National Development Plan Research Articles

Inventiveness as a Driver of Small and Medium-Sized Business Profitability in South Africa: A Quantile Regression Method

In South Africa, inventiveness is a critical factor in expansion and growth, and small and medium-sized businesses have been designated as tools for achieving the societal and economic objectives and innovation outlined in the National Development Plan. The aim of this research is to look at the impact of inventiveness on small and medium-sized profitability in South Africa. The quantile regression method was utilised in empirical studies to explore the influence of inventiveness on enterprise profitability across different sales stages. The research was based on data from the World Bank's business questionnaire. The research results showed that expenses on development and research had a positive and substantial influence on profitability for businesses with greater sales (fast expansion or bigger enterprises). Existing proof demonstrates that incorporating new items and services boosts profitability for businesses with low progress or tiny businesses. Based on empirical evidence, inventiveness is essential for the growth and development of small and medium-sized businesses. Smaller or low-growth businesses don't have the ability to make expenditures on R&D because of a shortage of funds, which could contribute to their low chances of surviving. Considering the significant cash investment needed for R&D expenditures, additional support could be offered to smaller businesses in less powerful sales expansion. Because of a lack of funding for R&D, smaller businesses are being driven to create new items and production procedures that do not require big financial commitments.

Kebijakan Redesain Sistem Perencanaan Dan Penganggaran: Implementasi Pada Pusat Pelaporan Dan Analisis Transaksi Keuangan

Government budgeting system reform policies or in Indonesia call “Redesain Sistem Perencanaan dan Penganggaran” (RSPP) is a system initiated by the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of National Development Planning that is effective for all ministries and institutions in 2021. RSPP aims to be a real implementation of the money follow program policy and strengthen the application of performance-based budgeting. This research aims to analyse the implementation of RSPP, along with its constraints and impacts. This research used a qualitative research method using a case study approach by interviewing 4 informants. This research was conducted at one of the state institutions, namely the Indonesian Financial Transaction Reports and Analysis Center (INTRAC). Data collection is carried out in a natural setting, primary data sources, and data collection techniques are more on direct observation, and interviews. From the analysis conducted by researchers, the implementation of INTRAC budgeting in 2023, which was carried out in 2022, is in accordance with the RSPP based on the Joint Circular Letter of the Minister of Finance and the Ministry of National Development Planning. This has an impact on budget documents that are easier to understand, and more visible activities and outputs produced by INTRAC. RSPP makes it easier for leaders to carry out monitoring, evaluation and increase effectiveness and efficiency in government budgeting.

Abstract 817: Establishing a niche to improve Africa’s contribution to cancer research

Abstract Africa has been a key source of scientific discoveries to the global community, especially in areas of scientific experiments and implementation. However, Africans are underrepresented in their contribution to global science and within the African countries, access to adequate funding and infrastructure to do high quality science is limited. These inequities contribute to the 10/90 gap in which only an estimated 10% of global health research funding is used to address health problems in Africa. Thus, it is not surprising that today, Africa contributes just about 2 percent of world research output, 1.3 percent of research spending, and 0.1 percent of all patents. To bridge the aforementioned gaps, mitigate the effect of brain drain and structural constraints and improve support for the next generation scientists, the Nigerian Government recently established the National Institute for Cancer Research and Treatment (NICRAT). It is worthy to note that cancer incidence and mortality rates in Africa are increasing 1.1 million new cases, with 711,000 deaths reported in 2020. This indicate a mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR) of 0.64. These cancer challenges in Africa necessitates a concerted approach towards effective cancer control and management. Here, we show in detail how the NICRAT support improving science while integrating with Nigerian national development plans and strategies. We also show how the NICRAT is establishing a mechanism for domestic funding, while fostering national and international collaborations for African scientists and encouraging women into careers in cancer research. Currently, the NICRAT’s key task also includes centralizing cancer control efforts, mobilizing funding from different sources for cancer research, and coordinating cancer treatment activities across Nigeria. In addition, the institute facilitates collaboration between researchers, healthcare providers, and patients, and provides guidance for cancer policy formulation and implementation. The establishment of NICRAT by Nigeria’s government as well as similar centers elsewhere in Africa may improve active participation of African scientists in scientific practice, discourse, and decision making and spotlight their intellectual contributions towards solving science-associated global problems. Citation Format: Usman A. Malami, Sani A. Malami, Uchechukwu E. Nwokwu, Usman W. Mohammed, Faruk Mohammed. Establishing a niche to improve Africa’s contribution to cancer research [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 817.

