National Citizenship Research Articles

Cultivating global citizenship education in higher education: Learning from EFL university students’ voices

This study outlines the perceptions and views of Jordanian students regarding global citizenship at university in terms of their knowledge of global citizenship education (GCED), curricula and instruction processes. The data were collected using semi-structured interviews with fifteen English as a foreign language (EFL) university students studying in the 2022–23 academic year. The findings reveal that students had a basic understanding of GCED, which was often confused with national citizenship. Universities delivered courses that touched on GCED-related topics without focusing on the subject and academic staff required more empowerment in designing curricula or addressing GCED, as students reported that educators often presented GCED topics directly, with limited emphasis on learner-centred approaches. The study concludes by proposing recommendations for the sustainable integration of GCED into universities, encompassing documents used throughout universities and classroom pedagogical practices. These suggestions have international implications.

The formation of institutional trust among immigrants: what is the role of democracy?

ABSTRACT This article studies how trust in institutions is shaped among immigrants, considering the level of democracy in the countries of both origin and destination. Democracy is relevant to institutional trust as this system provides citizens with better performance, procedures and accountability. Immigrants use a ‘dual frame of reference’ when asked the extent to which they trust public institutions. They use their experiences in their countries of both origin and destination. Therefore, the difference between the levels of democracy in these two contexts may affect their trust in the institutions of the destination country. This article also considers the role of the length of time immigrants have lived in the host country and the age at which they migrated. Longer stays may make immigrants more similar to native citizens in their scepticism about institutions, while early-age migration may limit experience in the country of origin. To test these arguments the study applies a ‘double comparative design’ to data from the European Social Survey and the V-Dem project, and finds that trust in public institutions increases as immigrants move from less to more democratic countries, depending on their length of stay and age at migration.

From compassion to controversy: Unraveling the impact of societal resilience on the tapestry of attitudes towards Ukrainian refugees

BackgroundGlobal conflicts and geopolitical tensions are causing mass displacement, making refugee integration a pressing issue. The aftermath of Russia's 2022 invasion of Ukraine has resulted in over 5 million internally displaced Ukrainians and more than 8 million refugees settling across Europe. The success of their integration relies on the hospitality and attitudes of citizens of host nations. This study investigates factors influencing attitudes toward Ukrainian refugees in seven nearby countries, focusing on resilience, and both positive and negative coping mechanisms. MethodsA cross-sectional questionnaire study gathered data mostly through Internet panel samples from Georgia, Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia, the Czech Republic, Estonia, and Romania. The instruments employed in this present study include: attitudes towards refugees, societal resilience, individual resilience, community resilience, hope, morale, feeling safe at home, well-being, sense of danger, distress symptoms, post-traumatic stress disorder, perceived threats, and government support. ResultsAttitudes toward Ukrainian refugees vary across nations, with Georgia and Estonia displaying the highest acceptance (3.92 and 3.29, respectfully), and Slovakia and the Czech Republic (2.63 and 2.5, respectfully) exhibiting lower levels of positivity. Societal resilience emerged as a key factor influencing positive attitudes towards refugees. Other predictors included hope, individual and community resilience, PTSD, education, gender, and perceived threats. Females and higher-educated individuals expressed more favorable attitudes. ConclusionsFostering societal resilience and positive coping strategies is essential for refugees' integration, with targeted interventions, educational programs, and awareness campaigns playing a significant role in building empathy and aiding their acceptance. Policies should encourage social inclusion and economic opportunities for refugees and host communities, addressing negative societal attitudes. These findings may inform crisis support and policies enhancing attitudes toward refugees in host communities.

PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA TANAH DI TIMOR LESTE OLEH DIRECÇÃO NACIONAL DE TERRAS, PRORIEDADES E SERVIÇOS CADASTRAIS (DNTPSC) DENGAN METODE MEDIASI BERDASARKAN LEI NU 1/2003

PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA TANAH DI TIMOR LESTE OLEH DIRECÇÃO NACIONAL DE TERRAS, PRORIEDADES E SERVIÇOS CADASTRAIS (DNTPSC) DENGAN METODE MEDIASI BERDASARKAN LEI NU 1/2003

From Nations to the European Union: A New Emerging Type of Society

Revisiting the sociological concepts of nation and reciprocities formulated by Marcel Mauss, the hypothesis of the European Union is put forward as a new type of society in which each member is integrated by the multiple differences in and between themselves, unlike nations whose homogenizing tendency comes from direct reciprocity between each member and the entire society. In this sense, supranational unions would result in communities that are both originally and intentionally diverse, while such international relations of indirect reciprocities within their scope would make national citizenships permeable to human diversity (mainly cultural) in general. Therefore, the current unification of European nations is a case whose study can foresee problems and possibilities of such unions to be undertaken in other planetary quadrants.

