National Cultural Characteristics Research Articles

METHODOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES OF THE FORMATION OF GRAMMATICAL COMPETENCE OF FUTURE PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS AT CLASSES IN FOREIGN LANGUAGE FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES

The article is devoted to current problems of foreign language grammatical competence, reveals the concept of grammatical competence and defines its main components. Scientists include grammatical skills, knowledge and grammatical awareness as main components of grammatical competence, and various types of exercises as the mechanism for forming grammatical competence. The main methodical principles for forming the grammatical competence of future primary school teachers are defined. The article envisages the effectiveness of the use of communicative and sociocultural approaches, indicates the main principles of teaching grammar to future primary school teachers at classes in foreign language for specific purposes. The process of learning grammar for students of pedagogical faculty should be aimed at the formation of foreign language grammatical competence, taking into account the national and cultural features of the language being studied, as part of the professional foreign language communicative competence necessary for the implementation of future professional activities. The content of grammatical competence, in addition to knowledge of language elements and the ability to use them in speech, should also include knowledge, skills and abilities that contribute to the assimilation of socio-cultural norms and national-cultural features of speech behavior of representatives in foreign culture. Successful formation of grammatical competence, taking into account the national and cultural features of the language being studied, is possible under the condition of implementing a communicative approach in combination with a socio-cultural approach to teaching a foreign language. Grammatical tasks should be as close as possible to real communication, should be addressed to the students themselves and should involve the use of their own life experiences. Communicatively oriented learning of grammar increases motivation, expands the expressive possibilities of speech, which adds naturalness to students’ utterances.

中韩大学生寒暄语使用情况考察

Greetings have distinctive national cultural characteristics and rich cultural heritage. This paper studies the use of greetings by Chinese and Korean college students through questionnaire survey, analyzes the differences between the usage learned by students from textbooks, classes or other ways and the actual use of native speakers, and finds the deficiencies of language learners in the acquisition of greetings. It reflects the characteristics of the times and social changes of greetings, and puts forward some substantive suggestions in the field of cultural development and teaching.

National Cultural Characteristics and Significance of Mongolian Folk Songs in Inner Mongolia, China

본 연구는 중국 내몽골지역 몽골족 민요의 개념에 대한 고찰과 함께 각 분류주제 중의 대표곡에 대한 가사와 더불어음악적 분석을 통해 몽골족 민요에 담긴 민족 문화적 특징과 그 계승 및 발전의 의미를 고찰해보았다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서 국내외 학계의 몽골족 민요에 관한 문헌자료 및 “내몽골 민요 명곡 통전(內蒙古民歌民曲通典)”, “몽골족 전통민요(蒙古族傳統民歌)” 등 몽골족 민요 대표적인 작품집을 참고하였다. 우선 여러 문헌자료 및 단행본 등을 통해 몽골족민요의 개념에 대해 고찰하였다. 아울러 이를 바탕으로 몽골족 민요의 각 음악장르 분류에 내포된 기능에 대해 살펴보고, 각 분류별로 대표곡 16곡을 선별하여 가사와 음악적 특징을 분석하였다. 결과적으로 네 가지 측면으로 도출할 수 있었다. 첫째, 몽골족 민요는 긴밀하게 연관된 시대적 배경과 사회상황을 사실적으로 반영할 수 있는 ‘사회적 사실성’을 지니고 있었으며 둘째, 민족적 종교문화 색채를 지닌 의식성(儀式性) 을 보여주었다. 셋째, 몽골족 민요는 민족적, 지역적및 종교적 등 여러 측면의 문화적 속성을 가진 ‘문화적 다양성’의 특징을 드러냈음을 알 수 있었다. 넷째, 몽골족 민요에서 ‘숭고하고 비장한 영웅주의’, ‘봉건 사회의 혼인 제도로 인한 비극적 색채’ 그리고 ‘자연과 이루는 화합미(和諧美)와 의경미(意境美)’ 등 몽골족 특유의 ‘민족 미학적 특징’이 나타난다는 것도 발견하였다. 또한, 몽골족 민요가 보여주는 의미에는 민족성을 계승하는 것뿐만 아니라 ‘인간과 자연이 조화롭게 공존하는 의식’을 환기시키고, 민족의 ‘문화적 정체성’과‘단결력’을 적극적으로 강화시키는데 있다. 이는 역시 음악이 한 민족의 전통문화 계승과 발전에 얼마나 중요한지를 방증하는 것이기도 하다.