Redesigning The Organization Of The Jakarta City Government: Adaptation And Innovation Towards A Sustainable City

The challenges faced by the Provincial Government of DKI Jakarta in dealing with its change in status as the special capital region have triggered the need for a comprehensive evaluation of the existing spatial and governance systems. Discussions between the Acting Governor of DKI Jakarta and the Minister of National Development Planning indicate the importance of collaboration between central and regional government institutions in ensuring effective adaptation. In the context of relocating the national capital to East Kalimantan, Jakarta is confronted with the challenge of restructuring its government organization to manage environmental challenges, enhance the quality of public services, and ensure development sustainability. The primary focus of the Jakarta Government is on economic development and recovery, which requires restructuring the government organization to enhance the quality of public services and adapt to digital transformation. Redesigning the government organization is essential to ensure smooth transition and sustainable development in the future. Gap analysis shows that Jakarta faces several issues in organizational structure, workflow processes, human resources, and information technology. This research utilizes a qualitative approach with a case study method, collecting data from various sources, including literature reviews and official documents such as laws and regulations, as well as Government performance reports. It is hoped that the findings of this research will provide a comprehensive overview of the changes in the government organization in Jakarta City and offer valuable insights to the local government in their efforts to improve performance and effectiveness, as well as ensure development sustainability in the future.

A call for linguistic and culturally congruent family-centred early hearing detection and intervention programmes in South Africa.

Early Hearing Detection and Intervention (EHDI) programmes are recognised as the standard of care for newborns and infants presenting with hearing impairment, globally. However, widespread implementation of these programmes is far from being realised and faces numerous challenges within the South African context. The United Nations' sustainable development goal 3.8 and South Africa's national development plan seek to achieve equitable access to healthcare service, including EHDI. However, healthcare access is a complex concept which encompasses the dimensions: availability, affordability, acceptability and accommodation in healthcare. South Africa has made great progress towards universal implementation of EHDI programmes. Despite this progress, availability and affordability of these programmes are limited and their acceptability has received limited research focus in this context. Furthermore, accommodation of caregivers, as co-drivers of EHDI programmes and ensuring that EHDI programmes are linguistically and culturally congruent have also been overlooked within the South African context.Contribution:Increased robust efforts in improving access through availability and affordability of EHDI programmes are warranted in South Africa. However, improving access to these programmes through availability and affordability initiatives alone will not result in a pragmatic improvement in their accessibility. Acceptability of these programmes and accommodations such as involving caregivers and family members of children with hearing impairment as equal partners in EHDI programmes and being cognisant of their linguistic and cultural needs must be considered.