‘Citizenship as incorporated beyond’ – Challenging national citizen–migrant categorisations with transnational (post)colonial relations of incorporating agrifood

ABSTRACT Migrant activists in Bremen, Germany, challenge classifications of people as national citizens or migrants by highlighting the (post)colonial and capitalist relations that have contributed and continue to contribute to this citizen–migrant divide. Based on ethnographic research and using the relational–ontological tools of material semiotics, I concretise these alternative-knowledge claims by tracing two of many entanglements (1) between the EUropean border regime, the exploitation of migrant labour in the agrifood industry, and the enactment of European citizens and companies and (2) with the (post)colonial histories underpinning these exploitative relations. First, I argue that citizen bodies and migrants’ labouring bodies are intimately related in bodily, fleshy ways. Moreover, corporations that pay taxes for national states are materially related to transnational, (post)colonial migrant labour. Second, I contribute to the literature that challenges the notion of independent individual national citizens or states. Considering citizenship–migrant categorisation based on those agrifood relations, I conceptualise ‘citizenship as incorporated beyond’. This means that national citizens and body politics such as Germany have been and continue to be brought into being by incorporating (i.e. eating, embodying, forming a corporate body, black boxing), among others, (relations of) agrifood from beyond their ‘national’ bodies and borders.

Registered nurses' perceptions of healthy lifestyle counselling for immigrants in primary healthcare: A focus group study.

The use of primary healthcare and health promotion services is low among immigrants compared with native citizens. Immigrants are at risk of developing chronic diseases due to genetics, nutrition and a sedentary lifestyle. Registered nurses play an integral role in teaching, counselling for a healthy lifestyle and care coordination in primary healthcare. We aimed to explore the perceptions of registered nurses on healthy lifestyle counselling for preventing type 2 diabetes and other chronic diseases among immigrants in the primary healthcare setting. We performed a qualitative descriptive study using focus group interviews. Data were collected with semi-structured focus group interviews with a total of 23 registered nurses working in primary healthcare. We recruited the participants by using the purposive sampling method in the primary healthcare setting of four municipalities in Finland. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed with qualitative inductive content analysis. The participants' perceptions were related to (1) uniform counselling practice for both immigrants and native citizens, (2) challenges in counselling immigrants, (3) understanding cultural factors influencing immigrant counselling, (4) the need to improve immigrant counselling and (5) utilizing insights from practical experience to improve the counselling service. Developing a culturally sensitive health promotion service is suggested to support the health of immigrants. Moreover, both migrant communities and healthcare professionals should be involved in co-designing and implementing health promotion projects through a community-based participatory approach. Our study contributes to healthcare practice and management by underscoring the need for culturally tailored health promotion services for the at-risk group of immigrants in primary healthcare. Cultural competence in nursing education needs to be reinforced. The provided recommendations inform researchers and policymakers about the health disparities and health needs of immigrants. Healthcare professionals were consulted in the study design.

Unwelcome Immigrants Knocking on the Door: Demographic Features of Immigrants and Populist Attitudes Rising in South American Countries

Previous studies examining the link between immigration and populism have found mixed empirical results. By focusing on the populist attitude among native citizens, this article revisits the question of how immigration affects populism. In addition, we investigate this relationship in South America where immigrants are more educated, and skilled and have similar cultural or historical roots to native citizens. By using Latino Barometro data from 2000 to 2018, our empirical analysis of 10 South American countries finds that immigration fuels the populist attitude among citizens in South American countries. We also demonstrate the proportion of working-age immigrants or the level of economic development of immigrants’ home countries can change the influence of immigration on populism. These findings suggest that despite different features of immigration in this region than observed in other regions such as Europe the link between immigration and populism still holds.

Healing the Bloody Line: Suturing Indians and Pakistanis into Hindi Cinema and Pakistani Telesoaps

ABSTRACT The asymmetry of political with social, linguistic and cultural borders and the contradiction between national citizenship and cultural belonging is now an established trope in the discussion of borders in Partition Studies. Less examined is the dissolution of political boundaries through non state actors’ using informal or formal tactics like kinship and friendship relations, family visits and pilgrimage tours, cultural exchanges and collaborations, linguistic, regional and cultural associations and cinematic and televisual flows for inclusion exclusion of the “other.” Salter’s metaphor of the suture offers an analogous metaphor for the borders whose scars refuse to heal and continue to regulate intercommunal and international relations on the Indian subcontinent till now. But suture, in its extended meaning, also explains Indians and Pakistanis being stitched into the “other’s” cultural texts to be interpellated as cross-border cinematic or televisual subjects. Through examining the diverse ways that Indians and Pakistanis are sutured as viewers, audience and consumers of each other’s cultural products such as Hindi cinema or Pakistani telesoaps and form cross-border viewing publics, this paper illustrates the process of debordering.

