Indonesian National Research Articles

12 weeks OPT method for enhanching anearobic and aerobic capacity in elite Indonesian female beach volleyball athletes

Introduction: There hasn't been a lot of research done on how the OPT method affects the anaerobic and aerobic capacity of beach volleyball players. Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of OPT on anaerobic and aerobic capacity among elite female beach volleyball players in Indonesia. Methodology: The research employed a pre-test and post-test format, including six elite female players from the Indonesian National Beach Volleyball Team. An all-inclusive sampling method was utilized with participants N=6, aged between 19 and 27, weighing 52 to 77 kg, standing between 168 and 180 cm tall, and having BMIs ranging from 18.40 to 24.60. The duration of the training program was 12 weeks, consisting of three intensive sessions every week, adding up to a total of 36 sessions. Anaerobic capacity was assessed utilizing the Running-based Anaerobic Sprint Test (RAST), whereas aerobic capacity was evaluated with the Multistage Fitness Test. Analysis of data was performed utilizing SPSS 24 and Microsoft Excel. Results: The findings demonstrated significant improvements in both capacities, with Anaerobic Capacity before at 4.50 ± 0.61 and after at 0.79 ± 0.11, and Aerobic Capacity before at 39.23 ± 1.91 and after at 50.88 ± 0.74. Statistically significant variances were observed (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The research findings indicate a notable rise in anaerobic and aerobic capabilities after completing the OPT training program. It is advised to conduct more research to investigate the wider impacts of the OPT technique on the overall physical abilities of beach volleyball players.

Analysis of the Impact of the Shift in Investigative Authority from Sector Police (Polsek) to Resort Police (Polres) on the Law Enforcement Process and Fulfillment of Justice for the Community in the Jurisdiction of the Bangka Belitung Islands Regional Police

The Indonesian National Police (Polri) holds a central role in safeguarding public security, maintaining order, and enforcing the law in Indonesia. The Chief of the National Police's Decision Number: Kep/613/III/2021 introduces a strategic shift of investigative authority from Sector Police (Polsek) to Resort Police (Polres) in designated areas, including within the Bangka Belitung Islands Regional Police jurisdiction. This transformation is designed to optimize preventive functions at the Polsek level. This study employs a normative juridical method combined with an empirical approach through regulatory analysis and interviews with law enforcement officers and community members. The results reveal that this policy shift positively affects the efficiency of case handling while refocusing the Polsek’s role on community security and public service. Several determining factors, such as geographical distance, report volume, and accessibility, significantly influence the selection of Polseks exempt from investigative duties. The findings suggest that delegating investigative tasks to Polres supports better resource allocation for Polri personnel, enhances community-based policing, and ensures preventive measures are implemented effectively. These changes aim to create a more efficient and equitable system of law enforcement that accommodates the specific needs of various local contexts.

Alat Penghancur Kulit Kayu Manis Berbasis PLC

This study presents the design and development of an automated cinnamon bark shredder control system using a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC). The purpose of the system is to enhance production efficiency by replacing manual processes with automation, thereby reducing time, labor costs, and error rates. The system integrates components such as proximity sensors, induction motors, and PLC Omron CP1E, programmed with the CX-Programmer software. Testing demonstrated that the shredder effectively processes cinnamon bark into fine powder meeting Indonesian National Standards (SNI) for export, with consistent results in particle size (0.7–1 cm) and reduced waste. The tool is suitable for small and medium-sized industries (IKM) due to its cost efficiency, operational simplicity, and ability to improve production capacity. Future developments may focus on scaling up for industrial use.