Nurturing Development Administration in South African Local Government

This paper aims to unpack the relationship between the development administration and local government in fostering socio-economic development. the paper argues that the effective implementation of the development administration sufficiently contributes to local government productivity in delivering government development-oriented services and programs. Development administration includes strengthening administrative capabilities. Development administration covers a wide range of techniques used by large organizations, most notably the government to implement plans and policies that are meant to assist them in achieving their developmental objectives. The main goal of development administration is to create a better social, political, and economic environment. The local government plays a crucial role in Africa's economic development trajectory. the paper is conceptual in nature as relies heavily on secondary data and existing literature to address the answer to the inherent argument. from the literature, authors derived findings such as a lack of adequate political capability and politicization of development, corruption, lack of accountability, low priority of quality assurance, poor monitoring, and evaluation of socioeconomic policies, excessive political control, poor capacity development, nepotism, lack of community participation, resources constraints, inter alia. the study recommends that further research should be conducted in all municipalities within South Africa to detect the problem associated with development administration for effective enhancement of socio-economic development as well as reinforcing and easing the sustainable development in local government. since public administration is regarded as a social science discipline the study contributes to the field of public administration and development as it deals with assessing and resolving the social, political, and economic problems that affect day to day life of communities. Development administration also contributes to the National Development Plan as it enhances the social, political, and economic arena. the study can also influence public officials to be equipped with more skills to meet the socio-economic needs of the communities.

The state in search of intellectual resources: The image of scientist in the perception of Russians

Under global challenges, the Russian state looks for ways to develop the national intellectual potential as a guarantee of technological sovereignty and country’s competitiveness. National research universities are supported, grant mechanisms for research activities are implemented, and programs for attracting and promoting young scientists are adopted. However, some objective indicators show persistent problems in the academic sphere: the number of research staff declines; “brain drain” continues; the number of graduate students and people who defended the thesis is not enough to solve the key problems of the state. The article considers social representations of the prestige of the scientific profession and the image of the scientist as factors that have a negative impact on human resources in the academic field. The research consisted of two stages: 1) 21 focus groups in 7 large Russian cities to identify the prestige of the scientific profession among three generations; 2) 207 interviews with students of Moscow universities (as the main source of personnel for scientific activities) to get a more detailed understanding of the image of the scientist. According to the results of the study, none of three Russian generations consider the profession of the scientist prestigious (inferior to politicians, businessmen, artists, bloggers, and IT specialists). The youth feel social injustice more acutely: they note the exceptional importance of scientists for national development, outstanding intelligence and complexity of this profession, but consider scientists an undervalued and low-income group. The image of the scientist is extremely distanced from the youth and is not an attractive vector of social mobility. One of the key reasons for the current situation is the absence of scientists in the Russian information space. Neither on television, nor in cinema or on social networks the image of the scientist is attractive to younger generations. If efforts are not made to eliminate this contradiction, the shortage of personnel in science will worsen, which would jeopardize the implementation of Russia’s national development plan.

Assessing Contagion Risks of Carbon Reduction Policies on the Stock Returns: Evidence from China’s Energy Markets

ABSTRACT This study investigates the impacts of China’s carbon mitigation policies spanning from 2011 to 2023 on the stock returns of seven distinct nonrenewable and renewable energy markets. We apply contagion tests, examining variations in linear, asymmetric, and external dependence to identify the transmission of policy shocks from the coal market to energy markets. Among the analyzed carbon reduction policies, both cap-and-trade schemes and coal capacity cut policies present stronger evidence of policy contagion between the coal and energy markets compared to national development plans. Additionally, nonrenewable energy markets demonstrate more pronounced evidence of policy contagion than renewable energy markets during the implementation of carbon reduction plans.

Complexities of State-Building in Somaliland

Abstracts Since the mid-2000s, state-building in Somaliland has emerged as a complex mixture of coexisting, competing programs, political aspirations, and foreign agendas. This article applies a dialectical approach to focus on the scalar relations among actors and models of capacity-building, from programs’ design to their implementation. Drawing on science and technology studies, I use the term “complexities” to describe the “multiplicities” of programs, actors, and different ways of ordering that coexist and overlap, sometimes in tension among them, other times in coordination. Specifically, this article examines two approaches to state-building in Somaliland: the United Nations Development Program’s institution-building and US Agency for International Development (USAID)-funded stabilization programs. Going beyond fixed binaries, such as international and local, homogenous and hybrid, state-building and state-formation, this article observes how these dichotomies are formed and how, rather than being separate, they combine together, generating techno-political arrangements. Somaliland’s complexity is made up of techno-political arrangements that are coproduced by both technical expertise and national political aspirations. Technical capacity-building programs, such as the redesign of the Somalia Institutional Development Project (SIDP), the creation of Somaliland’s National Development Plan (NDP), and the allocation of USAID’s grants, have become the terrain for political claims over the redistribution of resources and the control of state institutions.