RAZÕES DO ESTADO IMPERIAL PARA A CRIAÇÃO DO CURSO JURÍDICO EM PERNAMBUCO

This work has as a proposal to discuss the reasons that led the Brazilian ImperialState to create the legal course in Pernambuco, as well as on the aspects thatmade the Law Faculty of Recife, one of the most important centers ofknowledge, modern history and Contemporary art from Brazil. For this, we seekin the structures, policies of the Brazilian Imperial State, the elements for thecreation of the legal course in Pernambuco. Historiographical rescue innewspapers and books, of the evolution of the legal thought of the time, thatwas fomented, in Pernambuco lands, realizing a survey of the proposals ofcreation of the legal courses in Brazil, as well as of the law of 11/08/1827 , Whichcreates legal courses in Brazil. The period of study of this research refers to theyears from 1822 to 1870, although we have to use diachronism to establish atemporal logic for the structure of understanding the facts that marked this newstage of national knowledge. Education in Brazil until the arrival of the royalfamily in 1808 summed up the Jesuit experiences of the Society of Jesus. Withthe advent of Brazil's independence in 1822, ideas about a system of educationof its own began to circulate in Brazil. This system of education, which was onceonly destined for the subjects of the crown, won defenders for its generalization,as a right of every citizen of the new nation. Pernambuco constituted possiblythe main focus of liberalism in the country, which contradicted the absolutismof Dom Pedro I, the ideologies that come every time from Europe and theUnited States, aroused the harsh and rebellious character of one of the mostThe Brazilian state. The choice of the city of São Paulo seems obvious, thealready outstanding port of Santos, the proximity of the crown facilities and thealready incipient infrastructure, the province represented the organization ofpolitics and economic activity, the interests of development of the countryfavored the City. But the choice of Olinda dates back to the year 1800, whenAzeredo Coutinho, bishop of Olinda and acting governor of Pernambuco,founded a modeling seminary. This institute inaugurated in 22/02/1800 wouldhouse in 1827 the then legal faculty. Pernambuco was the main representativeof liberal ideas, had already revolted and persuaded other provinces do thesame. The choice of Pernambuco as the seat of one of the faculties seems upto the moment of this research, as a strategic choice of vigilance ready forpunishment. Dom Pedro I, who had already punished the province ofPernambuco, with detachment from the extensive territory of the District of SanFrancisco, would have the faculty as the eyes of the crown the watch over therebellious province. After the transfer of the faculty of Olinda to Recife, it waspossible to verify a literary production, that would not change the educationalpanorama of the State, would lead to deep discussions about the same. Thissystem of education, which was once only destined for the subjects of thecrown, won not only defenders for its popularization, as it was incorporated,the order of the new studies, among them that of criminal law so stagnant.

The Financial Market of Indices of Socioeconomic Well-Being

This study discusses how financial economic theory and its quantitative tools can be applied to create socioeconomic indices and develop a financial market for the so-called “socioeconomic well-being indices”. In this study, we quantify socioeconomic well-being by assigning a dollar value to the well-being factors of selected countries; this is analogous to how the Dow 30 encapsulates the financial health of the US market. While environmental, social, and governance (ESG) financial markets address socioeconomic issues, our focus is broader, encompassing national citizens’ well-being. The dollar-denominated socioeconomic indices for each country can be viewed as financial assets that can serve as risky assets for constructing a global index, which, in turn, serves as a “market of well-being socioeconomic index”. This novel global index of well-being, paralleling the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA), provides a comprehensive representation of the world’s socioeconomic status. Through advanced financial econometrics and dynamic asset pricing methodologies, we evaluate the potential for significant downturns in both the socioeconomic well-being indices of individual countries and the aggregate global index. This innovative approach allows us to engineer financial instruments akin to portfolio insurance, such as index puts, designed to hedge against these downturn risks. Our findings propose a financial market model for well-being indices, encouraging the financial industry to adopt and trade these indices as mechanisms to manage and hedge against downturn risks in well-being.