THE USE OF CONCEPTUAL METAPHORS IN UZBEK-FRENCH TEXTS

Introduction. The aim of research is to reveal national-cultural and cognitive peculiarities of translation of conceptual metaphors from Uzbek into French and develop modern principles of translation of conceptual metaphors. The object of research is the conceptual metaphors selected from the novel by Erkin Azam “Noise”, short stories “A tender soul of a shorty”, “Jumble mound”, “Where is the paradise”, “Master’s dog” and their French translations. The subject of research is the national-cultural and cognitive specificity of representation of Uzbek conceptual metaphors in translation. Research methods. The thesis uses comparative, contextual, conceptual and cognitive analysis methods. Results and discussions. The scientific novelty of the research is as follows: the scientific and theoretical sources of research of conceptual metaphors in modern linguistics are studied and a philosophical paradigm of the metaphor is substantiated; a working definition of the concept "conceptual metaphor" in the Uzbek language is given; modern principles of translation of conceptual metaphors were developed; a cognitive-semantic classification of metaphors has been developed; ontological, orientational, and structural conceptual metaphors in the translation of the works by E. Azam were grouped and on their basis a short Uzbek-French dictionary of metaphors was developed; a comparative analysis of the presentation of gastronomic metaphors in translation was carried out and an Uzbek-French visual mobile application for tourists was created. Based on the research carried out: the "Uzbek-French gastronomic mobile app for tourists" based on the gastronomic metaphor presented in the works of Erkin A'zam was created and placed on Play Market. Conclusion. In the study of metaphors presented in the translations of E. A'zam's works more than 500 examples of the use of ontological, orientation, structural types of conceptual metaphors were identified. The identified examples were sorted by national-cultural features, originality, methods of translation and 250 of them were analyzed. The parsed examples are grouped into more than 10 themes as conceptual metaphors. As a result of preserving axiological, gnoseological, praxiological, creative and cognitive properties of conceptual metaphor in the French translations of Erkin A'zam's works, the existing approaches in translating this trope were characterized and their scientific-theoretical basis was developed. Based on the developed principle, the "Uzbek-French Dictionary of Metaphors" was created on the example of Erkin A'zam's works.

Mykhailo Bernov as a Pioneer of Hiking Tourism: Travel through Spain and Algeria (Part I. Spain. November 1893 — February 1894)

This article considers the formation of hiking in the Russian Empire and Europe in the late 19th century. Its socio-cultural context is also defined. Particular attention is paid to the person of Mykhailo Bernov as one of the founders of hiking in the Russian Empire and Europe and his multifaceted activities in the development of communication between peoples, social actualization of knowledge about the world. Biography, information about popularization activity and publishing activity of Mykhailo Bernov are also given.In the first part of this study, the route of Mykhailo Bernov’s journey from France to Spain, and then through Spain, Algeria and the Sahara in 1892–1893, was reconstructed on the basis of his “travel notes” “Spain, Algeria and the Sahara” (St. Petersburg, 1899) and periodical data.Mykhailo Bernov left detailed descriptions of nature, countryside and major cities of Spain, monuments of history, culture and art, accompanied by historical excursions, interpretation of their own names. Special attention is paid to the peculiarities of Spanish opera and theatrical life.It is concluded that sincere interest and respect for local traditions, thorough general training allowed Mykhailo Bernov to create in his notes a broad and colourful canvas of life of the country and people of Spain in the late 19th century, to capture the features of national culture and character. Bernov’s “travel notes” are based on direct communication with the Spanish common people, representatives of the elite and the administration, acquaintance with folk culture, examples of high art and literature. In his notes he makes comparisons of Spanish people with other nations. Bernov tried to understand Spain and its people, sought common socio-cultural features and values, and explained the features of “otherness” by nature, religion, state foundations, the course of history, and so on.Mykhailo Bernov’s notes on his travels in Spain as a source, in our opinion, contain a lot of useful and interesting information for researchers on the history of hiking, monuments, archaeology, ethnography, etc.