Faktor Predisposisi Yang Berhubungan Dengan Pemilihan Metode Kontrasepsi Jangka Panjang (MKJP) Pada Wanita Usia Subur (WUS) Di Puskesmas Binong Tahun 2023

One of the government's efforts to reduce the population growth rate in Indonesia is the Family Planning Program. The Indonesian government recommends the Long-Term Contraceptive Method as it is mentioned as one of the targeted outcomes in Indonesia's Medium-Term National Development Plan 2020-2024 (28% by 2024). The number of MKJP acceptors at Binong Health Center has decreased in the last 3 years. In 2021 it is 7.6%, in 2022 it is 6.8%, and in 2023 until November 2023 it is 5%. This indicates that the interest of MKJP at the Binong Health Center is still very low compared to non-MKJP. This research was conducted to determine the predisposing factors associated with the selection of long contraceptive methods at Binong Health Center in 2023. The type of research is quantitative research with a case-control study design with a ratio of 1: 1, consisting of 62 case groups and 62 control groups. This study used Simple Random Sampling technique. This research was conducted using secondary data through medical document review. Data analysis was performed using the chi-square test. The results of the bivariate analysis showed that variables related to the selection of MKJP at Binong Health Center are occupation (p-value = 0.029) and the number of children (p-value = 0.007), while the unrelated variables with the election of MKJP at the Binong Health Center are age (p-value = 0.189) and education (p-value = 0.082). It is expected that further research will be conducted at the Binong Health Center related to factors that affect the use of MKJP with different variables that are likely to influence more such as perception, attitude, side effects. knowledge and exposure to information.

The Contributions of Marketing, Operational, Legal, and Financial Aspects to the Successful Implementation of the Donation Program Facility

The establishment of a centralized donation program facility in every city and municipality is in congruence with the United Nation’s Sustainability Strategy and anchored on the Philippine National Development Plan 2023-2028 for deep economic and social transformation to reinvigorate job creation and accelerate poverty reduction which is embedded on “Ambisyon Natin by 2040 that describes the kind of life that people want to live, and how the country will be by 2040. A study was conducted using the theoretical framework of a project’s feasibility to assess the viability of the program. The marketing aspect focused on how the information about the program shall be disseminated to the target beneficiaries. The operational aspect of the operating process of the donation program focuses on the activities and tasks to be used to coordinate, collect, and distribute food and non-food items to the final consumers/beneficiaries. The operational process projection shall cover the planning, organizing, directing, coordinating, and regulating the many phases of the donation program facility. A legal feasibility assessment was used and regarded as a critical workflow to ensure that the program achieves its underlying goals in a timely, efficient, and seamless manner, hence reducing the risk of unpleasant surprises during implementation. Financial elements of business refer to the management, acquisition, and utilization of financial resources to achieve the program’s strategic objectives. Budgeting, forecasting, analyzing, planning, managing, and negotiating are all part of the process, as is risk management. The centralized donation program will cover the receipts and disbursement of all donated items plus the proceeds of the livelihood products the program will offer, thus a need for its feasibility is needed to be used as one of the bases of its establishment. Keywords: donation program, feasibility study of a donation program, operating process of a donation program, program strategic objectives

Balanced-integration: A dimension of supervision to support students navigating parenthood in pursuit of a PhD

