National Archetypes Research Articles

National archetypes in the master’s biography (the case study of «Veselka», the symphony fantasy by Viktor Telychko)

The thesis objective is to identify the key national archetypes that are crucial for a creative personality’s lifelong creativity; to reveal the specifics of their explication in «Veselka», Viktor Telychko’s symphonic fantasy. The research methodology is based on the complex approach and embraces a number of the following methods: biographical – by involving the key events of the master’s being; culture studies – by characterizing civilizational impacts reflected in the master’s conscience; semiotic – by interpreting ancient symbols implemented by the suggested artistic sample; music studies – by considering the genre and style-forming parameters of the opus; analytical – by working on the body of research related to the aforementioned problematic field; systemic – by comprehensive view on the research subject; theoretic generalization – by summarizing the thesis results. Science novelty. For the first time ever, the dominant national archetypes of a master’s chronicle were identified, and their manifestation was revealed within an artistic artefact. Conclusions. An archetype is an unconscious fundamental scheme of notions, signs and symbols common for the whole humanity. For Ukrainian culture, the following ones are critical: home, Motherland, parents, land, temple, light, etc. Most of them are represented by the biographies of prominent masters. The composer’s practice by Viktor Telychko broadcasts the phenomena under consideration through folklore, which is a constituent of his opuses. In «Veselka» symphony fantasy, they appear as a content element able to represent significant information about the Ukrainians’ mentality and the author’s ontological strategy. The dominant ancient images of the artwork are as follows: Motherland revealed through the author’s connection with the native location and quoting on Zakarpattia’s songs; the native land that means life, wisdom, spiritual power, appeal to the native location; father embodying peace, calmness, emotional support; the circle that represents eternity, rebirth, aspiring after self-perfection for the evolution of the native land. The manifestation, which is the structure of a music sample similar to a cyclic motion; the teacher who reveals the issue of guidance appealing to the artistic heritage of the prominent masters of the region; the main character who reflects striving for eternal ideals characteristic of Victor Telychko and is interpreted via high-hearted and persistent intonations; love that celebrates deep lyrical and poetic feelings and appears as the mental basis of Ukrainian sensuality. The masterpiece is united by the spiritual light archetype (the rainbow) that manifests hope and joy.

AN ARCHETYPAL ANALYSIS OF VASYL SIMONENKO’S WORK IN THE CONTEXT OF NATIONAL COMMEMORATIVE PRACTICES

The article deals with the creative heritage of the Sixties poet Vasyl Symonenko through the prism of the archetypal method. The methodological basis of the research is the principle of interdisciplinarity, methods of archetypal and comparative analysis, as well as the concept of language as a «house of being» (M.Heidegger). The relevance of this consideration is due to the growing theoretical and practical interest of social philosophy in various historical and cultural forms of spiritual phenomena of resistance and social cohesion under totalitarian pressure. The presence of markers of psychoanalytic structures of Jungian archetypes of the Self, Shadow, and Mother, as well as paradigms of Sophia, the Earth archetype, agrarian and Cossack background of Ukrainian mentality, high status of the family and value attitude to the past, substantiated by the theory of Ukrainian national archetypes and studies of Ukrainian mentality, is revealed in the poet’s civil lyrics. The author traces the manifestations of the philosophy of freedom, human dignity and national self-determination in the poetic word. As a result of the study, it is also noted that V.Symonenko’s poetry is characterized by vivid features of individualism, Ukraine-centrism, emotionality, courage or individual rebellion, which is a way of manifesting one’s national identity in the context of colonialism. The central idea of the study is that the archetypal method is a modern scientific method that offers a wide range of interpretations in the field of humanities, explication of philosophical meanings and problematization of collective phenomena of humanization of life, including the study of national cultures. One of the important conclusions of the article is the thesis about the ontological status of the socio-cultural phenomenon of the Sixties as a manifestation of non-conformism and counteraction to dogmatism, in the worldview of which the philosophy of dignity, freedom, protection of national identity, cultural pluralism and creative expression were important.

