enterprises, where management is transformed into information management with its inherent impersonal post / non / management. Formation of the phenomenon of transversal competencies on the basis of LLL-education is analyzed. This is ensured by changes in hard skills, acquisition of new soft skills and integrated business skills, which contributes to the creation of a new generation of professionals. It is determined that business skills are integrated from soft skills, which accumulate intellectual property knowledge, investment and financial literacy, sales skills, presentations and business negotiations, event management, project management, people, their work and time, etc. Emphasis is placed on the importance of forming knowledge economy based on the intellectual potential of society, in which the main levers are the processes of accumulation and use of information and its transformation into knowledge, which depends on the economic progress of the country. It is determined that on the basis of formation of scientific and educational clusters, introduction of crowd technologies, crowdsourcing in education during life the professional development of experts of innovative business structures will be provided. Practical importance. The results of the research can be used in the creation of training programs, retraining, reskilling and changing types of work in the modern production space, which include provisions of knowledge economy for professional development of innovative business structures through lifelong learning. The basic postulates of research can be useful for managers whose companies implement innovative approaches to management, the latest technologies in production activities and promote mobility in retraining in accordance with sociel needs. Correlation/ originality. Conclusions reached will help economists, politologists, social scientists and LLL learning educators to understand the importance of innovative concepts in development business structures and formation transverse competencies based on hard, soft and business skills.

INSTITUONAL CONDITIONS AND PROBLEMS OF DIGITALIZATION OF THE ECONOMY OF BELARUS

В статье рассматриваются условия и факторы развития цифровой экономики в Беларуси. Отмечается, что использование современных информационных технологий является одним из важнейших факторов экономического роста и повышения конкурентоспособности национальных экономик. В Беларуси успешно складываются нормативно-правовые и инфраструктурные предпосылки для развития цифровой экономики. Однако преобладание четвертого технологического уклада, отсутствие системности в цифровизации экономики, достаточного количества квалифицированных кадров и другие проблемы ограничивают и не позволяют в полной мере использовать потенциал цифровых технологий.

Clusterization of the Economic Space as a Factor in the Growth of the National Economy Competitiveness

The paper is dedicated to the study of the features of cluster development in Russia. The methodological base of the study includes a set of concepts and theories of special organization of the economy, cluster development concept, theories of network economy and open innovations. We have proved that economy clusterization is a mechanism of efficient productional, science and technological and innovative cooperation of real economy sector enterprises in conditions of strategical tasks of its competitiveness increase. The analysis of the stages of cluster development allowed us to ascertain the initial level of the process being considered under the progressive dynamics of the main functional indicators and increase of business motivation to the economic interaction. There were singled out the main factors of cooperation inside clusters for Russian conditions. We have presented a review of the key directions and events of national economy clusterization. Decentralization of cluster development management contributes to the strengthening of regional economic systems and active advancement of regional cluster initiatives. The creation of digital intracluster interaction platforms in the regions of presence is proposed. It has been noted that to stimulate the process of continuous innovation in clusters of state subsidies allocated to date, it is not enough. The practical significance of the results lies in the possibility of their use in the development of development strategies and programs at the regional and national levels.

Impact of macroeconomic factors on the competitiveness of national economies

The competitiveness of the national economy is one of the most important economic concepts.There are many of its definitions and methods of measurement. Since the country’s competitiveness isformed by a huge number of factors, a literature review was carried out, as a result of which macroeconomicfactors affecting the competitiveness of the economy were selected. The purpose of the articleis to assess the degree of influence of selected factors on the global competitiveness of countries. Forthis, panel data of 60 countries for the period from 2006 to 2018 were collected. Based on this data,a regression analysis of panel data with fixed and random effects was carried out, where the dependentvariable is the Global Competitiveness Index, and 22 macroeconomic factors act as independentvariables. The Hausman test confirmed the preference for using a panel data model with fixed effectsover a panel data model with random effects. As a result, 2 models were constructed that showed thedegree of influence of the following factors to change the global competitiveness index: gross capitalformation, total factor productivity, average labor productivity, pace of inflation rate, share of the currentaccount balance in GDP, share of the employed population in the total population of the country,oil prices, growth rate of oil prices.

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ANALYSIS FOR IMPROVING PORT THROUGHPUT AND REGIONAL ECONOMIC GROWTH IN EAST JAVA PROVINCE, INDONESIA

Development of the ocean economy (particularly port) is one of the important components in improving regional and national economic competitiveness in Indonesia as an archipelagic state. East Java Province as a major contributor to the national economy has not been able to optimize the port's potential. This can be seen from the East Java 2017 trade balance which has a deficit. Whereas the Port (sea transportation sector) in East Java Province, which is one of the sectors with the second largest multiplier, is 2,178. This study aims to identify leading economic sectors that can encourage increased port throughput activities. Export activities related to the port throughput that can improve the trade balance deficit in East Java. The method used in this research is Shift Share Analysis (SSA) and Location Quotient (LQ) using secondary data from GRDP 2014 - 2018. The results of the SSA analysis show that the highest NEij, IMij, and CEij components are manufacturing (NEij = 80977.5), information and communication (IMij = 12730.5), and manufacturing industries (CEij = 25566.1). Based on LQ analysis, the basic sectors in East Java Province with LQ values > 1 are wholesale and retail trade (1.67), manufacturing industries (1.64), Accomodation and food services (1.54). The five main export commodities in the economic sector in East Java Province include agriculture (fish and shrimp, oily seeds, animal product), mining (crude oil), manufacturing industries ( jewelry, copper, wood, animal fat). The development of economic policy in East Java needs to foster comparative and competitive advantages such as investment, efficiency and technology, and minimize imported content.