The Plausibility Check of Governmental and Legal Intervention to the Free Market System

The notion that the market plays a significant role in empowering national economies has been consistently supported by several academic studies and corroborated by historical evidence. However, the process of achieving sustainable and inclusive economic development necessitates more than just relying on the free market system as the sole driving force. This study employs a literature review as the research methodology to initially examine the advantages of the market in terms of economic development. Additionally, it delves deeper into investigating the potential adverse consequences resulting from unrestricted market freedom. In the absence of government intervention, the free market may succumb to the influence of the affluent, ultimately diminishing its capacity to stimulate economic growth. This paper draws upon the principles of microeconomic theories, institutional economic theories, and economic law theories to argue that the activities of economic agents in the free market should be subject to institutional regulations in the form of rules and laws. Such regulations are necessary to ensure that the free market can have a positive impact on both the economy and the welfare of the nation's citizens.

Enhancing Electoral Integrity: A Fingerprint-Verified Voting System for Fair and Secure Elections

Voting is a significant method through which citizens in democratic nations like India can express their opinions. Voters often use polling booths to cast their ballots. Voting is now done via an electronic voting machine thanks to advancements in technology. This essay discusses a fingerprint-verified voting machine that is Internet of Things based. The primary goals of this project are to decrease voting malpractices and make voting safer with fingerprint verification. Voter information is kept in a database along with their fingerprint. The system verifies the user's Aadhaar number and, if verified, determines whether more than one vote has been cast if the fingerprint matches the stored fingerprint. A "Matching failed" message will appear if the fingerprint matching is incorrect, and an "Aadhar not match" message will appear if the Aadhaar number is incorrect. The controller used in this project is an Arduino Uno. The user's fingerprint is used for authentication. Everybody's fingerprints differ from one another, if not slightly. A notification stating "Already voted" will appear in the event of malpractice. The ballot card is displayed and the result is stored on the cloud using the Arduino IDE for board programming. Only authorized voters may cast ballots, and the system alerts users to instances of fraud. This project ensures fair elections and protects citizens' right to vote.

Корейцы на Урале в 1920–1930-е гг.: мобильность, социальный облик и структуры

This article is devoted to the migration of Koreans to the Urals in the 1920s and 1930s. It focuses on migration, socio-demographic appearance, and the social structures of Korean migrants. The study is based on archival documents, the censuses of 1926 and 1939, and books in memory of the victims of political repression in the regions of Chelyabinsk, Sverdlovsk, and Perm. The territorial framework was chosen as the overwhelming majority of Koreans in the Urals lived within these three regions that. The theoretical and methodological framework was the theory of mobility. Koreans moved to the Urals from the Far East to receive education and employment in large industrial and cultural centers. The military-political situation in the Russian-Chinese border area was heating up and the Koreans began to be perceived by the authorities as an undesirable social element. There was a shortage of fertile land and ideas about the gradual resettlement of Koreans were floated. These all served as push factors for citizens of Korean nationality and contributed to their move to the interior of the country, including the Urals. The deportation of Koreans and repression against them led to the fact that Koreans actually “dissolved” into the local population for a long time, and they became known only after several decades.

Of hovels and homes: consumption, class, and domestic space in early republican Turkey

In histories of preventing and treating tuberculosis, many physicians came to prioritize the place and role of the home by the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. This was as true in the West as it was in the late Ottoman Empire. Also common, practices of scapegoating the poor and other marginalized populations as TB’s sources and carriers were pervasive. In this article, we examine how ideas of health, TB, and home converged to accentuate class in the ostensibly objective public health literature and propaganda of late Ottoman and early republican Turkey. Analyzing both textual and graphic narratives found in primary sources written in Ottoman Turkish, our study explores how officials – lacking resources and alternatives – opted to pursue ambitious public health propaganda campaigns to at least achieve broad educational inoculation of the population. In doing so, rudimentary matters of treatment were taught and legislated in ways that aligned with the contemporary propagation of national citizenship.

Assessing drivers of estuarine debris using a Bayesian spatial modelling approach (INLA-SPDE)