Archetypes in Ukrainian Choreographic Culture and Folk-Stage Dances

The purpose of the article is to analyse archetypes in the choreographic works of Ukrainian folk stage dance as elements of choreographic culture. The research methodology is based on the use of a combination of the source method, which is applied to the study of scientific literature and periodicals regarding archetypes; cultural analysis to reveal the peculiarities of archetypes in P. Virskyi's choreographic works, in particular “Hopak”, “What the Willow Weeps about”, “Hops” and the national ballet “Forest Song” by S. Sergeev); as well as generalising method to update and specify basic information about archetypes and Ukrainian choreographic culture. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the understanding of the archetypes of Ukrainian folk choreographic culture and folk stage dances in the specified performances. Conclusions. The relevance of the study of scientific literature and periodicals related to archetypes is determined: the meaning of the concepts “collective unconscious” and “archetypes” (K. G. Jung); definition of national archetypes such as “Home”, “Field”, “Temple”, “Mother”, “Light”, “Time” (S. Krymskyi) and “philosophy of the heart” (P. Yurkevych, G. Skovoroda, T. Shevchenko); introduction into scientific circulation of the concept of “archetype of national culture” and their varieties (N. Khamitov); generalisation and systematisation of the main archetypes of the Ukrainian mentality (O. Bychkoviak). The embodiment of archetypes: in the folk choreographic culture and their analysis in the ballet master heritage of Pavlo Virsky, “Dolls”, “Oh, under the cherry”, “Zaporozhtsi”, “Chumatsky joys” (L. Kozynko). The embodiment of archetypes has already been analysed in other choreographic productions by P. Virsky, such as “Hopak”, “What the Willow Weeps about”, “Hops” and the national ballet “Forest Song” by S. Sergeev. We can consider “hopak” not only as a dance with the illumination of archetypes in it, but also as an independent archetype: a kind of code of Old Slavic culture (S. Krymskyi), ethnocode (V. Shkorinenko), identification of hopak with a symbol and personification with the whole Ukrainian folk choreographic culture (A. Pidlypska).
 Keywords: archetype; dance; Ukrainian folk stage dance; Ukrainian choreographic culture; ballet; ballet master heritage.

Transformation of National Archetypes in the New Socio-Cultural Code of the Epoch in the Novels by M. Sholokhov and I. Babel of the 1920s

The problem of interaction of different cultures in the modern world is very acute. It is connected not only with the multicultural space of Russia. Any country in the world is forced to solve a difficult task: how to ensure the most prosperous and fruitful coexistence and cooperation of representatives of different nationalities within the borders of the state and the national language. Culture and literature solve a similar problem. Interest in the “multicultural field” of Russian literature began to be actively formed in the XIX century, but it reached its maximum point of development in the 1920s at the “breaking of epochs”, at the time of the formation of a new socio-cultural code of the era. In the literature of the post-revolutionary years, there was active work not only on the formation of a new worldview, but also on the creation of a new social and international culture, using the most understandable and meaningful markers of this culture for the readership, i.e. a new code of the era, significantly different from its predecessor. In the article we will consider how dramatically one of the key archetypes of national consciousness (the image of a mother woman) has changed under the influence of new social relations and how this phenomenon has been reflected in the prose of Sholokhov and Babel.

The image of the mother in the novel «Bread and salt» by M. Stelmakh

The article examines the image of Kateryna Chaichenko, in particular reveals the essence of the concept of «mother’s image», emphasizes the peculiarities of the national archetypes of the image of the Mother. The purpose of the article is to investigate the image of the mother in the novel «Bread and salt» by M. Stelmakh. A careful reading of the text of the novel gave reason to single out the following components of the image of Kateryna Chaichenko: the author presents the woman's appearance very succinctly – short, thin; her relationship with her son and his children: Ivan Chaichenko and his wife and children live with their mother; the relationship between Kateryna Chaychenko and her daughter-in-law is good, the women get along with each other; the mother’s love for her son is so strong that the woman sacrifices her life – she agrees to sell the family’s house and land, so that Ivan Chaichenko and his family have money for the trip and for the first time, while they get settled and establish life in a new place; the woman is extremely kind: she goes «to the storeroom», that is, she rents a storeroom from the same poor family as hers; the woman takes care of the numerous children of the Granchaks, with whom she lives, for free, because there is nothing to pay her; gradually she gives them for food the grain that her son left her, so that she could sow it in the spring; the woman gives the last grain to Granchakas to save a child’s life; Kateryna Chaychenko sacrifices herself for the second time – she goes to the parish clerk to ask for some grain and permission to beg. At the same time, she understands that she does not have much time left to live, perhaps until the next winter, when, begging from village to village, she will freeze on the road or under someone’s blanket. The image of Kateryna Chaichenko is close to the archetypal image of the Good Mother.