This article explores the experiences of doctoral students juggling parental and professional roles. It proposes a balanced-integration approach in the reflective supervisor framework to tailor support. The research focuses on identifying challenges and evaluating the approach’s effectiveness, suggesting supervisors should serve as advocates for well-being and motivation. With the South African government’s National Development Plan aiming for a higher education sector that can produce more than 100 doctoral graduates per one million of the population by 2030, it is imperative to understand PhD student’s simultaneous identities as parents and professionals who must balance the demands of their studies, families and careers. The study advances a balanced-integration approach for supervising this demographic, with supervisors serving as advocates for the holistic well-being of these students, architects of personalised academic pathways, and catalysts for motivation inspired by family commitments. This approach adds a fifth dimension to Pearson and Kayrooz’s four factors of facilitative supervisory practice. The methodology is a descriptive quantitative study research design and a cross-sectional approach based on online surveys completed by 47 respondents from 13 South African higher education institutions and eight from abroad (n = 55).

TRAJECTORY OF SME DEVELOPMENT: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS AND PROSPECTIVE INSIGHT INTO DIVERSIFICATION PROGRESS IN NIGERIA

The pivotal role of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in fostering economic diversification has been widely acknowledged as crucial for achieving inclusive growth and development. Recognising this, the Nigerian government has outlined the Strategic Roadmap and Action Plan (SRAP 2021–2024), aligning with the National Digital Economy Policy and Strategy (NDEPS) and the National Development Plan (NDP), 2021–2025. This initiative seeks to establish an ecosystem for innovation-driven enterprises (IDE) and empower SMEs to embrace emerging technologies, a crucial aspect of technological catching-up in developing economies. This paper utilised qualitative research approach to critically analysed the perspective of SMEs development and its role in advancing economic diversification in Nigeria, an emerging economy within Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), particularly in the context of technological catching-up. However, the introduction of policies such as SRAP has shown promise in encouraging SMEs to leverage technology for enhanced innovation, providing a pathway for these enterprises to catch up technologically in the broader context of developing economies. Additionally, our paper identifies infrastructure deficits as a critical factor impeding SME development, contributing significantly to the country's low ranking on the global Ease of Doing Business (EoDB) index. In light of these findings, we recommend a comprehensive and effective implementation of policies to boost SME performance, generate employment opportunities, and alleviate poverty, thereby contributing to technological catching-up and broader national development in the context of developing economies.

Overcoming systemic and institutional challenges in policy implementation in South Africa's water sector

The water sector in South Africa is faced with numerous challenges, among which include; increased flooding and prolonged droughts caused by increased climate variability, rapid population growth, unsustainable water demands and withdrawals by various water users, deficiencies in institutional management and infrastructural maintenance, lack of political will with accompanying high levels of corruption and steady deteriorations in all sub-sectors of the economy. Other significant challenges include provision of water in rural communities, water pollution especially from poorly operated wastewater treatments works, acid mine drainage, nutrients from agriculture, siltation of dams. A combination of these factors has led to high levels of water scarcity and an immense burden on the water supply. However, it must be noted that in 1994, South Africa (SA) embarked on developing numerous policies and strategies to address water challenges. While some levels of success have been achieved in terms of policy formulation, there is, however, a lack of comprehensive coordination and synergy that cut across the broad objectives of these policies in meeting environmental, social and economic targets and aspirations. Additionally, the implementation of the policies and programmes is stalled by structural, systemic and institutional factors, coupled with new challenges arising from climatic variabilities. Using a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods together with rapid appraisal of existing literature, we explore systemic and institutional factors impeding the implementation of policies and strategies designed to drive South Africa's water sector as envisaged within the National Development Plan of 2012. We argue that the water sector is faced with multifarious and interweaving challenges such as inadequate human capital, changes in climatic conditions, limited financial resources, infrastructural deficiencies largely linked to poor urban planning and rapid growth of informal settlements, rampant corruption and mismanagement, lack of stakeholders' involvement and compartmentalisation of institutions. This paper, therefore, recommends a community-based approach that enforces transparency and the participation of civil society, cross-sectoral cooperation and a broad range of stakeholders and decentralisation of policy implementation strategies.