Pembentukan Perda Berbasis Syari’ah dalam Bingkai Negara Hukum Pancasila

This research attempts to explore the validity basis (philosophical, sociological juridical, historical, and conceptual) of the formation of Sharia Regional Regulations or Regional Regulations that have a Sharia orientation, which is mostly drawn up in various regions in Indonesia. As for this research, normative juridical analyzes the problems in the formation of Sharia regulations within the framework of the Pancasila state law. Of the seven legal research approaches, the statute approach, conceptual approach, and historical approach are used to find answers to the problems posed in this study. The results of the study stated that the establishment of a Sharia-inspired Regional Regulation has a philosophical foundation in Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution, particularly Article 18, Article 18A, Article 18B, Article 25, and Article 29. Sociologically, the cultural pluralism of the Indonesian nation is always related to religion. Juridically, the provisions in Article 10 paragraph (1) letter f of Constitution Number 23 of 2014 concerning Regional Government have been amended several times, most recently by Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation and their explanations. The provisions of Article 2 and Article 3 of Presidential Regulation Number 83 of 2015 concerning the Ministry of Religion also provide clear boundaries regarding the authority of the central and regional governments in the field of religion. This provision provides an opportunity for the regions to form regional regulations with sharia nuances. In the Jakarta Charter (Piagam Jakarta)as a historical document, the government also recognizes and legitimizes the formation of a Sharia Regional Regulation. Then based on conceptual (theoretical), the concept of asymmetric decentralization, it is possible for the Government to implement different autonomy for several regions in Indonesia which allows the development of the unique potential of each region.

Evaluation Study of the Sports Achievement Development Program at the Indonesian National Sports Committee North Kalimantan

This research aims to determine the results of the evaluation of the context, input, process, and product for sport achievement development program of the Indonesian Sport Committee (KONI) of North Kalimantan. This research used an evaluation study with the CIPP Model. The research subjects were KONI North Kalimantan administrators, coaches, and athletes. The research sampling technique used purposive sampling, with sample criteria: administrators who were still active, coaches involved in achievement development, and athletes who were still active. The data collection techniques used observation/surveys and interviews. The data collection instruments were questionnaires and interview guidelines. The data analysis techniques used descriptive quantitative and descriptive qualitative analysis. The research findings reveal that the KONI North Kalimantan sport achievement development program obtain a score of 3.16, in the medium level. Furthermore, the results of the evaluation of each aspect of the achievement development program show that: (1) The context of the KONI North Kalimantan achievement development program, amounting to 3.29, in the medium level, based on indicators of the background of the development program, the objectives of the development program and the development program. (2) Management input for sport achievement development of KONI North Kalimantan, amounting to 3.25 is classified in the medium level, based on indicators of human resources, athlete recruitment, training program creation, coach selection, completeness standards, completeness of facilities and infrastructure, funding to develop training centers, funding for facilities and infrastructure, funding for maintenance of facilities and infrastructure, and welfare of coaches and athletes. (3) Process of the sport achievement development program in KONI North Kalimantan, amounting to 3.1 is classified in the medium level, based on indicators of program implementation and coordination of training programs. (4) Product of the KONI North Kalimantan sports achievement development program, amounting to 3.02 is classified in the low level, based on indicators of district, provincial and national level achievements.

Total lactic acid bacteria, total dissolved solids, and organoleptic properties of cocogurt with the addition of stevia leaf extracts

The term "cocogurt," a combination of the words "coconut" and "yogurt," is commonly used to describe yogurt prepared with coconut milk. Cocogurt is a lactic acid bacteriafermented beverage made from coconut milk that has similar properties to yogurt. Sugar is used as the carbon source in the majority of commercially available fermented beverages. Customers, particularly diabetics, are demanding that food items have lower calorie levels, so sugar, which is known to have a high concentration of calories, is beginning to be avoided as a sweetener in some products. In the case of cocogurt, replacing sugar with stevia leaf extract could be an alternative solution. However, there has yet to be any reporting on the inclusion. This study aimed to determine the effect of adding stevia leaf extract to the total lactic acid bacteria, total dissolved solids, and organoleptic properties of cocogurt. This study involved four treatments and five replications, with additions of stevia leaf extract at varying concentrations (T0 = 0%, T1 = 0.5%, T2 = 2%, and T3 = 3.5%). The materials used in the research were grated coconut, stevia leaf powder, skim milk, and yogurt starter. According to the study's findings, adding stevia leaf extract in various quantities had a significant impact (p<0.05) on the amount of total lactic acid bacteria, total dissolved solids, sweetness, and acidity of cocogurt. The T0 treatment had the most lactic acid bacteria, with an average of 4.47×108 ±0.125 log CFU while the T3 treatment had the least, with 6.61×107 ±0.20 log CFU. Each treatment had at least 107 CFU of total lactic acid bacteria which is the minimum required by the Indonesian National Standard for fermented beverages. The T0 treatment had the lowest total dissolved solid value of 2.92±0.11°Brix and the T3 treatment had the highest total solid value of 3.26±0.17°Brix. Therefore, it can be concluded that cocogurt made with 0.5% stevia leaf extract contained the optimal amount of total lactic acid bacteria, meeting the requirements of the Indonesian National Standard, and had a moderately sweet and sour flavor in terms of sweetness and acidity.