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AS THE FIELD OF SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITY: SOCIAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS

The national model of administrative and legal regulation of public relations occupies the stage of reform in accordance with generally accepted international standards and represents the field of scientific activity. The state represented by authorized entities should implement policy and specific measures aimed at creating favourable conditions for scientific activity, including proper material support of scientists and transparent financing procedures.The aim of the study was to explore the state of legal and institutional regulation of public relations in the field of scientific activity by determining the tendency of transformation the concept of “state governance” in “public administration”; to highlight the scientific activity as an object of public administration; to substantiate the influence of socio-economic factors on public administration in the field of scientific activity in Ukraine and to articulate specific recommendations for reforming the management mechanism applied in the field of scientific activity.
 Material and methods. Systematic analysis method, dialectical method, formal-logical method, structural-functional method and empirical methods were used in the study.Results. The study showed, there is no legal determination of the concept “field of science” in Ukraine. This concept means the scientific activity. Nowadays, the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine works both in the field of science and in the field of scientific activity, but they are not essentially different from 1991-2010 years, when the field of science was not singled out as an object of regulation of this authorized entity of public administration. Tendency to increase the role of public administration in the field of scientific activity occured due to a combination of public factors, including the low wage level of scientific and pedagogical employees. At the same time, the practical implementation of managerial influence on the field of scientific activity partially corresponds to the concept “state governance and regulation” due to the lack of proper legal status of scientific activity entities and the discrepancy between the implemented reforms in the field of science and the national archetypes of scientific activity.The findings may be useful for practitioners and theorists, whose activity with regard to public administration and scientific field is updated by the actualization of democratization tendency in governance.The subject of the study has been investigated for the first time in Ukraine and needs further investigation.

Қазақстанныңөркениеттілік дамуындағы жапондық модельдің маңыздылығы

The Kazakh state, which has achieved independence, faces the task of preserving national archetypes and making them compatible with the values of modern worldcivilization. For Kazakhstan, there is a danger of getting stuck under the cover of globalization, under the influence of many religious influences that cause cultural decline, entering the modern era of globalization. Today, Kazakh culture needs to choose a path based on the traditions of the nation within the framework of civilization, or the process of mass culture. The purpose of the article is to study the experience of foreign countries for Kazakhstan, which today sets the task of becoming one of theadvanced, competitive countries of the world. In particular, to consider the logic of the civilizational development of Japan, which was able to reproduce a kind of model of the dynamic development of modern society in the conditions of technological progress and informatization. At the same time, it is important that Japan, in the context of globalization, has managed to maintain a balance in preserving the identity, traditions and innovative trends of culture. Kazakhstan, which has its own characteristics, also creates a model of its development in the conditions of post-totalitarian transformations. Programs aimed at preserving the national cultural heritage are being successfully implemented in Kazakhstan today. At the turn of the XX-XXI centuries, there was a need to effectively create a new image –a full-fledged part of the civilized world, an advanced innovative country combined with the successful use of centuries-old history and loyalty to spiritual traditions. To do this, it is necessary to harmoniously combine the achievements of modern civilization, from technological innovations to political institutions, with the values of traditional ethnoculture.

Pomiędzy Sherlockiem Holmesem a Eberhardem Mockiem: Hotel „Wielkie Prusy” Bohdana Kołomijczuka

The subject of the analysis in this paper is the novel by Bohdan Kolomiichuk entitled The Great Prussia Hotel. From the genre point of view, the piece fits seamlessly into the so-called retro detective story with elements of the noir novel. The author’s variant of the retro detective story is clearly inspired by the classics of the genre, such as Artur Conan Doyle or Agata Christie (also contemporary ones, already containing further original modifications, such as Marek Krajewski or Konrad Lewandowski). This translates, for example, into the construction of the main character. Thus, a hybrid character is created, which appears to be a conglomerate of the features of Sherlock Holmes and Eberhard Mock. One should also pay attention to the construction of the novel space. Mapping activates various cultural and historical codes, it is not only an element accompanying the development of the plot but an expression of counter-hegemonic practice - the opposition to superficial top-down unification, anonymization and denationalization. Kolomiichuk’s novel can therefore be considered a borderland work in some places due to its multi-address character and a certain historical verve. In this context, at times drifting somewhat towards postmodernism, the Hotel smoothly fits into the trend of opening up popular literature to hybridity, borderline and multi-genre, visible since the turn of the 20th and 21st century, while taking into account national archetypes, images and motifs, and correlating them with the global (also contemporary) classics of the genre.