Implementation of Good Governance Principles in Rancapaku Village, Padakembang District, Tasikmalaya Regency

This research was conducted due to problems related to the not yet optimal Rancapaku Village Government in implementing the principles of good governance. The purpose of this study is to find out and describe how the Rancapaku Village Government applies the principles of good governance so that if there are problems or obstacles encountered, the right solution can be found. This study uses research methods with a descriptive qualitative approach so that in collecting data by interviews and observation as well as documentation to produce primary data and secondary data. Meanwhile, to test the validity of the data, namely by triangulating the data so that the resulting data is not subject to data manipulation. Based on the research results, it was found that the application of the principles of good governance in Rancapaku Village, Padakembang District, Tasikmalaya Regency was analyzed using theory according to the National Development Planning Agency (BAPPENAS), namely transparency, accountability and participation which measure that the application of the principles of good Governance in Rancapaku Village has not been implemented optimally where there are still obstacles faced by the Rancapaku Village Government. So it can be concluded that to support the application of the principles of Good Governance it is very important to pay attention to the leadership style of the Village Government and administration of government which includes government services, appropriate development, and the responsiveness of the Rancapaku Village Government in overcoming problems in the community.

Education as a necessity of life: An exploration on Ugandan Education System Quality with reference to John Dewey's Philosophical Correlates

AbstractEvery country desires and aspires for an education system that caters for learners’ physiological needs, belonging, love, self‐esteem, security and self‐actualisation at the top, which are rarely provided by a few countries. With a review focus on the Ugandan education system, several challenges related to the education borrowing suggestions as proposed by John Dewey have been attributed to creating an environment that has seen most graduates ending up unemployed, and with leadership challenges, inadequate funding, poor teacher perception, low research and innovations in higher institutions of learning, less involvement of the informal sector in development, low literacy levels, political interference among others. Thus this exploratory analytical‐qualitative review focuses on John Dewey's teachings in his book Education and Democracy—specifically chapter 1, ‘Education as Necessity for Life’—with attention on how education as an engine that empowers life, ensures independence through self‐reliance, sustenance, freedom, and is syndrome‐free to enhance appreciation of the contemporary trends in education—critical aspects that are extremely lacking within the current Ugandan education system and can impact on the future of education to the future of education as recommended in National Development Plan III (NDP III). Thus the review recommends that while reflecting on the state of the Ugandan education system, there is a need to revitalise the research and innovations in higher institutions, especially catering for an integral‐education system with a focus on science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) from primary school to university, involvement of the informal sector through skills education as proposed by the Ugandan Vision 2040 and NDP III, as well as addressing low literacy levels and providing adequate teaching and learning through quality and balanced funding from all relevant government agencies and development partners.

Assessing the Symbiotic Relationship between National Development Plan 2030 and the Technical Vocational Education and Training Colleges National Certificate Vocational (NCV) programme

Despite the successes that are liberating South Africans and changing educational policies, many citizens are still trapped in poverty and chronic unemployment, and the country remains a highly unequal society. Thus, the purpose of this study was to explore the nature of the symbiotic relationship between the Technical; Vocational Education and Training (TVET) Colleges National Certificate; Vocational (NCV) programme; and NDP 2030 objectives. The qualitative research approach was adopted with a Case study design. Purposive sampling was used to select eight TVET college lecturers. The interpretive paradigm was used to describe the nature of the relationship the college has with other stakeholders. Data was collected through individual semi-structured interviews and analysed through a thematic approach. The findings revealed a lack of communication, poor relationships with relevant stakeholders, and infrastructural and resources as attributes that impede practices within TVET colleges. The other major challenge that emerged from this study is the lack of a responsive policy system which compromises practices within TVET colleges. Based on empirical evidence, it was recommended that the college requires a fully responsive TVET policy and synergistic efforts, pulling all resources together in achieving these objectives. The ultimate outcome contributes key knowledge that advances proper communication and a healthy relationship with different stakeholders that should be established and maintained for the success of TVET colleges. Keywords: Symbiotic Relationship, Development, National Development Plan (NDP)