Cross-cultural Analysis of Main Economic Partners of the Republic of Moldova

The paper represents a comparative study of national culture features of the main commercial partners of the Republic of Moldova and the countries preferred by Moldovan citizens to emigrate: Romania, Russia, Italy and Germany. The research focused on two cultural bipolar models: Hofstede, which comprises six cultural dimensions: individualism vs. collectivism, power distance, uncertainty avoidance, masculinity vs. femininity, long-term vs. short-term orientation, indulgence vs. restraint, and Trompenaars-Hampden-Turner, which contains seven dimensions: universalism vs. particularism, individualism vs. communitarianism, neutral vs. emotional, specific vs. diffuse, achievement vs. ascription, sequential time vs. synchronous time, internal vs. external control. The established similarities and differences, knowledge of cultural specificity in international interactions, both social and economic, is an added value for individuals to successfully integrate and fit into a society, other than their native, and for businesses to be successfully managed on international level.

The History of Rice-cakes(Tteok) and the National Cultural Significance of the Tradition of Flowery Rice-cakes

이 연구는 떡의 역사에서 꽃떡 전통을 찾아서 조선족 꽃떡의 민족문화적 가치를 밝히고자 했다. 중국조선족 사회는 지역발전을 위해 문화상품 개발에 힘쓰고 있다. 연변에서 꽃떡이 새롭게 주목받고 있는데, ‘리향단궁정떡’은최근 몇 년 사이에 중국에서 조명 받는 조선족 음식 문화상품의 하나가 되었다. 다양한 떡문화는 전통의 떡음식이 변화 발전하여 이뤄졌다. 꽃떡을 통해 민족문화의 보편성과 특징을 찾아보기위해, 이 연구는 떡의 어원과 속담에 담긴 민속적 의미를 해석했다. 떡의 민족문화적 의의를 정성(精誠), 덕성(德性), 생명성(生命性) 등 세 가지 정신으로 볼 수 있었다. 한민족은 떡을 통해서도 진선미의 문화정신을 녹여 문화콘텐츠를 만들어왔던 것이다. 떡의 재료는 무한정하므로 떡에 담긴 문화정신을 알면 새로운 상품을 개발하기는 매우 쉽다. 정신적 가치를 알고 만든 문화상품은 생활문화의 수준도 함께 끌어올릴 수 있기 때문에, 이와 같은 민족학 연구는 의의가 매우 높다.This study tries to find the tradition of flowery rice-cakes in which history and reveal thenational cultural value of Korean flowery rice-cakes. For the sake of regional development, TheKorean-Chinese society is devoting itself to the development of cultural products. In recent years,the flowery rice-cakes in Yanbian has attracted renewed attention, and “Li Xiangdan royal ricecakes” has become one of the most famous cultural commodities of Korean food in China. Diversified rice-cakes culture is formed by the change and development of traditional ricecakesdiet. In order to find the universality and characteristics of national culture through floweryrice-cakes, this study interpreted the etymology of rice cakes(‘Tteok’) and the folk meaningscontained in proverbs. The national cultural significance of rice-cakes can be regarded as threespirits: sincerity, virtue and life. The Korean-Chinese created cultural products that embody thecultural spirit of truth, kindness and beauty through rice-cakes. There is no limit to the materialof rice cakes. If we understand the cultural spirit of rice cakes, we can easily develop newproducts. Understanding the spiritual value of cultural commodities can improve the level of life,hence this kind of anthropology research has a high significance.