National Archetypes in Modern Content of Japanese Cultural Policy Model

The purpose of the article is to reveal the content and main directions of implementation of the model of cultural policy in Japan. Its peculiarities related to the traditional worldview, visuality, sensuality, and oriental aesthetics, and combined with the orientation towards human values are substantiated. This model, the main recipient of which is young people, unlike many models of Western countries, is implemented within the framework of mass culture, significantly influences American culture and is attractive to residents of other regions. The researchmethodology consists in the use of such approaches as synchronic and diachronic analysis, phenomenology and hermeneutics in the selection and analysis of works of art, strategies of cultural policy of Japan. Scientific novelty of the work is the first cultural analysis of the combination of traditional and modern cultural heritage in such leading genres of Japanese visual art as anime and manga. Conclusions. Due to the sensual nature of the authors' nature, the products of the Japanese creative industry reflect on such important universal problems as ecology, social injustice, moments of important emotional experiences of teenagers at their tender age and family values. The important contextual content of anime and manga is presented in an extremely aesthetic visual form, which often makes animation and literature equal to works of art. Many animated films and series are considered by connoisseurs to be an example of an ideal balance of visual and semantic load, which allows both to plunge into philosophical reflections on the meaning of life, one's place in society, or the existence of the dichotomy of good-evil, and simply to satisfy aesthetic needs in contemplation of beauty. Thus, the combination of Japanese thought and Western technology was realised in products – anime and manga – that became desirable in European and Western countries. Key words: cultural policy, Japan, anime, manga, Shinto, visual thinking, tradition, universal values.

National archetypes as a modus of resistance poetry in Russian-Ukrainian war

The purpose of the article is to reveal the types of national archetypes of resistance poetry created during the full-scale invasion 2022 of Russian-Ukrainian war.
 Poetry of the resistance of the first months of the full-scale invasion 2022 of Russian-Ukrainian war reflects the emotional upheaval of the nation, the conscious and unconscious perception of tragic events. This socio-cultural and spiritual phenome-non contributes to the worldview transformation of society, therefore the emergence foundations of war poetry of the highest quality deserve profound research.
 The methodology. Research with a use of the cultural-historical method based on the systematization and generalization of the researched material reveals national archetypes of war poetry.
 The results. The surge of poetic creativity in the genre of war poetry is explained, firstly, by the suffering during the first months of the war due to the internal conflict of the personality (“This cannot be for real!”) and the conflict returned from the outside (“This is unforgivable!”) Secondly, psychological traumas (losses of family and friends, homes, forced displacement, etc.) prompt the search for rescue beacons. Through the representation of the author’s worldview on tragic events, the individual, transformed at the level of artistic experience, becomes collective.
 The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that for the first time an analysis of the poetry of resistance of the first months of the full-scale invasion 2022 of Russian-Ukrainian war was carried out.
 Conclusions. The appeal to national archetypes became a modus of resistance poetry as a result of rethinking during the period of upheaval of the cultural paradigm and the search for ways of national identification.

The Archetype of Ideal City in the Naive Painting of Russian Artists of the 20th Century

The archetype of ideal city is one of the most significant in the development of world culture due to the fact that the idea of perfect world order, embodied in a spatial image, has reflected from ancient times the most important value orientations of the cultures of the Middle Ages and the Modern Times, both of the West and of the East. In Russian culture, the archetype of ideal city is embodied in the images of the Heavenly Jerusalem and the City of Kitezh. We have chosen as an object of research the works of Russian naive artists of the 20th century, which allows us to trace the development dynamics of this archetype in modern Russian culture. The subject of the research is the embodiment and peculiar interpretation of the archetype of ideal city in the works of naive artists Pavel Petrovich Leonov (1920—2011), Vagan Yerevandovich Sakiyan (1926—2002), Yury Dmitryevich Deev (1944—1998). The aim is to identify culturally conditioned interpretations of the national archetypes of ideal city in the naive art of the twentieth century. The article also conducts a multi-level cultural research of the creative world of the naive artists P.P. Leonov, V.E. Sakiyan and Yu.D. Deev, revealing the most characteristic features of this art phenomenon. The study of national Russian culture involves referring to a number of works on cultural studies, philosophy, mythology, history, philology, folklore studies, etc., devoted to the issues of national archetypes. The analysis of the naive painting works by Russian artists is carried out on the basis of cultural-philosophical, comparative-historical, typological, and analytical approaches. The naive art as a cultural phenomenon of Russian culture is very little studied in modern science; meanwhile, it combines many different cultural-psychological, cultural-historical and socio-cultural phenomena.

МИФОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ АРХЕТИПЫ КАК ОСНОВА НАЦИОНАЛЬНОГО САМОСОЗНАНИЯ РУССКОГО НАРОДА

The article analyzes the basic provisions of understanding myths and mythological archetypes that are typical for ps ychoanalysis, analytical and post-Jungian psychology. The generalizing analysis of the main works of authoritative specialists in mythology (J. Campbell and M. Eliade) is presented. The functions of the universal mythological archetypes of mankind are revealed. National archetypes, which are the ideological dominants of the national identity of the Russian people in the pre-industrial period, are considered. The main characteristics of modern myth-making are identified.

УКРАЇНСЬКІ НАЦІОНАЛЬНІ АРХЕТИПИ ЯК СКЛАДОВІ КУЛЬТУРИ

Purpose of research systematization of information about Ukrainian national archetypes, determination of their characteristics and ways of influencing the formation of Ukrainian culture. Methodology. In achieving this goal, the following research methods were applied: historical, observation, analysis, comparison, periodization method, generalization of the problem studied. Scientific Novelty is to determine the role of Ukrainian national archetypes in the formation and development of culture. Conclusions. Cultural archetypes and historical forms form the foundations of any national culture, including Ukrainian. They determine its content and functional integrity. The basis of our research was the Jungian concept, according to which socio-cultural development provides for a vivid embodiment of archetypes in a particular culture, and vice versa, inhibition of social processes through the absence of a specific archetype. The very concept of an archetype remains multifaceted and voluminous.Ukrainian national cultural archetypes are clearly expressed in myths, legends, fairy tales, customs and rituals, traditions, folklore, which summarizes the experience of our ancestors.

Linguistic identity, national archetypes and sociocultural environment of their formation

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the current state of the categories ―linguistic identity‖ and ―national archetype‖ in correlation with the socio-cultural environment. The national and cultural values of any ethno psychological group are reflected in the language serving a real-life community of people. National archetypes are the semiotic basis of linguistic identity, which is formed within a certain socio-cultural context, an inalienable instance of the psychophysical structure of a person. It is argued that the essential characteristics of the national linguistic identity can be detected already at the level of identifying the semantic features of the language units of the utterance in discoursing. The next steps to reconstruct the linguistic personality are associated with modelling the logical-semantic structure of the utterance, due to the presence of ethnocultural traces at all levels of the subject's discourse behaviour. The discourse behaviour of an individual is the essence of his communicative activity and worldview. It was found that behavioural models, modal and nominative ways of reflecting reality are ethnoculturally determined not only by language, but also by immanent preferences in accordance with the logic, semantics and pragmatics of the communicative act. It is suggested that the verbalization of Russian identity (the magic of Russian vocabulary) is preferably carried out within the framework of contact strategies (direct means of expressing thoughts) and in correlation with the values of the national community, and the intellectual parameters of the French language are implemented in line with distant communication strategies (indirect means expressions of thought) and the priority of individual values. Prospects for the application of the method of reconstructing new knowledge in the mainstream of identifying the dominant features of a national linguistic personality in languages of different structures are outlined.

