National Development Priorities Research Articles

Libraries in the State Cultural Policy of the Russian Federation

The article analyzes changes in state cultural policy over the last three decades and the role of libraries in its implementation. The basic constitutional norms that enshrine the powers of state authorities at different levels in the sphere of culture have been identified. Libraries are seen as both an object of cultural policy and a subject that plays a significant role in its implementation. Two main stages of the state cultural policy are distinguished: 1) from 1992 (adoption of the “Fundamentals of Legislation of the Russian Federation on Culture”) to 2014; 2) from 2014 (Presidential Decree “On Approval of the Fundamentals of State Cultural Policy”) to the present. The relationship between legislation in the sphere of culture and legislation in the sphere of librarianship is presented. The refusal of value-oriented functions of libraries and understanding of the library as a service provider is highlighted as a characteristic feature of libraries in the time of the first stage. The limitations of this approach are demonstrated. An analysis has been made of the tasks of libraries in an environment where culture is defined as one of the national development priorities, contributing to consolidation and cultural continuity. It shows how the Strategy for Development of Librarianship in the Russian Federation until 2030 relates to the tasks of cultural policy. The relevance of librariesʼ educational work in the formation of a fully developed and socially responsible personality is emphasized. It justifies the need to develop a state programme for acquiring literature for public libraries, which will help consolidate the peoples of the Russian Federation on the basis of a unified system of values and continuity of cultural development. This direction is historically characteristic for the development of public libraries in Russia. Russia’s national libraries bear special responsibility for the development and implementation of the state cultural policy.

Mapping national development priorities under the Sustainable Development Goals framework: a systematic analysis

Mapping national development priorities under the Sustainable Development Goals framework: a systematic analysis

Comments on “Ranking researchers: Evidence from Indonesia” by Fry et al. (2023)

The Fry et al. article suggests that productivity can be improved by ranking researchers on a platform, but this assumption overlooks the possibility that previous resource allocation may not have been inefficient. The proposed solution simply shifts resources towards measurable metrics, such as SINTA, without a clear understanding of its long-term effects. Therefore, it is important to consider potential trade-offs and be mindful of whether such policies are beneficial in the future.The authors suggest that Fry et al. should broaden their sources and engage with stakeholders to gain a nuanced understanding of the local context and challenges confronting researchers in Indonesia. They also emphasize the importance of prioritizing research integrity over traditional metrics and rankings, aligning research funding allocation with national development priorities, and considering potential trade-offs when implementing policies such as the SINTA platform. This is the true cost of implementing rank-based and ingratiation-driven research curation system.

Pemberdayaan Kader dan Keluarga dalam Penerapan Piramida Gizi Seimbang dan Pemantauan Tumbuh Kembang Balita Sebagai Upaya Pencegahan Stunting di Desa Bangun Rejo Kecamatan Tanjung Morawa Tahun 2023

Stunting is a chronic nutritional problem that is a national development priority listed in the 2020-2024 RPJMN. Trends and targets for reducing stunting have progressed but are not yet significant. Of course, several causal factors are still found, so empowerment is needed to accelerate stunting reduction. The main focus in handling stunting is the First 1000 Days of Life (HPK) which is carried out at Posyandu. Cadres who play an important role in driving posyandu are expected to have good knowledge and high motivation in efforts to prevent stunting. The aim of this activity is to empower health cadres and families to increase knowledge about preventing stunting by implementing the Balanced Nutrition Pyramid and Monitoring the Growth and Development of Toddlers. The target of this activity was cadres and families in Bangun Rejo Village, Tanjung Morawa District with a total of 42 participants (21cadres and 21 families). Empowerment activities use the lecture method followed by a question and answer session. The results of the activity showed that 71.4% of cadres and families had good knowledge. It is hoped that empowerment of cadres and families can be implemented consistently and continuously so that it can improve cadre performance and family understanding in implementing the Balanced Nutrition Pyramid and Monitoring Toddler Growth and Development as an Effort to Prevent Stunting