Estuaries are under increasing pressure from urbanization, including through the release of domestic wastes such as anthropogenic debris. Growing concern over environmental contamination has led to management interventions, aimed at reducing the further release of debris. Effective strategies, however, require an understanding of the factors influencing the abundance and distribution of debris. Estuaries pose a challenge to assess debris trends due to the myriad of factors that influence debris patterns. Here we present a Bayesian approach to assess spatial patterns in debris across four estuaries of New South Wales, Australia. We provide an overview of debris composition and employ Integrated Nested Laplace Approximation (INLA) alongside Stochastic Partial Differential Equation (SPDE) to produce three models testing predictors of debris abundance: (i) non spatial, (ii) a model accounting for spatial autocorrelation and (iii) accounting for spatial autocorrelation and introducing the estuarine foreshore as a barrier. Data was sourced from cleanups reported within the Australian Marine Debris Initiative (AMDI), a national citizen science program coordinated by the Tangaroa Blue Foundation. The data, from 169 sampling events between 2012 and 2017 was used. All models tested predictors against the abundance of hard plastic, expanded plastic, plastic bags, and plastic drink bottles. Plastic was the dominant component, ranging from 69% to 82% of total debris within the study estuaries. Important predictors differed across debris types and included ‘distance to estuary mouth’, access to foreshore, population, and site substrate. Specific factors differed in importance when accounting for spatial autocorrelation, demonstrating the need for spatial approaches when assessing debris trends within estuaries. The present Bayesian approach could be used to better understand drivers of estuarine debris and inform interventions for effective management.

The Rekindling of the Clash of Civilizations A Debate on Immigration Policy Standing

Supposedly, migrants migrate to a host nation and would become a member of the host nation as they acquire citizenship or residency in the host nation. There shall be no distinction between migrant citizens and non-migrant citizens in the host nations, as they share the same rights and civil responsibilities. Migrant citizens and non-migrant citizens would blend together into the community and society. However, the reality is that migration becomes a social issue as there are debates between political sides in host nations and conflicts between migrants and non-migrants. In order to explore solutions to migration conflicts, this research aims to analyze Huntingtons Clash of Civilizations theory in an immigration setting to argue why a more thoughtful immigration approach based on the culture of the host and guest is suitable in the current world setting, instead of a liberal approach like Derridas cosmopolitanism, and how to execute a thoughtful immigration approach.

Poetic Emancipation: Wissenschaft des Judentums and the Study of Folk-Narratives

Abstract The present article aims at explaining the unique role the study of folk-narrative played in the Wissenschaft des Judentums (the scholarly study of Judaism) as it emerged in the nineteenth century and first half of the twentieth century and as it was negotiated later. This article engages how the language of Wissenschaft constructed Jewish texts in the language of folk-narrative studies. And how the language of folk-narrative studies constructed Jewish culture in the language of Wissenschaft. Given the status of scholars within this movement – Jews who were citizens of European nations – they demonstrated the affinities between Jewish folk-narrative traditions and Islamic narrative traditions; on the other hand, they used a poetic language that implemented European (mainly German) genres and forms of scholarship that were viewed as objective and scientific in their studies of Jewish texts. The article examines three works by three scholars from three generations of the Wissenschaft movement: Moritz Steinschneider, Ignaz Goldziehr and Bernhard Heller – each corresponding respectively to one genre: legend, myth and folktale.

Expulsions: Knowledge, temporality, and materiality in Africa

ABSTRACT Expulsions remake knowledge and experience of time, space and the body. However, they have largely been studied and theorized through histories of Europe or within contemporary global racial capitalism, sheared off its longer global histories. This special issue anchors the study of expulsions in historical experiences and conceptualizations from a variety of African contexts over time. Expulsions are tightly entwined with the formation of knowledge and power-including area studies and academic disciplines, national citizenship and the making of nation-states. This introduction charts the ways expulsions as time-bending and chronology-blurring processes are integral to the naturalization of communities, groups and the body as subjects of scholarly and political work. At the same time, it argues that expulsions are relational, violent processes that defy temporal bounding, move across spatial scales and dislodge epistemological logic. Material landscapes are key sites through which expulsive processes are mediated, embedded and remembered, even as they are impinged upon by the violence of expulsions. This special issue argues that the study of expulsions opens conceptual questions about how knowledge, time and material forms are constituted.

The Public Finance Position of Immigrants in Europe: A Quantile Regression Approach

We contrast the net fiscal position (NFP) of immigrants versus natives using data from the European Survey on Living Conditions for 2007–2015. Using a quantile regression approach, we find that European and non-European migrants have a different fiscal position from natives only on the extreme tails of the NFP distribution. Non-EU migrants contribute even more than natives in the top quantile of the NFP, but they are more fiscally dependent than native citizens in the lowest quantile. These findings suggest that immigrants are not a public finance burden and do not increase public spending in the destination country. We also examine the relationship between migrants’ fiscal position and the fiscal perception of natives versus migrants as measured in the European Social Survey. We believe that by examining the effects of migrants on public spending, we can gain valuable insights into the economic implications of immigration and develop evidence-based migration policies, fostering integration.