The psychological and economic roles of culture on global underpricing difference: A new hierarchical evidence

This paper investigates the ongoing phenomenon of Initial Public Offerings (IPOs) underpricing in cross-country setting by focusing on how national cultures can exert direct and indirect influences on global underpricing difference. In the IPOs market, participants navigate between two types of information asymmetry that attributes to the existence of underpricing difference across countries. Commonly explored are internal category of information asymmetry related to firm-level characteristics and the external category associated with the characteristics of national cultures is less understood. We capture the hierarchical structure of the data across different cultural environments by employing a full Hierarchical Linear Modelling (HLM). We employ 10,212 IPO-issuing firms over 22 years covering 12 advanced, and 10 emerging countries. We find that variations in cultural dimensions measuring the psychological and economic roles of culture directly explain up to 0.999 and 0.980, respectively, while firm-level factors only explain up to 0.097 of the variability in IPO underpricing. Our results produce exclusive evidence showing that culture indirectly influences underpricing variance in three ways: first, by modifying the correlation between the incentive of IPO issuers and underpricing by up to 0.154; second, by modifying the relationship between underwriter reputation and underpricing by up to 0.010; and third, by modifying the association between ex-ante uncertainty surrounding the offering and underpricing by up to 0.273. The findings contribute to the emergent and underdeveloped literature on the association between national cultures and underpricing of IPO firms in the global market.

Culture-specific Items from Ukrainian and Russian Fairy Tales: A Daunting Challenge for Translators

Translation studies of children’s literature deserve meticulous attention today not only in the wake of active global publishing activity of books for children but due to the culture-specific information the latter may contain. Fairy tales are usually the first narratives children are introduced to and often these stories with a long-reproduction history reveal some features of national culture that form a child’s worldview. From this perspective, the research is set out to identify culture-specific items in fairy tales that originated from oral tradition and to determine what translation procedures should be used and what factors may influence the choice of the translation method. The corpus of the research includes the titles of East Slavic fairy tales limited by culture-specific items and their translations into English and German. Despite the period when translations were made and gender of translators, findings of our research show that in both languages source language-oriented translation procedures prevail in rendering proper names with denotative meaning, and target language-oriented translation methods are dominant for culture-specific common expressions and descriptive elements of proper names. The current research has allowed us to distinguish the factors that may influence the choice of a translation procedure. To this end, a scale of source language- and target language-oriented translation strategies of culture-specific items from fairy tales with the account of target reader’s age and genre has been provided for the translators to reveal the efficiency of certain translation procedures. Given the above, the study of culture-specific items in fairy tales requires a greater focus and thus further lines of inquiry are suggested in this paper.

Религиозный модернизм и фундаментализм в национальной модели политической модернизации

Being a social religious institution, the church influences the formation of basic national values and specific features of national culture. In the process of modernization, there is a process of politicization of religion through the interaction of religious and political institutions. Due to the difference in the dynamics of modernization transformations and the adaptation of religion to new historical conditions, religious and political institutions acquire unique forms of interaction. This process is accompanied by the emergence of political parties on a religious basis, the formation of new religious and public organizations under the auspices of religious institutions, and the transformation of religious teachings themselves, which has an influence on the formation of a national model of modernization.

Means of expression of the components of diminutive words in German and Uzbek languages according to national cultural features

Each language has its own elements. The suffixes (or words) denoting mutual respect, love, and intimacy are the basis of this very existence in language. In this article, the author comments on the same words or suffixes in both Uzbek and German, focusing on the extent to which they express nationality.

ETHYMOLOGY OF MEDICAL TERMS TRANSLATED INTO UZBEK FROM OTHER LANGUAGES

This article of the author is devoted to the etymology of medical terms that have been introduced into the Uzbek language from other languages. It also discusses the vocabulary, socio-historical development of the Uzbek language, its relationship with other languages and the peculiarities of word acquisition. The article analyzes medical terms, mainly from Arabic to Uzbek. In the process of analysis, the origin and semantic features of these lexical units have been thoroughly studied theoretically and practically. In this regard, the author effectively used scientific sources in Uzbek and Russian languages, as well as various dictionaries and research papers, and expressed his scientific hypothesis. Instead, he drew relevant scientific conclusions on the subject by referring to examples and evidence that differentiate the same concepts and phenomena. In particular, the article describes the etymology and national-cultural features of medical terms borrowed from Arabic into Uzbek - linguoculturology on the basis of historical and synchronous, comparative and component analysis methods. For example, the use of the complication lexeme in the Uzbek language in the sense of a sign, trace, specific feature, which appeared or appeared after an event, is associated with modern medicine in the example of today’s infectious, acute respiratory disease pandemic covid-2019. Attention is also paid to the synonym of the complication lexeme in the Uzbek language and its homonym. Many such original examples can be cited from the article. So, all of the above in a sense determines the scientific-theoretical and practical value of this article. KEYWORDS: etymology, semantics, grammar, structure, cell, masdar, sukun, uzv, cultural linguistics, component, content, lexeme, term, phraseme, neologism, respirator, pandemic, anomaly.