Приоритеты экономического развития Китая в современной официальной идеологии

The official interpretation of the priorities in China’s economic development that influences searches in economic theory is rooted in generalization of practical experience. The study of this mechanism can deepen our understanding of the relationship between ideology and economic theory in today’s China. This article analyzes the evolution of “Xi Jinping’s economic thought” since the second half of the 2010s. Its basic components are related to economic governance, national development priorities and economic policy-making. The author supposes that an objective need to develop an all-embracing ideology of China’s economic development is motivated primarily by the deterioration of external conditions along with depletion of domestic growth factors. The adaptation of Chinese economic policy to these changes led the government to set new goals and strategies summarized in the form of “Xi Jinping’s economic thought”. The article focuses on the Study Outline on Xi Jinping’s Economic Thought published in 2022. The book was compiled by the Propaganda Department of the CPC Central Committee and the National Development and Reform Commission responsible for planning China’s socio-economic development. The intensive propaganda of Xi Jinping’s economic thought gene­rated a demand for theoretical research aimed at elaborating its “scientific principles” to contribute into construction of Chinese economic theory capable of guiding the practice of national development. The article analyzes the relationships between Xi Jinping’s economic thought and the Marxist political economy of socialism as well as the legacy of the economic policies of Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping. It is concluded that the content of Xi Jinping’s economic thought will change following the emergence of new challenges in China’s economic development.

PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AS THE MAIN PRIORITY FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF A SUCCESSFUL COUNTRY: EUROPEAN EXPERIENCE

Introduction. One of the leading tasks of the public health system is to increase the life expectancy of people of active and working age, as well as to promote a healthy lifestyle through the combined efforts of the whole society. It should be noted that the leading role refers specifically to physical activity, which affects different aspects of the personality and is of great economic and practical importance for the country. An analysis of documents, recommendations and measures to attract different groups of the population of European countries to an active lifestyle showed that this issue is very acute and relevant especially at the state, economic and political levels. Aim is to analyze the model of increasing the level of physical activity of the population of European countries with the aim of its further application in Ukraine. Material and methods: analysis and generalization of scientific and methodological literature, comparison. Results: the model of physical activity of the population of European countries according to the GAPPA ((Global Action Plan on Physical Activity) recommendations was analyzed. To achieve the goals set, it is necessary to work in four strategic policy areas: active societies, active environments, active people and active systems. Conclusions: for all EU countries, it is recommended to strengthen control over the problem of optimizing the physical activity of the population at all levels of the state; to increase the role of knowledge about the cross-cutting contribution of physical activity to national development and many global priorities, and to ensure accountability for the implementation of specific policy actions. A well-executed physical activity model across all European countries could reduce physical inactivity by 15% by 2030 and therefore it can be useful for use in Ukraine.

Перспективные экономические специализации макрорегионов как ключевая недоработка Стратегии пространственного развития Рос- сии

Introduction: the Spatial Development Strategy of the Russian Federation was adopted in 2019 and included the development of strategies for 12 macro-regions, which, however, did not happen. At the end of 2022, the relevance of updating the Strategy has decreased: the number of the Russian Federation regions increased under the new geopolitical conditions, and the strategic agenda focus shifted to the new economic policy of the country, considering its national interests, sovereignty, and state security. Aims: to structure and detail promising economic specializations of the subjects of the Russian Federation in the context of macroregions. Methods: comparative analysis of documents, collection and analysis of quantitative data, structural analysis. Results: the calculations of promising economic specializations of the Russian Federation subjects within each macro-region, on the one hand, demonstrate the types of economic activities as promising specializations, on the other hand, do not make it possible to understand the country’s overall strategic development vector. The main factor limiting the development of lawmaking is the approach to the choice of economic specializations based on Russian Classification of Economic Activities which lacks an appropriate detailing. Conclusions: the Spatial Development Strategy of the Russian Federation needs to be adjusted in terms of eliminating substantive and methodological inconsistencies. It is necessary to restore the approach based on the sectors of the national economy to determine the promising economic specializations of the regions. The territorial grouping of the Russian Federation subjects into macro-regions has shown the functional inconsistency of artificial integrations. Spatial development should be focused on the infrastructural improvements of the Russian regions as a part of the federal districts, considering existing national projects and state development priorities.