ЕКСПЛІКАЦІЯ АРХЕТИПІВ І СИМВОЛІВ У СУЧАСНИХ УКРАЇНСЬКИХ ХУДОЖНІХ ФІЛЬМАХ

<p><strong><em>The purpose</em></strong><em> of the article is to explicate archetypes and symbols in modern Ukrainian historical films those were made during 2015–2021 term. As an object of research, we selected precisely those modern films of the historical genre, the titles of those are identical to the main character or characters names in the films. At the same time, the fact how real or pseudo-real the prototypes of the main characters of the films selected for analysis were, was not taken to consideration.</em></p><p><strong><em>Research methodology.</em></strong><em> The main general scientific methods that are used in this article are the analysis of literature on the issue under study (on the explication of archetypes and symbols and their use in modern Ukrainian feature films of the historical genre), description (of selected films according to the main criteria – release date, director’s name, screened work), comparative analysis (to clarify the similarities and differences between the archetype and the symbol and types of national archetypes), the method of explication (to clarify the essence of national types of archetypes). In addition, the article uses the following empirical methods: rolling sample (for the selection of relevant films) and content analysis with elements of qualitative analysis (to clarify the use of predominant national archetypes and symbols in the film as means of their implementation).</em></p><p><strong><em>Results.</em></strong><em> It is being explicated that the archetype and symbol are the key concepts of research, although they belong to different fields of study – subconscious, intangible and conscious, material, but complement to each other, expressing the archetypal-symbolic meaning of the message. Therefore, these concepts are not identical or interchangeable, but are closely related. It has also been suggested that national archetypes are based on universal human archetypes.</em></p><p><em>In modern Ukrainian feature films with the main character – a historical or pseudo-historical person</em><em> </em><em>– the following archetypes are clearly expressed: first, the archetype of the earth, which begins to form with the help of shots from the Ukrainian landscape proper and to generalize about Ukraine as a state as a whole; secondly, the archetype of a strong knight, which is overwhelmingly the main character of the film; thirdly, the archetype of freedom, which is created in the process of a knight's struggle for his native land.</em></p><p><strong><em>Novelty.</em></strong><em> It has been identified that in selected modern Ukrainian feature films of the historical genre, three national Ukrainian archetypes prevail – the archetype of the earth, the strong knight and freedom they are closely related.</em></p><p><strong><em>Practical significance.</em></strong><em> The results of the research can be used in writing screenplays and staging them, reviewing films, as well as in the educational process of specialty 021 </em><em>«</em><em>Audiovisual art and production</em><em>»</em><em> students.</em></p><p><strong><em>Key words:</em></strong><em> archetype, ethnocultural and national archetypes, symbol, explication, modern Ukrainian feature film, historical genre, archetype of earth, freedom and a strong knight.</em></p>

Інтерпретація ціннісних диспозицій вихованців освітньо-реабілітаційних закладів України у контексті теорії архетипіки

The article uses the theoretical and methodological standpoint of Gilbert Durand’s theory of archetypes to interpret ethnic archetypes of Ukrainians, which are manifested in the set of value dispositions of students attending educational and rehabilitation institutions. The authors substantiate the idea that the influence of archetypal determinants in children is manifested primarily in value dispositions that act as potentials for their future behaviour; they are the projection of the collective unconscious influence on the social morality of a particular society and the formation of universal prototypes that determine the living environment of each individual and the entire community, eventually affecting the construction of social reality. Based on the survey conducted among senior students of educational and rehabilitation institutions of Ukraine, it is empirically shown that the value structure of student youth is formed mostly regardless of their gender, reflecting the main national archetypes (freedom-loving Cossack society, cordocentrism, the concept of “fertile land”, peasantry character, the image of Goddess-Mother) and includes such traits of national character as democratic nature, opulence, thrift, diligence, religiosity and respect for women. The article demonstrates the analytical and interpretative value of the conceptual trichotomy “diurnal – dramatic nocturnal – mystical nocturnal” introduced by G. Durand for understanding the archetypal pre-conditions of students’ choices of priority values. The authors analyse the specific features of the value sphere of students with disabilities: when compared to children without disabilities, they show lower indicators for almost all value points. It is suggested that these differences are evidence of the lesser manifestation of archetypes and national character traits due to preferential focusing on health issues, the need to monitor and control physical condition increasingly, coordination of movements, etc. Because of this, in students with disabilities, the postural reflex, which belongs to the sphere of the diurnal influence, retains its activity after reaching physical maturity and often manifests itself in the unprecedented psychological vitality of people belonging to this category.