ОТРАЖЕНИЕ НАЦИОНАЛЬНО-КУЛЬТУРНЫХ ОСОБЕННОСТЕЙ В КУМЫКСКИХ ПОСЛОВИЦАХ И ПОГОВОРКАХ (на материале паремий с компонентом «уьй» («дом»))

Proverbs and sayings are an ancient genre of folk art. They originated in a distant time, and have their roots deep into the centuries. Many of them appeared even when there was no written language. Proverbs and sayings characterize not only folk wisdom, but also determine the ethnic identity and national-cultural features of a particular people. Their edifying message is relevant in modern society, and the brevity and simplicity of rhyme allows people of different ethnic groups to spread on aphoristic sayings from generation to generation. The analyzed paremias containing the concept of “home” differ in thematic diversity and reflect the ethnic culture of the Kumyk people: their traditional values, worldview, religious and other foundations. The home for the native speaker of the national language consciousness is a part of the unchanging environment of a person, the sphere of his existence, as well as a source of practical use. The house is a symbol of constancy, reliability and a sense of security, belonging to the family, the genus. The system of moral and ethical values, which consists in proverbs and sayings, is the result of centuries of experience, which was formed by the people. In the modern world, when traditional values can be distorted, the study of such aphoristic genres as proverbs and sayings, in the aspect of reflecting moral, ethical and moral values in them, contributes to popular education, familiarity with certain customs that should not be dissolved in time.

Understanding sense of safety and trustworthiness of tourism information among migrant visitors

PurposeThe migration-tourism discourse has gained attention in global tourism and mobility among scholars because of the vast contributions of migrant visitors to various sectors of the host country's economy, including the tourism and hospitality industry. However, few studies appear to have been undertaken on the subject matter, particularly within the developing country tourism context. The purpose of this research was to assess and understand migrant visitors' sense of safety among five different nationalities (United Kingdom, USA, Germany, China and India) and their perceptions on trustworthiness of tourism information.Design/methodology/approachAnchored on the national cultural dimension of Hofstede model, this study sampled 306 migrant visitors, with the use of one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Games–Howell post-hoc test to examine mean differences of nationalities, with regard to trust of tourism information and sense of safety. Finally, the multiple regression analysis was conducted to establish the significant effects of national culture characteristics and trustworthiness of tourism information on sense of safety of migrant visitors.FindingsThe study finds that there were no significant differences in the sense of safety by the five nationalities. However, national culture characteristics (power distance and uncertainty avoidance) and trustworthiness of tourism information were significant predictors of sense of safety of migrant visitors.Research limitations/implicationsThis research adopted only two cultural dimensions of the Hofstede's model, so future studies within the migration-tourism literature should consider adopting other cultural dimensions of the model.Practical implicationsThe research provides, first, insight into sense of safety, trustworthiness of tourism information and national culture characteristics which are relevant for destination marketers, the ministry of tourism and local tourism officials to promote safety tourism.Originality/valueThe study expands the application of the cultural dimension of Hofstede model within the migration-tourism literature and establishes that national cultural characteristics and trustworthiness of tourism information are significant predictors of sense of safety of migrant visitors.

National-Cultural Features of the Verbalizers of the Concept "Beauty / Ugliness" in English and Uzbek Languages

This article deals with the national-cultural features of the verbalizers of the concept Beauty/ugliness in English and Uzbek. In this article the author tried to analyze the process of metaphorization, which gives to identify the national and cultural peculiarities of concept Beauty / ugliness in non-related languages. While the similarities in the zlanguages show that these peoples have a single logic in their linguistic perception of material things, the differences in them reflect the differences in the worldview and mentality of these peoples, as well as the uniqueness of these peoples.