Automatic SDG budget tagging: Building public financial management capacity through natural language processing

Abstract The “budgeting for SDGs”–B4SDGs–paradigm seeks to coordinate the budgeting process of the fiscal cycle with the sustainable development goals (SDGs) set by the United Nations. Integrating the goals into public financial management systems is crucial for an effective alignment of national development priorities with the objectives set in the 2030 Agenda. Within the dynamic process defined in the B4SDGs framework, the step of SDG budget tagging represents a precondition for subsequent budget diagnostics. However, developing a national SDG taxonomy requires substantial investment in terms of time, human, and administrative resources. Such costs are exacerbated in least-developed countries, which are often characterized by a constrained institutional capacity. The automation of SDG budget tagging could represent a cost-effective solution. We use well-established text analysis and machine learning techniques to explore the scope and scalability of automatic labeling budget programs within the B4SDGs framework. The results show that, while our classifiers can achieve great accuracy, they face limitations when trained with data that is not representative of the institutional setting considered. These findings imply that a national government trying to integrate SDGs into its planning and budgeting practices cannot just rely solely on artificial intelligence (AI) tools and off-the-shelf coding schemes. Our results are relevant to academics and the broader policymaker community, contributing to the debate around the strengths and weaknesses of adopting computer algorithms to assist decision-making processes.

Stimulation of Innovation Activities in Service Areas

First of all, I would like to note that the realization of huge opportunities in the service sector makes them an important and intensively growing sector of the economy in the current conditions of agriculture. Representing an extremely important element and driving force of the world economic system, increasing opportunities for structuring social and economic development, the service sphere has become one of the strongest developing sectors of the economy, and currently contributes significantly to the creation of the country’s GDP and the income of the population. Increasing its role in the local economy is a necessary priority of national development, a factor of maintaining the political and economic stability of the state in market conditions. A significant part of the service area is tourism, which is considered one of the largest, highly profitable and extremely dynamic sectors of the economy. Acting as an important factor of sustainable development and a business area against the background of globalization and activation of integration processes, tourism activity is formed by a set of numerous complex problematic reasons and management mechanisms and undergoes transformation in interaction.

Key approaches to the implementation of national development priorities and areas of structural modernization in the energy sector

Subject. This article considers and discusses the documents of strategic planning in the energy sector. Objectives. The article aims to assess the relevance of the strategic planning system for the transformation of the energy sector of the Russian economy. Methods. For the study, I used the methods of comparative analysis and generalization. Results. The article reveals the need to adjust the country's current energy strategy. Conclusions. New sanctions of Western countries against Russia can have a significant impact on the planned values of a number of key indicators of the energy strategy and the energy sector's development.

PERAN STRATEGIS LEMBAGA KEUANGAN SYARIAH BAGI UMKM DALAM MEWUJUDKAN PEMBANGUNAN EKONOMI

Islamic financial institutions provide facilities that can be used by the community in the business sector to open up opportunities to build UMKM. UMKM are the main productive and competitive actors in the national economy. For this reason, the development of micro, small and medium enterprises needs to be the main priority of national economic development. This study aims to describe the role of Islamic financial institutions for UMKM in realizing economic development. This type of research is a literature review research with data sources obtained through a search on google schoolar with a number of predetermined variable keys. The results of this study include the role of financial institutions in the economy including the transfer of assets, transactions, liquidity and efficiency. Islamic financial institutions were established with the aim of promoting and developing the application of Islamic principles, sharia and their traditions into financial and banking transactions and related businesses. The role of Islamic financial institutions is to assist UMKM in developing their businesses so as to improve the economy of business people and indirectly have an impact on economic development.

Weighting analysis on air pollution among recent years in China via grey theory models

The priority of national development has always been economic development during the recent decades in China, so a lot of energy consumption was needed to support rapid economic development, accompanied by a number of different air pollution emissions, including SO2, NO2 CO, and PM2.5. Based on awareness of environmental protection and sustainable energy development, researchers aimed to propose strategies to reduce the amount of air pollution generation in China derived from intense industrialization. The calculation of the correlation coefficient showed high values, so the correlation of air pollutants is highly related. This study aimed to realize the outcome of the implementation of air pollution reduction acts. Therefore, the grey relational grade and grey entropy were used to analyze the air pollution trend from 2013 to 2020 due to the specific function of the grey theory. The results of this study showed that the curves of SO2, PM2.5, and CO showed a clear decreasing trend. Furthermore, the SO2 curve still decreased in the periods of 2018–2020. The most important index for air pollutants is SO2 after the calculation of grey entropy, which corresponds to the fact that the coal resource is the main energy source in the fossil fuel industries for economic growth. However, the effects of these implementations regarding air pollution reduction sufficiently control air pollution emission, especially SO2 emission.