Quadrant categorization of spillover determinants of sovereign risk of BRICIT nations: a Bayesian approach

This study investigates the determinants that drive the volatility of the credit default swaps (CDS) of BRICIT (Brazil, Russia, India, China, Indonesia, and Turkey) nations as a proxy measure for sovereign risk. On the existence of cointegration, an unrestricted error correction model integrated with the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model is applied to measure the short-run and long-run dynamics empirically. The study utilizes the Bayesian global vector autoregression methodology for cross-border spillover estimation. The study also suggests a strategy for policymakers for quadrant categorization to mitigate risk arising from cross-border spillover. The result of ARDL indicates that the global macroeconomic variables affect the BRICIT CDS more than domestic macroeconomic determinants, with Indian CDS being the most sensitive to Fed tapering. Notably, China’s CDS is the most sensitive to shocks, with the CDS volatility primarily driven by China’s geopolitical risk. Russian CDS is more sensitive to real effective exchange rates due to severe ruble depreciation than crude oil, despite Russia being a major oil exporter. The quadrant categorization indicates that the Indonesian stock market index is most interconnected with BRICIT CDS, while the Turkish long-term interest rates send the highest intensity spillover across BRICIT nations.

Discussion Criminal Offense Of Fraud Committed By Members Of The Indonesian National Army (TNI)

Fraud committed by members of the TNI is a very concerning issue because it involves individuals who should be role models in upholding the law and protecting the public. This crime not only undermines public trust but also shows a violation of the code of ethics and military discipline, even though based on their duties the TNI is required to be someone who has high discipline from various aspects.The approach used by the author of this research is the Normative Juridical Approach where this approach is an approach that focuses on the study of library law which is carried out by examining library materials or secondary data as basic material to be researched by conducting a search for regulations related to this problem.The crime of fraud aims to convince the victim to fulfill his wishes. Fraud is not regulated in the Military Criminal Code (KUHPM), but the examination process by members of the TNI is carried out in the Military Court. The settlement of the crime of fraud by members of the Indonesian National Army follows Law No. 31 of 1997, which includes the stages of investigation, prosecution, and implementation of the decision.The verdict on the crime of fraud committed by members of the Indonesian National Army based on Decision Number 41-K/PM.I-02/AD/III/2024 is correct because it is in accordance with applicable laws. The judge stated that the defendant was legally and convincingly proven guilty of committing the crime of fraud by determining the evidence revealed during the trial and also the judge's own belief in the case.

Innovations in TB Screening and Preventive Therapy Services for PLHIV in Yogyakarta City, Indonesia.

Tuberculosis preventive therapy (TPT) for people living with HIV (PLHIV) has been recommended by Indonesia's National TB Program since 2014 but has seen limited implementation. This study describes TB screening and TPT initiation from 2019 to 2022 among eight healthcare facilities supported by the Zero TB Yogyakarta (ZTB) project. ZTB assigned a dedicated nurse to assist with active TB screening among PLHIV and recommended the immediate initiation of TPT as an innovation implemented. Data were obtained from the national HIV program reporting system, routinely reported by ART clinics from 2019 to 2022. We conducted a descriptive analysis, comparing the pre-intervention and intervention periods. During the intervention, there was a significant increase in PLHIV visits to healthcare facilities where TPT eligibility was assessed. At health centers, TB screening coverage for PLHIV decreased toward the end of the baseline period but recovered during the intervention. The number of PLHIV starting TPT also rose during the intervention. While the direct impact of ZTB is difficult to measure, the changes observed indicate progress in integrating TB/HIV services and enhancing TB prevention among PLHIV. Ongoing support, training, and supervision of healthcare facilities are crucial for improving TB screening and TPT provision.

Urgensi Nilai-Nilai Pancasila di Era Globalisasi Saat Ini

Pancasila is the foundation of the Indonesian state, therefore Pancasila is very important in everyday life, and the existence of Pancasila can make the Indonesian nation have guiding principles for recognizing and resolving social, political, legal, cultural and other problems. The values ​​that Pancasila has are good values. Therefore, the values ​​of Pancasila for Indonesian people in their activities are very important, and must be instilled into the souls of every community in Indonesia. In this era of globalization, Pancasila values ​​are starting to fade. This situation can be observed from the emergence of various kinds of problems arising from the non-application of the values ​​of Pancasila, and if they are not immediately addressed, it is possible that the values ​​of Pancasila or the meaning of Pancasila itself will disappear. This research aims to show how important it is to strengthen Pancasila values ​​in the era of globalization, and the method used in this research is the interview method or what is usually called an interview.