Does instructional leadership drive educational improvement in South Africa? Evidence from Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition analysis

ABSTRACT Quality school leadership and management are important determinants of teaching and learning quality. According to South Africa’s National Development Plan (NDP), principals should provide administrative and curriculum leadership to schools. This study investigated the improvement between 2015 and 2019 Grade 9 mathematics scores in South Africa, and explored the extent to which the difference could be related to instructional leadership. Using the Oaxaca-Blinder (OB) decomposition technique, the performance gap is decomposed into a part that is associated with changes in the number of educational inputs, such as student, teacher, and school/principal characteristics, and a part that is associated with changes in the efficiency of the educational inputs. The findings suggest that instructional leadership variables are positively associated with increased mathematics scores but the return to student achievement was lower in 2019 than 2015. The findings also revealed that instructional leadership led to less improvements among under-resourced schools in 2019.

Las políticas públicas como garantía constitucional y estrategia para la prevención del delito en Ecuador

Public policies constitute a type of constitutional guarantee of the group provided for in the Constitution of the Republic of Ecuador, whose purpose is to make constitutional rights effective with the intention of their due compliance. In terms of crime prevention, public policies stand as an ideal means for the formulation and implementation of plans, projects and specific policies aimed at contributing to compliance with the constitutional normative device that orders the State to guarantee human security through systematic policies and actions, in order to generate the conditions that allow the peaceful coexistence of citizens, also promoting a culture of peace, and preventing violence and the commission of crimes. The work covers two approaches of great interest, on the one hand public policies as a constitutional guarantee and on the other hand public policies as a strategy for crime prevention. The State, through its entities, must guarantee its obligations established in the supreme norm, the national development plan and secondary regulations related to crime prevention, fulfilling the constitutional and legal task of guaranteeing citizen security through actions of government to prevent criminal offenses.

Advantages and challenges of digitalization of the Ukrainian economy

The essential characteristics, primary goals, and tasks of the Ukrainian economy's digitalization are studied. It has been established that digitization is the saturation of the physical world with electronic digital devices, means, and systems and the establishment of electronic communication exchange between them; in fact, the general, interaction of the virtual and physical is realized, that is, a cyber-physical space is created. The main goals of digitization are the digital transformation of the existing economy, the creation of new sectors of the economy, and the transformation of spheres of life into new, more efficient, and modern ones. This growth will only be possible if ideas, actions, initiatives, and plans related to digitization are integrated into national, regional, and sectoral development strategies and plans. The principles of the digital economy, which acquire features of an avant-garde character, are allocated, improved, and characterized. The types of digital economies, their four evolutions, the challenges of each stage of digitalization, and their impact on Ukraine's economy are indicated. It is well-founded that Ukraine has all the conditions for the so-called digital leap and the transition to a higher level of technological development, namely: ability to produce and use information, communication and digital technologies, and availability of professionals. This is evidenced by the statistics of real successes of Ukrainian IT companies on the international market, the purchase of appropriate equipment and technologies, and the dissemination of technologies among citizens and enterprises. This is evidenced by the gradual recovery of domestic demand for technologies, market "success stories" in various spheres of life and economy, creation of local representative offices of equipment manufacturers, distribution of high-tech equipment, a sufficient level of system integration of technical products and services - from design to complex implementation of various technologies, software, and hardware; а culture of creativity and the ability to generate ideas, as evidenced by high ratings. The key directions of the initial stage of the formation of the digital economy are clarified. Challenges in the field of digital economy and strengths and weaknesses are identified in digitalization. Proposals were made to strengthen the strengths and overcome the challenges of digitalizing the economy at the international and national levels. Keywords: digitalization; digital technologies; digital economy; digital society; digital development.