Orientation to a low-carbon economy under sanctions as one of national development priorities of the Russian Federation

Subject. The article considers the legal framework for transition to a low-carbon economy. Objectives. The purpose is to determine prospects for transition to a low-carbon development model and assess the strategic planning system in Russia. Methods. The study draws on methods of comparative analysis and generalization. Results. The paper determines that the external factor remains a significant incentive for Russia's transition to a low-carbon model of the economy. The Strategy for socio-economic development of Russia with a low level of greenhouse gas emissions until 2050 is designed to help reshape the economy, however, this document is of a formal nature. Conclusions. Russia's transition to a low-carbon model of the economy requires closing the technological gap with developed countries.

Strategic Thrusts Of Malaysian Education Policy Human Capital Development Towards 2022

National educational transformation is undoubtedly linked to national development policies, strategies and priorities. The challenges of Vision 2020 demand that Malaysians be able to rise to meet the global challenges of the 21st Century. The development of quality workforce and resource of highly qualified, innovative and creative human capital is based on the model of the ‘glocalized’ human capital development programmes. Not only that the strategy has become a top priority, but the task of creating such a workforce has to depend on several critical factors and challenges. The overall strategy is to ensure that there is a greater commitment and a more effective involvement of the government and the private sector in order to ensure the success of the government’s initiatives in the transformation process. The paper will address some of the critical issues and strategic approaches in the developmental process underpinned by the Malaysian education policy in building an educated, innovative and creative workforce as the basis of human capital development towards 2020.

Analysis on Waste to Energy Potential of Padang Municipal Solid Waste for Sustainable Future

Reduce, reuse, recycle (3R), and recovery are types of waste processing regulated in Law No. 18 of 2008. One form of recovery is Waste to Energy (WtE) which is one of the national development priorities. Currently, the implementation of 3R is less than 5% and it has not been implemented at all in Padang City. Therefore, this current research studies the WtE potential of Padang municipal solid waste. The research was conducted by collecting data on the population of Padang City, the generation, composition, and recycling potential of Padang City waste, and the calorific value of each waste composition. This research applies thermal incineration technology with three variations of scenarios. Scenario #1 is a WtE application with 3R based on existing conditions, scenario #2 is a WtE application with 3R based on government targets, and scenario #3 is a WtE application with 3R based on the results of the questionnaire. Scenario #2 is the best one because it considers the WtE idea and community-based 3R recycling in line and continues for better waste management in Padang City. The scenario may produce 394.23 MW of electricity that can serve around 1,329 houses, while also improving the 3R rate of around 1.98% per year.

ANALISIS KEBERHASILAN USAHA MIKRO KECIL MENENGAH

Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM) are an important part of the economy of a country or a region, including in Indonesia. The priority of national economic development in Indonesia is UMKM. The success of the business shows a situation that is better / superior than in the previous period. Three factors that affect the performance of small businesses, especially for new businesses according to the level of influence. These factors are industry structure, business strategy, and entrepreneurial characteristics. This study aims to determine the effect of entrepreneurial characteristics, business capital, marketing strategy, and self efficacy on business success in Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM) in North Denpasar District. The population of this study was 11,069 UMKM in the entire North Denpasar District. The sample calculation method was carried out using the slovin method with a sample of 100 UMKM. The sampling method is proportional random sampling method. The data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis. The results of this study indicate that the characteristics of entrepreneurship, business capital, and marketing strategy have a positive effect on business success. Meanwhile, self efficacy have no effect on business success.

Evaluating the enhancement of the Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) of developing countries: an international support programme perspective

ABSTRACT Enhancing the Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) is an important exercise to achieve the long-term goals of the Paris Agreement. The Paris Agreement also recognizes that support to developing countries in this regard will help them to aim for higher climate ambition. The role of international support programmes in the NDC enhancement process is crucial but is not often covered in scientific research. Consequently, the factors driving a country’s decision to apply for NDC-related assistance have also not yet been fully explored. Acknowledging the research gap, this paper framed and tested multiple hypotheses to evaluate the impact of potential factors on the likelihood of a country applying for assistance to enhance its NDCs. For this, a logistic regression method was employed. Data from the two initiatives coordinating the technical and financial assistance worldwide, namely the Climate Action Enhancement Package (CAEP) and Climate Promise, were reviewed for this purpose. The CAEP program is financially supported by Denmark, Germany, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden and the UK. This study identifies the level of socio-economic development and the population’s exposure to air pollution as key factors which influence the likelihood of applying for assistance under CAEP and Climate Promise in developing countries. Further, the presence of democratic aspects in the form of governance may also influence this choice. Finally, this study discusses the results and associated policy implications for countries receiving assistance to enhance their NDCs. Key policy insights Developing countries with relatively low socio-economic development are more likely to apply for assistance to enhance their NDCs. The assistance is designed to help them to build capacities to develop and implement future climate policies. Air pollution and climate change issues are interconnected. Exposure to air pollution is a potential indicator that can influence the NDC enhancement process in developing countries. The assistance for enhancing NDCs will lead to NDC targets that are well-informed and are aligned with national and sub-national development priorities with realistic prospects of implementation. Climate vulnerability and net trade do not influence the decision-making process to apply for NDC enhancement assistance.