Frontline heroes: Bush fires, the Coronavirus (COVID-19) and the Queensland Press

During the catastrophic 2019 and 2020 bushfire season and the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic in 2020, Queensland’s Courier Mail regularly celebrated firefighters and health workers as national archetypes. By positioning them as the ‘new Anzacs’, the Courier Mail was able to communicate an understanding of the crises using a rhetoric that was familiar, unthreatening and reassuring. The firefighters, both professional and volunteer, were easily subsumed into the mythology’s celebration of national identity. As Queensland’s health workers were predominantly female, urban-based and educated, the article used a more modern iteration of the Anzac mythology better suited to this different context. The emergence of a ‘kinder, gentler Anzac’ in the 1970s and its focus on trauma, suffering and empathy proved equally useful as a rhetorical tool. Both approaches were underpinned by a move away from a narrow military context to the Anzac mythology’s standing as a civic religion that celebrates more universal values such as courage, endurance, sacrifice and comradeship.

КУЛЬТУРНОЕ СВОЕОБРАЗИЕ МОДУСА КОМИЧЕСКОГО: ХУДОЖЕСТВЕННЫЕ СТРАТЕГИИ И ЗНАКОВЫЙ КОД (НА МАТЕРИАЛЕ ПЬЕС Н. КОЛЯДЫ И О. БОГАЕВА)

In the modern socio-cultural space, which is based on globalization processes, the principles of transculturalism and technocentrism, the idea of comprehension of the cultural code and value absolute manifestly comes itself to the forefront. The comic beginning as an aesthetic and cultural phenomenon is a way of expressing the value worldview system, it is verbalized as an ethno-marked substrate in the axiological picture of the world of the people. The article is devoted to the comprehension of the mode of the comic on the basis of the plays "The old hare" of N. Kolyada and "33 happiness" of O. Bogaev. This category is studied in the aesthetic and philosophical context as a way of dialogue with traditions, the search for national archetypes and overcoming the socio-cultural crisis. The dominant features of the poetics of the comic beginning, which is significantly complicated by philosophical searches are determined using the following artistic strategies: carnivalization (a system of images, models of heroes, linguistic experimentalism, plot-compositional beginning), irony, grotesque, binary opposition (tragic – comic), defamiliarisation, game intertextual beginning as a way of comprehending the cultural tradition and dialogue with the classics, mythologization, intermediality, artistic technique of the mask, trickster myth, the Menippean nature of the text canvas, the compositional structure of theater-in-the-theater, the motive of repetition. The signs of the semiotic system are analyzed as a way of expressing transitional thinking and the implementation of an axiological picture of the world: a goldfish (a symbol of deification of a miracle), an old man and an old woman (national archetypes, images of fairy-tale heroes), "Public Paradise", "Chungova Changa" (mythological codification, symbols of Paradise, resurrection of the soul), a hare (a symbol of a lost man in a crazy, insane world, a metaphor of a "little man"), a "dancing negrito" (a symbol of a "divine puppet", "a wonderful doll of the Gods"), a black beetle (a sign of an imminent meeting of heroes, a symbol of a lost soul, the semantics of crossing the semiotic border), a cat (a symbol of loneliness, wildness), "legs on a frosty window" (a symbol of a "little man").

Visual Regimes of Mobility Photographic Exhibitions on Refugees during the Financial Crisis in Greece

ABSTRACTThis article explores how photographic images of refugees in modern Greece condition national imagination and construct new ethnopolitical moral fantasies. It also examines how repetitive images of suffering in photographic exhibitions become constitutive of a new regime of mobility in the country during the financial and refugee crisis. I argue that refugees’ images articulate kinship and gender norms, national archetypes, ethnic hierarchies, and ideas of mobility and rootedness. They bind together northern European landscapes and resistant Mediterranean subjects and weave new and old visualities into a single mobility aesthetic that reinvents national memory and initiates new political moralities.

The Expressive Potential of Dialectisms in the Prose of Fedor Abramov (To the 100th Anniversary of the Birth)

The article considers dialectisms as an expressive tool in the prose of F. A. Abramov, a writer who was born and devoted his professional life to Russian North. Dialectisms reflect national cultural archetypes, thus having a significant visual and figurative potential. It is shown that Fedor Abramov, who promoted the freedom of linguistic choice in artistic expressions, actively and skillfully applied the folk language in all its diversity, including all types of dialectisms that perform nominative, characterological and stylistic functions. Ethnographisms are considered as a prominent examples of dialecticisms, whose meanings are fully manifisted in a literary context. The use of northern dialectisms allowed Abramov to emphasize important meanings, give an adequate characterization of characters and form a figurative system of expressions.