Anti-Corruption Education for Catechumens

Research with the theme of anti-corruption education for catechumens examines two things, namely why anti-corruption education material is given to catechumens and how catechumens view this material considering that they are only preparing themselves to fulfill the requirements for the sacrament of holy communion. The research method used is qualitative research. The data used are primary and secondary. The results showed (a) that the church seeks to empower and prepare church members to play an active role in the life of the nation and state. The church is called to convey its prophetic voice to realize the welfare of society. (b) Anti-corruption education for catechumens is urgent and relevant because they are part of society that has a role in preventing and eradicating corruption. As agents of change in society, Catechumens can show their existence as bearers of good news. This means that catechumens must endeavor to be part of the solution to the problems experienced by the people, nation, and state of Indonesia. The church is not a corruption-free area and can even be a safe area for corruption because of the forgiving character of the church. So, this material is very urgent and relevant to help create an attitude of concern for the impact caused by anti-corruption, and (c) The catechumens' view of the anti-corruption education material provided to them as a step forward because the impact of corruption is felt by the whole community including the church and catechumens so that apart from increasing knowledge, they also actualize anti-corruption values in their daily lives.

Formulation and impact of soy protein isolate on white oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) sausage: Palatability evaluation, nutritional and economic value

This study investigated the utilization of white oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus) and soy protein isolate in developing vegetarian sausages. Two formulations were evaluated: a control (100% mushrooms) and an experimental (80% mushrooms, 20% soy protein isolate). Sensory assessment using a 5-point hedonic scale with 25 trained panellists revealed no significant differences (p > 0.05) in aroma, taste, texture, or colour between formulations. Chemical analysis indicated that the experimental sample showed a significant increase in protein content from 0.42% to 2.24%, though this still falls short of the Indonesian National Standard (SNI 3820:2015) minimum requirement of 8% for sausages. Moisture, fat, and ash content were comparable between formulations and within SNI limits. Carbohydrate content was slightly lower in the experimental sausages but presumably exceeded the SNI minimum. Microbiological testing demonstrated that both formulations met safety standards, with total plate count, coliform count, and Salmonella levels well below the limits set by SNI 3820:2015. Cost estimation revealed that the vegetarian sausages had a lower selling price compared to traditional meat sausages, offering an economically viable alternative. This research highlights the potential of mushrooms and plant proteins in developing nutritious, safe, and cost-effective meat alternatives though further formulation improvements are needed to meet protein content standards for sausage products.

Degraded Forest Evaluation Using Vegetation Indices at Bandealit Resort, Meru Betiri National Park

The forest degradation and deforestation was widely occurred in Indonesia and Meru Betiri National Park is one of the area with illegal loggings threats. Bandealit Resort as one of the resort in Meru Betiri National Park was reported as the area with high activity of illegal loggings specifically in 2020. Based on this information, this research study aims to evaluate the degraded level of the forests using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index and Enhanced Vegetation Index (NDVI and EVI) so it can be managed and evaluated in the future. This research use direct and indirect observation methods in three areas with different damage levels. Direct observation was done by counting the number of species and the stands trees, while the indirect observation was analyzing the Landsat 8 Imagery in 2020, 2021 and 2022. The results showed that the A area had the lowest density with only 45 remaining trees than two others with more than 150 trees. The greenness levels imply the quality level of tree stand density, as higher the tree stand density, the higher the greenness. NDVI and EVI showed that A area had the range from low greenness (sparse density) to high greenness (medium density) than two others area had the higher greenness and densities.