Стратегічне управління державними фінансами: євроінтеграційний курс, міжнародні тренди, національні особливості

The experience of public finance management in the EU in the framework of tightly controlled coordination of medium-term fiscal policy and the single monetary policy of the European Monetary Union (EMU) indicates that Strategic Public Finance Governance (SPFG) should be distinguished from the strategy for reforming the public finance management system within the established approaches of Public Finance Management (PFM) as general from special. The Strategic Public Finance Governance Mission (SPFG) is seen as enhancing the government’s financial capacity to respond in a timely and adequate manner to global challenges and threats through coordinated and targeted participation in relevant international activities and programs that correlate with the solution of certain global problems. The mission also includes expanding the fiscal space for public financial support of national sustainable development priorities that meet national interests, the criteria of national security in general and economic, financial, fiscal in particular. This involves the use of both domestic and borrowed (from other countries, international organizations, etc.) financial resources. Nowadays, the PFM approach covers mainly the general government sector. Strategic Public Finance Governance (SPFG) should cover the public sector as a whole. In our opinion, this is the main direction of further European integration reform of the public finance management system in Ukraine.

BRICS Countries’ Economic and Legal Cooperation Through the Prism of Strategic Planning Documents

The purpose of this article is to identify the core trends in economic and legal cooperation among the BRICS countries through the prism of strategic documents and normative acts adopted to define national development benchmarks in certain economic sectors. The authors carried out an analysis of strategic and policy documents adopted by Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa with a view to developing certain sectors of the national economy. It is pointed out that international cooperation is now considered necessary to achieve sustainable economic growth. The relevance of the research topic is dictated by the need to determine and develop approaches to improve the legal fundamentals of economic cooperation among the BRICS countries, as well as to prepare proposals for their implementation. The analysis of national programs and development priorities of the economies of the BRICS member countries has shown that the programs of Russia and China are the most comprehensive. Brazil’s development priorities, the socio-economic development policy of India and South Africa’s national development plan are primarily aimed at overcoming the problems inherent in these countries. Among the main areas of interest for all of the BRICS countries are agriculture, digital economy, energy, environment, education and health, finances, labour and employment, infrastructure and transportation and trade. Cooperation among the BRICS countries is likely to develop mainly through the exchange of experiences and best practices, joint research and realization of specific economic projects supervised by executive authorities, central banks and other state bodies. An important institution for economic interaction between the BRICS countries is the New Development Bank; other successful mechanisms of economic cooperation include the Contingent Reserve Arrangement, the Energy Research Cooperation Platform and the Partnership on New Industrial Revolution.

Implementasi Rencana Kerja Pemerintah Gampong Sesuai Pemendagri No 114 Tahun 2014 Kabupaten Aceh Barat

This article aims to understand how to evaluate the gampong annual development plan in formulating development strategies and policies as well as formulating the Gampong Government Work Plan program for 1 (one) year. The problem is focused on the obstacles that occur during the preparation of the work plan activities of the gampong government by the DPMG agency and the gampong apparatus. In order to approach this problem, a descriptive qualitative method is used as a reference. The data were collected through Interview, Observation, Documentation. This study concludes that in carrying out the work plan activities of the gampong government in accordance with the Ministry of Home Affairs No. 114 of 2014 that in order to achieve national development priorities and targets, annual planning synergies are needed between the central government and regional governments as well as between regional governments. Then analyze the process of achieving the maximum implementation of gampong development programs/activities and are easily identified which refers to the Minister of Home Affairs Regulation No. 114 of 2014.