Teaching entrepreneurship in China: culture matters

PurposeThe primary purpose of this research is to explore how the cultural context, in this case, China, influences the teaching of entrepreneurship that seeks to cultivate student entrepreneurs during their university experience.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative case study approach is adopted to explore how the cultural environment affects the delivery and application of entrepreneurship education to university students in a Chinese context. Seventeen student entrepreneurs and three lecturing staff members in three Chinese universities were interviewed using a semi-structured interview approach.FindingsThe findings suggest that while Chinese universities have been importing teaching models and methods of entrepreneurship education from the United States and other countries, both students and educators are starting to recognise the need for teaching methods to be contextualised and designed based on national conditions and cultural characteristics. Findings from this study highlight cultural fusion and collision in the process of importing and implementing entrepreneurial teaching methods. For example, teaching students how to write a business plan appears to offer limited value for students' start-up activities and their venture development. The didactic teaching method centred on teachers without entrepreneurial experience works for the teaching “about” entrepreneurship but is paradoxical to the goal of teaching “for” entrepreneurship.Originality/valueLittle theoretical or empirical attention has been paid to the complexity of the cultural environment of teaching approaches to entrepreneurship education. This paper provides novel empirical insight into why the cultural environment plays a critical role in teaching approaches to entrepreneurship education and how these teaching approaches can be culturally nuanced to better meet the needs of nascent student entrepreneurs in various cultural contexts.

The Concepts Of "Goodness" And "Evil" In The Linguistic Image Of The World And Their National-Cultural Characteristics

This article discusses the linguistic image of the world and the views of various scholars and researchers on it, the concept term as one of the controversial problems of cognitive linguistics and linguocultural studies, the role of the concepts of "goodness" and "evil" in the linguistic image of the world. The national-cultural features of the concepts of "goodness" and "evil" are also illustrated by the use of English idioms and synonyms of goodness and evil.

Influence of national culture on mentoring relationship: a qualitative study of Japanese physician-scientists

BackgroundNurturing of physician-scientists is an important mission of academic medical institutes. Although the importance of mentorship in developing future physician-scientists internationally is well established, not much information is available about how they are mentored and how national cultures influence the mentoring relationship. This study explores the cultural characteristics of mentoring relationships between senior mentors and junior mentees of Japanese physician-scientists.MethodA qualitative approach has been employed to explore mentoring relationships of Japanese physician-scientists from cultural viewpoints, through semi-structured interviews with 17 mentees who had the experience of working overseas as post-doctoral research fellow. The reflection of their experiences and the perception of mentoring relationships before going abroad were thematically analyzed by applying Hofstede’s model of six cultural dimensions as a theoretical framework.ResultsTwelve characteristic themes for mentoring were observed, including trustworthy dependency on mentor, embracing paternalistic mentoring, mentee’s initiative within expectations of mentor based on power distance, a sense of loyalty to mentor/organization/colleagues, family-like relationship with mentor based on collectivism, sense of security on being led by mentor through uncertainty avoidance, motivation by role modeling for the competitive academic world, and adaption of female mentee/mentor to a male-dominated academic structure based on masculinity, a long-term relationship between mentor and mentee, receiving advice for organizational continuity based on long-term orientation, putting work before leisure, and friendly relationship between mentor and mentee outside of work based on indulgence.ConclusionsThis study identified the characteristic mentoring relationships of postgraduate mentees of Japanese physician-scientists. Considering the importance of mentoring for physician-scientists in a globalized society, understanding the characteristics of national cultures would help in ensuring culture-sensitive mentoring and would contribute to the development of academic medicine.

The national-cultural features of the language of modern advertising (Comparative study)

The national-cultural features of the language of modern advertising (Comparative study)

To the assessment of the role of national traits in the processes of the safe operation of nuclear power facilities maintenance

One of the features of the post-Fukushima development of nuclear technologies in terms of the impact of the human factor on safety is the analysis of the national context in the safety culture. The starting point for this thesis is the transboundary nature of the nuclear power safety problem, which, in turn, depends on the ability of people to act together at the national and international levels. Thus, exploring how the national context influences decision-making and the performance of production objectives, and a better understanding of national cultural characteristics, is an important topic to be developed in this article.