Criminal Law Policy on The Principle of Rechterlijk Pardon (Judge's Forgiveness) In the National Criminal Code Criminalization System

This study aims to determine the criminal law policy of the principle of rechterlijk pardon (forgiveness of judges) in the National Criminal Code punishment system. The formulation of the problem discussed by the researcher is how the criminal law policy of the rechterlijk pardon principle in the National Criminal Code punishment system. This research also discusses what is the urgency of the rechterlijk pardon principle in the National Criminal Code punishment system. This research includes normative legal research, with data collected based on written regulations and experts' opinions. The results of this study indicate that the criminal law policy of rechterlijk pardon formulation is in accordance with the values of the Indonesian nation based on Pancasila. The rechterlijk pardon policy as contained in Article 54 paragraph (2) of the National Criminal Code is a new breakthrough in the National Criminal Code's punishment system as well as a punishment guideline that was previously absent in the WvS Criminal Code which is still in effect. The judge is given the authority to forgive the perpetrator of a criminal offense even though the perpetrator is proven guilty. The forgiveness given by the judge is certainly a consideration of the legal objectives in the form of legal justice, legal certainty, and legal expediency.

Film festivals and social inclusion: the Ciputra Film Festival’s collaborative spirit

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate the strategies used by Ciputra Film Festival organizers to package the festival as an inclusive festival. It will be revealed how film festivals serve as a means of collaboration for various Indonesian film communities.Design/methodology/approachThis study was carried out using an exploratory method, a qualitative approach and an interpretive paradigm, in which researchers put themselves in the shoes of the participants.FindingsAccording to the findings of the thematic analysis, the strategy for organizing the Ciputra Film Festival (from the beginning of planning to the end of the festival) promotes the values of diversity from each community. They promote the festival as a celebration of diversity as well as a collaboration among local film communities that reflect the characteristics of the Indonesian nation, which is indeed very diverse in terms of ethnicity, culture, social and political preferences. The local film community is active in all aspects of the festival, including consumption, production, political participation and social interaction.Practical implicationsThe organization of the Ciputra Film Festival has attempted to be inclusive by uniting the interests of the local film community, local culture and the film business. However, some community aspirations and the existence of local cultural elements must continue to be prioritized so that participants and visitors get the best experience.Originality/valueThis study advances a discussion of inclusive film festival events that collaborate with as many local film communities as possible, with the goal of identifying specific practices of engaging local film communities that contribute to inclusivity.

The utilization of spices to improve the quality and safety of traditional dried sardine fish

Pedetan is a traditional spiced dried fish dish processed by the community in the Jembrana Regency, Bali. Pedetan is made from lemuru fish, this product utilizes boneless lemuru meat and a head that is seasoned and then shaped into a flat shape resembling jerky (sweet, dried meat/fish). Traditional fish processing has prospects of being developed as an alternative to equal distribution between producing and consumer areas. Damage to dried fish is often caused by enzymes and microorganisms such as bacteria and moulds. Spices applied to dried fish can be used as an inhibitor of spoilage. This study tested a new seasoning composition based on the ratio of the community's spices and seven compositions of pedetan sardine fish seasoning formula and was stored for 12 weeks. The results showed that the water content of pedetan increased, while the protein and fat levels decreased during storage until the 12th week. However, the ash content was insoluble in acid and salt. Microbiological analysis met the Indonesian National Standard 8273-2016 (SNI) requirements as the dried salted fish had a maximum of 105 CFU, while sensory analysis showed a value of 7.93 following the SNI. Seasoning II composition consisted of garlic, coriander, Kaempferia galangal, Alpinia galangal, ginger, vinegar, salt, and extended sardine fish shelf life up to the 12th week. According to the standards set for food made from raw fish, seasoning II has the best quality and sensory value.

Optimizing Temperature and Time for Producing Coconut Shell Activated Charcoal to Reduce Free Fatty Acids in Used Cooking Oil

Activated charcoal is a type of carbon that has a high capacity to absorb anions, cations, and molecules in both organic and inorganic compounds, whether in solutions or gases. This research aims to determine the effect of temperature variation and carbonization time on optimizing the production of activated charcoal from coconut shells as an environmentally friendly solution to reduce the acid value in used cooking oil. The activated charcoal production process in this study uses carbonization with temperature variations of 200°C, 250°C, 300°C, and 350°C, and carbonization times of 1 hour, 1.5 hours, 2 hours, 2.5 hours, and 3 hours. The best results for activated charcoal are obtained at 350°C and 3 hours, with moisture content of 0.811%, volatile matter of 5.926%, ash content of 1%, and other parameters that meet the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) for activated charcoal, such as fixed carbon content, iodine absorption capacity in accordance with SNI-06-3730-1995, and an acid value that also meets the standard (SNI 01-3741-2013).

COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE OF SARIMAX AND LSTM MODEL IN PREDICTING IMPORT QUANTITIES OF MILK, BUTTER, AND EGGS

This study evaluates how well SARIMAX and LSTM models predict monthly imports of HS-04 commodities (butter, eggs, and milk) in Indonesia. Data were provided by BPS Statistics Indonesia, Bank Indonesia, Ministry of Trade, Trade Map, and Indonesia National Single Window and used from January 2006 to February 2024. The SARIMAX model included exogenous variables such as inflation rates, USD/IDR exchange rates, and major Indonesian holidays (Eid al-Fitr, Eid al-Adha, Christmas, and Lunar New Year). The results show that the SARIMAX and LSTM models predict the import volumes of butter, eggs, and milk with good accuracy. However, the SARIMAX model demonstrated superior forecasting accuracy, achieving a lower RMSE of 7547.89 and a MAPE of 13.16 compared to the LSTM model, which yielded an RMSE of 8787.73 and a MAPE of 14.89. The SARIMAX model performed significantly better when the lunar new year was added as an exogenous variable. In order to support price stability and economic growth in Indonesia, this research provides policymakers and industry stakeholders with critical information to optimize import management strategies for butter, eggs, and milk commodities. Accurate forecasts can contribute to price stability, enhanced food security, and sustainable economic development in Indonesia by enabling informed decisions on import quotas, tariff adjustments, investment in domestic production, and strategic reserves.

Implementation of Good Corporate Governance in the Placement of Indonesian Army Members in State Civil Apparatus Positions in Ministries/Institutions Case Study of the Ministry of State Secretariat

This study examines the implementation of Good Corporate Governance (GCG) principles in placing Indonesian National Armed Forces (TNI) members into civil servant positions in Ministries/Agencies, specifically at the State Secretariat Ministry. The research focuses on assessing the impact of this placement on employee performance, with GCG aiming to improve efficiency, transparency, and accountability in the process. Using a qualitative approach and case study method, the study involves in-depth interviews with relevant stakeholders and analysis of internal documents. The findings suggest that placing TNI members in civil servant roles can enhance discipline, efficiency, and effectiveness, bringing in specialized expertise. However, challenges such as cultural differences, lack of bureaucratic experience, and potential conflicts of interest also emerge. The study emphasizes the importance of consistent GCG implementation, including transparent selection processes, accountability in performance evaluations, and robust training programs. It also suggests mitigation strategies to address integration challenges, such as orientation programs, forming integration teams, and fostering greater awareness. The research concludes that while the policy has positive and negative aspects, practical GCG application and proper mitigation are key to maximizing benefits and minimizing risks

Inclusion Policy of People Smuggling and Passport Forgery Articles in National Criminal Code Law to Justify Indonesian Immigration Law in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGS) Era

Objectives: Through qualitative research using the normative juridical analysis method, strengthened by interviews with criminal law experts who formulated the Indonesian National Criminal Code, research was conducted to find out whether this new law (lex superior) can be applied without clashing with the provisions of a more specific law (lex specialist) that has existed before, and how the provisions of the new law can strengthen the provisions of the norms in the old law, specifically the discussion focuses on the provisions of human smuggling and passport forgery which are newly formulated in the National Criminal Code after previously being regulated in the Immigration Law. Theoretical Framework: After the Dutch colonial occupation, for 78 years the Indonesian state still used the Wetboek van Strafrecht as the law governing criminal law until finally in 2023 Indonesia had a National Criminal Law (National Criminal Code). The National Criminal Code formulates norms regarding human smuggling and passport forgery which were previously formulated in Law Number 6 Year 2011 on Immigration. Method: Interview with a criminal law theory expert, namely a professor of Indonesian criminal law who is also the initiator of the ratification of the New Criminal Code, the interview aims to obtain answers to the problem of the position of the articles on human smuggling and passport forgery in the Immigration Law after the ratification of the New Criminal Code which mentions both articles, based on the principle of lex posterior. The interview also seeks answers to whether there is a conflict between the principles of lex specialis and lex posterior, if any, and in terms of how the conflict occurs. Results and Discussion: The research found that the formulation of the two norms does not contradict each other, and the purpose of the formulation of norms in the National Criminal Code is precisely aimed at strengthening the norms of human smuggling and passport forgery that were previously contained in the Immigration Law. Research Implications: It is hoped that this research will be able to answer doubts about the legitimacy of the formulation of human smuggling and passport forgery in the National Criminal Code as a justification for its formulation in the Immigration Law.